The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
[Antipope] Clement VII (1378-1394)
Consistory of July 12, 1385 (V)
Celebrated in Avignon


(20) 1. CHANAC, Bertrand de (?-1401)

Birth. (No date found), Allassac, diocese of Tulle. Of a noble family. Son of Chevalier Guy de Chanac and Dame Isabelle de Montroux. Brother of Cardinal Guillaume de Chanac, O.S.B. (1371). His last name is also listed as Canhiaco. He was called the Cardinal of Jerusalem.

Education. Obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law.

Early life. Rector of the church of Samatan, diocese of Lombez. Clerk of the Apostolic Chamber. Notary apostolic. He is noted on July 31, 1344 in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon in the interview between the delegates of Assisi and Pope Clement VI. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Tournai. in 1348. He went to Rome between 1349 and 1350. Archdeacon of Agde in 1350. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Poitiers.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Bourges on August 2, 1374. Consecrated (no information found). On October 1, 1381, he attended the assembly of the French bishops in Compiègne concerning the affairs in Sicily. Promoted to titular Latin patriarch of Jerusalem on May 30, 1382; occupied the post until his promotion. On that same day, he was named administrator of the see of Le Puy; occupied the post until July 17, 1385. Testamentary executor of Cardinal Guillaume de Chanac, December 29, 1384; and of Cardinal Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, September 24, 1394.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest in the consistory of July 12, 1385; he entered Avignon on March 9, 1386 and received the title of S. Pudenziana. He was present at the death of Antipope Clement VII on September 6, 1394 in Avignon. Participated in the conclave of 1394, which elected Antipope Benedict XIII. He abandoned the antipope on September 1, 1398; returned shortly after. Cardinal primoprete in January 1401. Named bishop of the suburbicarian see of Sabina (1).

Death. May 21, 1401 (2), Avignon. Buried in the church of the Dominicans in Avignon (3).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 682; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p. 150; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 46, 91, 139 and 276.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, pp. 681-683, Gallica; biographical entry in La France pontificale (Gallia christiana), histoire chronologique et biographique des archevêques et évêques de tous les diocèses de France depuis l'établissement du christianisme jusqu'à nos jours, divisée en 17 provinces ecclésiastique. Montpellier, I / by M. Honoré Fisquet (1818-1883). Auteur du texte, in French, pp. 542-543, Gallica; his engraving, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, I, col. 682; and his biography in French, linked above; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931, p. 150, says that it is erroneous to say that he occupied that see; and Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 37-38, does not list him among the bishops of Sabina.
(2) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931, p. 150; and Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 28 and 46; in the epitaph, in note 2 below, Chacón indicates that he died on May 20, 1404; his biography in French, linked aborve, also says that he died on May 20, 1404; his biographical entry in French, also linked above, says that he died on May 20 or 21, 1404.
(3) This is the text of his epitaph, taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, col. 682:

Hic iacet Reverendissimus in Christo Pater Dominus
BERTRANVS DE CANHIACO, Lemovicensis Dioecesis,
genere nobilis, qui Doctor utriusque Iuris, Archiepiscopus
Bituricensis, postmodum Patriarcha Hieroslymitanus, &
Administrator Ecclesiæ Abrincensis extitit, & deinde in
Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ, titulus S. Pudentiana Presbyterum
Cardinalem assumptus, & demum Sabinensis Episcopus effectus,
obdorminust in Domino, die XX. May anno D. 1404.

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(21) 2. AMMANNATI, Tommaso (?-1396)

Birth. (No date found), Pistoia. Of a noble family. Son of Donato Ammannati and Lippa Ricardi. Brother of Pseudocardinal Bonifacio Ammannati (1397). He was called the Neapolitan Cardinal.

Education. Obtained a doctorate in law.

Early life. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. Chaplain and referendary of the pope in Avignon. Testamentary executor of Cardinal Philippe de Cabassole. Archdeacon of Sankt Castor de Cardona, diocese of Trier.

