Birth. May 15, 1920, Reyfoun, diocese of Sarba of the Maronites, Lebanon. From a pious family. Son of Maroun Sfeir and Hanah Fahd. His name in Arabic is نصرالله بطرس صفير; his first name is also listed as Nasr Allah; as Nasrallah Pierre (Boutros); and his last name as Sufayr.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Saint Maron, Gahzir; and at Saint Joseph's University, Beïrut, where he obtained licenciates in philosophy and theology. He was fluent in many languages: Syriac, French, Italian, Aramaic and Latin, as well as his native Arabic, being proficient in both classical and Lebanese dialects.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 7, 1950. From 1951-1955, pastoral ministry in Reyfoun and secretary of Maronite diocese of Damas. From 1956-1961, secretary of the Maronite patriarchate, Bkérké; professor of translation in literature and philosophy at the Marist Brothers Maronite School, Jounieh.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tarso of the Maronites and appointed patriarchal vicar of Antioch of the Maronites, Lebanon, June 19, 1961; confirmed by Pope John XXIII, June 23, 1961. Consecrated, July 16, 1961, Bkerké, by Paul Pierre Meouchi, patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites, assisted by Jean Chedid, O.A.A.M., titular bishop of Arca in Fenicia of the Maronites, patriarchal vicar, and Michel Doumith, bishop of Sarba of the Maronites. His episcopal motto was Gloria Libani Data Est Dei. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Spiritual counselor to the Sovereign Order of Malta, 1980. Elected 76th patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites, April 19, 1986, Bkerké. Received the ecclesiastica communio from Pope John Paul II, May 7, 1986. Attended the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; member of its general secretariat, 1987-1990. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. President of the Assembly of Patriarchs and Catholic Bishops of Lebanon.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal patriarch, November 26, 1994; received the red biretta, November 26, 1994. Attended the Special Assembly for Lebanon of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 26 to December 14, 1995; one of its three presidents delegate. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years of age, May 15, 2000. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". He was one of the presidents delegate ad honorem to the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for the Middle East, which took place from October 10 to 24, 2010, in Vatican City, on the theme "The Catholic Church in the Middle East, communion and testimony. 'The multitude of those who have become believers have only one heart and only one soul' (Acts 4,32)". Resigned the office of patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites in accordance to canon 126 § 2 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO) on February 26, 2011.

Death. May 12, 2019, in Hotel Dieu Hospital in the Achrafieh section of Beirut. The exequies were celebrated on Thursday May 16, 2019, at 4 p.m., in the church of the Resurrection in the Patriarchate of Bkerké. Upon learning the news of the death of Cardinal Sfeir, the pope sent Cardinal Béchara Boutros Raï, O.M.M., patriarch of Antiochia of the Maronites, a telegram of condolence. The body of the late Cardinal was buried in the seat of the Maronite church in the northern town of Bkerké.

Bibliography. Sufayr, Nasr Allah ; Moubarac, Youakim. Le patriarcat maronite et la question libanaise dans les textes de Sa Béatitude le patriarche Mâr Nasrallah-Pierre Sfeir : anthologie. Réunie, traduite et présentée par Y. Moubarac. Paris : Cariscript, 1990. Notes: Translations from Arabic. Title on cover: La question libanaise dans les textes du patriarche Sfeir. Other title: Selections. French. 1990; Question libanaise dans les textes du patriarche Sfeir.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph, arms and biography, in French, Wikipédia; photograph and biography, in Arabic; photographas, Araldica Vaticana; Al-Rahi Delays Africa Trip Due to Sfeir's 'Critical Health Situation', Naharnet, May 8, 2019; photograph and news of his death in Arabic, Maronite Patriarchate, Lebanon, May 12, 2019; Lebanon’s Former Maronite Patriarch Sfeir Dies, VOA, Agence France-Presse, May 12, 2019 3:20 AM; Lebanon’s former Maronite Christian patriarch Sfeir dies by Zeina Karam, Washington Post, AP, May 12 at 4:39 AM; Fallece el cardenal libanés Sfeir, Ecclesia Digital, 12 de mayo de 2019; Morto il cardinale Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, vaticannews.va, 12 maggio 2019, 13:29; Le Liban en deuil après la mort de son emblématique patriarche, Aleteia, 13 mai 2019; Pésame del Papa por la muerte del cardenal Sfeir, patriarca emérito de Antioquía de los Maronitas, Ecclesia Digital, 14 de mayo de 2019; Liban: obsèques ce jeudi du cardinal Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, vaticannews.va, 14 mai 2019, 10:42; Il saluto del Libano al cardinale Sfeir, vaticannews.va, 16 maggio 2019, 13:55, with audio; Participation of the Syriac Orthodox Church at Funeral of Patriarch Sfeir, Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch, May 16, 2019; Lebanese Leaders, Crowds Participate in 'Farewell' Funeral of Cardinal Sfeir by Naharnet Newsdesk, naharnet.com, May 16, 2019; Former Maronite leader’s death unites Lebanon in grief, The National, Abu Dhabi, May 17, 2019 04:38 PM; Tens of thousands of Lebanese bid a final farewell to Patriarch Sfeir, AsiaNews.com, Beirut, 05/17/2019, 18.34; The funeral of Cardinal Nasrallah Sfeir, day of mourning in Lebanon SOS Chretiens d'Orient, Paris, Friday, 17 May 2019; Lebanon bids farewell to prominent ex-Maronite patriarch Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, The New Arab, Al Shahid, 5/18/2019; Uomo libero uomo di pace. Il patriarca Sfeir ricordato dal cardinale Sandri, L'Osservatore Romano, 27 maggio 2019.

(109) 2. VLK, Miloslav
(1932-2017)

Birth. May 17, 1932, Líšnice-Sepekov, diocese of Ceské Budějovice, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic). Of a single mother. He was baptized the day after his birth in the Marian shrine near Sepekov; a maternal aunt was his godmother. In 1938, his mother got married and moved to Zaluzi, near Chysky. He openly talked about his birth to a single mother who refused to have an abortion.

