Birth. (No date found), Meaux, France. His baptismal name was Pierre-Denis. His last name is also listed as de Molendina; and as de Molendin.

Education. Licentiate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law.

Early life. He married Marie de Courtenay; they had a son, Jean du Moulin, seigneur de Fontenay; after she died, he embraced the ecclesiastical state. Canon of the cathedral chapters of Reims, Embrun, Chartres and Alby. Chantre of the chapter of the cathedral of Vienne.

Sacred orders. Received the subdiaconate.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Toulouse, 1422; confirmed, March 10, 1423. Consecrated, 1423, by Guillaume de Champeaux, bishop of Laon, assisted by Raoul de Coucy, bishop of Noyon, and by Pierre Le Nenveu, bishop of Albi. Maître des requêtes and counselor of state. Postulated bishop of Paris by its cathedral chapter, January 19, 1439; confirmed by the pope and named patriarch of Antioch, June 10, 1439 (1); entered the diocese on October 9, 1440. Maître des requêtes of the dauphin. Counselor to King Charles VII of France. Ambassador to Savoy. He supported the schism of Antipope Felix V.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest in the consistory of November 12, 1440; his title is not known; nothing is mentioned in his epitaph about this promotion because the antipope was not recognized in France; it is believed that he resigned the promotion.

Death. Friday September 15, 1447 (2), Paris. Buried next to the main altar of the cathedral of Notre-Dame of Paris; next to his tomb, there is a plaque of copper with his epitaph (3).

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature compléte ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 1257-1258; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 4 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 942; Clavel, Louis-Auguste. Histoire chrétienne des diocèses de France, de Belgique, de Savoie et des bords du Rhin : Gallia christiana en français.... Poissy : Typographie Arbieu, 1855, 4me. partie, 425-426; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VII. Les cardinaux de la fin du XVe siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1932. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1932, p. 145; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 468; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 10, 89 and 213.

Birth. Ca. 1376, of the House of Kerneguez, near Morlaix, France. His last name is also listed as Coëtquis; as Quoetquitz; and as Coetquen.

Education. Obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law at the Faculty of Angers in 1415.

Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Tournai.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Saint-Pol-de-Léon, October 16, 1419; took possession of the see, March 17, 1422. Consecrated (no information found). French ambassador in Rome ca. 1425. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Tours, July 30, 1427; enthroned, March 17, 1436. Ambassador of King Charles VII of France in Rome, in Germany and before the Council of Basel from 1432. The French king, Charles VII, asked him to examine Jeanne d'Arc, future saint, when she went to the court, to find out if she was, or not, what she said she was: an envoy from God; he interrogated the Maid or Orléans, together with Gérard Machet and others; they arrived to a favorable conclusion respecting her.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest in the consistory of November 12, 1440; his title is not known. Saint Albert the Great called him "a man of great judgement, very learned and eloquent"; and the Italians referred to him as the "rooster of the French prelates".

Death. July 12, 1441, Tours. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 4 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 942-943; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VII. Les cardinaux de la fin du XVe siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1932. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1932, p. 145; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p.302 and 503; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 10; Paris-Jallobert, Paul. "Les cardinaux de Bretagne". Revue de Bretagne et de Vendie, n. ser., II (1887), 33.

Birth. 1386, Catania, Sicily. Of a family of German origin. His last name is also listed as Tudeschi; as Tudeschis; and as Tudisco. He is also listed as Panormitanus; as Abbas Siculus; and also as Abbas Modernus.

Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines) of the Congregation of Sicily in 1400. Studied in Bologna from 1405/1406 with Antonio de Butrio and, possibly, with Francisco de Zabarella. Obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law.

Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). He started teaching in Bologna around 1411; then, he taught in Parma from 1411 to 1418; and then in Siena, where he stayed until 1430; he went back to Bologna and taught Decretals for a year, 1431-1432; on May 6, 1432, Florentines invited him to teach Decretals at the Studio Florentino; he accepted the invitation; a few months later, Venice postulated for a teaching position in Padua; the Florentines strongly rejected the attempt to take him to Padua; he stayed in Florence teaching for several years, while he was not in Basel, probably until 1435. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Catania in 1415, while teaching in Parma. At the death of the bishop of Siracusa, the Senate of Catania postulated him to the post, but he was not elected by the pope. He attended the Council of Siena, 1423-1424. Abbot of the Benedictine monastery of S. Maria di Maniace from 1425; it seems that he held the post in absentia and that it was just intended to provide him with an income; he resigned the post when he was promoted to the episcopate. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota in 1425. Pope Martin V the Council in Basel in accordance to the provisions of the decree Haec sancta that had been promulgated at the Council of Constance. After the pope died, the new Pope Eugenius IV dissolved the council on December 18, 1431; the new pope saw the council as an obstacle to the unification of the Eastern and Western churches and as a danger to papal rights; the council rejected pope's authority to dissolve it; the pope sent a delegation to represent him and to negotiate; Father Tedeschi was named part of the delegation; he arrived in Basel in March, 1433; he defended the pontiff's position with at the assembly sermons on March 9 and July 13 of that year; the pope's proposals were not well received by the council and Father Tedeschi left Basel.