Sacred Orders. He had received only the minor orders when he was elected to the episcopate.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Nemosia, Cyprus, October 9, 1374. He never received the episcopal consecration. Legate in Germany before Emperor Charles IV in 1374. Returned to Rome on November 15, 1378. and remained in the city until June 22, 1379. He abandoned the obedience of Pope Urban VI and joined the cardinals who had fled to Anagni. He joined the obedience of Antipope Clement VII. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Naples, October 21, 1379 (1); occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate. Legate in Bretagne; he received the resignation of Bishop Simon of Vannes and on August 3, 1383, he announced to the duke of Montfort the election of his successor in that see, Henri, who was confirmed by Antipope Clement VII.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Prassede in the consistory of July 12, 1385. Transferred to the title of S. Clemente in November 1387 or, most probably, in 1391. He countersigned the peace treaty between the antipope and Duke Raymond de Turenne on May 6, 1392. He was present at the death of Antipope Clement VII on September 16, 1394 in Avignon. Participated in the conclave of 1394, which elected Antipope Benedict XIII. Vicar of the church of Dragnignan, diocese of Fréjus in 1395.

Death. December 9, 1396, Avignon. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 681; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p. 150; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 45, 360 and 367.

(1) This is according to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 681; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 360; and "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931, p. 150; Daniello Maria Zigarelli, Biografie dei vescovi e arcivescovi della chiesa di Napoli con una descrizione del clero, della cattedrale, della basilica di s. Restituta e della cappella del tesoro di s. Gennaro (Napoli: Tipografico di G. Gioja, 1861), does not mention him among the archbishops of Naples. Probably, the appointment never took effect because the see of Naples was, except for a very short period, under the spiritual jurisdiction of Pope Urban VI, and, therefore, an appointment made by the antipope was never recognized.

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(22) 3. PIACENTINI, Giovanni (?-1404)

Birth. (No date found), Parma. Son of Bartolomeo or Ciriaco Piacentini. Some sources say that he was a Frenchman. He was called the Venetian Cardinal.

Education. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Padua; later its archdeacon.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Cervia, March 8, 1364. Consecrated (no information found). Transferred to the see of Padua, January 13, 1369; took possession of the see on January 23, 1370. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Patras on April 28, 1371. Named administrator of the see of Orvieto in 1373; the nomination did not take effect because the then bishop of Orvieto, Pietro Bohier, did not accept his transfer to another see. Transferred to the see of Castello (Venice), November 27, 1375; occupied the see until December 1378, when he was deposed by Pope Urban VI for having adhered himself to the obedience of Avignon. He followed Antipope Clement VII to Avignon.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest in the consistory of July 12, 1385; entered Avignon on July 20, 1387 and received the title of S. Ciriaco alle Terme. He was present at the death of Antipope Clement VII on September 16, 1394. Participated in the conclave of 1394, which elected Antipope Benedict XIII. He abandoned the antipope for sometime in September 1398 and later returned to his obedience. In 1400, he donated to Montpellier the relics of Saint Cosma, martyr. Cardinal protoprete in May 1401.

Death. May 9, 1404 (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 682; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p. 150; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 42, 171, 183, 386, 394 and 508.

Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian (under Piacentini Giovanni), biblioteche.comune.parma.it.

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(23) 4. LAUTREC, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, Amaury de (?-1390)

Birth. (No date found), diocese of Albi, France. Of a noble family. He was the third of the six children of Isarn II vicomte of Lautrec, and Julienne, dame de Castelnaud. His first name is also listed as Amiel; as Ameliea; and as Amelio; and his last name as Lautrico. He was called the Cardinal of Comminges.

Education. Obtained a doctorate in law. Joined the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine.