Education. Initial studies in the school of Chysky; Jirsfk Lyceum, Ceské Budějovice; then, at the Minor Seminary of Ceské Budějovice, Ceské Budějovice, 1946-1952, where he obtained a bachelor's degree and the maturita in 1952); after graduating, he was not allowed to go to college, so he worked as a laborer in an automobile factory, "Ceské Budějovice", 1952-1953; then did his military service, Karlovy Vary, 1953-1955; later, studied at Karoly University, Prague, 1955-1960, obtaining a doctorate in archivology; worked as archivist in Trebon, Southern Bohemia; in Jindirchuv Hradec; and in Ceské Budějovice, 1960-1964; on September 30, 1964, he entered Sts. Cyril and Methodius Theological Faculty, Litomerice, where he studied from 1964 to 1968.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 23, 1968, Ceské Budějovice, by Josef Hlouch, bishop of Ceské Budějovice. Secretary to Bishop Hlouch and pastoral ministry in Ceské Budějovice, 1968-1971. On June 1, 1971, he was banned and sent to the remote mountain parishes of Laziste and Zablat', in the district of Prachatice, in the forest of Bohemia, by the Communist authorities. Lost the state permit to exercise his priestly functions in Ceské Budějovice, on June 7, 1971. On November 1, 1972, he was sent to Rozmital prod Tremsinem, parishes of Bohutin and Drahenice, in the region of Pribram. From October 1, 1978 to December 31, 1988, he was prohibited from exercising his priestly ministry. He sought refuge in Prague and there he exercised his pastoral functions clandestinely; he was interrogated several times by the Communist secret police; for ten years he worked as if he was a layman: as a window cleaner from 1978 to 1986; and as the archivist of the Bank of Czechoslovakia, from 1986 to 1988. On January 1, 1989, at the start of the 'turning point', he was permitted to exercise the priestly ministry for a 'trial' year. He became parish priest at Žihobce and Bukovník in the Klatovy region of Western Bohemia. Subsequently, on September 1, 1989, he began to work as a curate on the Bavarian border: at Čachrov, Javorná, Železná Ruda, Běšiny and Stráž na Šumavě. With the "Velvet Revolution" the situation of the country dramatically changed.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of České Budějovice, February 14, 1990; the see had been vacant since 1972, when Bishop Hlouch died. Consecrated, March 31, 1990, by Antonin Liška, titular bishop of Vergi, auxiliary of Prague, assisted by Franz Xaver Eder, bishop of Passau, by Franz Žak, bishop of Sankt Pölten, by Maximilian Aichern, O.S.B., bishop of Linz, and by Ján Sokol, archbishop of Trnava. His episcopal motto was Abi všichni byli jedno (May they be all one). Promoted to the metropolitan see of Prague, and primate of Bohemia, March 27, 1991; he was enthroned on June 1, 1991. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991 and was its special secretary; the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. In June 1992 began the process of the division of Czechoslovakia and on January 1, 1993 were formed two sovereign states: the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia. President of the Council of the European Episcopal Conferences, April 16, 1993 to May 31, 2001. President of the Czech Episcopal Conference from 1993 until 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, November 26, 1994. Member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications. Special papal envoy to the celebrations in honor of St. Zdislava di Lemberk, Jablonné, Czech Republic, May 28, 1995. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; by papal appointment. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. In 2002, President Vaclav Havel awarded him the Czech Republic’s senior Masaryk Prize in recognition of his work for democracy and human rights. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. He met the president of the Czech Republic, Vaclav Klaus, on May 17, In 2007, and on tin occasion of his 75th birthday the Plaque of Honour was conferred on him. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". On Sunday March 1, 2009, he received the "Medal of Reconciliation," the highest award by the Ackermann Gemeinde in Prague. In September 2009, he welcomed Pope Benedict XVI in his visit to Prague and the Czech Republic. On February 13, 2010, his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Prague was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The cardinal was apostolic administrator of Prague until the installation of his successor, Dominik Jaroslav Duka, O.P., until then bishop of Hradec Králové, on April 10, 2010. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on May 17, 2012. On May 2, 2015, he was named special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 600th anniversary of the death of Jan Hus, planned in the city of Prague on July 5 and 6, 2015.

Death. March 18, 2017, in the morning, in Prague, after battling cancer for several years (1). After learning the news of the death of Cardinal Vlk, Pope Francis sent Cardinal Dominic Duka, O.P., archbishop of Prague, a telegram of condolence. The funeral Mass was presided by Cardinal Duka in the metropolitan cathedral of Sts. Vitus, Wenceslas and Adalbert. Burial followed in the nová arcibiskupská kaple (New Archbishopric Chapel), in that metropolitan cathedral.

Bibliography. Boudre, Alain. Laveur de vitres et archevêque : biographie de Mgr Miloslav Vlk (Prague). Preface by Václav Havel. Paris : Nouvelle Cité, 1994. (Récit); Regina, Sara. Miloslav Vlk : da lavavetri a cardinale. Torino : Edizione San Paolo, 1998.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph, arms and biography, in czech, archdiocese of Prague; photograph, arms and biography, in English, archdiocese of Prague; photograph and biography, in German, archdiocese of Prague; photograph, arms and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; list of the archbishops of Prague, archdiocese of Prague; Arcibiskupství praž ské oslaví 80. narozeniny kardinála Miloslava Vlka, in Czech, archdiocese of Prague; The German shepherd bids farewell to a 'wolf in winter' by John L. Allen Jr., National Catholic Reporter, Sep. 25, 2009; Il Cardinale della chiesa del silenzio: muore Miloslav Vlk by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Praga, 18 marzo, 2017 / 12:00 AM; Kardinál Vlk odešel, in Czech, Katolická církev v České republice, Stránky provozované Českou biskupskou konferencí; Kondolenční telegram papeže Františka ke skonu kardinála Miloslava Vlka, in Czech, Katolická církev v České republice, Stránky provozované Českou biskupskou konferencí; Francisco expresa su admiración por el fallecido cardenal polaco Miloslav Vlk by Sergio Mora, Zenit, Ciudad del Vaticano, 18 marzo 2017; Pésame del Papa por la muerte del Cardenal que defendió la fe durante el comunismo by Miguel Pérez Pichel, ACI, Vaticano, 18 Mar. 17 / 12:50 pm; Cardinal Vlk's funeral to be in Prague Cathedral on Saturday, Prague, Czech News Agency (ČTK), 20 March 2017; Il Cardinale Vlk: tenacia e fedeltà oltre la persecuzione by Marco Mancini , ACI Stampa, Praga, 18 marzo, 2022 / 2:00 PM.

