Birth. July 29, 1744, Piacenza. Della Somaglia is a toponymic name. Contemporary sources give him the last name Capece Anguillara; and still other modern sources assign him the last name Cavazzi. The family was inscribed in the patriciates of Piacenza and Milan; it was related to the Capece family of Naples and was an ally of the family of Pope Sixtus V. Son of Carlo Maria Capece Anguillara, baron Della Somaglia, and Countess Marianna Fenaroli. Baptized by Cardinal Giulio Alberoni and named after him. When he was twelve years old, he was sent to Rome and destined to the ecclesiastical state. His first name is also listed as Giulio only; and as Giulio Cesare; and his last name as Somalia.

Education. Studied at Collegio Nazzareno, Rome, 1756-1764; and later, at La Sapienza University, where he obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, in 1773.

Early life. Conclavist of Cardenal Ludovico Calini in the conclave of 1769. Privy chamberlain of Pope Clement XIV in 1769. Entered the Roman prelature as domestic prelate of His Holiness and referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace on March 20, 1775. Secretary of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics, March 25, 1775. Pope Pius VI named him successively voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Grace, 1775; protonotary apostolic non participantium, and prelate of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council. Secretary of the S.C. of Rites, July 1784. Abbot commendatario of Ss. Felice e Tranquilino, Piacenza, December 1785. Protonotary apostolic supernumerary, March 1786. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, January 1787 until his promotion to the cardinalate. Prelate adjunct of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 2, 1787. Examiner of the professors newly promoted to academic chairs.

Episcopate. Elected titular patriarch of Antioch, December 15, 1788. Consecrated, December 21, 1788, in the church of S. Carlo ai Catinari, Rome, by Cardinal Hyacinthe-Sigismond Gerdil, B., assisted by Nicola Buschi, titular archbishop of Efeso, and by Pierluigi Galletti, titular bishop of Cirene.

Birth. 1732, Cremona.

Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict Camaldolese when he was very young.

Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Procurator general of his order; later, its abbot general. Entered the service of the Roman Curia as consultor of the S.C. of Rites, February 1767. Named by Pope Pius VI secretary of the S.C. for the Examination of Bishops on March 30, 1789. Named consultor of the S.C. of the Holy Office before November 7, 1795.

Cardinalate. According to Boutry, Souverain et Pontife, p. 627, Pope Pius VI considered promoting him to the cardinalate but the elevation never took place. Author of various works on numismatics (1). His discoveries in the subject confirmed theory of Cardinal Enrico Noris, O.S.A., affirming that the date of the birth of Christ was wrongly calculated. He was able to make the papal government obtain in 1794 the valuable collection of the duke of Bracciano, which included the old collection of Queen Cristina of Sweden.

Death. May 9, 1815, Cremona. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Ala Ponzoni, Giuuseppe. Sulla emendazione dell'era volgare del signor abate Enrico Sanclemente. Cremona : [s. n.], 1811; Boutry, Philippe. Souverain et Pontife : recherches prosopographiques sur la curie romaine à l'âge de la restauration, 1814-1846. Rome : École française de Rome, 2002, p. 627; Cattaneo, Gaetano ; Sanclemente, Enrico. La corrispondenza tra Gaetano Cattaneo ed Enrico Sanclemente, 1810-1814. Milano : Comune di Milano, Settore cultura e spettacolo, Raccolte archeologiche e numismatiche, 1993. (Biblioteca archeologica); Gariboldi. Andrea, "Enrico Sanclemente e la 'Medaglia di Cicerone' del Museo di Classe" in Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini vol.116 (2015), p.361-390; La Guardia, Rina. La correspondenza tra Gaetano Cattaneo ed Enrico Sanclemente (1810-1814). Milano : Raccolte Archeologiche e Numismatiche, 1993; Moroni, Gaetano. Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. 103 vols. in 53. Venezia : Tipografia Emiliana, 1840-1861, VI, 295.

Birth. September 3, 1731, in Zańki (or Zamki), diocese of Vilnius, in the region of Novogrod. Of the Polish noble family of Strzała. His father, Jan Siesrtzeńcewicz, was a Calvinist and guardian of the county of Starodubowsk; and his mother, Kornelia z Odyńców, was a Catholic.