Early life. Canon and chancellor of the metropolitan see of Toulouse in the Council of Lavaur in 1368.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Couserans, August 19, 1370; took possession of the see in January 1371. Consecrated (no information found). On April 15, 1381, Antipope Clement VII named him vicar general, for spiritual and temporal affairs,of the see of Rieux; occupied the post until his death. Transferred to the see of Comminges, May 18, 1384. Papal referendary.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Eusebio in the consistory of July 12, 1385; he retained the administration of his see until his death. Testamentary executor of Cardinal Angelic de Grimoard, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, April 11 to 14, 1388; and of Cardinal Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, September 24, 1394. He was one of the three pseudocardinals who signed the sentence of excommunication against Father Jean de Montson on January 27, 1389.

Death. June 7, 1390, Avignon. Buried in Avignon (no further information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 682; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p. 150; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 42, 203, 207 and 421.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 687, Gallica; his engraving, Araldica Vaticana.

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(24) 5. MUROL, Jean de (ca. 1340-1399)

Birth. Ca. 1340, Estaing (?), diocese of Clermont. Son of Jean, seigneur de Murol, and Adélaïde de Rochebriand. His last name is also listed as de Murolo; as Murolio; and as Murollis; and at times he is given the last name d'Estaing. He was called the Cardinal de Murol.

Education. When he was very young, he studied with future Cardinal Robert de Genève, Antipope Clement VII, at the home of the family of Guy de Boulogne (uncle of Robert) in the papal court of Avignon.

Early life. In 1358, Mahaut de Boulogne, requested from Pope Innocent VI a canonship and a prebend in Gèneve for Jean de Murol. Canon of the cathedral chapters of Rouen and Paris. Archdeacon of Cambrai. Vicar general of Bishop Robert de Genève in the diocese of Thérouanne, 1361-1368; and in Cambrai, 1368-1371; became his secretary when Bishop Robert was promoted to the cardinalate. In 1376, he went with the cardinal to Romagna and Lombardy, sent by Pope Gregory XI.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Gèneve, September 8, 1377; confirmed, January 27, 1378. Consecrated (no information found). He opposed Pope Urban VI after his election and was excommunicated and deposed by him. He joined the obedience of Antipope Clement VII. He was in Paris in 1381 and remained there for some time. He went to Pont-Saint-Esprit on April 18, 1385 and greeted Queen Maria of Naples. Returned to Avignon at the beginning of the following month of July. Transferred to the see of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux on the same day in which he was created a pseudocardinal.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Vitale in the consistory of July 12, 1385; retained the administration of his diocese from July 24, 1385 until December 23, 1388. He intervened in the peace treaty between Antipope Clement VII and Duke Raymund de Turenne, May 5 to 8, 1392. He was present at the death of Antipope Clement VII on September 16, 1394 in Avignon. Participated in the conclave of 1394, which elected Antipope Benedict XIII. He made his will on September 19, 1397. He abandoned Antipope Benedict XIII in September 1398 and returned shortly after.

Death. February 10, 1399, Avignon. Buried in the chapel of the Franciscans in Clermont-Ferrand, next to the entrance of the choir.

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 689; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p.150-151; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 48, 260 and 407.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 688-689, Gallica; his engraving, Araldica Vaticana; biography, in French, Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS).

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(25) 6. ROLLAND, Jean (?-1388)

Birth. (No date found), Clermont-Ferrand, France. His last name is also listed as Rolandi.

Education. Obtained a doctorate in law.

Early life. Archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Béziers (or of Berry).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Amiens, January 3, 1376; took possession by procurator, February 2, 1377; made his solemn entrance in the diocese on August 2, 1379. Consecrated (no information found). He was in Rome until the election of Pope Urban VI on April 8, 1378; he witnessed the popular unrest that occurred during the conclave. He joined the obedience of Antipope Clement VII. Ambassador in Castilla in 1380. On July 13, 1382, he celebrated the marriage of King Charles VI of France with Isabeau von Bavaria, in the cathedral of Amiens. Envoy of Antipope Clement VII to Flanders in 1382.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest, without a title, in the consistory of July 12, 1385. Transferred shortly after to the suburbicarian see of Frascati. Some sources say that he formally declined the promotion, which is not mentioned in his epitaph. He left all his wealth to the poor.

