(13) 1. CASTELL'ARQUATO, Giacomo da (?-1253)

Birth. (No date found), Castell'arquato (1). Of the noble family della Porta from Piacenza. Probably nephew of Cardinal Giacomo da Pecorara, O.Cist. (1231), on his mother's side. He is also listed as Herbert de la Porte; as Jacobus Herebertus de Porta; as Jacobus de Porta; as Jacobus della Porta; as Jacques Herbert; as Jacopo Ereberto della Porta; as Giacomo della Porta; as Giacomo dalla Porta; as Jacobus Herebertus de Porta; and as Iacobus Herebertus (2).

Education. In his youth, he was at the service of Cardinal Pecorara as alumnus (3).

Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Piacenza.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Mantua in 1238; occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate. Consecrated (no information found). He introduced in the diocese the Order of the Carmelites; he invited Blessed Agnese, sister of S. Chiara d'Assisi to head a convent of Clarise nuns, which he had founded outside the walls of the city; he also founded the hospital of S. Maria Nova in Cittadella di Porto, Mantua.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina of in the consistory of December 1251 (4). Subscribed the papal bulls issued between April 20, 1252 and October 5, 1253. With Cardinal Ottobono Fieschi, he took care of a question concerning some prebends promised to Vice-chancellor Guglielmo, and of the election of the bishop of Torcello.

Death. November 19, 1253 (5), Rome. Buried in the chapel of Saint-Malachias in the monastery of Clairvaux, next to the tomb of Cardinal Giacomo da Pecorara, O.Cist.

Bibliography. Campi, Pietro Maria. Historia universale cosi delle cose ecclesiastiche, come secolari di Piacenza, et altre città d'Italia. 3 vols. Piacenza : Stampa Camerale di Giovanni Bazachi, 1651-1662, II, 147, col. 1, and 210; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 284-285; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 131; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 121-122; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7, 36 and 325; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 234-235; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 343-348.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography, in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat, par François Duchesne, 2 vols., Paris : F. Duchesne, 1660, in French, I, 234-235, Gallica; biographical data, in Historia universale cosi delle cose ecclesiastiche, come secolari di Piacenza, et altre città d'Italia, in 2 partes, del canonico Pietro Maria Campi, Éditeur : Giovanni Bazachi (Piacenza), 1659, in Italian, II, 210, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria, Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek.

(1) This is according to Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, II, 343; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 122; Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 131; and his biography in French, linked above say that he was born in France; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 284, says that he was born in Piacenza.
(2) Several sources seem to mix and confuse some of these characters in the name.
(3) Several sources say that he entered the Order of the Cistercians.
(4) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 121; and Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 129; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 281, says that the consistory was celebrated in December 1250; Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, II, 3441 and 345, says that the consistory took place in February 1252.
(5) This is according to Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, II, 346; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 122, also says that he died in 1253; Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 131; and his biography in French, linked above say that he died in 1254; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, II, 7 and 36, says that he died in 1255.

(14) 2. BÁNCSA, István (?-1270)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Palestrina in the consistory of December 1251 (2). Administrator in spiritualibus et temporalibus of the see of Esztergom from December 31, 1252 until June 7, 1253; and again, for a short time, in 1254. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between February 25, 1253 and July 22, 1254; April 10, 1255 and April 1, 1261; January 22, 1262 and January 30, 1264; February 26, 1265 and February 28, 1268. Named legate to Hungary and Slavonia on May 5, 1253. Participated in the papal election of 1254, in which was elected Pope Alexander IV. Participated in the inquiry commission of "Introductorius in Evangelium aeternum" in 1255. Did not participate in the papal election of 1261, in which was elected Pope Urban IV; he was in Hungary. Protector of the Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) of the nuns of S. Chiara, 1261-1265. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X; died during its celebration. He was the first cardinal of Hungarian origin.

Death. July 9, 1270, Rome (3). Buried in the church of S. Balbina, Rome.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 285-286; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 131; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 122; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7, 37, 464 and 541; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova, Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 349-357; Tusor, Péter. Purpura Pannonica : az esztergomi "bíborosi szék" kialakulásának elozminyei a 17. században = Purpura Pannonica : the "Cardinalitial See" of Strigonium and its Antecedens in the 17th Century. Budapest : Róma : Research Institute of Church History at Péter Pázmány Catholic University, 2005. (Collectanea Vaticana Hungariae, Classis I, vol. 3.; Variation: Collectanea Vaticana Hungariae ; Classis I, vol. 3), 43 and 316.

