(1) 1. SERBELLONI, Giovanni Antonio (1519-1591)

Birth. 1519, Milan. Of a patrician family. Son of Giampiero Serbelloni and Elisabetta Rainoldi. Nephew of Pope Pius IV because the pontiff's mother was Clelia Serbelloni. Cousin of Cardinals Carlo Borromeo (1560); and Mark Sittich von Hohenems (1561).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Cleric of Milan.

Sacred orders. Received the tonsure and the four minor orders March 27, 1541, in Milan, from Luigi Magnasco di Santa Fiora, bishop of Castro in Lazio. Received the subdiaconate and the diaconate, in Rome, from Borso de Merli, bishop of Bobbio, on March 28, 1557.ome: subdiaconate and diaconate on 28 March 1557.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 5, 1557, Rome, by Borso de Merli, bishop of Bobbio.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Foligno, May 7, 1557. Consecrated, August 25, 1557, in the chapel of his consecrator, in Rome, by Cardinal Giovanni Angelo de' Medici, assisted by Ludovico Simonetta, bishop of Pesaro, and by Borso de Merli, bishop of Bobbio. In the same ceremony was consecrated Marcantonio Bobba, bishop of Aosta.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 31, 1560; received the red hat and the title of S. Giorgio in Velabro (1), February 14, 1560. Resigned the administration of the diocese of Foligno before March 13, 1560. Transferred to the see of Novara, March 13, 1560. Legate in Camerino, April 26, 1560 until August 1565. Governor of Città della Pieve, 1565. Opted for the title of S. Maria degli Angeli, May 15, 1565. Legate in Perugia and Umbria, August 22, 1565 until January 30, 1566 when the new Pope Pius V revoked all legations. Participated in the conclave of 1565-1566, which elected Pope Pius V. Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, April 12, 1570 (2). Opted for the title of S. Clemente, June 9, 1570. Opted for the title of S. Angelo in Pescheria (3), July 3, 1570. Participated in the conclave of 1572, which elected Pope Gregory XIII. Resigned the government of the diocese of Novara before April 26, 1574. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, July 31, 1577. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina, July 9, 1578. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, October 5, 1578. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Frascati, March 4, 1583. Participated in the conclave of 1585, which elected Pope Sixtus V. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, December 11, 1587. Vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velletri, proper of the dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 2, 1589. Participated in the first conclave of 1590, which elected Pope Urban VII. Participated in the second conclave of 1590, which elected Pope Gregory XIV.

Death. March 18 (4), 1591, Rome. Buried in the church of S. Maria degli Angeli, Rome (5).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, V, 1-2; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1652-1653; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 37, 56, 57, 58, 59, 65, 66, 68, 72, 73, 199, 260-261; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 170, 203, 328 and 909.

Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian, diocese of Frascati; his portrait, third from the right, S. Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri alle Terme di Roma; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; his tomb in S. Maria degli Angeli, Rome, Requiem Datenbank; another view of his tomb, S. Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri alle Terme di Roma.

(1) According to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 37, he was created cardinal priest and assigned this deaconry.
(2) According to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 68, he could not opt in person because he was suffering from podagra and Cardinal Luigi Cornaro opted for him.
(3) According to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 72, this church was considered both as a title and as a deaconry.
(4) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 37. His biography in Italian, linked above, indicates that he died on March 18 or 20, 1591; Eubel, III, 37, adds that the pope announced the death of the cardinal on March 20.
(5) This is the text of his epitaph taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1652:

(2) 2. BORROMEO, Carlo (1538-1584)

Birth. October 2, 1538, Wednesday, between 8 and 9 a.m., in a stanza called "dei Tre Laghi", later called "di san Carlo", Arona, diocese of Novara. Second son, and the third of six children, of Count Giberto II Borromeo and Margherita de' Medici, sister of Pope Pius IV. He was baptized in the parish church of Arona. Cousin of Cardinals Gianantonio Serbelloni (1560); Mark Sittich von Hohenems (1561); Guido Luca Ferrero (1565); and Federico Borromeo, seniore (1587). Uncle of Cardinal Giberto Borromeo, seniore (1652). Other cardinals of the family were: Federico Borromeo, iuniore (1670); Giberto Bartolomeo Borromeo (1717); Vitaliano Borromeo (1766); and Edoardo Borromeo (1868).

