The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
Pope Pius IX (1846-1878)
Consistory of December 22, 1873 (XVII)

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(82) 1. MORAIS CARDOSO, Inácio do Nascimento
(1811-1883)

Birth. December 20, 1811, Murcia (or Murça), archdiocese of Braga, Portugal. Son of Hipólito Morais Cardoso, captain major of São Mamede de Ribauta, parish of the council of Alijó, and his wife, Eufémia Joaquina. The family was sufficiently affluent to provide Inácio a good education. His last name is also listed as Moraes Cardoso do Nascimento; and as Cardoso only.

Education. After finishing the humanities, he entered the University of Coimbra to study law on October 5, 1827; because of the civil war that divided the Kingdom of Portugal between absolutists and liberals, he had to return home; influenced by his uncle, Frei Inácio da Purificação, who was the librarian of Mafra, he embraced the ecclesiastical life and entered the Seminary of Braga. Received the sacrament of confirmation, the insignias of the clerical character, and the minor orders on September 20, 1833. Later, he returned to the University of Coimbra and obtained a licentiate in theology in 1853.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 19, 1835, in the chapel of the episcopal palace of Coimbra. Treasurer of the church da Misericódia of Lisbon; chaplain and confessor of King D. Pedro V of Portugal; treasurer of the Royal Chapel das Necessidades; canon of its patriarchal chapter, and pro synodal examiner; coadjutor of the cardinal patriarch in the parish of the royal palace, January 22, 1854 to 1863. Decorated with the Order of Nossa Senhora da Conceição.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Faro (Algarve), September 28, 1863. Consecrated, February 14, 1864, church of São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon, by Cardinal Manuel Bento Rodrigues da Silva, patriarch of Lisbon, assisted by João de Franca Castro e Moura, bishop of Porto, and by António Alves Martin, bishop of Viseu. Took possession of the see the following February 20, by means of his procurator, Joaquim Manuel Rasquinho, dean of the cathedral chapter; he made the solemn entrance in the diocese on March 23. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870. On April 16, 1871, he published a pastoral letter protesting the occupation of Rome by the Italian troops; the document provoked a great controversy among the newspapers, influenced by the Freemasonry, and led to proposals that the patriarch be processed and deprived. Presented by King Luís of Portugal for the see of Lisbon on March 18, 1871 (1). Promoted to the patriarchal see of Lisbon, April 25, 1871. Took possession of the see on the following June 19. He was the eleventh patriarch of Lisbon and was called by the name D. Inécio I.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; the pope sent him the red biretta with an apostolic brief dated December 23, 1873; King Luís of Portugal imposed the red biretta on the new cardinal on January 14, 1874, in the royal chapel; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, June 25, 1877. He headed the Portuguese pilgrimage to Rome on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the episcopal consecration of Pope Pius IX. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII.

Death. February 23 (2), 1883, in the early morning, Lisbon. Exposed in the patriarchal palace of São Vicente; 100,000 persons passed before his body during two days; buried in the patriarchal and metropolitan cathedral of Lisbon (3) and (4).

Bibliography. "Ignazio do Nascimento Moraes Cardoso" in "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 177; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 655-656; "Morais Cardoso (D. Inácio do Nascimento)." Grande Enciclopédia Portuguesa e Brasileira. Illustrada com cêrca de 15.000 gravuras e 400 hors-textes a cõres. Lisboa; Rio de Janeiro : Editorial Enciclopédia, limitada [1936-60]. 40 vols., XVII, 818; Ramos, Rui, "D. Inácio do Nascimento Morais Cardonoso" in Os patriarcas de Lisboa. Coordenação D. Carlos Azevedo, Sandra Costa Saldanha, António Pedro Boto de Oliveira. Palavra de apresentação do Cardeal Patriarca, D. José da Cruz Policarpo. Lisboa : Centro Cultural do Patriarcado de Lisboa; Alêtheia Editores, 2009, p. 109-118; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 51, 346 and 450-451.

Webgraphy. Brief biography in Os Cardeais Portugueses, in Portuguese, patriarcado de Lisboa; portrait and biography, in Portuguese, Wikipedia; biography, in Portuguese, dodouronetpress, portrait and biography, in Portuguese, Município de Murça; portraits, photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana

(1) His nomination, recommended by Minister Saraiva de Carvalho of Justice without consulting the cabinet of Primer Minister António José de Ávila, who preferred João Crisóstomo de Amorim Pessoa, archbishop of Goa e Damão, primate of the Indies, produced a governmental crisis.
(2) This is according to all the sources consulted except "Ignazio do Nascimento Moraes Cardoso" in "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 177, says that he died on February 24, 1883.
(3) This is according to "Ignazio do Nascimento Moraes Cardoso" in "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 177; and LeBlanc, Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle, p. 656. Other sources say that he was buried in the pantheon of the patriarchs of Lisbon in the Church and Monastery of São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon.
(4) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

D. INÁCIO DO NASCIMENTO MORAIS CARDOSO
MDCCCLXXI-MDCCCLXXXIII


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(83) 2. RÉGNIER, René-François
(1794-1881)

Birth. July 17, 1794, Saint-Quentin-les Beaurepaire, diocese of Angers, France. Fifth child of François Régnier and Renée Périgois (1772-1843), modest farmers. He was the only surviving son, as three other brothers died in childhood. Because he was born during the French Revolution's Terror, his baptism was done clandestinely, and only in 1799 he received it publicly sub conditione.

