(1) 1. COLMIEU, Pierre de (?-1253)
Birth. (No date found), near Colmier, diocese of Langres, France (1). Of an ancient and noble family of Provence. He is also listed as Petrus de Collemedio; as Pietro de Colmier; and as Pietro de Collemezzo; and his last name is also listed as de Colemezzo; as Colmoyen; and as Colmy.
Education. By 1217, he had the title of magister in theology, probably obtained at the University of Paris.
Early life. Papal subdeacon or chaplain from 1217 to 1236. By 1217, he was an auditor at the papal curia. In 1218, he was part of a legation in England led by Pandolfo da Verraccio, future bishop of Norwich. Shortly after his return, Pope Honorius III sent him to Paris, as papal chaplain, charged with several delicate missions; he was in Paris from December 10, 1220 until May 25, 1226. Professor at the University of Paris in the first decades of the century. Declined the election to the see of Châlons-sur-Marne in 1226. Before 1229, he declined the see of Tours. In 1229, he declined the see of Thérouanne. Entered the service of Cardinal legate Romano Bonaventura at the end of 1229; he became the representative of the cardinal in the legation against the Albigenses. Chaplain or canon of the cathedral chapter of Thérouanne in 1229. In 1230, he became nuncio in the south of France; with great energy he dedicated himself to solve the arduous political-religious problems of the region, especially to consolidate the peace signed on April 12, 1229 between King Louis IX of France and Count Raymund of Toulouse, in which he had taken an active part. Provost of the collegiate church of Notre-Dame de Saint-Omer from February 21, 1230 until December 1236.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Rouen by its cathedral chapter; April 4, 1236; confirmed by the pope, August 12, 1236; occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate; a part of the cathedral chapter postulated him again but the pope did not accept and named Odo Clément, a canon of that cathedral chapter as the new archbishop. Consecrated, August 9, 1236, in Rouen, by Guillaume Otilles, bishop of Avranches, assisted by Guillaume de Pont de l’Arche, bishiop of Evreux, and by (no information found). While navigating to Rome to participate in a council, together with several other bishops, he was taken prisoner by Enzio, illegitimate son of Emperor Friedrich II, on May 1, 1241; at the instance of King Louis IX of France, his life was spared; several others of his entourage were killed; he was freed in 1243. In August-September 1243, he was sent, with two future cardinals, before Emperor Friedrich II to try to obtain a truce in the hostilities.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Albano in the consistory of May 28, 1244. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 23, 1245 and June 11, 1352. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). Legate in Germany and Belgium from 1250 until January 28, 1251; he entered Lyon the following February 17. He accompanied Pope Innocent IV in his return trip to Italy. Named legate in Puglia in April 1252. Legate in Tuscany, with Cardinal Guglielmo Fieschi, in August 1252.
Death. May 25, 1253, senex ac debilitate confectus (consumed by age and weakness), after celebrating Mass in the church of S. Francesco, Assisi (2). His body was transferred to Rouen and buried in the metropolitan cathedral.
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 262-264; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 115; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 217-221; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 119; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7, 35 and 425; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 168-185; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Die Polemik der Bettelorden um den Tod des Kardinals Peter von Collemezzo (1253). Sigmaringen : Thorbecke, 1983. Note: Aus: Aus Kirche und Reich / hrsg. von Hubert Mordek.
Webgraphy. His engraving and biography, in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat, par François Duchesne, 2 vols., Paris : F. Duchesne, 1660, in French, I, 217-221, Gallica; engravings and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p.
119, which says that other sources indicate that he was born in Collemezzo, near Frosinone; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I,
pt. 2, 262-263, says that he was born in Collemezzo, province of the Roman Campagna, and not in France, as Chacón says; nor in Perugias or in Naples, as other sources indicate;
Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 168-171, extensively discusses the origin of the cardinal and concludes
considering him an Italian.
(2) This is according to Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 180; Cardella,
Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 263-264, says that the cardinal went with the pope to a Franciscan convent to consecrate an
altar and that after he celebrated the solemn Mass, when leaving one of the rooms of the convent, one of the middle beams broke and fell and hit the cardinal on the head, killing
him instantly; Cardella adds that Luca Vandigo, in his Annali dell'Ordine dei Minori, III, no. 5, 1254, rejects and refutes the calunnia di chi scrisse, essere
cotale infortunio avvenuto, perchè il Cardinale mal soffriva l'Ordine Serafico (the slander written, that the accident happened because the cardinal could not suffer the
Seraphic Order).
(2) 2. MODENA, O.Carth., Guglielmo di (ca. 1184-1251)
Birth. Ca. 1184, Piedmont. He is also listed as Guglielmo only; as William of Sabina; as Guglielmo da Sabina; as Guglielmo de Chartreaux; as Guglielmo de Savoy; and as Guilelmus de Sabaudia.
