The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary

The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
Pope Stephen IX (X) (1057-1058)
Consistory of 1058 (I)

(1) 1. DAMIANO, O.S.B.Cam., Pietro (1007-1072)

Birth. 1007, Ravenna. His parents were noble but poor. He was the youngest of several children. He is also listed as Pier Damiani; as Peter Damian; as Pietro Damiano; as Petrus Damianus; as Petrus Damiani; and as Pedro Damián. He called himself Pietro Peccator. He added Damiano to his name in gratitude to a brother of that name, who had helped him in his youth. Uncle of Cardinal Pietro Damiano, O.S.B.Cam., iuniore (1073).

Education. Studied liberal arts and law in Ravenna, Faenza and Parma among his teachers were Mainfredo and Ives de Chartres. In 1035, he entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines), Congregation Camaldolese, at the monastery of Fonte Avellana (or Fontavellana), Gubbio.

Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Prior and later abbot of the monastery of Fonte Avellana. Attended the Council of Rome of 1049.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Ostia on Saturday March 14, 1058, quarter Temporum Quadragesimæ. against his will. Consecrated in Rome by Pope Stephen IX (X), who died shortly after, on the 22nd of that month. Subscribed papal bulls (as Peccator monachus) issued between October 1059 and June 1060. Legate in Milan in 1059. After the Synod of April 1060, when Cardinal Benedetto of Velletri was deprived of his see, Cardinal Pietro became bishop of that diocese in addition to his see of Ostia (1). Named administrator of the see of Gubbio in 1060. Participated in the papal election of 1061, in which Pope Alexander II was elected. Legate in Florence in 1063. Resigned the suburbicarian see of Ostia to return to his monastery ca. 1066. Legate in Germany in 1069. Later, he was legate in France, where he went to Cluny, Limoges and Châlons-sur-Marne, where he presided over a council; he returned to Rome. Legate in Ravenna in 1072 to reconcile the citizens, who were divided because of the excommunication of Archbishop Arrigo. He intervened in Lucca, before the pope, in favor of the monastery of S. Maria de Firenze. Because of his tireless activity, his zeal to abolish simony and his defense of ecclesiastical discipline, he is considered a glory of the Sacred College of Cardinals. His works were published in three volumes.

Death. February 21 (or 22), 1072, in the monastery of Santa Maria foris portam (now Santa Maria Vecchia), Faenza, returning from his legation in Ravenna. He was initially buried in the church of Santa Maria foris portam in Faenza; later, his remains were transferred to the cathedral of Faenza, where they are still preserved.

Sainthood. He was venerated as a saint immediately after his death; canonized by equipollence (no formal canonization ever took place); his feast is celebrated on February 21. Declared "Doctor of the Church" by Pope Leo XII on October 1, 1828. In the consistory of March 5, 1973, Pope Paul VI assigned the newly created deaconry of S. Pier Damiani ai Monti di S. Paolo to Cardinal Pietro Palazzini.

