The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary

The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
Pope Pius IX (1846-1878)
Consistory of December 21, 1846 (I)

(1) 1. BALUFFI, Gaetano
(1788-1866)

Birth. March 28 (1), 1788, Ancona. Patrician of Ancona. Third child of Pietro Baluffi (1762-1833), owner of a carpentry shop, and Paola Micheletti, both from Camerino. He was not of noble origin, although his family became ennobled later, but neither was he of humble condition.

Education. Studied at Seminaro-Collegio of Ancona (philosophy, theology and law); and at the University of Fano, where he obtaineda doctorate in utroque iuris, both civil and canon law, on September 2, 1820.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 9, 1811. In Ancona, literary writer; professor of rhetoric; supreme moderator of the schools of the city's lyceum; canon of the cathedral chapter; pro-vicar general of the diocese of Ancona, 1824-1833.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bagnoregio (before Bagnorea), July 29, 1833. Consecrated, August 18, 1833, church of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini, Rome, by Cardinal Carlo Odescalchi, assisted by Costantino Patrizi, titular archbishop of Filipo, and by Gabriele Ferretti, titular archbishop of Seleucia. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, December 19, 1834. Internuncio to Nueva Granada (Colombia) and apostolic delegate to Nueva Granada and South America, except Brazil, September 9, 1836 (2); he left Bogotá on June 30, 1842. Transferred to the archiepiscopal see of Camerino, with the perpetual administration of Treia, January 27, 1842. Transferred to the titular see of Perge, April 21, 1845. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, April 22, 1845. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1845. Transferred to the see of Imola, with the title of archbishop, September 21, 1846.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 21, 1846 (3); received red hat and title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, June 14, 1847.

Death. November 11, 1866, Imola. Exposed in the cathedral of Imola and buried in the cemetery of that city (4).

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, cols. 302-309; "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, p. 127; Castillo-Illingworth, J. Santiago. "La Iglesia en la Argentina en las Instrucciones dadas a Monseñor Gaetano Baluffi, primer Internuncio para la América Meridional. 1837." in Revista Archivum n: XX, 2001, de la Junta de Historia Eclesiástica Argentina, p. 1-22; Castillo-Illingworth, J. Santiago. " El proyecto de monarquma americana en la correspondencia del Internuncio Gaetano Baluffi. 1837" in Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesiástica Ecuatoriana, N0 19, 1999, p. 1-21; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956 . Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, p. 95; Pinilla Cote, Alfonso María. Del Vaticano a la Nueva Granada : la internunciatura de monseñor Cayetano Baluffi en Bogotá, 1837-1842, primera en Hispanoamérica. Bogotá : Fundación para la Conmemoración del Bicentenario del Natalicio y el Sesquicentenario de la Muerte del General Francisco de Paula Santander, 1988; Restrepo Posada, José. "Galería de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Historia Eclesiástica, V (January-June, 1970), pp. 172-188; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 103, 130 and 302; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 9 and 49; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 433, 537, 546, 555, 575, 585, 602, 617, 619 and 636.

Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 302; and Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 103; all the other sources consulted say that he was born on March 29, 1788.
(2) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 103; and De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956 , p. 95; Restrepo Posada, José. "Galería de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia", p. 172, says that he was named on May 16, 1836.
(3) According to Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 433, he was one of the four cardinals created by Pope Gregory XVI in the consistory of April 21, 1845 and whose publication was made impossible by the death of the pope.
(4) This is the inscription in his memorial situated in the second chapel (from the doors) on the north side (the Cappella della B. Vergine delle Laudi); on the east wall thereof (opposite the memorial to Cardinal Ulisse Giuseppe Gozzadini), kindly provided by Mr. Mark West, from London:

CAIETANO BALUFFIO PATRICIO ANCONITANO
QUEM A PIO IX P · M · SUCCESSOREM SIBI IN FORI CORNELII PONTIFICATU DELECTUM
MOX OMNIUM PRIMUM INTER P P CARDINALES COOPTATUM
FOROCORNELIENSES EX QUOVIS ORDINE
OB VIRTUTES AC DOCTRINAM PER ANN · XX MAGNO OBSEQUIO ET STUDIO COLUERUNT
VITA FUNCTUM III · ID · NOVEMB · A · MDCCCLXVI
AET · LXXIX SUMMO LUCTU COMPLORARUNT
ALOISIUS SOD FRANCISCALIS CAPUI HERES AB INTESTATO MONUMNETUM EXSTARE IUSSIT
FRATRI DIGNITATE ET MERITIS EMINENTISSIMO

(2) 2. FORNARI, Raffaele
(1787-1854)

Birth. January 23, 1787 (1), Rome. Son of Francesco Fornari, official of the Roman Curia, originally from Pontremoli, and Teresa Galli.