Webgraphy. Biography, in Hungarian, Magyar Katolicus Lexikon; biography, in Hungarian, Magyar Elektronikus Köyvtár; biography, in Hungarian, Magyar Elektronikus Köyvtár; his engraving and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his image, stained glass window, cathedral of Chartres, France, Magyar Elektronikus Köyvtár; another view of the same image, one third down the page, Magyar Elektronikus Köyvtár; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 285: "commendable for his vast literature".
(2) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 122; and Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 7 and 37; the electronic Hungraian sources, linked above, indicate that he was created cardinal in 1252; and the first one of them says that the creation took place on March 25, 1252; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 285, says that the promotion took place in December 1252 or in 1253; Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 131, indicates that the creation took place in 1252; Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, II, 3441 and 345, says that the consistory took place in February 1252.
(3) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 122; and Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 7 and 37; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 286, says that he died in 1269 and adds that another source indicates that the cardinal died on July 10, 1266; his first biography in Hungarian, linked above says that he died in 1266 or on July 10, 1268; his second biography in Hungarian, linked above, says that he died in 1267 or 1268; and his third biography in Hungarian, also linked above, indicates that he died in 1266.

(15) 3. FIESCHI, Ottobono (ca. 1205/1215-1276)

Birth. Ca. 1205/1215, Genoa. Of the counts of Lavagna. Sixth of the ten children of Teodisco Fieschi and his wife Simona. Nephew of Pope Innocent IV, on his father's side. His last name is also listed as Flisco. The family gave the Church two popes and several cardinals: Guglielmo Fieschi (1244); Luca Fieschi (1300); Giovanni Fieschi (1378); Ludovico Fieschi (1384); Giorgio Fieschi (1439); Niccolò Fieschi (1503); Lorenzo Fieschi (1706); and Adriano Fieschi (1834).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Papal chaplain. Chancellor and archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Reims. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Paris. Archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Parma.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Adriano in the consistory of December 1251 (1). Participated in the papal election of 1254, which elected Pope Alexander IV. He successfully intervened in the defense of Giovanni da Parma, O.F.M., who resigned the post of general of the Franciscan Order because of the publication in Paris of Introductious in evangelium aeternum (1254) by Gerardo da Borgo San Damiano, O.F.M., and had been accused of heresy before Bonaventura O.F.M. and imprisoned in 1259. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, 1259-1276. Participated in the papal election of 1261, in which was elected Pope Urban IV. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. On May 4, 1265, he was named legate in England to support the party of King Henry III and end the war with the barons; he opposed the repression exercised by the monarch and was imprisoned in the Tower of London by Robert of Glover; he was freed by Prince Edward of Wales; he resumed the effort to try to bring peace between the two parties, (Dictum of Kenilworth) of October 31, 1266; in a synod celebrated in Northampton, probably in 1267, he condemned those opposed to the king; confirmed the concession of Pope Clement IV; and reorganized the ecclesiastical hierarchy in England. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X. He had an abbey built in Trigoso, near Genoa, which was the see of the counts of Lavagana in the Middle Ages. Participated in the first conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Participated in the second conclave of 1276 and was elected pope.

Papacy. Elected pope on July 11, 1276. Took the name Adrian V in memory of his predecessor Pope Adrian IV, the only English pontiff. Died without having been ordained priest, consecrated bishop or crowned pope. He did not create any cardinals.

Death. August 18, 1276, Viterbo. Buried in the Franciscan church, Viterbo.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 281-284; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 129-130; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 122; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 7, 9 and 48; Gatto, Ludovico. "Adriano V." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 425-427; Ilari, Annibale. "Adriano V, papa." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p. 30; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 199-200; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova, Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), I, 358-379; Schöpp, Natalie. Papst Hadrian V. (Kardinal Ottobuono Fieschi). Heidelberg : C. Winter, 1916 (Heidelberger Abhandlungen zur mittleren und neueren Geschichte ; hft. 49).

Webgraphy. Biographical entry by James Loughlin, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; his funeral statue and biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; biography by Ludovico Gatto, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 1 (1960), Treccani; his engraving, arms and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his portrait, arms and biographical entry, in Italian, Wikipedia; his engraving, arms and biographical entry, in Spanish, Wikipedia; his engraving, Bildindex der Kunst und Architektur des Bildarchivs Foto, Marburg, Germany; his arms and engraving as a cardinal, Araldica Vaticana; his engraving as a pope, Araldica Vaticana; his tomb, Franciscan church, Viterbo, Tutti i Papi by Marco Lodi; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his image, fresco, at the bottom of the mural, basilica of S. Salvatore dei Fieschi (Cogorno), Wikimedia.