Bibliography.
-Benericetti, Ruggero. L'eremo e la cattedra : vita di san Pier Damiani (Ravenna 1007-Faenza 1072). Milano : Àncora, c2007;
-Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 129-133;
-Cavina, Paola. Pier Damiani tra esperienza giuridica e tensione spirituale : eremi e monasteri di Romagna. Con premessa di Carlo Dolcini. Cesena : Stilgraf, 2005. (Quaderni degli Studi romagnoli ; 23);
-Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 813-820, no. I;
-Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 2;
-D'Acunto, Nicolangelo. I laici nella chiesa e nella società secondo Pier Damiani : ceti dominanti e riforma ecclesiastica nel secolo XI. Roma : Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo, 1999;
-"Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 138, no. 1;
-Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 99-100, no. 3;
-Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 34; and 115, no. 1;
-Mas Latrie, Louis. Trésor de chronologie d'histoire et de géographie pour l'étude et l'emploi des documents du moyen âge. Paris : Librairie Victor Palmé, 1889, col. 1178, no. 1;
-Peter Damian, Saint O.S.B.; Costantino Gaetano, O.S.B. Sancti Petri Damiani, S.R.E. Cardinalis, Episcopi Ostiensis Ordinis S. Benedicti, e Congregatione Fontis-Avellanæ opera omnia : nunc primum in unum collecta ac argumentis, & notationibus illustrata. Parisiis : Prostant Venetiis apud Josephum Corona, 1743;
-Peter Damian, St. Sancti Petri Damiani S.R.E. Cardinalis Episcopi Ostiensis Ordinis S. Benedicti E Congregatione Fontis Avellanae, Opera Omnia, Nunc Primum in Unum Collecta, Ac Argumentis, Et Notationibus Illustrata, Studio ac Labore Domni Constanti Cajetani Syracusiani, Abbatis Sancti barontis Congregationis Casi enensis. 2 vols. Bassano/Venice: Apud Remondini, 1783. ccxix, 303, viii, 555 +xx, 918, viii, 388 pp., engraved frontis. 4 vols in 2;
-Pier Damiani e il monastero di San Gregorio in Conca nella Romagna del secolo XI : atti del convegno di studio ... : Morciano di Romagna, 27-29 aprile 2007. A cura di Nicolangelo D'Acunto. Spoleto (Perugia) : Fondazione Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo, 2008;
-Pier Damiani (1072) : figura, aspetti dottrinali e memoria nella diocesi di Velletri : giornate di studio, Velletri, 9-10 novembre 2000. A cura di Francesco Cipollini. Venafro : Eva, 2003; -Pier Damiani e il monastero di San Gregorio in Conca nella Romagna del secolo XI : atti del convegno di studio ... : Morciano di Romagna, 27-29 aprile 2007. A cura di Nicolangelo D'Acunto. Spoleto (Perugia) : Fondazione Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo, 2008 -Poletti, Vincenzo. Pier Damiani e il secolo decimoprimo. Faenza : Stab. grafico fratelli Lega, 1972;
-Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffé ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 557, 561, 562, 563, 566, 575, 581 and 583;
-Ryan, J. Joseph. Pseudo-Alcuin’s Liber de divinis officiis and the Liber ‘Dominus vobiscum’ of St. Peter Damiani, in Medieaval Studies 14 (1952), 159–163;
-Studi su san Pier Damiano in onore del cardinale Amleto Giovanni Cicognani. Faenza : Venerabile Seminario vescovile Pio XII, 1961. (Biblioteca cardinale Gaetano Cicognani ; 5).

Webgraphy. Biography by Leslie Toke, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; images and biography, in English, Wikipedia; biography by Carl Mirbt, in English, p. 490-492, New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious; biography by Toivo J. Holopainen, in English, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, with emphasis on his philosophical works; images and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; images and biography, in Italian, Santi e Beati; images and biography, in Italian, site of the monastery of Fonte Avellana, dedicated to the millennium of his birth; biography, in Italian, FILOSOFICO.net, La filosofia e i suoi eroi; biography, in Spanish; biography, in Spanish, The Encyclopedist, Ferrater Mora; biography by Stephan Freund, in German, Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon; images and biography by Einar Odden, in Norwegian, Den katolske kirke; Storia di S. Pier Damiano e del suo tempo, by Alfonso Capecelatro, Orat. (Firenze, G. Barbèra, editore, 1862); part II of the work; Eucharistic Miracle of St. Peter Damiani, Italy, Eleventh Century, in English, with images, therealpresence.org; Pier Damiani e il libro "scomodo", in Italian, with images; San Pier Damiani: un'iconografia millenaria, 20 settembre - 2 dicembre 2007, thirty five images (click on the numbers on the left to see the images), Pinacoteca Comunale di Faenza; his portrait, 1776, Biblioteca Classense, Ravenna; his portrait by Andrea Barbiani, 18th century , Biblioteca Classense, Ravenna; his stuatue, stucco, 1708, Biblioteca Classense, Ravenna; his statue, Monastero della Santa Croce dell'Avellana, Marche, Italy; his bust, Facoltà di teologia a San Simpliciano, Milan; his effigy on a medal, commemorating the 9th centennial of his death, TinyPic; Pier Damiani. Dottore della Chiesa; patrono di Faenza by Domenico Agasso Jr, Vatican Insider, 21/02/2014; San Pedro Damiani - 21 de febrero by Isabel Orellana Vilches, Zenit, 20 febrero 2016; Hoy se celebra a San Pedro Damián, Doctor de la Iglesia, ACI, Redacción Central, 21 Feb. 17 / 12:04 am; February 21, Feast of Saint Peter Damian, a Prophet For Today’s Church by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 21 feb 2019; ¿Sufres muchos problemas y sufrimientos? San Pedro Damián da este consejo by Abel Camasca, ACI Prensa, 20 de febrero de 2023 / 9:10 p. m.