Education. Entered the Order of the Carthusians at a young age (1). He had the title of magister.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Apostolic notary, 1211-1216. Named vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church between December 13, 1219 and February 24, 1220; as such, countersigned the papal bulls issued between April 9, 1220 and April 3, 1222; he occupied the post until at least this last date.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Modena probably in May 1222; resigned the see on September 21, 1233. Consecrated by Pope Honorius III (no further information found); he was the first bishop of that diocese nominated directly by the pope. From May 4, 1224 until the following month of September, he was inquisitor in Lombardy, together with the bishop of Brescia. On December 31, 1224, he was named legate in Livonia (the Baltic countries) to evangelized its inhabitants; he instituted canons as his vicars in Modena. Probably in the fall of 1228 and certainly before July 18, 1229, he was named legate in Denmark, Sweden and Prussia, where he organized the crusade against Emperor Friedrich II and the evangelization of the Baltic countries helped by some Dominican friars; returned to Rome at the beginning of 1230; after reporting about his legation, he went back to his diocese and remained there until his resignation. Named legate a latere in Livonia on February 9, 1234 to establish the hierarchy and name the bishops. Apostolic penitentiary from January 1236 until September 24, 1243. In August-September 1243, he was part of a legation of peace sent before Emperor Friedrich II by the new Pope Innocent IV; future Cardinals Pierre de Colmieu and Guillaume de Talliante, O.S.B.Clun., were also part of the legation. He collaborated in the process of canonization of Saint Dominic in the pontificate of Pope Gregory IX.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Sabina in the consistory of May 28, 1244. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between June 22, 1244 and February 17, 1251. He accompanied Pope Innocent IV in his escape from Rome to Sutri and Civitavecchia in 1244; from Civitavecchia, he embarked with the pontiff to Genoa on July 7 of that year. On July 15, 1244, he was named again legate in the Baltic countries; he never went in this legation because his presence in the curia was indispensable and instead, his chaplain Enrico, O.P., future bishop of Coira, was sent as nuncio; the cardinal stayed in Lyon. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). Named legate a latere in Sweden and Norway on October 30 (or November 3), 1246; a few days before, Pope Innocent IV had announced the legation to the king of Norway the visit of the legate; the cardinal did not depart immediately because on November 9 he subscribed a papal privilege in Lyon; he probably left between March and April 1247; the main objective of the legation was the coronation of the new Norwegian King Haakon; and also to defend the region against the influence of the emperor; on November 1, 1248, during the return trip, the cardinal legate was present in Aachen at the ceremony of coronation of the newly elected King Wilhelm of Holland. On January 30, 1249, he consecrated a church in Lyon. From September 5, 1249 and May 13, 1250, he retired to a Carthusian monastery. During his final months in the papal curia, he took care of the affairs of the northern countries given his expertise on the region.
Death. March 31, 1251, Lyon (2). Buried in the church of the Dominicans in that city (3); his good friend Cardinal Oddone de Monferrato was already buried in that church.
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 264-265; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 116-117; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 119-120; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7, 38 and 353; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 186-197.
Webgraphy. Biography by Luigi Canetti, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 60 (2003), Treccani; his seal and biography, in Spanish, Wikipedia; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) Some sources either ignore or doubt that he entered the order.
(2) This is according to Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana
Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 265; and Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 196; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux.
Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 120, says that he died in Orvieto. His biography in Italian, linked above, says
that he died on March 31, 1251 or probably between March 14 and April 19, 1251.
(3) This is the text of his epitaph. taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ
Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, 117:
(3) 3. CHÂTEAUROUX, Eudes de (ca. 1190-1273)
Birth. Ca. 1190, Châteauroux-en-Berry, archdiocese of Bourges, France. His brother Hugues was bishop of Poitiers from 1259 to 1271. He is also listed as Ottone de Castro Rodolfi da Cháteroux; and as Odo de Castro Radulfi; and his first name is laso listed as Odon. He was called Cardinal Candidus or Blancus, some say because of the color of his religious habit (1).
Education. Studied at the University of Paris during the first decade of the 13th century; obtained the title of magister ca. 1229.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Professor at the University of Paris by 1229. Chancellor of the University of Paris until his promotion to the cardinalate (?). Canon of the cathedral chapter of Paris, December 18, 1234 until September 23, 1237; its chancellor from August 12, 1238 until 1244.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Frascati in the consistory of May 28, 1244; received the cardinalitial ring between November 12 and 14, 1244, in Susa, diocese of Turin, Piedmont; he and Cardinal Hugues de Saint-Cher, O.P., met the pope in Piedmont while the curia was being transferred to Lyon; most probably, the two new cardinals had not been able to arrive in Rome for the consistory; the escape of the pope to France had not allowed the celebration of the ceremony at an earlier date. Consecrated (no information found). Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 23 and July 24, 1245; February 25, 1255 and April 1, 1261; January 23, 1262 and January 30, 1264; February 26, 1265 and February 28, 1268; August 31, 1272 and January 13, 1273. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). Named legate in France between July 24, 1245 and March 17, 1246, to preach and prepare the crusade; the legation lasted until February 19, 1248; on November 10, 1245, he publicized his his decision to reform the cathedral chapter of Sens; on November 30, 1245, he was in Cluny with Pope Innocent IV and eleven cardinals; on February 16, 1246, he published some statutes concerning the diocese of Meaux; in July 1246, in the presence of King Louis IX of France, he emitted the sentence concerning the distribution of the inheritance of Giovanna de Constantinople; on December 21, 1247, he condemned the works of Raymund and Jean Bescain; on May 15, 1248, he condemned the Talmud; on June 15, 1248, he took part in the provincial council of the Order of the Friars Minor celebrated in Sens in the presence of the king of France. On February 23, 1248, he was named legate in the Holy Land; he received full legatine powers on July 21, 1248. On the following April 25, he consecrated, in the presence of King Louis IX of France, the upper church of the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. He persuaded the French king to take part in a Crusade and accompanied him in 1248; in Cyprus, he named the Greek bishops and celebrated the feast of the Epiphany; sent messages to the king of the Tartars; returned to Italy in 1254. Did not participate in the papal election of 1254, which elected Pope Alexander IV. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1254. In July 1255, with Cardinals István Báncsa and Hugues de Saint-Cher, O.P., he was charged with the examination of Introductorius in Evangelium aeternum of Gerardo da Borgo S. Donnino, O.F.M. Participated in the papal election of 1261, in which was elected Pope Urban IV. Legate in Limoges in 1254. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X. Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270. Author of homilies for the liturgical seasons and for the feasts of saints.
