The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
Pope Urban IV (1261-1264)
Consistory of December 17, 1261 (I)
Celebrated in Viterbo


(1) 1. FOUCOIS, Gui (ca. 1190/1200-1268)

Birth. Ca. 1190/1200, Sanit-Gilles-sur-Rhône, diocese of Nîmes, France. Son of Pierre Foucois, a successful lawyer, and Marguerite Ruffi. After the death of the cardinal's mother, the father entered the Order of the Carthusians, where he died and was buried after 1210. He is also listed as Gui Faucoi le Gros; as Guy Foulques the Fat; as Guido Le Gros; and as Guido Fulcodi il Grosso. His last name is also listed as Fulcodii; as Fulcadi; as Fulcaudi; as Folcadio; as Foulquet; as Fulcoy; as Foucault; as Fulcoli; as Foulquois; as Foulquoys; as Foulques; as Foulquet; as Fulchox; as Fouquet; as Folqueys; as Folquet; as Faucauly; as Grossus; and as Le Gros (perhaps a nickname because of his weight).

Education. Studied law in Toulouse, Bourges and Orléans.

Early life. At 19, he enrolled in Spain to fight against the Moors. Later, he pursued his studies. He became a celebre advocate in Paris. Counselor and secretary of King Louis IX of France. He married the daughter of Simon de Malbois and had two daughters, who later became nuns at the abbey of Saint-Sauveur de Nîmes; after the death of his wife, he entered the ecclesiastical state (1).

Sacred orders. He became a cleric in 1247.

Priesthood. Ordained in the abbey of Saint-Magloire, Paris (no further information found). Garde des sceaux of France. Pastor of Saint-Gilles in 1255. Canon and archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Le Puy.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Le Puy by its cathedral chapter in 1257; confirmed by the pope on October 19, 1257; enthroned in January 1258. Consecrated (no information found). Promoted to the metropolitan see of Narbonne, October 10, 1259 occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Sabina in the consistory of December 17, 1261. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 9, 1263 and January 30, 1264. Named grand penitentiary in 1263. On November 22, 1263, he was named legate to England, Wales and Ireland. Did not participate in the papal election of 1264-1265, and was elected pope; at the time of the celebration of the papal election he was in a mission in England.

Papacy. Elected pope in Perugia on February 5, 1265. Took the name Clement IV. Crowned, September 15, 1265, cathedral of S. Pietro in Viterbo, by Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldeschi, O.S.B., protodeacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria. He died without ever visiting Rome. He created one cardinal in one consistory.

Death. November 29, 1268, Viterbo. Buried in the church of S. Francesco, Viterbo.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 292-294; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 156-157 and 165-176; Del Re, Niccolò. "Clemente IV." Monsignor governatore di Roma. Rome : Istituto di Studi Romani Editore, 1972, p. 277-278; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 263-268; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 123; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 8, 38, 91 and 356; Kamp, Norman. "Clemente IV."Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 401-411; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 196-197.

Webgraphy. Biography by Norbert Kamp, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 26 (1982), Treccani; biography by James Loughlin, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; his image and biography, in English, Ecyclopaedia Britannica; his image and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his engraving and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 263-268, Gallica; his portrait, attributed to Giuseppe Franchi, Pinacoteca Amrosiana, Milan; miniature in an illuminated manuscript, crowning King Carlo d'Anjou of Sicily, bnf; his image, 13th century mural, Ministère de la Culture, Paris; another view of the previous image, in color, FranceBalade; two engravings and his arms, as pope and as cardinal, Araldica Vatican; engraving, as pope, Araldica Vaticana; his tomb, church of S. Francesco, Viterbo, Web Gallery of Art.

(1) Some sources indicate that he also became a Carthusian.