Education. He studied as an external student at the military school of La Flèche (1809-1810); at the Ecclesiastical School of Angers (November 1810); and at Angers Lyceum (November 1811), before entering the Major Seminary of Angers (1813). Since 1816, before being ordained, he was professor of philosophy at the Minor Seminary of Beaupréau.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 19, 1818. In the diocese of Angers, vicar in the parish of Sainte-Marie Vierge, Beaupréau, for seven years; provisor of the Royal College of Angers from October 1823 to July 183; he was then curate of Pouangé. Honorary canon of the cathedral chapter of Angers; titular canon of its cathedral canon. His appointment as vicar general, proposed as early as 1830, was delayed until April 1832, by the opposition of the new government of Louis Philippe. Then he was vicar capitular at the death of the bishop (July 1839-February 1840) and again to the death of his successor (September 1841-August 1842).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Angoulême, July 22, 1842. Consecrated, September 25, 1842, Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, by Denis Affre, archbishop of Paris, assisted by Pierre Bonamie, titular archbishop of Calcedonia, and by François Morlot, archbishop-elect of Tours. His episcopal motto was Charitas Christi urget nos. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, November 9, 1847. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Cambrai, September 30, 1850. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the red hat, December 31, 1877; and the title of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio, May 4, 1874. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1878.

Death. January 3 (1), 1881, Cambrai. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Cambrai.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 174-175; Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 463-464; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p. 187; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 53, 175-176.

Webgraphy. His photograph by Pierre Petit, musée d'Orsay, Paris, France; engraving, photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 18 and 53; the same source, 18, note 6, says that he died the night of January 3 to 4, 1881; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 175, says that he died on January 3, 1881; Chapeau, Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973, pp. 463-464, says that he died on January 4, 1881; his monument in the parish church of Saint-Quentin, photo linked above, says that he died on January 4.


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(84) 3. TARNÓCZY, Maximilian Joseph von
(1806-1876)

Birth. October 24, 1806, Schwatz, diocese of Brixen, Austria. Eldest son of Franz Xaver von Tarnóczy (1756-1837), of Hungarian origin, secretary and librarian to Archduchess Maria Isabel of Austria, sister of Emperor Joseph II, and his second wife Katharina von Sprinzenberg (1776-1837), from Tyrol. Received the sacrament of confirmation, October 5, 1808.

Education. Studied at the Gymnasium of Innsbruck (humanities); at the Seminary of Salzburg (theology); and at the University of Vienna, where he earned a doctorate in theology on May 14, 1829. Received the insignias of the clerical character and the minor orders on November 25, 1824; the subdiaconate on August 31, 1828; and the diaconate on September 7, 1828.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 25, 1829, Salzburg. In the archdiocese of Salzburg, professor of dogmatic theology in the imperial-royal lyceum, August 19, 1832; canon of its metropolitan chapter, 1844.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Salzburg, February 17, 1851. Had been proposed by the cathedral chapter, October 24, 1850. Consecrated, June 1, 1851, Salzburg, by Cardinal Friedrich Johannes Jacob Celestin von Schwarzenberg, archbishop of Prague, assisted by Joseph Othmar von Rauscher, bishop of Seckau; by Anton Martin Slomšek, bishop of Lavant; by Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleitheim, bishop of Trent; and by Balthasar Schitter, titular bishop of Dulma, auxiliary of Salzburg. The archbishops of Salzburg have the title of Primas Germaniæ since 1648. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, April 21, 1857. Participated in the First Vatican Council (1869-1870).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the title of S. Maria in Aracoeli, May 4, 1874; apparently, he never received the red hat.

Death. April 4, 1876, Salzburg. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Salzburg (1).

Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 50 and 492-493.

Webgraphy. His photograph, portrait, tomb and biography, in German, Wikipedia; photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

MAXIMILIANVS IOSEPH DE TARNOCZY
CARD · PRINC · ARCHIEPP ·
MDCCCL - MDCCCLXXVI


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(85) 4. CHIGI, Flavio
(1810-1885)

Birth. May 31, 1810, Rome. Of a family of bankers from Siena. Ninth of the twelve children of Prince Agostino Chigi-Albani (1771-1855), prince of Farnese (1793), perpetual marshal of the Conclave and senator of Rome (1809-1814), and Princess Carlotta Amalia Colonna Barberini (1771-1837). Maternal nephew of Cardinal Benedetto Barberini-Colonna (1826). Relative of Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667). Other cardinals members of the family were Flavio Chigi, seniore (1657). Great-great-grand nephew of Cardinal Sigismondo Chigi (1667). Great-grand-nephew of Cardinal Flavio Chigi, iuniore (1753). He is also listed as Flavio III Chigi.