Education. Studied at Seminario Romano, Rome; and at Collegio Romano, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in theology.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Economous ad interim of Collegio e Seminario Romano, 1815; economous, 1817-1821.Professor of dogmatic theology, Pontifical Gregorian University, November 1823 to 1838. Counselor of several Roman congregations. Chamberlain of honor in abito paonazzo, 1832. Canonist at the tribunal of the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, 1832-1834; its datary, 1835-1839. Chargé d'affaires of the nunciature in Belgium, 1838; internuncio, December 4, 1838 until 1842.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Nicea, January 24 (2), 1842. Nuncio in Belgium, March 21, 1842. Consecrated, April 3, 1842, at the metropolitan cathedral of St. Rombaud, Mechelen, Belgium, by Cardinal Engelbert Sterckx, archbishop of Mechelen, assisted by Cornelius van Bommel, bishop of Liège, and by François René Boussen, bishop of Bruges. Nuncio in France, December 12, 1842 (3). Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, January 24, 1843.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal in the consistory of December 21, 1846 and reserved in pectore; published in the consistory of September 30, 1850; received red hat and title of S. Maria sopra Minerva, April 10, 1851. Prefect of the S.C. of Studies from June 7, 1851 until his death.

Death. June 15, 1854, at 9 a.m., after a brief illness followed by a pernicious fever, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria in Vallicella, Rome, June 18, 1854; the funeral mass, celebrated by Cardinal Gabriele Ferretti, camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, took place in that church on June 19, 1854, with the participation of Pope Pius IX. The cardinal's remains were buried in his title.

Webgraphy. Biography by Giuseppe Monsagrati, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 49 (1997), Treccani; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 282; Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 927; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 61; and Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 465, indicate that he was born on January 23, 1788; "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, p. 113, says that he was born on January 23, 1783.
(2) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 282; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 61; and Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 464, indicate that he was elected on January 25, 1842.
(3) This is according to De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 127, citing Simon, Alois. Correspondence du Nonce Fornari, 1835-1842. Bruxelles; Rome, Analecta Vaticano-Belgicana, 1956, p.VII; and Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 464; Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 282, says that he was named on January 14, 1843.

(3) 3. MARINI, Pietro
(1794-1863)

Birth. October 5, 1794, Rome, Papal States. Son of Neapolitan Architect Francesco Saverio Marini (+ 1817) and Irene De Dominicis. Baptized in the patriarchal Vatican basilica in 1794; his godfather was Cardinal Gregorio Barnaba Chiaramonti, O.S.B.Cas., future Pope Pius VII. Ancestor of Cardinal Niccolò Marini (1916).

Education. Studied letters and philosophy at Seminario Romano, from 1804 to 1810; then, at La Sapienza University, Rome, obtaining a doctorate ad honorem in utroque iure, both canon and civil law on July 24, 1816. He also obtained the title of advocate at the Roman Curia.

Early life. Civil assessor of the province of Romagna, 1817-1820, because of his family's friendship with Cardinal Alessandro Malvasia, Legate in that province. There he founded the Malvasian Accademia, which he presided in 1809. Named patrician of Ravenna by the city, 1820. Received the ecclesiastical tonsure in 1821. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, September 9, 1821. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government, March 1822. Member of the Congregation of the Fabric of Saint Peter's basilica. Auditor of the camerlengo, Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca, 1823-1824. Honorary member of the literary Academy of S. Luca, 1824. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, 1824-1825. Auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, October 8, 1826.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 27, 1844. Governor of Rome, vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and director general of police, April 22, 1845 until December 21, 1846.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 21, 1846; received the red hat, December 23, 1846; and the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere, April 12, 1847. His cardinalitial motto was Ne quid nimis. Apostolic legate in the province of Forlì, October 29, 1847. Prefect of the economy of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide and president of the Camera degli Spoglie, March 18, 1852. Protector of the city of Urbino, June 5, 1852. Protector of the city of Forlimpopoli, June 9, 1856. Prefect of the Tribunal of the Signature of Justice, February 3, 1858. Protector of the city of Fabriano, December 4, 1858. Honorary member of the Accademia di Archeologia. He resided in Collegio S. Carlo ai Catinari.