Death. January 25, 1273, Orvieto. Buried in the church of the Dominicans in that city.
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 266-267; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 117-118; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 222-224; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 120; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7and 38; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 198-212.
Webgraphy. His engraving and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his engraving and biography, in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat, par François Duchesne, 2 vols., Paris : F. Duchesne, 1660, in French, I, 222-224, Gallica; biography, in Italian, Diocesi Suburbicaria Tuscolana; Les Abbés de Grandselve, in French, his biographical entry is listed under "Eudes de Cháteauroux."; his engraving, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) Some sources indicate that he entered the Order of the Cistercians and was abbot of Ourscamp, diocese of Noyon, and also of Grandselve. Other sources do not mention his joining this order; Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 200, says that he was not a Cistercian, citing several contemporary authors, among them historian Cardinal Jean-Baptiste-François Pitra, O.S.B.
(4) 4. BAR, Pierre de (?-1252/1253)
Birth. (No date found), Bar-sur-Aube, northern Bourgogne, France. Of the noble family of the counts of Bar-sur-Aube (1). He is also listed as Pietro da Bar Sur-Aube; as Pedro de Barro; and as Pietro di Barro.
Education. Magister in theology (2).
Early life. Dean of the church of Saint-Marlo, Bar Sur-Aube; he pacified the dispute between the king of Navarra and the chapter of that church. Professor at the University of Paris toward 1230/1231.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). By 1232, he was chancellor of the diocese of Noyon. Author of several sermons.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Marcello in the consistory of May 28, 1244. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between September 27, 1244 and February 25, 1252; and March 5 and June 12, 1252. In the papal curia, he was auditor of several juridical affairs of minor importance. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). Administrator of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina in 1249 or 1250. Between October 9, 1249 and 1250, he was postulated to the see of Noyon by a part of the canons of the cathedral chapter; but Pope Innocent IV indicated that the cardinal's presence in the papal curia was indispensable. Legate a latere in Spain in 1251 (?).
Episcopate. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina between February 25 and March 5, 1252. Consecration (no information found).
Death. Between June 19, 1252 and March 23, 1253, Perugia. Buried, on October 10, 1253, in the church of S. Francesco d'Assisi in Perugia, according to his will.
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 267-268; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 118; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 225-226; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 120; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7, 38 and 43; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 213-221.
Webgraphy. His engraving and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 225-226, Gallica; his image with S.Maddalena, fresco in the basilica of S. Francesco, Assisi; two engravings and his arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) This is according to Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 213; some 17th century sources say
that he was of a little known family.
(2) Several of the early sources say that he entered the Order of the Cistercians and was prior of the monastery of Clairvaux, abbot of the
monastery of Mores and abbot of the monastery of Igny, near Reims. Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 214-216,
indicates that there is no documentary proof of his belonging to the Cistercians and that none of the necrologies of the mentioned monasteries list him either; for these reasons, the
author says that he should be excluded from the list of Cistercian cardinals.
(5) 5. TALLIANTE, O.S.B.Clun., Guillaume de (?-1250)
Birth. (No date found), France (1). He is also listed as Guglielmo dai XII Apostoli; and his last name as Taliante.
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines) Cluniancese in the monastery of Saints Facundo et Primitive, Lyon.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Prior of the monastery of San Juan de Burgos; he went to the Roman Curia to defend himself against accusations formulated by inhabitants of Burgos; he remained in the city for several years and was absolved of any wrongdoing. Abbot of the monastery of San Facundo, León, 1229. Preceptor of the son of King Fernando el Santo of Castilla. At the recommendation of King Fernando, he was sent by the pope in August-September 1243, with Guglielmo di Modena and Pierre de Colmieu (future cardinals), before Emperor Friedrich II to negotiate the peace with the pontiff.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of Ss. XII Apostoli in the consistory of May 28, 1244. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 23, 1245 and September 17, 1249; on August 9, 1250, he signed a privilege from Pope Innocent IV. He joined the pope in Susa while traveling to Lyon. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). Together with Cardinal Hughes de Saint-Cher, he solemnly transferred the body of Saint-Zachary, protomartyr of Gallia, to Vienne, where it was buried in the basilica of the monks of Saint-Pierre.