Education. Studied with preceptors; and later, studied theology with the Jesuits of Tivoli.

Early life. Official in the Pontifical Noble Guard from 1836 to 1849. In 1841, he was sent to Lyon to bring the red biretta to new Cardinal Louis-Jacques-Maurice de de Bonald. Proclaimed the Roman Republic, he followed Pope Pius IX to his exile in Gaeta. In 1850 he decided to enter the ecclesiastical state and become a priest. He retired to the Jesuit house in Tivoli where he studied theology with great dedication. In 1852, he was sent to France to bring the red birreta to new Cardinal François-Auguste-Ferdinand Donnet, atchbishop of Bordeaux.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 17, 1853. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1853. Privy chamberlain supernumerary of His Holiness, 1853.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Mira, June 19, 1856. Consecrated, July 6, 1856, Pauline Chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Quirinale, Rome, by Pope Pius IX, assisted by Alessandro Macioti, titular archbishop of Colosso, assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, and by Giuseppe Palermo, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porfireone, papal sacristan. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Alessandro Franchi and Salvatore Nobili Vitelleschi. Nuncio in Bavaria, April 24, 1857 (1). Nuncio in France, October 1 (2), 1861. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, November 12, 1861.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the red hat, March 15, 1877; and the title of S. Maria del Popolo, June 15, 1874. Grand prior commendatario in Rome of the Sovereign Military Order of St. John of Jerusalem, December 21, 1876. Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, December 24, 1876. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, May 13, 1881 to March 27, 1882. Secretary of Memorials, November 10, 1881. Secretary of Apostolic Briefs, March 24, 1884. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Equestrian Orders.

Death. February 15, 1885, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria del Popolo, Rome, and buried, temporarily, in Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 181; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956. Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, pp. 55 and 127-128; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 50, 63 and 398; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 450-451, 586, 720, 740, 747 and 755.

Webgraphy. Biography by Concetta Maria Lipari, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 24 (1980), Treccani; portraits, arms and engraving, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 398; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 55, says that he was named on June 16, 1856.
(3) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 398; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, pp. 55 and 127, says that he was named on September 30, 1861.


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(86) 5. FRANCHI, Alessandro
(1819-1878)

Birth. June 25, 1819, Rome. Son of Vincenzo (or Giuseppe) Franchi, a notary. Received the sacrament of confirmation, November 7, 1828.

Education. Studied at Seminario Romano, Rome, where he earned doctorates in philosophy and theology in 1841); nd at La Sapienza University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law. Received the insignias of the clerical character on April 18, 1829; the subdiaconate on December 19, 1840; and the diaconate on December 18, 1841.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 16, 1842, Rome. Professor of philosophy at Seminario Romano; of diplomacy at the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles; and of church history at the University of Rome, 1848. Attached to the Secretariat of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, April 1, 1842. Minutant adjunct in the Secretariat of State, 1851-1853. Chamberlain d'onore in abito paonazzo, 1852. Chargé d'affaires ad interim in the nunciature in Spain, 1853 to 1856. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, 1853. Referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, February 28, 1856. Internuncio in Tuscany, June 16, 1856 to May 5, 1859. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, 1856.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tessalonica, June 19, 1856. Consecrated, July 6, 1856, Pauline Chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Quirinale, Rome, by Pope Pius IX, assisted by Alessandro Macioti, titular archbishop of Colosso, assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, and by Giuseppe Palermo, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porfireone, papal sacristan. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Flavio III Chigi and Salvatore Nobili Vitelleschi. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, December 16, 1859. Secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, October 31, 1860 to March 13, 1868. Nuncio in Spain, March 13, 1868; had to leave his post in June 1869 because of the revolution. Legate a latere to Constantinople to solve the schism afflicting the Armenian Church, March 31, 1871.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, January 16, 1874; and the red hat, March 15, 1874. Prefect of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide and Oriental Rites, March 10, 1874 until March 5, 1878. Protector of the Pontifical North American College, Rome, 1874-1878. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Secretary of State, prefect of the Apostolic Palace, and administrator of the Patrimony of the Holy See, March 5, 1878 until his death.

Death. July 31, 1878, in the Vatican Apostolic Palace, Rome, possibly poisoned (1). Exposed in the church of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome; and buried in his family's tomb, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. Arbeloa, V. M. "El nuncio Franchi ante la Revolución de Septiembre de 1868." Scriptorium Victoriense XXII (1975), 5-77; Cárcel Ortiz, Vicente. "El nuncio Franchi en la España prerrevolucionaria de 1868." Scriptorium Victoriense XX (1973), 330-357; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 172; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956. Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, pp. 12, 22, 123, 237 and 238; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 51 and 550; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 466, 547, 730, 740, 749 and 753.