Birth. November 25, 1917, in via Sant'Antonino numero 21, Piacenza, Italy. Son of Giuseppe Poggi, a tailor of liturgical vestments, who worked under the shade of the steeple of Sant'Antonino's basilica. The family was composed of six children, Luigi, the cardinal; Carlo, the bishop; a sister and a set of triplets.

Education. Studied at Collegio Alberoni, Piacenza; at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare" from 1940 to 1944, obtaining a doctorate in utroque iuris in July 1944; and at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome, from 1944 to 1946 (diplomacy).

Priesthood. Ordained, July 28, 1940. After a few months as vice pastor in the parish of S. Francesco in Piacenza, he was sent to Rome to further his studies. From 1940 to 1944, pastoral ministry, Rome, for two years in the parish of Santi Fabiano e Venanzio, and later, for another two years in the church of Valcannuta, next to the Pontifical Brazilian College. From 1944 to 1946, pastoral ministry in the parish of San Salvatore in Lauro, and later, in Collegium Tarsicii, erected in the church of Santa Lucia di via Monte Brianzo. Joined the Vatican secretariat of State in the section of relations with the States in 1945. From 1947 to 1950 he was in charge of the spiritual assistance of the detainees in the jail of Regina Coeli of Rome. Named privy chamberlain supernumerary of His Holiness on June 15, 1949. Named domestic prelate of His Holiness on April 14, 1960. In charge of the mission to Republic of Tunisia for the modus vivendi with Holy See on the legal situation of the church in the spring of 1963; he negotiated a modus vivendi with that country, which was signed in the spring of 1964.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Forontoniana and appointed apostolic delegate to Central Africa (Cameroun, Chad, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, and Centroafrican Republic), with see in Yaoundé, April 3, 1965. Consecrated, May 9, 1965, basilica of S. Carlo al Corso, Rome, by Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, secretary of State, assisted by Antonio Samorè, titular archbishop of Tirnovo, secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Umberto Malchiodi, archbishop-bishop of Piacenza. His episcopal motto was In fide et caritate. Pro-nuncio in Cameroun, October 31, 1966. Pro-nuncio in Gabon, October 31, 1967. Pro-nuncio in Centroafrican Republic, November 4, 1967. Nuncio in Perú, May 21, 1969. Nuncio with special charge to improve relations with Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Rumania and Bulgaria, August 1, 1973. Chief of the Vatican delegation for permanent working contact with Poland, February 7, 1975. Nuncio in Italy, April 19, 1986. On September 17, 1988, he consecrated his younger brother Carlo as bishop of Fidenza; his brother died in 1997. Pro-archivist and pro-librarian of the Holy Roman Church, April 9, 1992 until November 26, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Maria in Domnica, November 26, 1994. Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church, November 26, 1994 until March 7, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years of age, November 25, 1997. Cardinal protodeacon, February 26, 2002. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, February 24, 2005.

Death. May 4, 2010, at 10 a.m., his residence in Via Rusticucci 13, Rome. After Pope Benedict XVI learned the news, he prayed for the eternal repose of the soul of the cardinal and sent a telegram of condolence to the brother and sister of the late cardinal. On Friday May 7, 2010, at 5.30 p.m., took place the funeral mass, which was concelebrated by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, together with twenty seven other cardinals, among them the secretary of State, Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B. Present at the mass were Cardinals José Tomás Sánchez and Ignace Moussa I Daoud; prelates of the Roman Curia; the brother and sister and some other members of the family of the late cardinal. With the diplomatic corps accredited before the Holy See, led by the ambassador from Honduras, Alejandro Emilio Valladares Lanza, were Archbishops Fernando Filoni, substitute of the secretary of State, and Dominique Mamberti, secretary for the relations with the States, together with Monsignors Peter Brian Wells, assessor; Ettore Balestrero, under-secretary for the relations with the States; and Fortunatus Nwachukwu, chief of protocol. Accompanying the pope in the basilica were Archbishop James Michael Harvey, prefect of the Pontifical Household; Bishop Paolo De Nicolò, regent of the prefecture of the Pontifical Household; Monsignors Georg Gänswein, private secretary of the pope, and Alfred Xuereb, of the private secretariat. At the end of the eucharistic celebration, the pope delivered the homily and presided over the rite of the Ultima Commendatio and the Valedictio. On Saturday May 8, 2010, at 11:00 a.m., Bishop Gianni Ambrosio of Piacenza-Bobbio presided over the eucharistic liturgy for the exequies of Cardinal Poggi, in the basilica of Sant'Antonino, piazza Sant'Antonino, Piacenza. After the ceremony, according to his wishes, the body of the late cardinal was buried in left nave of that basilica, next to the tomb of Antonino Arata, titular archbishop of Sardi, apostolic nuncio in Estonia and Latvia, his "maestro" in Collegio Alberoni (1).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta;

(111) 4. SHIRAYANAGI, Peter Seiichi
(1928-2009)

Birth. June 17, 1928, Hachioji, archdiocese of Tōkyō, Japan. He was baptized the following day by Fr. Meirand, M.E.P.