Death. After August 9, 1250, Lyon. Buried in Lyon.
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 268; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 118; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 227-228; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 120; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7 and 39; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 222-227.
Webgraphy. His arms and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat, par François Duchesne, 2 vols., Paris : F. Duchesne, 1660, I, 227-228, Gallica; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) According to Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 222-223, the sources of the 17th and 18th century say that he was a Frenchman but that there is no documentary proof of this affirmation; the only documentary source concerning his nationality is the chronicle of the monastery of San Facundo, León ( also known as Sahagún), which says that he was not a Spaniard.
(6) 6. TOLEDO, O.Cist., John of (?-1275)
Birth. (No date found), England. He is also listed as John the Englishman; as Giovanni da Toledo; and as John de Tollet; and his last name as Toletus; and as Toleto. Because of the color of his religious habit, he was called Cardinalis Albus.
Education. Studied medicine in Toledo (1). Entered the Order of the Cistercians. Magister in theology and doctor decretorum.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Abbot of L'Epau, in the county of Maine; went to Rome on business of the order, stayed in the city and was made personal physician to the pope.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina in the consistory of May 28, 1244. He encouraged the canonization of Edmund of Abingdon, archbishop of Canterbury, who died in 1240 and was elevated to the altars in 1246. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between September 27, 1244 and July 22, 1254; April 9, 1255 and April 17, 1261; January 23 and April 1, 1262. Mediator between Pope Innocent IV and the king of England. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). Founder of the convent of nuns of S. Giuliana, Perugia. Cardinal protoprete in 1254. He represented the English interests in the papal court; in 1261, he supported King Henry III in his struggle against the domination of the barons; when Richard of Cornwall, brother King Henry III, became "King of the Romans" (German sovereign), the cardinal exerted his influence to have him elected to a senatorial post in Rome. Participated in the papal election of 1254, in which was elected Pope Alexander IV. Participated in the papal election of 1261, in which was elected Pope Urban IV.
Episcopate. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1262. Consecrated (no information found). Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 9, 1263 and January 30, 1264; February 26, 1265 and February 28, 1268; August 31, 1272 and April 1, 1275. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1273. Vicar of Rome in 1274. Protector of the Order of the Cistercian; he encouraged the establishment of schools of theology in each province of the order. He founded monasteries in Rome, Perugia and Viterbo. He was the reputed author of several medical treatises and related matters, among them Liber de conservanda (corporis) sanitate (also called Liber de regimine sanitatis); Littera de toto magisterio, a work in alchemy and chemistry, more than medicine; De aqua gloriosa benedicta, about certain balsamic water which cured several afflictions with only a few drops; Epistola insignis ad nauseam, which has been lost; some satiric verses about the papal election of 1268 and the person of Pope Gregory X; finally, he was the author of a prophecy concerning the visit of Carlo d'Anjou to Italy and the tragic consequences that it would bring to the Church and the empire (2).
Death. July 13, 1275, San Germano. Buried (no information found).
Bibliography. Bellenger, Dominc Aidan and Stella Fletcher. Princes of the church. A history of the English cardinals. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire : Sutton Publishing Ltd., 2001, p. 14-15; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 263-264; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 118-120; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 120; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7, 36 and 43; Heseltine, George Coulehan. The English cardinals. With some account of those of other English-speaking countries. London : Burns Oates & Washbourne, 1931, p. 32; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 228-255; Schofield, Nicholas ; Skinner, Gerard. The English cardinals. Oxford, UK : Family Publications, 2007, p. 31-32; Vinci, Maria Gloria. "Il Cardinale cistercense Giovanni da Toledo († 1275) e gli interessi per la medicina e l'alchimia alla corte dei papi del XIII secolo", in Rivista Cistercense, 17 (2000), 5–32; Williams, Robert Folkestone. Lives of the English cardinals, including historical notices of the papal court, from Nicholas Breakspear (Pope Adrian IV) to Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Legate. 2 vols. Westmead, England : Gregg International, 1969. Responsibility: London, Wm. H. Allen & Co., 1868, I, 281-344.
Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; his arms and portrait, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) This is according to Skinner, The English cardinals, p. 31, which adds that other sources suggest that he was actually a theologian and that he may have been confused with an early physician named Johannes Hispanus, who was also called John of Toledo; Skinner also says that the future cardinal was skilled in alchemy.
(2) There are a few works in the British Museum, attributed to a certain "Iohannes de Toleto" (not identified with certainty as the cardinal), which dealt with practical medicine. They are De virtutibus herbarun; De pleurisi; De raucedine; and De veneno.