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(2) 2. GROSPARMI, Raoul (?-1270)

Birth. (No date found), Périers, diocese of Coutances, France. Of an illustrious family. His first name is also listed as Radulfus; and his last name Grosparmy. He is sometimes identified with Raoul de Chevrières, who was his successor in the see of Evreux, but never a cardinal.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Bayeux. Treasurer of Saint-Frambault (Frambaud or Frambours) de Senlis. Guardian of Saint Fursy de Peronne. Dean of the chapter of Saint-Martin de Tours, archdiocese of Nicosia. Chancellor of King Louis IX of France, future saint, 1253, 1258 and 1260.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Évreux in 1259 (1); resigned the see in 1263. Consecrated, October 19, 1259, church of Saint-Taurin, by Eude Rigaldi, O.F.M., archbishop of Rouen, assisted by Fulco d'Astin, bishop of Lisieux, by Jean d'Essay, bishop of Coutances, and by Thomas d'Aulon, bishop of Sées; in the presence of King Louis IX of France and his children, the archbishop of Reims, the bishop of Orléans, and Simon de Montfort, count of Leicester. Ambassador of France before the pope in 1260.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Albano in the consistory of December 17, 1261. In January 1262, the king of France notified the archbishop of Rouen the promotion to the cardinalate of Bishop Grosparmi. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 9, 1263 until January 30, 1264; and February 26 to November 4, 1265. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. Legate to Sicily in 1265. In 1270, he was named apostolic legate and accompanied King Louis IX of France in his expedition overseas to Tunis to fight the infidels; he died under the walls of that city, during the vacant see of Pope Clement IV.

Death. August 10, 1270, of the plague, Tunis. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Anselme de Sainte-Marie ; Dufourny, Honoré Caille ; Ange de Sainte-Rosalie ; Simplicien. Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne & de la maison du roy: & des anciens barons du royaume: avec les qualitez, l'origine, le progres & les armes de leurs familles; ensemble des statuts & le catalogue des chevaliers, cammandeurs, & officiers de l'ordre du S. Esprit. Le tout dresse sur titres originaux, sur les registres des des chartes du roy, du parlement, de la chambre des comptes & du chatelet des Paris ... & d'autres cabinets curieux. 9 vols. Paris : La Compagnie des libraires, 3. éd., rev., corrigée & augmentée par les soins du P. Ange & du P. Simplicien, 1726-1733, VI, 272; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 297-299; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 157-158; Chassant, Alphonse. "Raoul III (de Grosparmi)." Histoire des évêques d'Évreux : avec des notes et des armoiries. Évreux : Louis Tavernier, 1846, p. 69-71; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 249-255; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 123; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 8, 35 and 234.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, p. 249-255, Gallica; biography in Histoire des évêques d'Évreux : avec des notes et des armoiries / by M. Alphonse Chassant (1808-1907),... et M. G.-E. Sauvage. Auteur du texte, in French, p. 69-71, Gallica; biographical entry in Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la Couronne, de la Maison du Roy et des anciens barons du royaume.... Tome 6 / by par le P. Anselme de Sainte-Marie (1625-1694 ; augustin; continuée par M. Du Fourny Anselme. Auteur du texte, in French, p. 272, Gallica; two engravings and his arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) At the death of Bishop Jean de la Cour d'Aubergenville of Évreux in 1256, the canons of the cathedral chapter had requested and obtained from the king the faculty of electing the new bishop. They elected at the same time Raoul Grosparmi, canon of Bayeux, and Raoul d'Aubusson, canon of the same chapter. The second one, who did not please the king or the pope, ceded to Canon Grosparmi.

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(3) 3. PALTINERI, Simone (ca. 1200-1277)

Birth. Ca. 1200, Monselice, near Padua. Of a noble and powerful family. He is also listed as Simone de Pactineris "il Papalino"; and his last name as Paltinieri; as Paltaneri; and as Paltanieri.

Education. Maestro in decretals (canon law) at the University of Padua.

Early life. Archpriest of S. Giustina, Monselice, 1234. Citizen of Padua and canon of its cathedral chapter ca. 1238.

Episcopate. Administrator of the see of Aversa, November 17, 1254 until ca. 1259 (1).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti in the consistory of December 17, 1261. Slandered before the pope, in January and February 1262, he was ordered not to wear the red hat and the cardinalitial insignias pending a papal inquest; he was rehabilitated. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 9, 1263 and January 30, 1264; January 11 and February 28, 1268; and August 31, 1272 and April 1, 1275. Cardinal protoprete in 1262. Legate to Umbria, Pisa, Tuscany, Venice and Lombardy. He obtained the peace between Perugia and Assisi; reorganized the papal forces in the Piceno after the army of Manfredi had defeated them, obtaining a vast legatine jurisdiction in a great part of Italy; in that capacity, he decided and adjudicated with wisdom very complex questions. Did not participate in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. The new pope confirmed him in several offices; asked him to lead a crusade in the patriarchate of Grado against Manfredi and the Saracens of Lucera; and entrusted him the delicate role of pacifier. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X; after a vacancy of almost three years, the electors decided for a compromise and asked six cardinals to nominate the new pontiff; among them, Cardinal Paltineri was the arbiter and to him was entrusted the agreement for the the final selection. Participated in the first conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Participated in the second conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. Participated in the third conclave of 1276, which elected Pope John XXI. He prepared his testament on February 7, 1277, probably in the house of Bonifacio di Benvenuto, in Viterbo, where he resided.