Education. In 1743, he began to study at the Calvinist school in Kiejdany. In 1745, he was going to start to study in Berlin, but he was assaulted on the way, and lost the money destined for his education. He then joined the Prussian Army. On December 15, 1745, wounded in the Battle of Kesseldorf, he left the army. On December 26, 1745, he enrolled in Joachim's high school in Berlin. Studied philosophy at the University of Frankfurt on the Oder, 1748-1751. Teacher of the sons of Stanislaw Ignacy Radziwill, 1754-1759. Converted to Catholicism in 1754, trying to obtain the hand of a beautiful Catholic lady, which ultimately ended in failure. Theological studies in Warsaw, 1759-1763. Received the clerical insignias and the minor orders on April 17, 1763.

Sacred orders. Received the subdiaconate on May 29, 1763; and the diaconate on June 12, 1763.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 3, 1763. Canon of Żmudź (Samogitia), 1764. Cantor coadjutor of the cathedral chapter of Vilnius in 1765. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Vilnius; and deputy to the court of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1768.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Mallus and appointed suffragan bishop of Vilnius, July 12, 1773. Consecrated, October 3, 1773, by Jerzy Mikołaj Hylzen, former bishop of Smoleńsk. He exercised ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the territories occupied in the first partition of Poland by Russia. Knight of the Order of Saint Stanislaus in 1773. On December 3, 1773, Empress Catherine II the Great of Russia appointed him bishop of the Catholics of the whole of Russia. with the uncannonical title of the Ordinary of Belarus; this decision had not received approval from the Holy See. Pope Clement XIV, after lengthy negotiations, gave him a limited right of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, just as a bishop delegate. The law expanded the papal nuncio in Warsaw, Giovanni Andrea Archetti, titular archbishop of Calcedonia, July, 1776. Received the Order of the White Eagle, 1779. In January 1782, Empress Catherine II gave him the title of archbishop of Mohilev. Appointed by the pope archbishop of the newly created archbishopric of Mohilev, December 11 or 21, 1783. He received the pallium from Nuncio Archetti on January 29, 1784.

Cardinalate. The next step that the Russian empress took to strengthen the empowerment of her submissive ecclesiastical hierarchy was the obtaining of the dignity of cardinal for the archbishop of Mohilev. Pope Pius VI rejected this claim, although in 1785 it was repeated several times. Later, the empress used diplomatic blackmail to achieve her intended purpose of creating Archbishop Siesrzeńcewiacz cardinal. In 1796, the pope acquiesced to the promotion as a Malum neccesarium (necessary evil). But shortly after, the pope decided to withdraw his consent and Empress Catherine II died on November 17, 1796. Her son and successor, Emperor Paul I, who was hostile to his mother, withdrew many of her actions and initiatives, including the pressure for the cardinalitial promotion of Archbishop Siestrzeńcewicz. In 1798, the pope granted Archbishop Siestrzeńcewicz and his successors the right to wear cardinals' robes, privilege already enjoyed by the archbishops of Gniezno since 1749; and twenty years later given to the archbishops of Warsaw. President of the Catholic department in the College of Justice and awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky and the Order of St. Andrew, January, 1798. Superior of the Catholic Diocese in all of Russia, May 9, 1798. Gained authority over the Ukrainian Greek Catholic bishops, 1799. Grand almoner of the Order of Malta, April 18, 1799. Awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 1799. President of the Roman Catholic Theological College, 1803. He admitted to himself the position of Vilnius diocese administrator, after the death of Bishop Jerome Stroynowski in 1815. Member of the imperial Russian Academy, 1807. He was also awarded the Order of St. Anna and the Order of St. Vladimir. Loyal to the tsar's power, he supported the subordination of the Catholic Church in Russia to state authorities; and being hostile to the Uniate Church, he contributed to its liquidation from the lands that had been taken away in the partition of Poland. Once again, the nomination of cardinal for the old hierarchy was raised in 1816, but after an exchange of correspondence between St. Petersburg and Rome, the then Emperor Alexander I completely withdrew the initiative taken.

Death. December 1, 1826, in Petersburg, Russia. Buried in the church of St. Stanislaus in St. Petersburg, which he had founded.

Bibliography. Nitecki, Piotr. Biskupi Kościoła w Polsce w latach 965-1999. Słownik biograficzny. Przedmowa Henryk Gulbinowicz. Warszawa : Instytut Wydawniczy "Pax", Warszawa 2000; Nitecki, Piotr. Kardynałowie Kosścioła w Polsce. Częstochowa : Kuria Metropolitalna w Częstochowie, Tygodnik Katolicki Niedziela, 1999; Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał. Polscy kardynałowie. Kraków : Wydawnictwo WAM, 2001, p. 456-457; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 274 and 293; Wołoszyński, Ryszard. "Siestrzeńcewicz Stanisław Jan", In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny, Warsaw 1996-1997, volume 37, p. 375-380.