Webgraphy. Biography by Giuseppe Monsagrati, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 50 (1998), Treccani; engravings and photograph, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) “Sembra che il Cardinale Alessandro Franchi sia morto di veleno, perché dopo gli atroci dolori e il violentissimo vomito che pose fine ai suoi giorni, il suo cadavere diventò nero come carbone, e la carne si staccò dalle ossa” -- Rassegna storica del Risorgimento. Santa Sede. Storia. Epistolari. Secolo XIX, p. 172.


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(87) 6. GUIBERT, O.M.I., Joseph-Hippolyte
(1802-1886)

Birth. December 13, 1802, Aix-en-Provence, France. Son of Pierre Guibert (1767-1844), gardener and farmer, and Rose-Françoise Pécout (1784-1858). Baptized on December 19, 1802 in the parish church of his parents, Saint-Jean de Malte. His family moved temporarily (ca.1821-1826) to a farm in Saint-Menet, near Marseille, which his father directed.

Education. He studied in the private school of Abbé Donneau in Aix (ca.1814); and then in the Seminary of Aix (1819) before entering the Society of Missionaries of Provence in 1822 (later Oblates of Mary Immaculate); professed in 1823; and studied at its house in Marseille.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 14, 1825, at the bishop's chapel, Marseille. Destined immediately after the ordination to Nîmes. Missionary in Marseille for many years. Superior of the novitiate of his congregation for two years. Superior of Notre Dame du Laus, diocese of Gap. Transferred to the diocese of Ajaccio, Corsica, in 1835; for nearly seven years was the superior of its major seminary and vicar general.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Viviers, January 24, 1842. Consecrated, March 11 (1), 1842, church of Saint-Cannat, Marseille, by Charles-Eugène de Mazenod, O.M.I., bishop of Marseille, assisted by Toussaint Casanelli d'Istria, bishop of Ajaccio, and by Pierre Chartrousse, bishop of Valence. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, December 26, 1845. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Tours, March 19, 1857. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Paris, October 27, 1871.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the title of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, June 15, 1874 and the red hat, June 25, 1877. Founder of Université Catholique de Paris, now Institut Catholique. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. He was an ascetic man who practiced poverty to the extreme. All he left behind was some old furniture which he had bought more than sixty years earlier.

Death. July 8, 1886, Paris. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Paris. On July 6, 1925, his remains were transferred to the crypt of the basilica of the Sacred Heart in Montmartre, Paris, which he had built. A monument erected on his vault in the crypt shows the cardinal holding a replica of the basilica in his hands.

Bibliography. Les archevêques de Paris (1622-2002). Paris : Letouzey & Ané, 2002, pp. 48-49; Beaudoin, Yvon. Le cardinal Joseph Hippolyte Guibert, Oblat de Marie Immaculie (1802-1886). Rome, Archives générales O.M.I., 2006 (Écrits oblats ; 2.7). Biographie par , o.m.i. ; Correspondance oblate de J.H. Guibert; Du Saussois, Auguste. Le cardinal Guibert (Joseph-Hippolyte) archevêque de Paris, précédemment: évêque de Viviers et archevêque de Tours, 1802-1886. Paris : chez l'auteur, 1887; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 182; Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 329-330; Paguelle de Follenay, J. Vie du Cardinal Guibert, archevêque de Paris. 2 vols. Paris : 1896; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p. 399; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 48, 441 and 572.

Webgraphy. Brief biographical data, in French, Wallon-Pinault; and his funeral oration, pronounced by Adolphe-Louis-Albert Perraud, Orat., bishop of Autun, Chalon and Maçon, in the metropolitan cathedral of Notre Dame of Paris, France, November 17, 1886, Gallica; engravings, arms, portrait and photograph, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Les archevêques de Paris (1622-2002), p. 49; and Chapeau, Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973, pp. 329-330; Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 399, says that he was consecrated on March 13, 1842.


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(88) 7. FALCINELLI ANTONIACCI, O.S.B.Cas., Mariano
(1806-1874)

Birth. November 16 (1), 1806, Assisi. Of a noble family. Son of Giovanni Battista Falcinelli Antoniacci and Aloisia Alessi. His baptismal name was Lorenzo Baldassare Luigi.

Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict, Cassinese, in the abbey of S. Pietro, Assisi; and took the name Mariano. Religious profession, monastery of S. Paolo fuori le mura, Rome, December 18, 1825; University of Florence, Theological Faculty (doctorates in theology and philosophy, June 26, 1846).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 13, 1829, Rome. Lector of theology in the abbey of S. Paolo fuori le mura, 1831; master of novices, 1834; prior of the monastery of Farfa, 1840; secretary chancellor of his order, 1844 for two years; abbot of the monastery of S. Pietro, Assisi, 1846; abbot ordinary of S. Paolo fuori le mura, 1850.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Forlì, March 7, 1853. Consecrated, April 17 (2), 1853, basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura, Rome, by Cardinal Gabriel della Genga Sermattei, assisted by Antonio Ligi Bussi, O.F.M. Conv., titular archbishop of Iconio, and by Giuseppe Castellani, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porfireone, papal sacristan. Promoted to the titular see of Atena, December 21, 1857. Internuncio and extraordinary envoy to Brazil, March 30, 1858 (3) to 1863. Nuncio in Austria, August 14 (4), 1863 to 1874.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the title of S. Marcello, May 4, 1874; never received the red hat. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1874.