(7) 7. SAINT-CHER, O.P., Hugues de (ca. 1190/1200-1263)
Birth. Ca. 1190/1200, Saint-Cher (or Saint-Chef or Saint-Théudere), near Vienne, France. He is also listed as Hugo a Sancto Caro, Ugo da San Caro and Ugo da St-Cher; and his last name as Celidonio, Celidorio, Cheliderio, Saint-Chier, Sancto Caro, S. Jacobo, Sancto Theodorico, de Sabaudia, and Barchionensis.
Education. Studied at the University of Paris; obtained a bachelor degree in theology before November 30, 1225; obtained a doctorate in law before 1226; entered the Order of Preachers (Dominicans) on February 25, 1226 in Paris.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Professor of canon and civil law at the University of Paris; obtained the chair of theology in 1230, after the resignation of Rolando da Cremona, and became the second magister ordinis Praedicatorum. Provincial of his order in France, 1227-1230 and 1236-1244. Director of the Dominican school Saint-Jacques in 1231. Prior of the convent of rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, 1233-1236. Took part in the foundation of a Dominican convent in Barcillonnette (1), Haute-Alpes. Vicar general of his order in 1240.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Sabina in the consistory of May 28, 1244; he was in France at the time of his promotion and started to meet Pope Innocent IV, who was traveling toward Lyon; he and Cardinal Châteroux met the pope in Susa and there they received their cardinalitial insignias. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 23, 1245 and July 22, 1254; April 9, 1255 and April 17, 1261; January 23, 1262 and February 26, 1263. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). In 1247, the pope charged him with the revision of the rule of the Order of the Carmelites. Legate in Germany in 1251 to support the candidacy of King Wilhelm of Holland to the imperial throne, which was vacant because of the death of Emperor Friedrich II; named legate again on November 29, 1253. First cardinal grand penitentiary, 1256 to May 27, 1262. Participated in the papal election of 1254, in which was elected Pope Alexander IV. The pope named him to the cardinalitial commissions charged with the examination of the works of Guy de l'Aumône, Geraro da Borgo S. Donnino and Guglielmo da S. Amore. On February 3, 1255, the pope the pope granted Cardinal Saint-Cher, at his own request, full powers over the Order of Preachers. Participated in the papal election of 1261, in which was elected Pope Urban IV. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velletri in December 24, 1261. Shortly after, he ceded the see to Cardinal Enrico Bartolomei di Susa and kept his title. He was the first Dominican cardinal. He wrote theological works, sermons and probably the Concordance of the Bible of Saint-Louis (divided for the first time in chapters and verses); it was reedited in 1927 by A. de Laborde, of the Institue Catholique de Paris. His biography was written by Vincent Justinien.
Death. March 19 (or 24), 1263, Orvieto. Pope Urban VI and the members of the Sacred College of Cardinals attended his funeral; buried in the church of the Dominicans in that city (2); on December 17, 1263, his incorrupt body was transferred to Lyon and buried on the left side of the main altar of the church of the Dominicans (3). The funeral slab of the cardinal was found in 1862 in Lyon and acquired by a rich antiquarian.
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 269-272; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 120-123; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 229-233; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 120; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7 and 46; Féret, Pierre. La Faculté de théologie de Paris et ses docteurs les plus célèbres : moyen-age. 4 v. Paris : Picard, 1894-1897. Note: Added t.p.: La Faculté de théologie de Paris au moyen-age et ses docteurs les plus célèbres. Other title: Faculté de théologie de Paris au moyen-age et ses docteurs les plus célèbres, I, 349-356; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 256-272; Sassen, J. H. H. Hugo von St. Cher. Seine Tätigkeit als Kardinal 1244-1263. Bonn : Verlag von Peter Hanstein, 1908; Sölch, Gustave Gisbert. Hugo von St. Cher O.P. und die Angfänge der Dominikanerliturgie : eine liturgiegeschichtliche Untersuchung zum "Speculum ecclesiae". Kôln : Albertus-Magnus-Verlag, 1938.
Webgraphy. Biography by Francis Gigot, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in English, Wikipedia; biography by S. M. Deutsch, in English, New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge; bibliography and biography, in English, University of San Diego, California; The Preacher Hugh of Saint Cher: Scripture Study and the Salvation of Souls by Fr. J. M. Sullivan, O.P., Dominican House of Studies, Washington, DC; his engraving and biography, in French, p. 229-233, Bibliothèque Numérique, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Gallica; biography, in French, p. 349-356, Bibliothèque Numérique, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Gallica; his image and biography, in French, Chroniques de Saint-Chef en Dauphine; Actes du colloque "Hugues de Saint-Cher, o p, bibliste et théologien", Paris, Centre d'études du Saulchoir, 13-15 mars 2000, in French; biography by Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz in German, Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon; his image, stained glass window; his image, fresco, former Dominican convent, Treviso; his engraving by Jean-Jacques Boissard, Universität Mannheim; two engravings, portrait and arms, Araldica Vaticana; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, from the same source; his engraving, from the same source; his engraving, from the same source; his engraving also from the same source.
(1) According to Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 258, some sources erroneously say that he
was bishop of Barcelona; and adds that other say that he was archbishop of Lyon but that there is no documentary evidence of either promotion.