Education. In March 1945, he obtained the diploma at Gyosey (Stella Maris) Junior School, as minor seminarist of the archdiocese of Tōkyō; in March 1951, he graduated at Sophia University, Tōkyō; in 1954, he finished the specialization in theology; later he obtained a doctorate in philosophy; further studies at the Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome (doctorate in canon law, June 1960).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1954, Tōkyō. Pastoral ministry in archdiocese of Tōkyō, 1954-1957; 1960-1967. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1960.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Atenia and appointed auxiliary of Tōkyō, March 15, 1966. Consecrated, May 8, 1966, Tōkyō, by Mario Cagna, titular archbishop of Eraclea di Europa, internuncio in Japan, assisted by Laurentius Satoshi Nagae, bishop of Urawa, and by Luke Katsusaburo Arai, bishop of Yokohama. His episcopal motto was Caritas Christi urget nos. Promoted to titular archbishop of Castro and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Tōkyō, November 15, 1969. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Tōkyō, February 21, 1970. Attended the Second Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. President of the Episcopal Conference of Japan, 1983-1992. Attended the Second Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Emerenziana a Tor Fiorenza, November 26, 1994. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, February 17, 2000. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on June 17, 2008.

Death. December 30, 2009, at 6:45 a.m. (Tōkyō time), suddenly, of cardiac infarction, at Loyola House, the home for the Jesuit aged priests, in Tōkyō's Nerima Ward, where he was recuperating. Cardinal Shirayanagi was hospitalized at the beginning of August 2009 for cardiac arrhythmia, then suffered a light cerebral hemorrhage, but recovered well after three months of rehabilitation. On December 23, he moved to Loyola House. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop Peter Takeo Okada of Tōkyō. A prayer vigil took place on January 4, 2010, at 6 p.m. The funeral of the late cardinal was celebrated on January 5, 2010, at St. Mary's cathedral, Tōkyō. The body of the cardinal was cremated following the Japanese custom. Following his cremation, the traditional "Bone Ceremony" was celebrated at the Fuchū Cemetery of Tōkyō, where he was laid to rest beside other members of the clergy.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.

Birth. February 5, 1918, Segni, diocese of Segni, Italy. He was the eldest of the five children of Marco Fagiolo and Anatolia Colaiacomo.

Education. Initial studies at the local elementary schools. Entered the Seminary of Segni on October 20, 1930; then, studied at the Seminary of Anagni; at the Pontifical Major Roman Seminary; at the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he earned doctorates in theology and canon law; and at La Sapienza University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 6, 1943, by Archbishop Luigi Traglia, vice-gerent of Rome, patriarchal Lateran basilica. Incardinated in the diocese of Rome. From 1943 to 1971, in Rome, pastoral ministry; national assistant to the Deaf-mutes Association; faculty member, LUISS and of Gabriele D'Annuzio University; judge and president, First Instance Tribunal of Vatican City; prosynodal judge, Tribunal of Vicariate of Rome. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, May 7, 1956. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, July 6, 1961. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965, as expert. Auditor of Sacred Roman Rota, January 16, 1968.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Chieti and administrator of Vasto, November 20, 1971. Consecrated, December 19, 1971, patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Carlo Confalonieri, prefect of the S.C. for Bishops, assisted by Costantino Stella, archbishop of Aquila, and by Luigi Maria Carlim, bishop of Segni. His episcopal motto was Plenitudo legis dilectio. Vice-president of the Episcopal Conference of Italy, 1979-1984. In 1983, for his efforts to save Jews during the Holocaust, he was recognized by Yad Vashem as "a righteous among the nations", with a medal and a tree was planted in his name at Yad Vashem. The honor is bestowed on gentiles who risked their lives to save Jews during the Second World War. Secretary of the S.C. for Religious and Secular Institutes, April 8, 1984. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Chieti, July 15, 1984. President of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts, December 15, 1990. President of the Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia, December 29, 1990. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Teodoro, November 26, 1994. Resigned the presidency of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts, December 19, 1994. On May 7, 1997, the University of Teramo conferred him a doctorate honoris causa in jurisprudence. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, February 5, 1998. Ceased as president of the Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia, February 14, 1998. He served as president of Italian Caritas. He was grand prior of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of S. Girogio; and priore spirituale of the Ordine Militare et Hospitaliero di San Lazzaro di Gerusalemme.

Death. September 22, 2000, Rome. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent his sister, Clementina Fagiolo, a telegram of condolence. On September 26, Pope John Paul II, together with the cardinals, concelebrated the exequial liturgy at the Altar of the Cathedra of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. The pope also pronounced the homily. Buried in a marble sarcophagus in the metropolitan cathedral of Chieti (1).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; 20 anni fa la morte del Cardinale Fagiolo, Giusto tra le Nazioni by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 22 settembre, 2020 / 10:00 AM.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

Birth. December 2, 1921, Bairo Canavese, diocese of Ivrea, Italy. Son of Giuseppe Furno and Maria Bardesono. He grew up in Agli Canavese, in the province of Turin.

Education. Studied at the Diocesan College, Ivrea (secondary education); at the Seminary of Ivrea (philosophy and theology); at the Theological Faculty, Crocetto Salesian Athenaeum, Turin, 1948-1949; at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, 1953); and at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome, 1951-1953 (diplomacy).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 25, 1944, Ivrea. Vicar at the parish of Ozegna, Turin, 1944-1947. Further studies, Turin and Rome, 1947-1953. Attaché and secretary in the nunciature in Colombia, 1953-1957; in the nunciature in Ecuador, 1954-1957. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, June 24, 1954. Secretary in the apostolic delegation in Jerusalem, 1957-1962. Work in the first section of the Vatican Secretariat of State, 1962-1973. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, June 29, 1966. Faculty member of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, 1966-1973.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Abari and appointed nuncio to Perú, August 1, 1973. Consecrated, September 16, 1973, Aglié, by Cardinal Paolo Bertoli, assisted by Agostino Casaroli, titular archbishop of Cartago, secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Luigi Bettazzi, bishop of Ivrea. His episcopal motto was Ardere et lucere. Nuncio to Lebanon, November 25, 1978. Nuncio to Brazil, August 21, 1982. Nuncio to Italy, April 15, 1992.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Cuore di Cristo Re, November 26, 1994. Special papal envoy to the closing ceremonies of the first centennial of the evangelization of the Republic of Central Africa, January 8, 1995. Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, December 16, 1995. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the Cuban National Ecclesiastical Encounter, La Habana, February 21 to 25, 1996. Pontifical delegate to the patriarchal basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, Italy, May 23, 1996. Special papal envoy to the 13th National Eucharistic Congress, Vitória, Brazil July 7 to 14, 1996. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome, September 29, 1997. Ceased as pontifical delegate, November 5, 1998. Papal legate for the closing of the Holy Door at the Liberian basilica, January 5, 2001. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years of age, December 2, 2001. Resigned the post of archpriest, May 27, 2004. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, February 24, 2005. On March 28, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his request to be transferred to the title of S. Onofrio. Took possession of his title on Wednesday May 10, 2006. On June 27, 2007, the pope accepted his resignation for reasons of age from the charge of grand master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem.