Education. Studied humanities in Milan under Fr. Giacomo Merula; University of Pavia, Pavia, from October 1552 (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, December 6, 1559; studied under Francesco Alciato, later a cardinal).

Early life. He spent his years in the Castle of Arona and in the Palazzo Borromeo, Milan. Received the clerical habit and tonsure, Milan, from Bishop Giovanni Simonetta of Lodi, October 13, 1547. Cleric of Milan. Upon the resignation of his uncle Giulio Cesare Borromeo, he became abbot commendatario of S. Felino e S. Graziano in Arona, November 20, 1547. Abbot commendatario of S. Silano di Romagnano, May 10, 1558. Prior commendatario of S. Maria di Calvenzano, December 8, 1558. Called to Rome by his uncle the new pope. Protonotary apostolic participantium and referendary of the papal court, January 13, 1560. Member of the counsulta for the administration of the Papal States, January 22, 1560. Abbot commendatario of Nonatola; S. Gallo di Moggio; Serravalle or della Follina; S. Stefano del Corno, near Milan; and of one abbey in Portugal, and another one in Flanders, January 27, 1560.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of January 31, 1560; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Vito e Modesto, February 14, 1560. Named administrator of the archdiocese of Milan, February 7, 1560 (1). Legate in Bologna and Romandiola for two years, April 26, 1560. Opted for the title of S. Martino ai Monti, September 4, 1560.

Sacred orders. Received the subdiaconate and the diaconate, December 21, 1560. Named secretary of State, 1560. Governor of Civita Castellana, before June 1, 1561. Governor of Ancona, June 1, 1561. Proclaimed honorary citizen of Rome, July 1, 1561. Founded the Accademia Vaticana, 1562. Governor of Spoleto, December 1, 1562. Opted for the order of cardinal priests, June 4, 1563.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 4, 1563, at the patriarchal Liberian basilica, by Cardinal Federico Cesi (2). He used his influence as secretary of State to reopen the Council of Trent and participated in its sessions, 1562-1563; at the consistory of January 26, 1564, the pope confirmed the council's decrees. Prince of Orta, 1563. Member of the Holy Office.

Episcopate. Consecrated, December 7, 1563, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, by Cardinal Gianantonio Serbelloni, assisted by Tolomeo Galli, archbishop of Manfredonia, and by Felice Tiranni. President of the commission of theologians charged by the pope, at the end of 1563, with the elaboration of the Catechismus Romanus; at the same time, he also worked on the revision of the Missal and Breviary and was a member of a commission for the reform of church music. Preconized archbishop of Milan, May 12, 1564. Governor of Terracina, June 3, 1564. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome, October 1564. Opted for the title of S. Prassede, November 17, 1564. Palatine count, 1564. Prefect of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, 1564 until September 1565. Legate in Bologna, Romandiola, August 17, 1565. Legate a latere and vicar general in spiritualibus for all Italy, August 17, 1565. Penitentiary major, November 7, 1565 until December 12, 1572. Participated in the conclave of 1565-1566, which elected Pope Pius V; he left the conclave because of illness; he asked the new pope to take the name Pius. As protector of the Swiss Catholic cantons, he visited them several times trying to reform the lives and customs of both the clergy and laymen. In September 1569, he was involved in a violent incident with the canons of the collegiate church of S. Maria della Scala who refused to accept his jurisdiction (3) and sought the support of the civil authority for their claim; when the archbishop tried to conduct a visitation to communicate to the canons their excommunication, their supporters opened fire and the cross he was carrying was damaged; a few months later, the canons asked for his forgiveness and on February 5, 1570, he granted them his absolution before the door of the cathedral (4). For his introduction of strict ecclesiastical discipline, some disgruntled monks of the Order of the Humiliati planned his murder; they hired a lay brother who shot at him on the evening of October 26, 1569 at the entrance of the house chapel but he escaped the bullet of his would-be assassin. Participated in the conclave of 1572, which elected Pope Gregory XIII. Member of the Apostolic Penitentiary, May 1572. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 10, 1575 to January 9, 1576. During the plague of 1576, he assisted sick and buried the dead, while the city officials fled in terror from Milan; in gratitude for his assistance, a 15-meter-high statue was built on a hill over Arona. Pope Gregory XIII granted the cardinal authorization to establish the Oblates of St. Ambrose, April 26, 1578. Gave the first communion to Luigi Gonzaga, future Jesuit saint, July 22, 1580. Apostolic visitor to all Swiss dioceses and territories under Swiss control, November 27, 1582. He celebrated five provincial and eleven diocesan synods. To help the Swiss Catholics, he founded the Collegium Helveticum.