Death. Shortly after February 7, 1277 (2), in Viterbo. Buried in the cathedral of S. Lorenzo, Viterbo.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 299-300; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 158; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 123; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 8, 46 and 122.

Webgraphy. Biography by Giorgio Zacchello, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 80 (2014), Treccani; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 122; his first biography in Italian, linked above says that, besides administrator, he was also bishop of Aversa and that he resigned the see in 1256.
(2) His biography in Italian, linked above, says that he prepared his testament on February 7, 1277 and that a letter from the pope in February 1277, refers to him a "teste defunto", therefore, he must have died after the 7th and before February ended; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929, p. 129, says that he died shortly before November 25, 1277 (election of Pope Nicholas III); Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 2, 300, says that he died in 1276; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 8 and 46, says that he died in 1277.

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(4) 4. BRION, Simon de (ca. 1210/1230-1285)

Birth. Ca. 1210/1230, château of Mainpincien (or Montpensier; or Montpincien; or Mompitié; or Mompizio; or Mompitius; or Meinpicien) in Andrezel, Brie, France (1). Relative of the counts of Champagne. Son of Jean de Brion, grand maire of Donnemarie. His first name is also listed as Simeon; and his last name as Brie; and as Mainpincien.

Education. Studied at the University of Paris.

Priesthood. Ordained in Rouen (no further information found). Treasurer of the royal chapter of Saint-Martin de Tours. Canon of the chapter of the metropolitan cathedral of Tours. Auditor of the Sacred Palace, 1235 to 1244 (?). Canon of the chapter of Saint-Quentin in 1238. Canon of the metropolitan cathedral chapter of Rouen in 1248. Counselor of King Louis IX of France, future saint, 1259. Postulated bishop of Le Puy by the cathedral chapter in 1259; he refused. Chancellor of France, 1260 to 1261.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Cecilia in the consistory of December 17, 1261. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between November 13, 1363 and January 30, 1264; and August 31, 1272 and September 10, 1274. Legate of Pope Urban IV to France; confirmed in his charge in 1265 by the new Pope Clement IV; and on August 1, 1274, by Pope Gregory X. Did not participate in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X. On March 3, 1275, he was given the power to absolve King Philippe le Hardy of France of censures because of his war against King Alfonso of Castilla. Did not participate in the first conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Did not participate in the second conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. Did not participate in the third conclave of 1276, which elected Pope John XXI. Participated in the conclave of 1277, which elected Pope Nicholas III. On April 23, 1279, the pope reprehended him severely for not having stopped the hastiludes in France. Participated in the conclave of 1280-1281 and was elected pope.

Papacy. Elected pope on February 22, 1281. Took the name Martin IV (2). Consecrated bishop of Rome, basilica of S. Andrea in Orvieto, March 23, 1281, by Cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P., bishop of Ostia e Velletri. Crowned, March 23, 1281, basilica of S. Andrea in Orvieto, by Cardinal Giacomo Savelli, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. Dante Alighieri, in "The Divine Comedy", placed him in purgatory for gluttony. He created seven cardinals in one consistory.

Death. March 28, 1285, Perugia. Buried in the cathedral of Perugia. Several authors indicate that miracles happened at his tomb and give him the title of saint but he does not figure in the Martyrology.