Death. December 17, 1388, probably in Amiens. Buried in a superb marble mausoleum in the chapel of Saint-Jean-Baptiste, behind the choir of the cathedral of Notre-Dame, Amiens (1).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 683; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p. 151; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 39 and 85.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 609-699, Gallica; his engraving, Araldica Vaticana; his epitaph in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, p. 527, Gallica.

(1) This is according to his biography in French, linked above; and his biographical entry in French, also linked above; Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, I, col. 683, indicates that he was buried in the cathedral of Avignon; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931, p. 151, says that he was not buried in the cathedral of Avignon but does not indicate his place of burial.

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(26) 7. BROGNY, Jean Allarmet de (ca. 1342-1426)

Birth. Ca. 1342, Petit-Brogny, Hameau d'Annecy le Vieux, France. Of a humble family. Son of Mermet Fraczon. He is also listed as Jean Fraçon; and Jean Allarmet, called de Brogny; and his last name as de Alouzier; as Armet de Bronhiac; as Brogniac; as Broguier; as Brugnac; as d'Embroignac; and as Fraczon. He was called the Cardinal of Viviers or of Ostia. Uncle of Pseudocardinal François de Meez, O.S.B. (1440).

Education. He studied in Annecy, Genève and Avignon; obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law in 1379.

Early life. Vicar general of the metropolitan see of Vienne. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Genève. Chaplain or chamberlain of Antipope Clement VII. Dean of Gap at the beginning of 1382. He received the diaconate.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Viviers August 11, 1382. Consecrated (no information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Anastasia in the consistory of July 12, 1385. Counselor of the antipope for the affairs of Naples in August 1386, September 1387 and January 1388. In January 1390, he intervened in the negotiations of the peace treaty between Antipope Clement VII and Raymund de Turenne. Vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church in 1391. He was present at the death of Antipope Clement VII on September 16, 1394. Participated in the conclave of 1394, which elected Antipope Benedict XIII. Testamentary executor of Cardinal Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, September 24, 1394; and legataire of Cardinal Jean de Murol, September 19, 1397. Abandoned Antipope Benedict XIII on September 1, 1398; returned shortly after. Cardinal protoprete in May 1404. Received the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velletri on June 13, 1405. Abandoned Antipope Benedict XIII in 1408 and was deposed by him on October 21 of that same year; he went to Italy, where he worked for the end of the schism. Attended the Council of Pisa. Participated in the conclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V. The antipope named him vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church again and confirmed him as bishop of Ostia e Velletri. Participated in the conclave of 1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII; he consecrated the new antipope on Sunday May 25, 1410, in the cathedral of S. Petronio, Bologna. Named vice-camerlengo of the antipope. Administrator of the see of Arles, November 24, 1410; took possession on the following December 27; named as vicar general the bishop of Vaison on March 6, 1419, in Salon. Sent to Constance to prepare the general council, which was inaugurated on November 5, 1414; he presided over the council as dean by age of all the cardinals. Participated in the conclave of 1417, which elected Pope Martin V. Consecrated the new pope bishop of Rome on Sunday November 14, 1417, in the presbyterium of the cathedral of Constance. He entered the papal curia in Florence on May 4, 1419. He went to Tivoli with the pope on June 17, 1421; left on the following July 21. He was then temporarily replaced as vice-chancellor by Cardinal Jean de Rochetaillée. On October 23, 1422, he went from Rome to Sutri and returned on December 26 of the same year. Administrator of the see of Genève, December 3, 1423. He founded Dominican convents in Le Puy, Tivoli, and Annecy; a hospital and a Cistercian convent in Brogny; and Collège Saint-Nicolas in Avignon, for twenty students.

Death. Saturday February 16, 1426, Rome. Buried in the chapel of S. Martino in the patriarchal Vatican basilica; in 1428, his remains were transferred to the collegial chapel of the Macchabées, which he had founded, in the old cathedral of Notre-Dame of Genève.