Death. November 3, 1584, at 8:30 p.m., of febbre continua , Milan; his physician was Bartolomeo Assandri. Buried at night in the place he had chosen in the metropolitan cathedral of Milan (5). On November 7, Cardinal Nicolò Sfondrato, bishop of Cremona, later Pope Gregory XIV, celebrated the requiem mass; the funeral oration was delivered by Francesco Panicarola, O.F.M.Obs., future bishop of Asti. His heart is at the basilica dei Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo in via del Corso, Rome, behind the main altar. The pope expressed his sadness for the death of the cardinal in the consistory of November 14, 1584. In his will, he named the Hospital Maggiore of Milan as his heir. On September 21, 1751, his body was transferred from the metropolitan cathedral of Milan to a chapel built by Count Renato Borromeo in piazza S. Maria Podone, Milan, as a temporary measure to allow some work in the crypt in the cathedral of Milan. His body was soon moved back to the crypt in the cathedral where it still rests.

Sainthood. Processes for his cause of beatification were started in Milan, Pavia and Bologna; his cause was sent to the S.C. of Rites in 1604; and he was canonized by Pope Paul V on November 1, 1610. His feast is celebrated on November 4. Of all monuments erected in his honor, the most popular and sought out for devotions remains that of Falconi and Zanelli, erected in 1697 at the Sacro Monte San Carlo in Arona, known as "San Carlone".

Bibliography. Albuzzi, Annalisa. "Per compire l'apparato che suole farsi ogn'anno nel duomo di Milano". I più tardi teleri sulla vita di san Carlo dal progetto alla realizzazione. Perugia : Editrice Pliniana, 2009; Bescapè, Carlo. Vita e opere di Carlo, arcivescovo di Milano, cardinale di S. Prassede. Milano : O.D.C, 1965; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, V, 4-8; Cazzani, Eugenio. Vescovi e arcivescovi di Milano. Nuova ed./ a cura di Angelo Majo, 2. ed. Milano : Massimo : NED, 1996. Note: Originally published 1955, now enlarged and updated, p. 226-230; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1654-1655; Del Re, Nicola. "I cardinali prefetti della sacra congregazione del concilio dalle origini ad oggi (1564-1964)." Apollinaris, XXXVII (1964), p. 108-109. Charles Borromeo, Saint ; Cihak, John R. ; Santogrossi, Ansgar. Selected orations, homilies and writings. London ; Oxford ; New York ; New Delhi ; Sydney : Bloomsbury T&T Clark, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2017; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 37, 240; Jones, Pamela M. "The court of humility : Carlo Borromeo and the ritual reform" in The possessions of a Cardinal : politics, piety, and art, 1450-1700. Edited by Mary Hollingsworth & Carol M. Richardson. University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010, p. 166-184; Katterbach, Bruno. Referendarii utriusque Signaturae a Martino V ad Clementem IX et Praelati Signaturae Supplicationum a Martino V ad Leonem XIII. Città del Vaticano 1931. (Studi e Testi 55), pp. 121 and 125; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 114, 150, 212, 364, 385, 398 and 518; The life of St. Charles Borromeo. Edited by Edward Healy Thompson. New York ; Philadelphia : P.J. Kenedy , [n.d.]; Majo, Angelo. Storia della chiesa ambrosiana. 5 vols. 2nd ed. Milano : NED, 1983-1986, II, 38, 60, 64, 104, 136, 154, 156, 157, 162, 170, 171, 174*; Moroni, Gaetano. Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. 103 vols. in 53. Venezia : Tipografia Emiliana, 1840-1861, X, 38-43; Orsenigo, Cesare. Life of St. Charles Borromeo. Translated by Rudolph Kraus. St. Louis ; London : B. Herder, 1943; Paschini, Pio ; Borromeo, Carlo. Il primo soggiorno di S. Carlo Borromeo a Roma. Torino : Soc. ed. internaz., 1935; Pons Pons, Guillermo. San Carlos Borromeo: rasgos biográficos. Valencia : EDICE, 2007; Yeo, Margaret. Reformer: St. Charles Borromeo. Milwaukee : Bruce, 1938; ; Zardin, Danilo. Carlo Borromeo : cultura, santità, governo. Milano : V&P, 2010.