Bibliography. Anselme de Sainte-Marie ; Dufourny, Honoré Caille ; Ange de Sainte-Rosalie ; Simplicien. Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne & de la maison du roy: & des anciens barons du royaume: avec les qualitez, l'origine, le progres & les armes de leurs familles; ensemble des statuts & le catalogue des chevaliers, cammandeurs, & officiers de l'ordre du S. Esprit. Le tout dresse sur titres originaux, sur les registres des des chartes du roy, du parlement, de la chambre des comptes & du chatelet des Paris ... & d'autres cabinets curieux. 9 vols. Paris : La Compagnie des libraires, 3. éd., rev., corrigée & augmentée par les soins du P. Ange & du P. Simplicien, 1726-1733, VI, 272; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 303-305; Cerrini, Simonetta. "Martino IV." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 446-449; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 161 and 231-244; Del Re, Niccolò. "Martino IV." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p. 687-688; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 283-288; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 123; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 8, 10 and 40; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 202-204.

Webgraphy. Biography by Michael Ott, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in English, Ecyclopaedia Britannica; his engraving and biography, in French, p. 283-288; his image and biography, in English, Wikipedia; biography, in French, Wikipedia; his image and biography, in French, Wikipedoa; biographical entry in Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la Couronne, de la Maison du Roy et des anciens barons du royaume.... Tome 6 / by le P. Anselme de Sainte-Marie (1625-1694 ; augustin); continuée par M. Du Fourny. Auteur du texte, in French, p. 272, Gallica; two engravings, as cardinal and as pope, Araldica Vaticana; another engraving, as pope, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) The sources, both printed and electronic, vary widely concerning his place of birth: Brion, archdiocese of Sens; Bria; Brie, Seine-et-Marne; Montpensier in the old French province of Touraine; château of Meinpicien in the province of Touraine; Touraine (rather than in Brie), Seuilly, in Ballan-Miréi in the château de la Carte or in Reignac; and château de la Carte, seigneurie of the commune of Ballan.
(2) He took the name Martin IV instead of Martin II by an error that misread the names of the two popes named Marinus as Martin II and III. Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col 231-244, refers to him as "Martinus II. dictus IV".

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(5) 5. COCCONATO, Uberto di (?-1276)

Birth. (No date found), Cocconato, a sovereign county near Monferrato. Son of Uberto di Cocconato. His brothers were Bonifacio, bishop of Asti from 1244 to 1260, Alemanno, Emanuele and Guido. Uncle of Count Oddone di Valperga. His first name is also listed as Oberto.

Education. He studied law.

Early life. It is not possible to know about Uberto before he appeared at the papal court of Rome, where he was allegedly introduced due to his kinship with Cardinal Oddone di Monferrato, with whom, there are not attestations of personal contacts.

Sacred orders. On November 8, 1256, he is mentioned as a subdeacon chaplain of Pope Alexander IV when he was present at a sentence issued by Cardinal Ottaviano Ubaldini. On July 15, 1257, on a similar occasion, he signed with the academic title of magister which was given to those who had completed their legal studies. In 1258, as rector of the patrimony in Tuscia, he was in charge of looking after the assets of the bishop of Volterra; in the same year he was papal nuncio to Milan; the following year he was commissioned by the pope to submit the Gubbio committee - of which he had been rector for some time - to the Municipality of Perugia; in January 1259 he was again "delegate of the papal see" in Tuscany. He continued to attend judgments issued by various cardinals, while in October 1257 the pope approved sentences on questions of ecclesiastical benefits formulated personally by Ubero di Cocconato. From the beginning of his Roman activity he appeared inserted in the family of Cardinal Ottaviano degli Ubaldini with whom he constantly collaborated and to whose protection he probably owed his appointment as cardinal.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Eustachio in the consistory of December 17, 1261. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 23, 1262 and January 30, 1264; September 24, 1265 and February 28, 1268; August 31, 1272 and April 1, 1275. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. In 1265, he took the church of Salamanca under his protection, for which he was rewarded with 150 gold marabutines. On December 13, 1266, he came into contact with Charles of Anjou, recently created king of Sicily, to negotiate the restitution of the lands that he had taken from the episcopal see of Asti. During the negotiations, which only ended in 1270, the cardinal found a way to buy some of the disputed places on his behalf. For this purpose, perhaps the sum of 833 lire from Asti was used, which Florentine lenders delivered to Bonifacio di Cocconato, provost of Asti and brother of Uberto, in July 1267. However, the operation did not take place without difficulty, since the lords of Sommariva refused to deliver the castle purchased by the cardinal together with Pocapaglia and Montaldo. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X. Cardinal Cocconato was involved above all in the political field. He became one of the supporters of the imperial party against the Angevin invasion, with specific reference to the situation in north-western Italy, in which the Ghibelline initiative of Guglielmo VII of Monferrato was particularly felt at that moment. Cardinal Cocconato addressed letters to the new emperor Rudolph of Habsburg in November-December 1274 to solicit protection and help against Anjou in Piedmont, while Pope Gregory X showed that he favored the king of Sicily, without disavowing previous contacts with Alfonso de Castilla from whom concrete aid for Asti and Monferrato arrived. The Piedmontese potentates ended up adhering to Alfonso, destroying on November 10 of the following year, with the battle of Roccavione, the dominion of Charles of Anjou in Piedmont; this must therefore be seen as the ultimate result of Cardinal Cocconato's manipulations. In the year 1274, according to the wishes of Pope Gregory X, and for the first time in a truly universal way, a collection of tithes was organized in view of a future crusade. Two chaplains of Cardinal Cocconato were elected, one, Boemondo di Vezza, collector in Scotland, and the other, Ardizzone di Trino, collector in Lombardy. This is one of the few information we have on the last years of the cardinal's life who from 1274 to 1275 stayed in Lyon to follow the work of the Council. On June 28, 1275 the pontiff commissioned him to write in his name to the archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Kilwardby, O.P. Participated in the first conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. He bought the stronghold of Orbetello from the duchess of Tuscany. Participated in the second conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. He formed part of the group who opposed the increasing influence of Charles d'Anjou.