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 683; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p. 151; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 36, 39 and 533; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 692-697.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 692-697, Gallica; biography by Joseph Sollier, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in Italian, Dizionario storico della Svizzera (DSS); same biography, in French, Dizionario storico della Svizzera (DSS); same biography, in German, Dizionario storico della Svizzera (DSS); chronology of his career in Gallia christiana novissima. Histoire des archevêchés, évêques et abbayes de France. ARLES / d'après les documents authentiques recueillis dans les registres du Vatican et les archives locales par le chanoine; completée, annotée et publiée par le chanoine Ulysse Chevalier, Joseph Hyacinthe Albanès (1822-1897). Auteur du texte, in French, pp. 775-787, Gallica; his engraving, by Bernard Picart, 18th century, Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; his engraving, Araldica Vaticana.

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(27) 8. THURY, Pierre de (?-1410)

Birth. (No date found), Bresse, France. Son of Guichard de Thury and Jeanne de la Palud. Nephew of Guillaume de Thury, archbishop of Lyon. His last name is also listed as Thurey; as Thureyo; and as Tureyo. He was called the Cardinal of Maillezais.

Education. Obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law.

Early life. Prior of Saint-Saveur, Nevers. Professor of law. Secretary of memorials of King Charles VI. Custode-sacriste of the cathedral of Lyon. In 1377, the duke of Berry proposed him to Pope Gregory XI for the metropolitan see of Vienne but the request arrived too late because the see had already been provided for. He was in Castilla in 1381, where he spoke in favor of Antipope Clement VII and against Pope Urban VI. He received the diaconate.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Maillezais, May 2, 1382. Consecrated (no information found). Named nuncio in Bohemia in 1382.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Susanna in the consistory of July 12, 1385; he was present at the consistory. He accompanied the duke of Berry to Toulouse in October 1385; returned to Avignon. On September 21, 1387, he celebrated the anniversary mass of King Ludovico of Sicily and the Carthusian church in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon. Named legate in France; he left Avignon on January 16, 1389 and returned the following June 19. Legate in Naples to accompany the new King Louis d'Anjou, who embarked from Marseille; he left on July 3, 1389 and returned on June 14, 1392; he was a counselor of the king. He was present at the death of Antipope Clement VII on September 16, 1394. Participated in the conclave of 1394, which elected Antipope Benedict XIII. Testamentary executor of Cardinal Jean de Murol, September 10, 1397. Participated again in the affairs of Sicily in September 1397 and in January 1398. He abandoned the antipope for a while in August 1398 and returned later. Sent to Paris, with Cardinals Guy de Malesec and Amedeo di Saluzzo; arrived in January 1399 and remained in Paris after their return in July 1401; they returned in 1402. Cardinal primoprete in June 1405. He was in Marseille in January 1407; from there, he wrote to the University of Paris against the schism. He went to Savoy, where a reunion of cardinals of the two obediences took place on November 1, 1407; he was the principal mediator to facilitate a meeting between the pope and the antipope; he abandoned Antipope Benedict XIII, together with 9 pseudocardinals, in 1408 and was deposed by him on October 21 of that year. He attended the Council of Pisa. Participated in the conclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V. He went to Prato on November 1, 1409, with King Louis d'Anjou of Sicily, to visit Antipope Alexander V; he left the following November 7 as vicar of the antipope in Avignon and legate in France, where King Louis joined him. He was in Paris in January 1410; and in Lyon on the following April 6; he was present at the invention of the bodies of Saints Irénée, Epipode and Alexandre in the church of Saint-Irénée de Lion; returned to Italy after the death of Antipope Alexander V. Did not participate in the conclave of 1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII (1).

Death. Towards December 9, 1410 (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 682-683; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931, p. 151-152; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 28, 48 and 324.

Webgraphy. His arms and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 690-691, Gallica.

(1) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931, p. 152; his biography in French, linked above, says that he was present at the death of Antipope Alexander V and participated in the conclave of 1410.

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