Death. May 29, 1874, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of S. Maria in Trastevere; and buried, temporarily, in the chapel of S. Lorenzo, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome. Transferred to the chapel of the cemetery of Assisi.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876. Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, pp. 135-136; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956. Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, pp. 47 and 77; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 49, 128 and 275; Squicciarini, Donato. Nunzi apostolici a Vienna. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1998, pp. 218-221; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 460.

Webgraphy. Biography by Giuseppe Monsagrati, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 44 (1994), Treccani.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 275; and Squicciarini, Nunzi apostolici a Vienna, p. 218; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, p. 135; Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 77; and Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 460, say that he was born on November 10, 1806.
(2) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 275; Squicciarini, Nunzi apostolici a Vienna, p. 218, says that he was consecrated on April 7, 1853.
(3) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 128; and Squicciarini, Nunzi apostolici a Vienna, p. 218; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 128, says that he was named on December 14, 1857.
(4) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 128; and Squicciarini, Nunzi apostolici a Vienna, p. 218; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, pp. 47 and 77, says that he was named on August 6, 1863.


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(89) 8. BARRIO Y FERNÁNDEZ, Mariano Benito
(1805-1876)

Birth. November 22 (1), 1805, Jaca, Spain. Son of Manuel Barrio and María Fernández, of modest condition. Received the sacrament of confirmation, June 8, 1806.

Education. Attended the Piarist School in Jaca; then he took three courses of philosopy and two of theology in the Dominican convent of Jaca; later, he took one course of theology at the Franciscan convent of Geroba; and finally, he attended the University of Huesca, where he took three courses in theological institutions, obtaining a bachelor in theology on October 28, 1825; and three in canons, obtaining a bachelor in canons on December 28, 1826; and a licentiate in canons in February 1834; finally, he obtained a doctorate in canon law in 1834. He was substitute professor of Scriptures from 1827 to 1829.

Priesthood. Ordained, 1830. Professor of canon law at the University of Huesca. He was a lawyer of the Royal Councils. In the diocese of Teruel y Albarracín, secretary of the bishop; provisor and chancellor secretary, 1828-1833; vicar general, 1838-1847. Professor of Ecclesiastical Discipline at the University of Huesca from 1840 to 1844. In the diocese of Palencia, he was provisor and vicar general, 1847.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Cartagena, December 17, 1847. Consecrated, Sunday, March 5, 1848, cathedral of Palencia, by Carlos Laborda Clau, bishop of Palencia, assisted by José Antonio Ribadeneyra, bishop of Valladolid, and by Agustín Lorenzo Varela, bishop of Salamanca. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, July 23, 1858. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Valencia, March 18, 1861. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, January 16, 1874; never received the red hat.

Death. November 20, 1876, Valencia. Exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Valencia and buried in the left wall of the chapel of the Most Holy Trinity of that cathedral (2).

Webgraphy. Biography by Vicente Cárcel Ortí, in Spanish, Diccionario Biográfico Español, DB~e; Portrait and biography by Arturo Llin Cháfer, in Spanish, archidiócesis de Valencia; biographical data by María José Vilar, in Spanish, Carthaginensia, no. 28 (1999), p. 413-448.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, p. 186; Guitarte, Episcopologio Español (1700-1867), p. 183, indicates that he was born on November 21, 1805.
(2) This is the text of his epitaph, kindly provided by Mr. Mark West, from London, England:

D    O    M
Emus. ac Rmus.
Dr. D. Marianus Barrio Fernandez
S.R.E.
Presbyter Cardinalis
Natus Jaccae
Die 21 Nov
1805.
Ad Episcopatum
Carthaginiensem
Assumptus 1847.
Ad Valentinum
Archiepiscopatum
1864.
A Pio IX. P.M.
Cardinalis Creatus
1873.


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(90) 9. OREGLIA DI SANTO STEFANO, Luigi
(1828-1913)

Birth. July 9, 1828, Bene Vagienna, diocese of Mondovì. Son of Carlo Giuseppe Luigi Oreglia (1795-1851), a military, second baron of Santo Stefano, and his first wife, Teresa Gotti di Selerano (1796-1831). One of his brothers, the eldest, Giuseppe, entered the Society of Jesus and was director of La Civiltà Cattolica from 1865 to 1868; another brother, Federico (1830-1912), was among the first lay partners of the Salesians of Don Bosco (1862), although in 1869 he joined the Society of Jesus. Giovanni Bosco, future saint, was a friend of his family and visited his house frequently.

Education. Cleric of the diocese of Mondovì. Studied at the Jesuit Convitto dei Nobile al Carmine, Turin; at the Seminary of Turin; and at the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, from 1853 to 1859, obtaining a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law.