Death. July 13, 1276 (no place found). Buried (no information found). A note introduced, perhaps between 1330 and 1350, in an obituary from Asti informs that he had left that church the sum of 900 lire of astesi for the erection of a chaplaincy; he also tied a gold cross containing part of the true cross and precious vestments, with the order to distribute 12 denarii to each canon present at his anniversary. The assets that he left to his brothers and nephews seem much greater, as we learn from an arbitration of March 19, 1277. The brothers Bonifacio, Alemanno and Emanuele, and the nephews Bonifacio and Uberto (the latter probably belonged to the seal described by Promis in 1870), sons of the fifth brother of Cardinal Cocconato, Guido, already deceased, divided the purchases made by the cardinal into Pocapaglia, Montaldo, Ceriale, Casalotto, Primeglio and Schierano. Alemanno, who had managed the family patrimony for the last twenty-five years, was entitled to 500 absent lire to pay the common debts incurred up to the death of Cardinal Cocconato. Beyond his curial activity and diplomatic talent - which he demonstrated in the international politics of his time - the cardinal was therefore one of the main factors that contributed to the increase in the prestige and economic power of the Cocconato family, an indispensable basis for the subsequent fortunes of the consortium.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 301-302; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 159-160; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 124; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 8 and 49.

Webgraphy. Biography by Aldo A. Settia, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 26 (1982), Treccani.

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(6) 6. SAVELLI, Giacomo (ca. 1210-1287)

Birth. Ca. 1210, Rome. Of one of the most important Roman families of the 13th century. Son of Senator Luca Savelli and Giovanna Aldobrandeschi, of the counts of S. Fiora. Nephew of Cardinal Tommaso da Capua (1216). Cousin of Cardinal Giovanni Boccamazza (1285). Other members of the family included Cardinals Bertrando Savelli (1216); Giovanni Battista Savelli (1480); Giacomo Savelli (1539); Silvio Savelli (1596); Giulio Savelli (1615); Fabrizio Savelli (1647); and Paolo Savelli (1664). His first name is also listed as Giacopo.

Education. Studied at the University of Paris.

Early life. He was married and after the death of his wife, he entered the ecclesiastical state; one of his children became podestà of Urbino and died before 1279; another child became Roman senator and died in 1306. Canon prebendary of the cathedral chapter of Châlon-sur-Marne. Rector of the church of Barton Mills, Suffolk. Member of the family of Cardinal John of Toledo, as cleric. Apostolic subdeacon and papal chaplain of Pope Innocent IV. On February 13, 1254, the pope granted him the commendam of the title of S. Anastasia.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin in the consistory of December 17, 1261. Subscribed the papal bulls issued between January 23, 1262 and January 30, 1264; February 26, 1265 and February 28, 1268; August 31, 1272 and April 1, 1275; February 3 and June 28, 1279; and on May 5, 1274. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X; he was one of the six cardinals to whom it was entrusted the election of the new pope by compromise. Participated in the first conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Participated in the second conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. Legate in Viterbo (Province of the Patrimony) until the death of Pope Adrian V. Participated in the second conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. Participated in the third conclave of 1276, which elected Pope John XXI. Participated in the conclave of 1277, which elected Pope Nicholas III; he crowned the new pope. He was named to numerous other legations. Cardinal protodeacon in 1277. Participated in the conclave of 1280-1281, which elected Pope Martin IV; he crowned the new pope. Participated in the conclave of 1285 and was elected pope.