Death. December 9, 2015, at 9:10 p.m., in the Polyclinic Agostino Gemelli, Rome, where he was recovering from a fall. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, a telegram of condolence. He was buried in the papal Liberian basilica, Rome.

Webgraphy. Photoraph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.

Birth. January 19, 1927, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Son of Carlos Oviedo Armstrong and Elena Cavada Riesco.

Education. Primary studies at Colegio San Pedro Nolasco, Santiago; secondary studies at Instituto de Humanidades Luis Campino, also in Santiago. Joined the Order of Mercy in Melipilla on January 28, 1944; took the simple vows, March 18, 1945; the solemn vows, March 19, 1948. Studied at houses of studies of his order (philosophy); at the Theological Faculty of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, obtaining a licentiate in theology in 1949; and at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law in 1953. In Rome he also studied in the SS.CC. of the Council and of Religious; and in the Studium of the Sacred Roman Rota.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 24, 1949, by Cardinal José María Caro Rodríguez, archbishop of Santiago de Chile, metropolitan cathedral Santiago. Further studies, Rome, 1949-1953. Faculty member and spiritual director, St. Peter Nolasco School; faculty member, Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, 1953-1958. Work in the general curia of his order and further studies in the Secret Vatican Archive, Rome, 1958-1961. Director of the Theological Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, 1962-1963; pastoral ministry in Santiago and official in the archdiocesan curia as lawyer in the ecclesiastical tribunal; prosynodal examiner; visitor to women religious; and book censor, 1961-1964.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Benevento and appointed auxiliary of Concepción, March 21, 1964. Consecrated, June 7, 1964, basilica of La Merced, Santiago, by Alfredo Silva Santiago, titular archbishop of Petra di Palestina, retired archbishop of Concepción, assisted by Manuel Sánchez Beguiristain, archbishop of Concepción, and by Emilio Tagle Covarrubias, bishop of Valparaíso. His episcopal motto was Pacem in diebus nostris. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1964-1965. Secretary of the Episcopal Conference of Chile, 1970-1974. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Antofagasta, March 25, 1974. Named apostolic administrator, sede vacante, of the territorial prelature of Calama, May 4, 1974; took possession of the prelature on June 2, 1974; ceased as apostolic administrator, April 3, 1976. Grand chancellor of the University of the North, May 29, 1976-1989. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Santiago de Chile, March 30, 1990. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile from 1990 to 1998. Member of the Chilean Academy of History. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria della Scala, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, November 26, 1994. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Santiago de Chile, February 16, 1998; continued governing archdiocese until a successor was appointed, April 24, 1998.

Death. December 7, 1998, after a long illness, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease), at the hospital of the Catholic University of Chile, Santiago de Chile. Buried in his family's crypt in the Catholic Cemetery, Santiago de Chile. In 2006, his remains were transferred to the archbishops' crypt in the metropolitan cathedral of Santiago (1).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Spanish, archdiocese of Santiago de Chile; another photograph and biography, in Spanish, from the archdiocese of Santiago de Chile; his tomb and biography, in Spanish, Wikipedia.; his arms and photograph, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is the text of his epitaph, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

(115) 8. WINNING, Thomas Joseph
(1925-2001)

Birth. June 3, 1925, Wishaw, Lanarkshire, diocese of Motherwell, Scotland. From a poor and devout Roman Catholic family well known for charitable work. His father, who was the son of an Irish immigrant from County Donegal, first worked as a coal-miner; then served in the First World War; and was later employed in the steel industry after fifteen years of unemployment. He was the eldest of two children. The other sibling was Margaret Winning McCarron.

Education. He attended St. Patrick's Primary, Shieldmuir, Craigneuk, and served as an altar boy and sang in the choir; then, he studied at Our Lady's High School, Motherwell, where he expressed the desire to become a priest; he entered St. Mary's College, Blairs, Aberdeen, and studied philosophy; and later, in 1943, St. Peter's College, Cardross, Glasgow; then, he attended the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a licentiate in theology; and doctorate in canon law; finally, he attended the studium of the Sacred Roman Rota, Rome. He was fluent in Italian and Latin.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 18, 1948, Rome. Further studies, Rome, 1948-1949. Incardinated in the diocese of Motherwell; assistant priest at St. Aloysius, Chapelhall until 1950. Further studies, Rome, 1950-1953. Assistant priest, St. Mary's, Hamilton, 1953-1957; Our Lady of Good Aid Cathedral, Motherwell, 1957-1958. Secretary, diocese of Motherwell, 1956-1961. Chaplain to the Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception, Bothwell 1958-1961. Spiritual director, Pontifical Scots College, Rome, 1961-1966; qualified as an advocate of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1965. Parish priest, Saint Luke's, Motherwell; Officialis of Motherwell Diocesan Tribunal and Vicar Episcopal for Marriage in Motherwell diocese, 1966-1970. First president and official of the newly established Scottish National Tribunal, Glasgow, 1970-1972.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Lugmad and appointed auxiliary of Glasgow, October 22, 1971. Consecrated, November 30, 1971, metropolitan cathedral of St. Andrew, Glasgow, by James Donald Scanlan, archbishop of Glasgow, assisted by Stephen McGill, bishop of Paisley, and by Francis Alexander Spalding Warden Thomson, bishop of Motherwell. Vicar general, archdiocese of Glasgow 1971-1974 and parish priest of Our Holy Redeemer Parish, Clydebank 1972-1974. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Glasgow, April 23, 1974. Attended the Fourth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977; the Fifth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. Awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity, The University of Glasgow, 1983. President of the Bishops' Conference of Scotland 1985-2001. Attended the Second Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. Fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland, 1986. Knight commander of the Holy Sepulchre and grand prior of the Scottish Lieutenancy of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, 1989; promoted to Knight Grand Cross 1995. Delegate of the Bishops' Conference of Scotland, to the Bishops' Conferences of the European Union, 1990-1996. Member of the Bishops' Conferences of Europe. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991. Awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of the University, University of Strathclyde, 1992.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Andrea delle Fratte, November 26, 1994. Awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Law, Aberdeen University, 1996. Special envoy to the celebrations of the 14th Centenary of the Death of St. Columba (Colum-cille), in the dioceses of Raphoe and Derry, Ireland, June 8-9, 1997. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999.