Priesthood. Ordained, 1851; on February 22, he celebrated his first mass in the church of the Confraternity of Mercy in Bene Vagienna. Further studies in Rome, 1853 to 1858. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Canon of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome. Worked at the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, 1857-1858. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, April 15, 1858. Prelated adjunct of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, 1859-1866. Attached to the secretariat of State until 1863. Internuncio in Holland, March 16, 1863 to 1866.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Damietta, May 4, 1866. Consecrated, May 13, 1866, Rome, by Cardinal Ludovico Altieri, bishop of Albano, assisted by Pietro de Villanova Castelacci, titular archbishop of Petra di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome, and by Alessandro Franchi, titular archbishop of Tessalonica, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Nuncio in Belgium, May 15 (1) , 1866 to 1868. Nuncio in Portugal, May 29 (2) , 1868 to 1873.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the title of S. Anastasia, January 16, 1874; and the red hat, March 15, 1874. Prefect of the S.C. of Indulgences and Relics, December 23, 1876. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 27, 1882 until March 15, 1883. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, March 24, 1884. Abbot commendatario perpetuo and ordinary of Ss. Vincenzo ed Anastasio alle Tre Fontane. Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and archchancellor of the Roman University, March 27, 1885 until his death. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, May 24, 1889. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velletri, November 30, 1896. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and prefect of the S.C. Ceremonial. Legate a latere for the opening of the Holy Door at the patriarchal basilica of S. Paolo fuori le mura, for the beginning of the Holy Year of 1900, December 14, 1899. Legate a latere for the closing of the Holy Door at the patriarchal basilica of S. Paolo fuori le mura, for the ending of the Holy Year of 1900, December 17, 1900. Participated in the conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X, and formally charged Rafael Merry del Val, titular archbishop of Nicea, secretary of the conclave, with asking Cardinal Giuseppe Sarto to accept his election to the papacy.

Death. December 7, 1913, of pneumonia, in Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, and buried in the chapel of the Pontifical Urban Athenaeum of Propaganda Fide, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome. Last surviving cardinal of Pope Pius IX.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 1914, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1913, p. 64; Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, pp. 129-131; De Camillis, Mario. "Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Luigi." Enciclopedia Cattolica, 12 vols. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l'Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1949-1954, vol. IX, col. 270; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956. Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, pp. 63, 184 and 214; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 693-695; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 44, 45, 46 and 239; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 494, 729, 742, 747 and 754.

Webgraphy. Biography, in English, New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge; biography by Alberto Melloni, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 79 (2013), Treccani; his photograph, Hidden Knowledge, publishers of electronic books; engravings, photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana; I Decani del Sacro Collegio: il Cardinale Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 16 agosto, 2021 / 2:00 PM.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 239, citing the Secretariat of Apostolic Briefs, 5432 f. 357-358'; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 63, gives April 25, 1866, as the date of the communication of the Secretariat of Briefs to the Princes, different from the Secretariat of Apostolic Briefs.
(2). This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 239; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 63, says that he was named on March 16, 1868; and the same source, p. 215, says that he was named on March 13, 1868.


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(91) 10. SIMOR, János
(1813-1891)

Birth. August 23, 1813, Székesfehérvár. He was the fifth child of a rich shoe maker, Antal Simor, from a family of rural descent, and Terezia Fejes (1783-1870), of noble origin. Received the sacrament of confirmation, May 18, 1823.

Education. Studied at Gymnasium of Székesfehérvár; at College of Bratislava; at the Seminary of Nagyszombat, Trnava; at the University of Vienna, where he earned a doctorate in theology on December 8, 1841; and at Collegium Pazmaneum, Vienna. Received the subdiaconate on October 18, 1836; and the diaconate on October 24, 1836.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 28, 1836. Cooperator, parish of St. Theresiam Pestini, Buda, 1836-1839; professor of religion and confessor of the university youth, 1839. Prefect of studies at the Collegium Pazmaneum, 1839-1842; further studies during these years. In the archdiocese of Esztergom, pastor of Bajna, 1842-1846; professor of dogmatic theology of its seminary, 1846; secretary of the vicar capitular, 1847; later, secretary of the archbishop primate. Director of studies and professor of canon law, Collegium Augustineum, Vienna, 1850. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Székesfehérvár. Archdeacon in Buda. Abbot of the abbey of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Széplak. Counselor to Count Leo Thun, royal secretary of cultural affairs. Sent to Rome by Cardinal János Scitovszky with a delicate diplomatic mission to oppose the expansion of the planned Austrian concordat on Hungary, 1854.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Györ, March 19, 1857. Consecrated, June 29, 1857, metropolitan cathedral of Esztergom, by Cardinal János Scitovszky, archbishop of Esztergom, assisted by Ágoston Roskoványi, bishop of Vac, and by Emeric Farkas, bishop of Székesfehérvár. Promoted to the primatial and metropolitan see of Esztergom, February 22, 1867. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1867. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870; opposed the definition of the dogma of papal infallibility; after the council passed it, supported the declaration.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the title of S. Bartolomeo all'Isola, June 15, 1874. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Received the red hat, September 22, 1879, from Pope Leo XIII.