(1) This is according to Klewitz, Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg, p. 34. His fourth biography in English, p. 491, by Carl Mirbt, linked above, sees that he became administrator of the diocese of Velletri. None of the other sources consulted mention his responsibility concerning the see of Velletri.

(2) 2. POGGI, Uberto (?- shortly after March 14, 1058)

Birth. (No date found), Poggio (now Poggio Lucenzio), duchy of Lucca. He is also listed as Uberto del Poggio; as Hubert de Poggio; and as Ubertus de Podijs; and his last name as di Poggio.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Palestrina in the consistory celebrated on Saturday March 14, 1058, quarter Temporum Quadragesimæ (1). Consecrated (no information found).

Death. Shortly after his promotion to the cardinalate on March 14, 1058, (no place found); there was a successor in his suburbicarian see by the end of the year. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 133-134; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 820, no. II; Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 18; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 138, no. 2; Mas Latrie, Louis. Trésor de chronologie d'histoire et de géographie pour l'étude et l'emploi des documents du moyen âge. Paris : Librairie Victor Palmé, 1889, col. 1178, no. 2.

(1) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 1, 133-134, says that some sources deny his promotion while others indicate that he is the same as Cardinal Uberto Belmonte (1068).

(3) 3. BRUNO (?-1092 or shortly after)

Birth. (No date found), Germany. He is also listed as Nemo; as Benno; as Bennon; as Bennone; and as Brunone.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Sabina in the consistory celebrated on March 14, 1058, quarter Temporum Quadragesimæ. Cardinal archpriest. He was inimicus calumniator of Pope Gregory VII. Resigned before 1088. Joined the obedience of Antipope Clement III in 1092. Died without having made his submission to the legitimate pope.

Death. 1092 or shortly after, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 134-135; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 821, no. 3; Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 127; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 138, no. 3; Mas Latrie, Louis. Trésor de chronologie d'histoire et de géographie pour l'étude et l'emploi des documents du moyen âge. Paris : Librairie Victor Palmé, 1889, col. 1178, no. 3.

(4) 4. BONIFAZIO (?-before 1062)

Birth. (No date or place found)

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Marco in a consistory celebrated in 1058, quarter Temporum Quadragesimæ.

Death. Before 1062, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 114; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 138, no. 4.

(5) 5. ALBERINI, O.S.B.Cas., Pietro (?-1100)

Birth. (No date or place found). His last name is also listed as Alberinus and as Alberici.

Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines) at the monastery of Montecassino; "... uomo dottissimo..." (1)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory celebrated on March 14, 1058, quarter Temporum Quadragesimæ; his title is not known.

Death. 1100, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 135; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 822, no. VI; Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 266; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 138-139, no. 5; Mas Latrie, Louis. Trésor de chronologie d'histoire et de géographie pour l'étude et l'emploi des documents du moyen âge. Paris : Librairie Victor Palmé, 1889, col. 1178, no. 6.

(1) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 1, 135, " ... a very learned man..."

(6) 6. BENEDETTO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found)

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in a consistory celebrated in 1058; his title is not known.

Episcopate. Named bishop of Silva Candida after 1065. Consecrated (no information found).

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 266; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 139, no. 6.

(7) 7. GIOVANNI (?-shortly after his promotion to the cardinalate)

Birth. (No date or place found)

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory on March 14, 1058, quarter Temporum Quadragesimæ; his title is not known.

Death. Shortly after his promotion to the cardinalate, during the pontificate of Pope Stephen IX (X), (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 135; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 821, no. V; Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 266; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 139, no. 7; Mas Latrie, Louis. Trésor de chronologie d'histoire et de géographie pour l'étude et l'emploi des documents du moyen âge. Paris : Librairie Victor Palmé, 1889, col. 1178, no. 5.