Episcopate. Named archbishop of Palermo by King Alfonso V of Sicily, February 1434; confirmed by the pope, March 9, 1435. Consecrated, July 4, 1435. Attended the Council of Basel as ambassador of King Alfonso V in 1436; his role at the council changed essentially as he did not represent the papal interests any more; when Pope Eugenius IV transferred the council to Ferrara in 1437, and later, in 1439, to Florence, Archbishop Tedeschi remained in Basel; with the support of King Charles VII of France, the council issued a series of documents that stated the council's superiority over the pope; in 1438, the archbishop of Palermo went to the Diet of Frankfurt as the council's representative. The following year, the council deposed the pope and elected an antipope, Felix V.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest in the consistory of November 12, 1440; recievd the title of Ss. XII (Dodici) Apostoli. Antipope Felix V asked him to compile the decrees of the Councils of Constance and Basel into a canonical collection, but he completed the work. He authored several canonical works, which were edited in four volumes in Venice between 1475 and 1478. He was called Lucerna iuris. He had moderate conciliarist ideas, stronger in his polemical discourses at the council and the Diet of Frankfurt that in his canonical works. After King Alfonso V concluded a treaty with Pope Eugenius IV in 1443 in Terracina, he recalled his delegation, and the pseudocardinal returned to Palermo. Some sources consider him the leading jurist of the 15th century.

Death. February 24, 1445, of the plague, Palermo. He is buried in a Roman paleochristian sarcophagus of Parian marble in the crypt of the metropolitan cathedral of Palermo (1).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 4 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 943-944; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VII. Les cardinaux de la fin du XVe siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1932. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1932, p. 145; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 10 and 211; Schweizer, Julius. Nicolaus de' Tudeschi, archiepiscopus Panormitanus et S.R.E. cardinalis; seine tätigkeit am Baselr konzil. Strasbourg : Imprimerie alsacienne, 1924.

Birth. 1380, Blois, France. His first name is also listed as Girard and as Jean.

Education. He was a student of Gerson, an illustrious professor. Studied humanities, philosophy and theology at Collège de Navarre; obtained a doctorate in sacred science (theology) in 1411.

Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Rector of the University of Paris in 1405; later, in 1415, its vice-chancellor; when Chancellor Gerson had to attend the Council of Constance, he replaced him as chancellor; he greeted, in the name of the faculty, Emperor Sigismund when he visited the French capital. Confessor of the dauphin, future King Charles VII. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Paris. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Chartres. He took part in Paris of the condemnation of the most celebre apologist of the duke of Bourgogne. Provost of Saint-Martin de Tours. In Poitiers, he presided the commission named by the king to examine the propositions of Jeanne d'Arc, future saint; he shared the opinion of the commission about her divine mission.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Castres, January 23, 1432. Consecrated (No information found). Named by the king administrator of Collège de Navarre; he allowed external students as grant holders.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest in the consistory of November 12, 1440; his title is not known. Transferred by Pope Eugenius IV to the see of Béziers, April 20, 1444; the translation did not take effect.

Death. July 17, 1448, Tours. Buried in the middle of the choir of the basilica of Saint-Martin of Tours.

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 4 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col.944; Cecchetti, Dario, «Machet, Gérard», Dizionario critico della letteratura francese, éd. Franco Simone, Torino, Unione tipografico-editrice torinese, 1972, t. 2, p. 700; Cecchetti, Dario, Nicolas de Clamanges e Gérard Machet. Contributo allo studio dell'epistolario di Nicolas de Clamanges, Atti della Accademia delle scienze di Torino, 1966, p. 133-191; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VII. Les cardinaux de la fin du XVe siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1932. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1932, p. ; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. ; Féret, Pierre. La Faculté de théologie de Paris et ses docteurs les plus célèbres. Moyen âge. Paris : Alphonse Picard et Fils, editeurs, 1897, Tome IV, chapter V, "Autres Navarristes", 298-304; Santoni, Pierre, Gérard Machet, confesseur de Charles VII, et ses lettres, diplôme d'archiviste paléographe, École nationale des chartes, Paris, 1968. — Résumé dans Positions des thèses de l'École des chartes, 1968, p. 175-182; Santoni, Pierre. Les lettres de Nicolas de Clamanges à Gérard Machet. Un humaniste devant la crise du royaume et de l'Église (1410–1417), Mélanges de l'École française de Rome, 99, 1987, p. 793-823; Simone, Franco. Il rinascimento Francese: studi e ricerche. Torino : Società Editrice Internazionale, 1961. (Biblioteca di studi francesi, 1), xvi + 459 p.

Birth. 1375, Châteaugiron, Vannes, France. Of a noble family. He was the sixth known son of Jean de Châteaugiron, signeur of Malestroit and Largoët, who died in 1374 and his second wife Jeanne Dol, dame de Combourg. His last name is also listed as Châteaugiron and as Malestricto.

Education. Licentiate in law.

Early life. Allied of the duke of Bretagne. Archdeacon of Media, diocese of Nantes. Treasurer and receiver general of the duchy of Bretagne.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Saint Brieuc, May 2, 1404. Consecrated (no information found). Chancellor of the duke of Bretagne in 1408. Transferred to the see of Nantes, July 17, 1419; resigned the see at the beginning of 1443. In 1432 he was captured by the duke of Alençon and imprisoned in La Flèche; he was freed after the duke of Bretagne placed under siege the castle of Pouancé; the sige was not lifted until the bishop-chancellor was freed. He led the process of Gilles de Rais in 1440. Politically, he favored the independence of Bretagne.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of the title of S. Onofrio (1) in the consistory of November 12, 1440.

Death. September 14, 1443, Nantes. Buried in the church of Saint-Pierre, Nantes.

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 4 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 944-945; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VII. Les cardinaux de la fin du XVe siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1932. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1932, p. 145-146; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 146 and 356; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 10 and 198.