(2) This is the text of his epitaph,
taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, 120:
(8) 8. TRANI, Goffredo da (end of the 12th century-1245)
Birth. Toward the end of the 12th century, Trani. He is also listed as Goffredo de Franco; as Geoffrey of Trani; as Goffredo di Trani; as Gottofredo da Trani; as Goffredus de Trani; as Goffredus da Trano; as Goffredus Tranensis; as Gaufridus Castilionaeus; as Goffridus Castillionaeus; and as Goffredo Castiglione.
Education. Studied canon and civil law at the University of Bologna under Azzone, to whom he referes as dominus meus around 1220; among his teachers were Ugolino ("dominus H.") and Simone Vicentino; and in canon law "magnus doctor Damasus"; condisciple of future Pope Innocent IV; had obtained the title of magister by 1227.
Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Trani. Chaplain of Pope Gregory IX, who personally ordained him subdiaconus domini pape and papal chaplain before August 23, 1228. Auditor litterarum contradictarum before July 11, 1240. Obtained the benefices of the parish churches of S. Giacomo al Ponte and S. Gervasio fuori le Mura in Trani. Prebendary of Gainford, diocese of Durham, in 1240; he kept the benefice even after his promotion to the cardinalate. Professor of civil and canon law at the University of Naples before 1243. He wrote Apparatus glossarum in Decretales Gregorii IX , before 1243; then, he completely rewrote the work as Summa super casibus decretorum; he also wrote glosses on eight constitutions of Innocent IV.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Adriano in the consistory of May 28, 1244. Subscribed the papal bulls issued from January 23 to March 21, 1245. Died shortly before the opening of the First Council of Lyon (June 28, 1245).
Death. Between April 3 and June 6, 1245, Lyon. Buried in Lyon.
Bibliography. Bertran, Martin. "Nochmals zum Dekretalenapparat des Goffredus Tranensis", in Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken, LXXXII (2002), 638-662; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 272-273; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 123; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 120; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7 and 48; Kuttner, Stephen. "Der Kardinalat des Gottfried von Trani." Studia et documenta historiae, VI (1940), 124-131; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 273-278.
Webgraphy. Biography by Martin Bertram, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 57 (2001), Treccani; brief biographical entry, in English, Wikipedia; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(9) 9. UBALDINI, Ottaviano (ca. 1213/1214-1273)
Birth. Ca. 1213/1214, Mugello, near Florence. Third of the five children of Ugolino Ubaldini and his wife Adala. His first name is also listed as Attaviano; and as Ottaviano II; and his last name as degli Ubaldini. Another cardinal of the family was Roberto Ubaldini (1615).
Education. Studied law at the University of Bologna.
Early life. Papal chaplain. Apostolic subdeacon; he was ordained personally by Pope Gregory IX. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Bologna, November 4, 1230 to April 19, 1233; its archdeacon before March 15, 1236. Auditor of the Sacred Palace.
Episcopate. Postulated bishop of Bologna by its cathedral chapter, February 21, 1240; because of his age, Pope Gregory IX named him procurator of the diocese on June 17, 1240.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata the consistory of May 28, 1244. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between September 27, 1244 and July 22, 1254; April 9, 1255 and July 3, 1260; January 23, 1262 and February 16, 1263; February 26, 1265 and February 28, 1268. In Genoa, he embarked for Lyon after having joined the pope and several cardinals by land. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). In 1246, the pope granted him all rights over the vacant benefices in Tuscany. On March 8, 1247, from Lyon, he was sent as legate to Lombardy and Romagna to contain the advance of Emperor Friedrich II; during the legation he was supported with great valor and energy by Gregorio da Montelongo; he crossed the Alps with a small escort because Duke Amedeo of Savoy, allied with the emperor, did not allow passage to the army that the cardinal had recruited; he returned to Rome in June 1251. Administrator of the see of Rimini between 1249 and 1250. He was again named legate in Lombardy, Romagna and Aquileia in November 1251; he returned on February 25, 1253. Participated in the papal election of 1254, in which was elected Pope Alexander IV. Named legate a latere in Sicily between January 25 and 29, 1255; he did not leave immediately for his legation and instead sent as his representative Rufino da Piacenza, O.F.M., papal chaplain and penitentiary; he remained in Naples with Pope Alexander IV to take part in person in the fight against Manfredo, who had seized that kingdom; the cardinal was defeated; he signed a peace accord with Manfredo, which the pope did not ratify; the cardinal was then accused of treason; later, he was accused in Florence of acting in connivance with Tesauro Beccaria to concede the government to the Ghibellines. Protector of the Camaldolense and Vallombrosan Benedictine congregations. Legate in France ca.1260; he opposed the investiture of Carlo d'Anjou as king of Sicily. Participated in the papal election of 1261, in which was elected Pope Urban IV. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. He accompanied Carlo d'Anjou up to the bridge of Ceprano. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X; he was one of the six cardinals to whom it was entrusted the election of the new pope by compromise. He accompanied the new pope from Viterbo to Rome.