(8) 8. GIOVANNI (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in a consistory celebrated in 1058; his title is not known.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

(9) 9. OBIZI, Ugobaldo degli (?-1088/1099)

Birth. (No date found), Lucca. Of the Flisca family. His last name is also listed as Obizi; as Obizj; and as Obicijs.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory celebrated on March 14, 1058, quarter Temporum Quadragesimæ; his title is not known. Joined the obedience of Antipope Clement III. Died without having made his submission to the legitimate pope.

Death. During the pontificate of Pope Urban II (1088-1099), (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 135; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 821, no. 4; Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 266; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 139, no. 9.

(10) 10. PIETRO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found)

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in a consistory celebrated in 1058; his title is not known.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

(11) 11. RICCARDO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found)

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in a consistory celebrated in 1058 (?); his title is not known.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

(12) 12. ALBERICO, seniore, O.S.B.Cas. (ca. 1030-October 17, 1088)

Birth. Ca. 1030, territory of Benevento (1). Of the Anserici family. He is also listed as Alberic of Monte Cassino and as Alberico di Montecassino, seniore. He is called seniore to differentiate him from Alberico di Montecassino, iuniore (Alberico da Settefrati), 1100-1145.

Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines) at the monastery of Montecassino in 1057 or 1060, during the abbacy of Desiderio, who became his great friend.

Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found); teacher of grammar and rhetoric in the monastery of Montecassino; Giovanni da Gaeta, O.S.B.Cas., future Pope Gelasius II was among his students.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in a consistory celebrated on March 14, 1058, quarter Temporum Quadragesimæ; his deaconry is not known. Participated in the Roman synod of 1078-1079, convoked by Pope Gregory VII; in the synod were condemned the theses of Bérenger of Tous on the Eucharist; Cardinal Alberic wrote the treatise De corpore Christi, now lost; he strongly supported the formula of the transubstantiation, which gave foundation to the dogmatic definition of the Eucharist definitively established by the Council of Trent. He became cardinal priest of Ss. IV Coronati in August 1088 (2). Author of numerous works in theology, hagiography, grammar, rhetoric and music; he also wrote Breviarium de dictamine, a treatise on the epistolar art and Flores rhetorici, systematic exposition of the ars dictandi (3). Many of his letters appear in the works of Cardinal Pietro Damiano, future saint.

Death. October 17, 1088 (4), Rome. Buried in the basilica of Ss. IV Coronati, Rome.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 135-136; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 822-823, no. VII; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 139, no. 12; Licitra, V. "Il mito di Alberico di Montecassino iniziatore dell Ars dictaminis." Studi Medievali Firenze, 1977, vol. XVIII, no 2, 609-627; Mas Latrie, Louis. Trésor de chronologie d'histoire et de géographie pour l'étude et l'emploi des documents du moyen âge. Paris : Librairie Victor Palmé, 1889, col. 1178, no. 7.

Webgraphy. biography by Anselmo Lentini, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 1 (1960), Treccani; Biographical entry, by Thomas Shahan, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in Italian, Enciclopedia on Line, Treccani; biographical data, in Italian, sapere.it; biography, in Italian, Wikipedia.

(1) This is according to his first and third Italian biographies linked above. His biography in English, also linked above, says that perhaps he was from Trier. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927, p. 139, no. 12 says that he originally was from Trier. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 1, 135, says that there is no certitude to affirm if he was Italian or from Trier.
(2) Some sources doubt or deny this promotion.
(3) Other works are: De rithmis; De barbarismo et solecismo, tropo et scemate; Vita S. Scholasticae; Vita Sancti Dominici (on San Domenico di Sora, abbot), Vita Sancti Aspreni; Passio Sancti Modesti; and Contra Henricum imperatorem de electione Romani Pontificis (now lost), on the dispute between the papacy and the empire.
(4) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927, p. 139, no. 12. His biography in English, linked above; his second biography in Italian, also linked above; and Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 1, 136, say that he died in 1088. His first biography in Italian, linked above, says that he died in 1005. His third biography in Italian, also linked above, says that he died in 1100.

(13) 13. GIOVANNI (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in a consistory celebrated in 1058; his deaconry is not known.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cristofori, Francesco. Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888, p. 284; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 139, no. 14.