Death. January 23, 1891, Esztergom, of pneumonia. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Esztergom (1).

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 188; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19, 46, 317 and 528; Tusor, Péter. Purpura Pannonica : az esztergomi "bíborosi szék" kialakulásának elozminyei a 17. században = Purpura Pannonica : the "Cardinalitial See" of Strigonium and its Antecedens in the 17th Century. Budapest : Róma : Research Institute of Church History at Péter Pázmány Catholic University, 2005. (Collectanea Vaticana Hungariae, Classis I, vol. 3), pp. 208, 209, 277-278 and 329.

Webgraphy. Biography by Gabriel Adriányi, in German, Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon; his engraving, Magyar Elektronikus Kõnyvrár; his portrait, Úju Ember Magazine; his bust, Magyar Képzömûvészeti Egyetem; photograph and biography, in Hungarian, Györi Életrajzi Lexicon; engravings, arms, portrait and photograph, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:


CINERES . MORTALES . IMMORTALIS . MEMORIAE .
JOANNIS .
S.R.E. TIT. S.BARTHOL . IN . INSVLA .
PRESB. CARD. SIMOR .
AEPPI.STRIGONIEN.PRINC.PRIMAT.R.H.SED.APLICAE.LEG.NATI.ETC.
QVI.È.SEDE.JAVRIN.A D.PRIMAM.REGNI.CATHEDRAM.EVECTVS.
AVITA.PATRIAE.CONSTITVTIONE.REDDITA.S.STEPH.R.CORONA.REGEM.INAVGVRAT.
CONCILIO.OECVM.VATICANO.OPEROSVS.INTEREST.
EIVS.DECRETA.PVBLICAT.VINDICAT.EXPLICAT.
IN.CONCLAVI.POST.OBITVM.SA.ME.PII.PP.IX.PONTIFICIS.ELECTOR.
ECCL.CATHEDR.CONSVMAT.DECORAT.SS.VASIS.VESTIBVSQVE.DITAT.
SIBI.SVCESSORIBVSQVE.AEDES.DIGNAS.STRVIT.
EFFVSA.LIBERALITATE.CLERI.INOPIAM.SVBLEVAT.
IVVENTVTI.VTROQVE.PARENTE.ORBATAE.EDVCANDAE.PROLIBVSQE.TVTANDIS.
ASYLA.APERIT.AEDIFICAT.LARGA.MANV.OBLATO.AERE.FVNDAT.
CHRISTI.PAVPERES.VIVVS.ALIT.DEFVNCTVS.HAEREDES.SCRIBIT.
SCIENTIARVM.BONARVMQVE.ARTIVM.CVLTOR.ET.IN.CLERO.PROMOTOR.
FIDE.IVSTVS.CHARITATE.STRENVVS.
OMNIA.BONI.PASTORIS.OFFICIA.PLENISSIME.EXPLENS.OBIIT.XXIII.JAN.MDCCCXCI.
VIXIT.ANNOS.LXXVII.MENSES.V.IN.SACERDOTIO.LV.IN.EPPATV.XXXIV.
IN.SEDE.AEPPALI.XXIV.


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(92) 11. TARQUINI, S.J., Camillo
(1810-1874)

Birth. September 27, 1810, Marta, diocese of Montefiascone (1). Of a noble family. He was the third of the seven children of Giuseppe Tarquini, originally from Bomarzo, and Maria Anna Durani, from Proceno, a descendant of the Lambertini family of Bologna. Two of his brothers were named Angelo and Francesco.

Education. He entered the Seminary of Montefiascone in May 1820; later, he went to Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law (dissertation: Institutionum juris canonici tabulæ synopticæ juxta ordinem habitum a Joanne Devote, 1835). Entered the Society of Jesus at the novitiate of S. Andrea a Montecavallo, August 27, 1837, after having been ordained a priest; took solemn vows, August 15, 1851.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 21, 1833. Lawyer at the S.C. of the Tridentine Council. Professor of human letters and rhetoric for ten years at the Jesuit schools in Fano, Modena, Piacenza, Fermo, Tivoli and Verona. Professor of canon law, Collegio Romano, Rome, from 1852 until 1868; and 1871 to 1873. Pastoral work, Gesù church, Rome. Contributor to Jesuit journal Civiltà Cattolica. Member of the Pontifical Roman Academy of Archaeology, Rome; of the Imperial and Royal Academy of Science, Lucca; and president of the historical and archaeological sections of the Accademia de' Quiriti. Consultor of the S.C. of the Inquisition, July 11, 1856. Consultor of the SS.CC. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, 1862; and of Propaganda Fide, 1864. Consultor of the S.C. Bishops and Regulars. Pope Pius IX named him pontifical theologian of the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870. The same pope named him theologian of the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary in 1873. He was a world renowned canonist and archaeologist and an eminent theologian, and published numerous works in those disciplines.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere, January 16, 1874; he never received the red hat because he died before the public consistory of March 15, 1874, where they were given by the pope. He accepted the promotion only for religious obedience. He was the first Jesuit named a cardinal in more than a century.