(1) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 121; and Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 129; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, , I, pt. 2, 281, says that the consistory was celebrated in December 1250; Gatto, Ludovico. "Adriano V." Enciclopedia dei papi, II, 425; Ilari, "Adriano V, papa." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente, p. 30; and Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, p. 200, say that he was created cardinal in 1251, without mentioning the day and month; Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 341 and 345, says that the consistory took place in February 1252.

CARACCIOLO, Berardo (?-1255)

Webgraphy. His genealogy, A3 D3 H1, Libro d'Oro della Nobilità Mediterranea; his tomb, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, The Australian National University.

(1) This is according to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 129; and Francesco Cristofori, Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa (Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888), p. 286; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 122. says that he is confused with Bernardo Caracciolo Rossi (subdeacon; dean of the church of Patras; elected archbishop of Naples on January 12, 1252; administrator of the suburbicarian see of Sabina on December 16, 1252; died on October 5, 1262); Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, pp. 7, n. 6; and p. 38, n. 4, says that he was not a cardinal; Pius Bonifatius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae (3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957), p. 904, does not mention his promotion to the cardinalate; Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, II, 521-522, also denies that he was ever a cardinal; his genealogy, linked above, says that ancient sources indicate that he was a cardinal but that the information is without foundation.
(2) This is according to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 129; his genealogy, linked above, says that he died in 1255.
(3) This is the inscription in his tomb, taken from the photograph of the same, linked above:

GRILLO, Ottone (?-after 1254)

Birth. (No date found), Genoa. Relative of Pope Innocent IV, on his mother's side.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 1252; his deaconry is unknown (1). Legate of Pope Innocent IV in Germany for the election of the emperor. Does not appear as signatory of any papal bulls. Pope Alexander IV sent him in a second legation to Germany during which he died while negotiating with the electors of the emperor.

Death. After the election of Pope Alexander IV in 1254, in Germany. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 286-287; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 131; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 122; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 7, n. 6; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova, Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), II, 533-534.

Webgraphy. Famiglia Grillo, in Italian, Wikipedia.

(1) Both Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 7, n. 6; and Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, II, 533, deny that he was ever a cardinal.

RIGAUD, O.F.M., Eudes (ca. 1200/1205-1275)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal (1). Does not appear as signatory of any papal bulls. Participated in the Second Council of Lyon in 1274; he participated in the defense of the mendicant orders.

Death. July 2, 1275, Gaillon-sur-Seine. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Rouen.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 289-290; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 133-134; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 122; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. ; Féret, Pierre. La Faculté de théologie de Paris et ses docteurs les plus célèbres : moyen-age. 4 v. Paris : Picard, 1894-1897. Note: Added t.p.: La Faculté de théologie de Paris au moyen-age et ses docteurs les plus célèbres. Other title: Faculté de théologie de Paris au moyen-age et ses docteurs les plus célèbres, II, 303-312; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova, Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), II, 533.

Webgraphy. Biography, in English, encyclopdedia.com; bibliography and biography, in French, Franciscan Authors, 13th - 18th Century: A Catalogue in Progress, a co-production of Maarten van der Heijden and Bert Roest; biography in La Faculté de théologie de Paris et ses docteurs les plus célèbres. Moyen âge. [Volume 2] / by l'abbé Pierre Feret (1830-1911). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 303-312, Gallica.

(1) This is according to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 133-134; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, denies that he was promoted to the cardinalate; Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, I, 533, also says that he was never promoted to the cardinalate; none of the electronic sources linked above mention the promotion to the cardinalate.

GAETANI, Goffredo (?-?)

Birth. (No date found), Pisa. Son of Corrado Gaetani, viceroy of Sicily. Relative of Pope Innocent IV. He is also listed as Goffredo Pisano; his first name as Goffridus and as Gotifredus; and his last name as Caetani.

Education. He studied canon law.

Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Palermo in 1248. Apostolic subdeacon. Scriptor of the Holy Roman Church.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of Ss. Sergio e Bacco in the consistory of December 1252 (1).

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 287; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 132; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 122; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 7, n. 6; Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254. 2 vols. Padova, Antenore, 1972. (Italia sacra, 18-19), II, 528-529.

(1) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 122, which says that Genovese historians like Federico Federici and Giovanni Spataflora affirm his cardinalate; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, p. 7, n. 6, doubts his promotion to the cardinalate; Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254, II, 528, says that no contemporary documents attest to his existence and he does not appear in the registry of Pope Innocent IV either; therefore, he concludes, he does not have any reason to believe that he even existed.

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