Webgraphy. Biography by William Keogh, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography by Michel De Certau, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 20 (1977), Treccani; biography, in Italian, Magazzeno Storico Verbanese; biography, in French, Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse; biography by K. Benrath, in English, New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge; picture gallery and biography, in Italian, Santi e beati; his episcopal lineage by Charles N. Bransom, Jr., in English, Apostolic Succession in the Roman Catholic Church; his statue by Bernardo Falconi and Siro Zanelli in 1697, Sacro Monte San Carlo, Arona, piemonteonline.it; his statue, by Dionigi Bussola, piazza Borromeo, Milan; his statue, façade of the church of S. Carlino, Rome; his bust, church of S. Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, Rome; his posthumous portrait by Carlo Dolci, Palazzo Pitti, Florence; Serie cronologica dei vescovi di Milano (III-XXI secolo), in Italian, archdiocese of Milan; his portrait by Cavalier d'Arpino (1575-1584), diocese of Acqui, Beni Ecclesiastici in Web (BeWeb); his portrait by Giovan Paolo Cavagna (1580-1599), diocese of Bergamo, Beni Ecclesiastici in Web (BeWeb); his portrait by Carlo Ceresa (1650-1674), diocese of Bergamo, Beni Ecclesiastici in Web (BeWeb); his portrait by an anonymous artist (16101649), diocese of Bergamo, Beni Ecclesiastici in Web (BeWeb); his portrait by Bartolomeo Cesi (1610), diocese of Bergamo, Beni Ecclesiastici in Web (BeWeb); his portrait by Giambattista Tiepolo (1730-1733), archdiocese of Udine, Beni Ecclesiastici in Web (BeWeb); his tomb, Wikimedia; San Carlos Borromeo – 4 de noviembre by Isabel Orellana Vilches, Zenit, Madrid, 3 noviembre 2016; Reform from within by Father Roger Landry, The Boston Pilot, Wednesday, July 26, 2017; Biografía de San Carlos Borromeo, ACI; Hoy es la fiesta de San Carlos Borromeo, patrono de San Juan Pablo II, ACI, 04 Nov. 17 / 12:03 am; Lessons from History on the Coronavirus Pandemic by Joseph Pearce, The Catholic World Report, April 8, 2020; St. Charles Borromeo and the key principles of Catholic reform by Father Charles Fox, The Catholic World Report, November 4, 2020; Diocesi: Massa Carrara-Pontremoli, domani veglia in cattedrale per la festa di san Carlo Borromeo, patrono del Seminario vescovile, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 3 Novembre 2021 @ 18:32; St. Charles Borromeo: Patron saint of stomach ailments, dieting — and obesity? by Jonah McKeown, Catholic News Agency, St. Louis, Mo., Nov 4, 2022 / 06:00 am; St. Charles Borromeo and the key principles of Catholic reform by Father Charles Fox, The Catholic World Report. Novermber 4, 2021.

(1) He remained in Rome and delegated his functions to auxiliary bishops Sebastiano Donati (1561) and Girolamo Ferragata (1562); he resided in his see from 1565 following the directives of the Council of Trent.
(2) He was ordained secretly because his relatives were pressuring him to marry after the death of his eldest and childless brother, Count Federigo, who had died on November 28, 1562. He celebrated his first mass on August 15 at the altar of the Confession of the patriarchal Vatican basilica; and his second mass, in his house, next to the Jesuit Gesù Church, in the oratory where St. Ignatius Loyola had usually celebrated. At this time his confessor was Fr. Giovanni Battista Ribera, S.J.
(3) According to his biography in English in The Catholic Encyclopedia, linked above, in 1531 Pope Clement VII had granted the canons exemption from the jurisdiction of the local archbishop if the prelate consented but Archbishop Ippolito d'Este never did and therefore, the exemption did not became effective.
(4) In spite of his pardon, absolution and efforts to spare the lives of those who had attempted against him, four of the conspirators were sentenced to death and executed.
(5) In 1576, when he wrote his testament, he chose a spot on the pavement of the cathedral in front of the steps of the main altar. At that time, he composed his epitaph (text transcribed by Andrea Vittorelli in his addition to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1655): CAROLVS. CARDINALIS. TIT. S. PRAXEDIS. ARCHIEPISCOPVS. MEDIOLANI. FREQVENTIRIBVS. CLERI. POPVLIQ. ET DEVOTI. FOEMINEI. SEXVS. PRECIBVS. SE. COMMENDATVM. CVPIENS. HOC. LOCO. SIBI. MONVMENTVM. VIVENS. ELEGIT. This is the text of the epitaph that was placed on his tomb, taken from the same source, col. 1654: CAROLVS. TT. S. PRAXEDIS. S. R. E. PRESBYTER. CARDINALIS. ARCHIEPISC. MEDIOLANENSIS. FREQVENTIORIBVS. CLERI. POPVLI. DEVOTIQVE. FÆMINEI. SEXVS. PRECIBVS. SE. COMMENDATVM. CVPIENS. HOC. LOCO. SIBI. MONVMENTVM. VIVENS. ELEGIT. HVMILITAS. VIXIT. ANNOS. XLVI. MENS. I. DIEM. I. PRÆFVIT. ECCLESIÆ. MEDIOLANENSI. ANNOS. XXIV. MENSES VIII. DIES. XXIII. OBIIT. III. NONAS. NOVEMBRIS. MDLXXXIV.