Death. June 17, 2001, from a heart attack (he had suffered a previous heart attack on June 8), in Glasgow; he had just finished breakfast when his housekeeper of 30 years, Isobel McInnes, found him unconscious at 9 a.m. on his bedroom floor. He was pronounced dead at the Accident and Emergency Unit of the Victoria Infirmary at 9:55 a.m. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent the diocesan administrator of Glasgow a telegram of condolence. Cardinal Cormac Murphy O'Connor, archbishop of Westminster, England, was the main celebrant at his funeral mass, in which participated three other cardinals, five archbishops, twenty bishops and three hundred priests. Bishop Joseph Devine of Motherwell, Scotland, delivered the homily. He was buried in the crypt of St. Andrew's metropolitan cathedral, Glasgow (1).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, portrait and photograph, Araldica Vaticana; 20 anni fa moriva il Cardinale scozzese Thomas Winning by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Glasgow, 17 giugno, 2021 / 9:00 AM.

(1) This is the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

Birth. January 9, 1927, San Cristóbal de las Casas, México. Second of the six children of Adolfo Suárez Solórzano and Alicia Rivera. The other children were María, César, Eduardo, Rosa Alicia and Martha.

Education. Studied at the Conciliar Seminary of Chiapas, San Cristóbal de las Casas (humanities, for four years); at the Archdiocesan Seminary of Xalapa (philosophy, for one year); at the Pontifical Seminary of Montezuma, New Mexico, United States of America (philosophy, for three years); at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (theology, for four years; licenciate in theology); and at the Latinamerican Catechetical Institute, Santiago de Chile, Chile, 1962 (catechesis, for one year).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 8, 1952, chapel of the Pontifical Collegio Pio Latinoamericano, Rome, by Alfonso Carinci, titular archbishop of Seleucia di Isauria, secretary of the S.C. of Rites. Successively, further studies, Rome; in Chiapas: spiritual director and faculty member, diocesan seminary; major official and secretary of episcopal curia; diocesan assessor of the Christian Family Movement and of the Catholic Action Youth; director of the diocesan office for catechesis; pastoral ministry; vicar general.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Tepic, May 14, 1971. Consecrated, August 15, 1971, by Carlo Martini, titular archbishop of Abari, apostolic delegate in México, assisted by José Salazar López, archbishop of Guadalajara, and by Samuel Ruiz García, bishop of Chiapas. His episcopal motto was Al servicio de mis hermanos. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979. Transferred to the see of Tlalnepantla, May 8, 1980. Attended the Sixth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Monterrey, November 8, 1983. President of the Mexican Episcopal Conference, 1988-1991 and 1991-1994; during his presidency the Church obtained juridical recognition; and the diplomatic relations between México and the Holy See were reestablished. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Apostolic administrator sede vacante of Ciudad Victoria, November 3, 1994 to December 1995.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario, November 26, 1994. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, January 25, 2003. Did not participate in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI, for reasons of health. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old, January 9, 2007.

Death. March 23, 2008, at 1:25 a.m., of a brain hemorrhage, in the Hospital Murguerza, Monterrey. Upon learning the news of the dath of the cardinal, Pope Bnedict XVI sent Cardinal Francisco Robles Ortega, archbishop of Monterrey, a telegram of condolence. His body was exposed in the Minor Seminary of Monterrey, where hundreds of faithful paid their respects. On March 24, 2008, a funeral mass was celebrated in the basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Monterrey and later, he was buried in the area of the crypts of the metropolitan cathedral of Monterrey, which is under the main altar; it was built in the 1970s and there repose the remains of all the bishops and archbishops of Monterrey as well as the remains of Father Raymundo Jardón, whose process of beatification was initiated by Cardinal Suárez Rivera; the remains of the cardinal were placed at 6:30 p.m. in the crypt next to the one of the 8th archbishop of Monterrey, Alfonso Espino y Silva, who ordered the construction of the crypts. On March 31, 2008, the municipality of San Cristóbal de las Casas granted him the medal of merit "Manuel Velasco Suárez".

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Biografía: Arzobispo Adolfo A. Suárez Rivera – 10 años de su muerte (I) by Jesús Treviño, Zenit, 22 marzo 2018; Biografía: Arzobispo Adolfo A. Suárez Rivera – 10 años de su muerte (II) by Jesús Treviño, Zenit, 23 marzo 2018.

Birth. December 20, 1934, Muntilan, Jawa Island, archdiocese of Semarang, Indonesia. Son of Joachim Djasman Darmaatmadja and Maria Siti Supartimah. He was the youngest of six brothers. Baptized on December 21, 1934, in the church of St. Antonius in Muntilan. In 1942, when Japan invaded the Dutch East Indies during the Second World War, Julius and the family had to flee to Salam.

