(21) 1. GIOVANNI (?-1095)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Porto in 1066. Consecrated (no information found); during his episcopate there were two intruding bishops in his see, Pietro and Giovanni, named by Antipope Clement III. Subscribed a papal bull issued in June 1068. Attended the dedication of the church of Montecassino on October 1, 1071. Participated in the papal election of 1073, in which Pope Gregory VII was elected. He remained loyal to Pope Gregory VII during the schism of Antipope Clement III. Participated in the papal election of 1086, in which Pope Victor III was elected. Participated in the papal election of 1088, celebrated in Terracina, in which Pope Urban II was elected. On March 19, 1094, he attended the episcopal consecration in Rome of Lambert, bishop of Arras. On April 5, 1094, he was with the papal entourage in Rome. Subscribed a papal bull issued in February 1095. Later that year, he accompanied Pope Urban II in northern Italy and France. In March 1095, he signed papal bulls in Piacenza. On September 11, 1095, he was in Tarascon, near Avignon; and on September 13, in Avignon itself. On November 18, 1095, he attended the Council of Clermont, where the first Crusade was preached.

Death. After December 13 or 14, 1095, St-Flour. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 146; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 837, no. III; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 141, no. 4; Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 120-121, no. 4; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 115, no. 6; Mas Latrie, Louis. Trésor de chronologie d'histoire et de géographie pour l'étude et l'emploi des documents du moyen âge. Paris : Librairie Victor Palmé, 1889, col. 1179, no. 3; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 566.

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