Death. Between March 5 and 13, 1273, Rome. His body was transferred to Mugello and buried in the exterior portico of the church of S. Maria di Fagna; n 1592, his sepulchre was moved to the interior of the church. In 1763, during the restoration of the church, his sepulchre was found.
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 273-276; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 123-125; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 121-122; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7 and 52; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 279-299; Registri dei cardinali Ugolino d'Ostia e Ottavio degli Ubaldini (sec. XIII). Roma : Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo, 1890. (Fonti per la storia d'Italia, 8).
Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; biography by Wilhelm Kohl, in German, his portrait by Cristofano dell'Altissimo, Pinterest; portraits and arms, Araldica Vaticana; plaque in the house where he resided in Bologna, Chie era costui; his portrait, secolo XVIII (1750-1799), ambito bolognese, regione ecclesiastica Emilia Romagna, diocese Bologna, Beni Ecclesiastici in Web (BeWeB).
(10) 10. CAPOCCI, Pietro (ca. 1200-1259)
Birth. Ca. 1200, Rome. Of a noble family from the rione de' Monti of that city. Son of Giacomo di Giovanni Capocci, Roman proconsul in 1254, and Vinia, who the historiographical tradition attributes to the Orsini family. Relative of Pope Honorius III. His family was related to the grand Roman families of the Savelli, Cenci, Colonna and Papazurri; and perhaps to the Orsini and Anibaldi families too. His las name is also listed as Caputius; as Capucius; as Caboche; as Capote; and as de Capociis.
Education. " ... insigne non meno per l'illibatezza de' costumi, che por la profondità della scienza ... " (1). He had the title of magister by 1243 (perhaps it was an honorary title).
Early life. As hostiarius papae of Pope Honorius III, he controlled the direct access to the pontiff. Entered in the army at a young age and valiantly defended Pope Gregory IX against the attacks of the Romans, who had rebelled against the pontiff; and helped recover Sabina and the city and territory of the Patrimony of Saint Peter. Later, he went to Lyon. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Prebendary of the church of Guilden Morden, Cambridgeshire on July 7, 1222.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S Giorgio in Velabro in the consistory of May 28, 1244. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between September 27, 1244 and May 31, 1253; July 13, 1255 and April 30, 1259. He went to Genoa with the pope on their way to Lyon. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). Named legate in Germany on March 15, 1247 for the election of a new king; the legation lasted at least until November 2, 1248. Rector, and later on April 7, 1249, legate, in the four provinces of the Papal States: Marca Anconitana, Sabina, Campagna e Marittima and the duchy of Spoleto; as such, he headed the papal army against Emperor Friedrich II, who defeated the cardinal in Cingoli; at the same time, he was also legate in Sicily, where he fought again the troops of the emperor; the legation ended on October 18, 1251. Administrator of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina in 1249. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica toward 1254. He accompanied Pope Innocent IV to Italy. Legate a latere in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Pomerania and Poland on April 13, 1254; the legation ended on April 9, 1255. Did not participate in the papal election of 1254, in which was elected Pope Alexander IV, because he was in his legation in Germany. Founded in Rome the hospital S. Antonio Abate (2). In the site of his house in Rome was founded the church of S. Maria in Via.
Death. May 19/21, 1259, Rome. Buried in the chapel of S. Barbara, which he had built, in the patriarchal Liberian basilica.
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 276-278; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 125-128; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 121; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7 and 50; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 301-315.
Webgraphy. Biography by Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 18 (1975), Treccani; biography, in German, Wikipedia; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; his image on a mural by Silvio Galimberti, ambito laziale, regione ecclesiastica Lazio, diocesi Palestrina, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); The Capocci family, in Danish, Annas Rom Guide.
(1) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 276: famous no less for the purity of his customs than for the
profundity of the secience.
(2) This is the text of the inscription commemorating the foundation, taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et
S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 127:
(11) 11. ORSINI, Giovanni Gaetano (ca. 1210/1220-1280)
Birth. Ca. 1210/1220, Rome. Son of Senator Matteo Rosso "il Grande" Orsini and Perna Caetani. His first name is also listed as Giangaetano. Because of his seriousness and the gravity of his behavior in his adolescence, he was called "il Composto". Brother of Cardinal Giordano Orsini (1278). Uncle of Cardinal Matteo Orsini (1262). His family gave the Church several popes and cardinals: Celestine III (1191-1198); Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P. (1278); Benedict XIII (1724-1730); Napoleone Orsini (1288); Francesco Napoleone Orsini (1295); Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (1316); Matteo Orsini, O.P. (1327); Rinaldo Orsini (1350); Giacomo Orsini (1371); Poncello Orsini (1378); Tommaso Orsini (1383?); Giordano Orsini, iuniore (1405); Latino Orsini (1448); Cosma Orsini, O.S.B. (1480); Giovanni Battista Orsini (1483); Franciotto Orsini (1517); Flavio Orsini (1565); Alessandro Orsini (1615); Virginio Orsini, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1641); and Domenico Orsini d'Aragona (1743).
Education. (No information found).
Early life. He obtained benefices in York, Soissons and Lyon. In Rome, he received the administration of S. Lorenzo in Damaso and of S. Crisogono.