Death. August 19, 1863, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Carlo ai Catinari, the funeral took place on August 24, 1863, with the participation of Pope Pius IX. Buried in his deaconry, S. Nicola in Carcere.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, p. 124; Del Re, Niccolò. Monsignore governatore di Roma. Rome : Istituto di Studi Romani Editore, 1972, p. 127; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 9 and 55; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), V, 133; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 479, 537, 542, 563, 566, 575, 589, 612, 615, 618, 643 and 648; Zanelli, Domenico. Elogio del cardinale Pietro Marini : recitato alla pontificia Accademia di archeologia. Roma : Tip. delle Belle Arti, 1863. Responsibility: dal canonico Domenico Zanelli.

Webgraphy. Biography by Dante Marini, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 70 (2007), Treccani; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Pietro Card. Marini, 1794-1863 : reminiscenze / di Mons. Niccolò Marini, Roma : V. Salviucci, 1902.

(4) 4. BOFONDI, Giuseppe
(1795-1867)

Birth. October 24, 1795, Forlì. Of a patrician family with liberal traditions. Second son of Count Antonio Bofondi, who was mayor of Forlì in 1791, and Marchioness Cristina Romagnoli, originally from Cesena. His last name is also listed as Boffondi.

Education. First studies at home; then, attended Collegio di Ravenna (humanities and philosophy); and finally, the University of Bologna, where he obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, in 1817.

Early life. He started practicing law at the Roman Curia. Referendary prelate of the Signatures of Justice and of Grace, February 7, 1821. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota for Romagna, March 8, 1822; became its dean, January 24, 1842. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, 1823. In 1830, as vicar general of Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca he administered the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia e Velletri. Protector of Agugliano, January 26, 1846. Pro-legate extraordinary in Ravenna, October 31, 1846 to May 1847.

Sacred orders. (Not information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal in the consistory of December 21, 1846 and reserved in pectore; published in the consistory of June 11, 1847; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Cesareo in Palatio, June 14, 1847. Member of the SS.CC. of Bishops and Regulars; and of the Tridentine Council. Apostolic legate in the city of Ferrara, August 17, 1847. Apostolic legate in the city and province of Ravenna, October 29, 1847 to January 1848. Member of the prefecture of Public Affairs of the Church, president moderator of the Supreme Council of Public Affairs, and president of the Supreme Council of External Affairs with the States, January 2, 1848. Secretary of State, February 1 to March 10, 1848. He joined Pope Pius IX in Gaeta, where he had to escape due to the Revolution of 1848, on December 6, 1848. After the restoration of the papal government in 1850, he was member of the S.C. of Studies. Prefect of the S.C. of the Census, July 11, 1850; occupied the post until his death.

Death. December 2, 1867. Exposed and buried in the church of S. Maria in Portico, Rome. The funeral took place in that church on December 6, 1867, with the participation of Pope Pius IX. There is a street in Rome named after him.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, p. 129; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 9 and 54; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 441, 536, 538, 557, 570, 612, 617, 619, 639, 718 and 741.

Webgraphy. Biography by Giuseppe Pignatelli, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 11 (1969), Treccani; his engraving and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; his arms, engraving and biography, in Italian, Cathopedia; his arms and engraving, Araldica Vaticana; Il Cardinale Giuseppe Bofondi 1795 - 1867 by Ermanno Pasini, in Italian, La Ludla, Periodico dell’Associazione “Istituto Friedrich Schürr”, novembre 1999, n.17, p. 4-5; All'eminentissimo principe il cardinale Giuseppe Bofondi nel giorno del suo avvenimento alla Sacra Porpora, Tommaso Sauli Sajani suo concittadino. Roma 1847. Tipografia dei Classici di Giuseppe Brancadoro Via della Gatta No. 9. Con facoltà, Google Books; Carta Topografica di Roma e Comarca Disegnata ed Incisa nell'Officio del Censo alla Scala di 1:80.000 l'Anno XVII del Pontificato di N. Signore Papa Pio IX per Ordine dell'E.mo e R.mo Presidente Cardinale Giuseppe Bofondi - Civita-Vecchia, Istituto geografico militare, 2012.