Education. Initial studies at Kanisius School, Salam, 1940-1941; continued his studies at Negeri Semen, Salam, 1942-1943; at Wonosari, Muntilan, 1944-1947; and at Kanisius Junior High School, Muntilan, 1949; continued his secondary studies at Minor Seminary of Magelang, Magelang, 1951-1957. Joined the Society of Jesus, December 7, 1957, Giri Sonta-Kiepu, Semarang; juniorate in Girisonta, 1959-1961; took the first vows, September 8, 1959; studied philosophy at College de Nobili in Poona, India (licentiate to achieve a degree of master of philosophy), 1961-1964; he was also tutor and teacher at the Secondary Seminary of Mertoyudan, Magelang, 1961-1964; St. Ignatius College, Kentungan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (theology), 1966-1971; took the last vows, Semarang, February 2, 1975.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 18, 1969, church of St. Antonius, Kota Baru, Yogyakarta, by Cardinal Justinus Darmojuwono, archbishop of Semarang. For several months in 1971, he worked in the parish Marganingsih Kalasan, Yogyakarta. From 1971 to 1983, faculty member and vice-prefect of Minor Seminary St. Peter Canisius, Semarang; pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Semarang; assistant to the master of novices; rector of the Minor Seminary St. Peter Canisius, Semarang; member of the ministries commission; member of the Board of Advisors and chairman of the Archdiocesan Commission of Education, 1981-1983. Jesuit provincial of Indonesia, June 15, 1981 to 1983.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Semarang, February 19, 1983. Consecrated, June 29, 1983, Semarang, by Cardinal Justinus Darmojuwono, archbishop emeritus of Semarang, assisted by Francis Xavier Sudartanta Hadisumarta, O.C.D., bishop of Malang, and by Leo Soekoto, S.J., archbishop of Jakarta. His episcopal motto is In Nomine Jesu (Dalam nama Yesus). Military Ordinary for Indonesia, April 28, 1984. President of the Indonesian Episcopal Conference, November 17, 1988 to 1997; and 2000 to 2006.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Cuore di Maria, November 26, 1994. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Jakarta, January 11, 1996. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 18, 1998; one of its three presidents delegate; member the of the post-synodal council, May 8, 1998. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. On August 9, 2005, he was decorated with the grand star of Mahaputera by the government of the Republic of Indonesia; it was presented by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono at the State Palace, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the independence of Indonesia. Resigned the pastoral government of the military ordinariate of Indonesia in conformity to canon 401 § 2 of the Code of Canon Law, January 2, 2006. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Jakarta on June 28, 2010, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. He was succeeded by Archbishop Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo, coadjutor of that same see. He resides at Jesuit Emmaus Rumiah Retreat House, a retirement home for elderly priests and prelates in Ungaran city, central Java. Did not participate in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis, for health reasons. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on December 20, 2014. He resides at the Jesuit Emaus Girisonta retirement home in Semarang.

Webgraphy. Biography, in Indonesian, archdiocese of Jakarta; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Jakarta cardinal will not take part in conclave because of poor health, two others pending, Rome Reports, 2013-02-21 18:29:19; Conclave, Cardinal Darmaatmadja renounces for "health reasons" by Mathias Hariyadi, AsiaNews, 02/21/2013 09:47; Cardinal Darmaatmadja pulls out of Conclave: Cardinal electors are now down to 116, Vatican Insider, 02/22/2013; Retired Jakarta archbishop makes rare appearance, ucanews.com, February 15, 2017.

Birth. October 18, 1936, Jagüey Grande, diocese of Matanzas, Cuba. He was the only child of Arsenio Ortega, first a worker in the sugar industry and later, a merchant, and Adela Alamino, a housewife. Arsenio died whem Jaime Lucas was a small child. When he was five years old, they moved to the city of Matanzas.

Education. Studied at the public school "Arturo Echemendía" (primary education); then at the Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza de Matanzas (secondary education; bachillerato in sciences and letters, 1955); he also studied music (piano) in Matanzas and music was one of his great passions along with that for the cinema: "They tell me that I look like Marlon Brando, I have a strong jaw," he liked to say jokingly; then, he studied humanities and philosophy at the Seminary of San Alberto Magno, Matanzas, 1956-1960; then, Bishop Alberto Martín Villaverde of Matanzas sent him to study theology at the Seminary of Priests of Foreign Missions, Québec, Canada, 1960-1964. From Canada, he had followed the Cuban Revolution of 1959, choosing to return home despite the difficult conditions for the Church.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 2, 1964, cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo, Matanzas, by José Maximino Eusebio Domínguez y Rodríguez, bishop of Matanzas. Vicar cooperator in Cárdenas, 1964-1966. For eight months, he was interned in the "Unidades Militares de Apoyo a la Producción" (UMAP), controlled by the Ministry of the Interior in Camagüey. From 1967-1969, pastor of Jagüey Grande, his native city; as all the pastors in Cuba, due to a severe shortage of priests in those years, he served in several parishes and churches at the same time. Pastor of the cathedral of Matanzas, and at the same time, assisted the parish of Pueblo Nuevo and two other churches in the countryside; he was also president of the Diocesan Commission of Catechetic and realized an active apostolate with the youth of the diocese; in those years, which were even more difficult for the pastoral work of the church, he began a youth movement that included, among other forms of apostolate, a summer camp for the youth, and a work of evangelization through theatrical works performed by the same youth. At the same time, he was professor at San Carlos y San Ambrosio Interdiocesan Seminary, Havana, to where he traveled every week to teach moral theology for several years.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Pinar del Rio, December 4, 1978. Consecrated, January 14, 1979, cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo, Matanzas, by Mario Tagliaferri, titular archbishop of Formia, pro-nuncio in Cuba, assisted by Francisco Ricardo Oves Fernández, archbishop of San Cristóbal de La Habana, and by José Maximino Eusebio Domínguez y Rodríguez, bishop of Matanzas. Took possession of the see on January 21, 1979. His episcopal motto was Sufficit tibi gratia mea. Promoted to the metropolitan see of San Cristóbal de La Habana, November 20, 1981. President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Cuba, 1988 to 1998; and 2001-2007. In 1991, he started Caritas in Cuba. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Aquila e Priscilla, November 26, 1994. In February 1995, he was elected second vice-president of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM); he occupied the post for several years. In 1996, he presided the commission for the process of postulation of the cause of beatification of the Servant of God Father Félix Varela y Morales. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Special papal envoy to the National Eucharistic Congress of El Salvador, San Salvador, November 25 to 26, 2000. President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Cuba, 1988-1998; and again, December 6, 2001 to 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. He was awarded honorary doctorates by St. Thomas University, Miami, Florida; Barry University, also in Miami, Florida; Providence University, Rhode Island; St John University, New York; University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Universidad Popular Autónoma de Estado de Puebla, México; he also received the Annual Prize of "Fundazione Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy, among others. Participated in the 5th General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place from May 13 to 31, 2007, in Aparecida, Brazil. He began in 2010, before the government of Raúl Castro, a process of dialogue that led to the release of more than a hundred political prisoners, many of whom belonged to the group of 75 dissidents sentenced to more than 20 years in prison in 2003. He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree at commencement ceremony of Creighton University, a Jesuit institution in Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America on May 14, 2012. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. On June 15, 2013, he was named special papal envoy to the conclusive celebration of the first centenary of the elevation to metropolitan archdiocese of San Salvador and the erection of the dioceses of Santa Ana and of San Miguel, as well as to the closing ceremony of the National Eucharistic Congress of El Salvador, programmed for August 11, 2013. He was confirmed as member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on January 15, 2014. He was confirmed as member of the Congregation for the Clergy on June 9, 2014. On July 12, 2014, he was named special papal envoy to the conclusive celebration of the 350th anniversary of the foundation of the parish of Notre Dame-de-Québec, Canada, "mother-church of all the parishes of North America", programmed for September 14, 2014. On November 7, 2014, he received an honorary doctorate in Humanities and Religious Sciences from the University of Santa María La Antigua (USMA), Panamá, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of that institution. On May 11, 2015, he was decorated with the Légion d'honneur, the highest French decoration, by President François Hollande of France in the French embassy in La Habana. He worked intensely for the rapprochement between Cuba and the United States and received in March 2016 President Barack Obama during his historic trip to Cuba. On April 26, 2016, Pope Francis accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of San Cristóbal de La Habana for reason of age, according to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. To succeed him the pope named Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez, until then archbishop of Camagüey, Cuba. Cardinal Ortega y Alamino was apostolic administrator of the archdiocese of San Cristóbal de La Habana until the installation of his successor on May 22, 2016. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on October 18, 2016.