Papacy. Elected pope on April 2, 1285. Took the name Honorius IV. Ordained priest in the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Consecrated bishop of Rome, May 20, 1285, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P., bishop of Ostia e Velletri. Crowned, May 20, 1285, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Goffredo d'Alatri, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro. He created one cardinal in one consistory.

Death. April 3, 1287, monastery of S. Sabina, Rome. Buried in the patriarchal Vatican basilica, next to the Pope Nicholas III; later, ca. 1540, in the pontificate of Pope Paul III, his remains and statue, attributed to Arnolfo di Cambio, were transferred to the tomb of his mother in the church of S. Maria in Aracoeli, Rome, where it still is.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 302; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 160 and 245-254; Guglielmi, Felice. "Onorio IV." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p.746-747; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 124; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 8, 10-11 and 51; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 204-205; Venditelli, Marco. "Onorio IV.". Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 449-455.

Webgraphy. Biography by Michael Ott, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; biography by Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz, in German, Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon; engraving, cameo and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his image and biography, in Italian, cronologia.leonardo; his image and biography, in English, Sts. Martha and Mary Parish, Mississauga, ON, Canada; The Savelli family, in Danish, Annas Rom Guide; The Savelli family by Norbert M. Borengässer, in German, Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon; his engraving, as cardinal, Araldica Vaticana; his engraving as pope, Araldica Vaticana; his engraving as pope, Magyar Katolikus Lexikon; his arms, church of S. Maria in Aracoeli, Rome, Baroque Rome in the etchings of Giuseppe Vasi; his tomb, church of S. Maria in Aracoeli, Rome, The Australian Natiobal University; detail of his jascent statue in his tomb, Art and Architecture Web Site; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria. Die Bildplattform der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, from the same source; his engraving, also from the same source.

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(7) 7. ALATRI, Goffredo da (?-1287)

Birth. (No date found), Alatri. Of a noble family. He is also listed as Gottifredo di Raynaldo; and as Gaufridus Alatrinus.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Alatri. Apostolic subdeacon.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro in the consistory of December 17, 1261. Subscribed the papal bulls issued from January 23, 1262 to February 16, 1263; February 26, 1265 to February 28, 1268; August 31, 1272 to April 1, 1275; February 3 to June 28, 1279; on May 5, 1284; and September 17, 1285 to June 11, 1286. Participated in the papal election of 1264-1265, in which was elected Pope Clement IV. Participated in the papal election of 1268-1271, in which was elected Pope Gregory X. Participated in the first conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Participated in the second conclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. Participated in the third conclave of 1276, which elected Pope John XXI. Participated in the conclave of 1277, which elected Pope Nicholas III. Participated in the conclave of 1280-1281, which elected Pope Martin IV. In 1284, he founded and endowed the church of S. Stefano in Alatri. On September 24, 1284, he was named protector of the abbey of S. Andrea delle Frate, Rome. Participated in the conclave of 1285, which elected Pope Honorius IV; he crowned the new pope. Cardinal protodeacon in 1285. Podestà of Alatri from 1286 to 1287.

Death. Before April 3 (or May 31), 1287, probably of the plague, at an advanced age, Rome. Buried, S. Maria del Popolo, Rome. His testamentary executors were Gervasio, cardinal priest of S. Martino ai Monti, Benedetto Caetani (future Pope Bonifacio VIII), cardinal deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano, and Francesco de Patrica, canon of Alatri and chamberlain of Goffredo.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 302-303; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 160; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 124; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 8 and 50.

Webgraphy. Biography by Fulvio Delle Donne, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 57 (2001), Treccani; biography, in Italian, Wikipidia; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.

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