Cardinalate. Created deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano in the consistory of May 28, 1244. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between September 27, 1244 and July 22, 1254; April 10, 1255 and July 3, 1260; January 23, 1262 and January 30, 1264; February 26, 1265 and February 28, 1268; August 31, 1272 and May 23, 1273. He was one of the five cardinals who accompanied Pope Innocent IV when the pontiff escaped to Lyon in 1244. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). Legate in Florence in 1252 to mediate between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. Participated in the papal election of 1254, in which was elected Pope Alexander IV. Protector of the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans). Legate in France in 1258. Participated in the papal election of 1261, in which was elected Pope Urban IV. Legate in the provinces of Sabina and Campagna. First cardinal grand inquisitor ca. 1262. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. On June 28, 1265, together with three other cardinals, he invested Carlo d'Anjou as king of Sicily. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X; he was one of the six cardinals to whom it was entrusted the election of the new pope by compromise. Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica on October 18, 1276. Cardinal protodeacon in 1276. Did not participate in the first conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Participated in the second conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V; he crowned the new pope. Legate in Viterbo in 1276, together with two other cardinals to quiet the grave discord between Emperor Rudolph and King Carlo d'Anjou of Sicily. Participated in the third conclave of 1276, which elected Pope John XXI; he crowned the new pope. Participated in the conclave of 1277 and was elected pope.
Papacy. Elected pope on November 25, 1277. Took the name Nicholas III. Ordained priest and consecrated bishop of Rome in the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Crowned, December 26, 1277, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Giacomo Savelli, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. He created nine cardinals in one consistory.
Death. August 22, 1280, Soriano, near Viterbo. Buried, the following Sunday, in the chapel of S. Nicola, which he had built in the patriarchal Vatican basilica.
Bibliography. Allegrezza, Franca. "Niccolò III." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 437-446; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 278-279; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 128 and 215-230; Del Re, Niccolò. "Niccolò III." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p. 729-730; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 121; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7, 9-10 and 52; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 201-202; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 314-328.
Webgraphy. Biography by Franca Allegrezza, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 78 (2013), Treccani; biography by Nicholas Weber, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; his image and biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; his image, arms and biography, in German, Wikipedia; his image and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana; passage of "The Divine Comedy" of Dante Alighieri, in whic the auhtor places the pope in the inferno, Società Dante Alighieri; his genealogy, A3 B2 C4 D4 E1 F1, Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà Mediterranea; the pope receiving the envoys of King Rodolfo I of the Romans, illustration, The Vatican Secret Archives; his portrait by Giuseppe Franchi (1617), Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan; part of his funeral monument, grotto of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, romeartlover.it; the rest of the monument has been lost; his engraving, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek.
(12) 12. FIESCHI, Guglielmo (ca. 1210/1220-1256)
Birth. Ca. 1210/1220, Genoa. Of the counts of Lavagna. Son of Obizzo (or Oppizone; or Opizzo) Fieschi and his wife Simona. Nephew of Pope Innocent IV, on his father's side. The family gave the Church two popes and several cardinals; Adrian V (1276); Luca Fieschi (1300); Giovanni Fieschi (1378); Ludovico Fieschi (1384); Giorgio Fieschi (1439); Niccolò Fieschi (1503); Lorenzo Fieschi (1706); and Adriano Fieschi (1834).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Eustachio in the consistory of May 28, 1244. He accompanied the pope in his precipitous escape from Rome and went with him to Genoa. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between September 27, 1244 and July 4, 1254; April 9 and August 28, 1255. Participated in the First Council of Lyon (1245). He accompanied the pope in his return trip to Italy. On August 26, 1256, he was named legate in Tuscany, with Cardinal Pierre de Colmieu, to obtain a truce in the hostilities between Guelphs and Ghibellines. Legate in the province of Patrimony. Legate in Bologna. Protector of the Order of the Servants of Mary in 1251. Protector of the Order of the Umiliati in 1253. He founded in Chiavari, Lavagna, a convent of Franciscan nuns. Protector and reformer of the Order of the Hermits of Saint Augustine. On September 2, 1254, he was named legate in the kingdom of Sicily in order to resist the plans of Manfredo to dominate the realm; he was defeated by Manfredo in Foggia in December 1254; he resigned the legation at the death of his uncle Pope Innocent IV. Participated in the papal election of 1254, in which was elected Pope Alexander IV.
Death. Before May 1, 1256, Rome. Buried in a splendid marble monument on the left side of the door of the basilica of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura, Rome (1).
Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 279-281; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 128-129; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 121; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7 and 49; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 329-340.
Webgraphy. Biography by Andreas Kiesewetter, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 47 (1997), Treccani; his portrait by Giuseppe Franchi (1613), Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan, Lombardia Beni Culturali; his sarcophagus, basilica of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura, Rome, agefotostock.com; his sarcophagus, Basilica of S. Lorenzo fuori lemura, Rome, Rome Art Lover (sixth image on page); detail of his tomb, The Australian National University; another detail of his tomb, The Australian National University; his engraving, portrait and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) This is the text of his epitaph, taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 129:
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