(3) 3. MEDICI, iuniore, Giovanni de' (1543 or 1544-1562)

Birth. September 28/29, 1543 or 1544, Florence. Fourth child and second son of Cosimo I Medici, duke of Florence and grand duke of Tuscany, and Leonor Álvarez de Toledo. As second son, he was destined to an ecclesiastical career. Brother of Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici (1563). Other cardinals of the family were: Giovanni de' Medici, seniore (1489), future Pope Leo X; Giulio de' Medici (1513), future Pope Clement VII; Luigi de' Rossi (1517); Ippolito de' Medici (1529); Carlo de' Medici (1615); Gian Carlo de' Medici (1644); Leopoldo de' Medici (1667); and Francesco Maria de' Medici (1686).

Education. He was tutored by Antonio Angelo da Barga, noted poet and traveler who wrote a treatise on antiquities.

Early life. In 1550, he was sent to Rome to visit Pope Julius III. He received the ecclesiastical tonsure in that occasion. Cleric from Florence.

Sacred orders. He never received the sacred orders, possibly in accordance to his father's wishes so that he could still renounce his ecclesiastical dignity and return to Florence and become its ruler if it became necessary.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of January 31, 1560. In March 1560, he was in Rome with his parents. He received the cardinalitial ring and the deaconry of S. Maria in Domnica, April 26, 1560. On May 29, 1560, he laid the foundation stone of the church of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini, the national church of Florence in Rome. On the following June 15, he returned to Tuscany with papal approval. On his return, he visited Siena. Received the red hat in Florence in the presence of Cardinals Guido Ascanio Sforza and Louis de Lorraine de Guise, who had gone to visit the new cardinal's father, Duke Cosimo.

Episcopate. Administrator of the archdiocese of Pisa, June 19, 1560. He was never preconized or consecrated because he died at 18, long before reaching the canonical age. The archdiocese was governed by Ludovico Beccatelli, archbishop of Ragusa (1). He celebrated a synod. He was bright and affable. He left a substantial correspondence which shows his political and ecclesiastical interests concerning Italy and Spain as well as enthusiasm for antiquities.

Death. November 20, 1562, of malaria, Livorno (2). Transferred to Florence, the late cardinal was buried in the sacristy of the church of S. Lorenzo in that city (3). The news of his death reached Rome on November 22, 1562.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, V, 2-4; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1653-1654; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 37, 74 and 274.

Webgraphy. Biography by Paola Volpini, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 73 (2009), Treccani; his arms and portraits, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1653; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, V, 2-3, citing P. Mattei's work on the history of the church of Pisa, indicates that the see was governed by Girolamo di Vecchiano, bishop of Vulturara.
(2) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 37; Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1653, indicates that he died on December 12, 1562, in Pisa; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, V, 3, says that Chacón is wrong concerning the date of the death of the cardinal and that he died in November according to a letter from Pope Pius IV mentioned by P. Mattei in his work on the church of Pisa.
(3) This is the inscription in his tomb taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1653: MARIA. SALVIATA. COSMI. MEDICIS. FLORENTIÆ. ET. SENARVM. DVCIS. MATER. ET. IOANNES. S. R. E. CARDINALIS. VNA. CVM. GARSIA. FRATRE. AMBO. MIRIFICÆ. INDOLIS. ADOLESCENTES. ET. EIVSDEM. COSMI. FILII. HIC. AD. TEMPVS. QVIECVNT.

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