Death. February 15, 1874, of pulmonary disease, in Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, Rome, where the exequies took place, and buried in the chapel of the Society of Jesus at Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876. Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, p. 135; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 19 and 55; Testore, Celestino. "Tarquini, Camillo." Enciclopedia Cattolica, 12 vols. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l'Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1949-1954, vol. IX, col. 27650; "L'Emo. Card. Tarquini Camillo", in L'Università Gregoriana del Collegio Romano nel primo secolo dalla restituzione, 1553-1824-1924. Roma : Tipografia Cuggiani, 1924, 186-187; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 524 and 763.

Webgraphy. Biography by Luca Sandoni, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 95 (2019), Treccani; biography by William Fanning, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; sixty three bibliographic entries of his works, WorldCat; his bust, photograph, arms and portrait, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to all the sources consulted, printed and electronic, except Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, which says that he was born on September 17, 1810; and L'Università Gregoriana del Collegio Romano nel primo secolo dalla restituzione, 1553-1824-1924, p. 186, that say he was born on February 27, 1810.


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(93) 12. MARTINELLI, O.E.S.A., Tommaso Maria
(1827-1888)

Birth. February 4 (1), 1827, parish Sant'Anna, archdiocese of Lucca. Son of Cosma Martinelli and Maddalena Pardini. Brother of Cardinal Sebastiano Martinelli, O.E.S.A. (1901).

Education. Entered the Order of the Hermits of Saint Augustine (Augustinians), Lucca, 1842; professed, April 19, 1844. Augustinian houses of study; Collegio S. Agostino, Rome, 1844 (magister, May 26, 1859).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 22, 1849, Rome, by Cardinal Costantino Patrizi Naro. Pro-regent of the convent of Fermo, 1854. Examen pro-regentia, 1855. Consultor to the Inquisition of Fermo, Montalto, Ripatransone and other nearby places, August 1855. In the monastery and collegio of St. Augustine, Rome, lector; regent of studies and of the school, September 1855. Substitute professor of Holy Scripture at La Sapienza University, Rome, 1856; professor, January 30, 1862 to 1870. Secretary of his order, 1859. Visited Belgium, Holland, Ireland, Bavaria and Bohemia with the superior general of the order, 1862. Consultor of the S.C. of the Index, November 28, 1864. Preached several times in the Sistine Chapel. Elected assistant general of his order in the general chapter of 1865. Member of the Academiæ Religionis Catholicæ, Rome. Examiner in the competition Operam Piam Carolinam. Subdean of the theological faculty of the Roman University. Theologian at the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 22, 1873; received the deaconry of S. Giorgio in Velabro, January 16, 1874; and the red hat, March 15, 1874. Pro-prefect of the S.C. of Studies, March 12, 1874. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Prisca, September 17, 1875. Prefect of the S.C. of Rites and Ceremonies from October 18, 1877 until July 15, 1878. Participated in the conclave of 1878, which elected Pope Leo XIII. Prefect of the S.C. of the Index, July 15, 1878 until his death. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 15, 1883 until March 24, 1884.

Episcopate. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina and the abbey of S. Maria di Farfa, March 24, 1884. Consecrated, March 30, 1884, church of S. Agostino, Rome, by Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, assisted by Francesco Marinelli, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porfireone, sacristan of His Holiness, and by Luigi Sepiacci, O.E.S.A., titular bishop of Callinico. During his episcopate, he was known for his extensive charitable work, such that Saint John Bosco referred to him as the "pearl" of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

Death. March 30, 1888, at 6:45 a.m., in Rome, after a brief and violenta illness. Exposed in the church of S. Agostino, Rome, where the funeral took place on April 4, 1888 at 10 a.m.; the requiem mass was celebrated by Luigi Sepiacci, O.E.S.A., titular bishop of Callinico, secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars; and the final absolution was imparted by Cardinal Carlo Sacconi, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals; eighteen cardinals were in attendance; the remains were buried in the chapel of his order, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 185; Mattioli, Nicola. Raccolta di memorie intorno alla vita dell'eminentissimo Cardinale Tommaso Maria Martinelli : vescovo suburbicario di Sabina, dell'Ordine Romitano di S. Agostino. Roma : Tipografia Poliglotta della S.C. di Propaganda Fide, 1888; L'Osservatore Romano [electronic resource]. Città del Vaticano : L'Osservatore Romano, XXVIII, n. 79 (April 1, 1888), p. 3; and XXVIII, n. 82 (April 5, 1888), p. 3; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 20, 45, 52 and 54; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 480-481, 730, 742, 748 and 752.

Webgraphy. Biography, in Latin, under "Martinelli Fr. Thomas", Bibliographia Augustiniana; portrait and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; portrait, photographs and biography by Eman Bonnici, in English, Find a Grave; arms, engravings, bust and photographs, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 20; and his biography in Latin, linked above; "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 185; and Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 480, say that he was born on February 3, 1827.

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