Death. July 26, 2019, at 6:16 a.m., in his residence in San Cristóbal de La Habana. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez, archbishop of San Cristóbal de La Habana, a telegram of condolence. His funeral, presided by Archbishop García Rodríguez, took place on Sunday July 28, 2019, in the metropolitan cathedral of La Habana. A State Funeral decreed by the Cuban Government took place on Monday July 29, 2019. The late cardinal was buried in the vaults of the clergy, Cristóbal Colón Cemetery of La Habana (1).

Webgraphy. Biography by Salvador Miranda, in Spanish, Episcopologio de la Iglesia Católica en Cuba; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Once in a Castro labor camp, now Cuba's cardinal by David Ariosto, CNN, March 27th, 2012; La visita di un Papa conciliatore e i suoi frutti. Papa Benedetto a Cuba nella cronaca scritta per 30Giorni dal cardinale arcivescovo di San Cristóbal de La Habana. 30Days In the Church and in the world, international monthly magazine directed by Giulio Andreotti, year XXIX, issue no. 03/04 - 2012; Opposition members take exception to remarks at Harvard by Cardinal Jaime Ortega Alamino, Archbishop of Havana by Juan Carlos Chávez, The Miami Herald, Posted on Friday, 04.27.12; U.S. government's Radio and TV Marti call Cuban Cardinal Jaime Ortega a lackey by William Booth, The Washington Post, published: May 5, 2012; Respaldan decisión de Radio y TV Martí de transmitir editorial sobre cardenal cubano Jaime Ortega by Daniel Shoer Roth, El Nuevo Herald, Miami, Florida, Publicado el martes, 05.08.12; Cardenal Jaime Ortega celebra medio siglo de sacerdocio, Conferencia de Obispos Católicos de Cuba, Lunes, 04 de Agosto de 2014 17:40; Cuban dissidents criticize Havana bishops' letter on Cardinal Jaime Ortega by Juan Carlos Chavez, The Miami Herald, Posted on Sunday, 06.03.12; Las Damas de Blanco se reunirán con el cardenal cubano Jaime Ortega by Juan Carlos Chavez, El Nuevo Herald, Miami, Publicado el miércoles, 06.06.12; Cuba's Ladies in White say they trust Cardinal Ortega by Juan O. Tamayo, The Miami Herald, Posted on Friday, 06.08.12; Benedicto XVI recibió en audiencia a Arzobispo de La Habana, in Spanish, 18 Jun. 12 / 10:51 am, ACI/EWTN Noticias; 'Su vocación polmtica no apartó a Oswaldo Payá de su fe'. El cardenal Ortega presidió el funeral y leyó el pésame del papa, Zenit, el mundo visto desde Roma, 24-07-2012; Cardenal Ortega: Payá siempre inspiró su vocación política en la fe católica, ACI/EWTN Noticias, 24 Jul. 12 / 11:05 am; El cardenal Ortega y un libro interesante by Xavier L. Suárez, El Nuevo Herald, domingo, 08.26.12; Celebrarán 50 años de ordenación sacerdotal de Jaime Ortega, Diario de Cuba, El Nuevo Herald, viernes, 08.01.14; Cardenal cubano celebra 50 años como sacerdote, El Nuevo Herald, Miami, sábado, 08.02.14; Cuba: Cardenal Jaime Ortega cumple 50 años de sacerdocio, ACI/EWTN Noticias, 04 Ago. 14 / 04:07 pm; El protagonista oculto by Alver Metalli, Vatican Insider, 12/20/2014; Cuba: La Habana contará con iglesia dedicada a San Juan Pablo II, ACI Prensa, 19 de marzo de 2015 4:41 pm; Card. Ortega hopes thaw in US-Cuban relations will be infectious, Vatican Insider, 02/ 9/2015; Embajadores de Washington y La Habana asisten a una misa del cardenal Ortega en Roma, Diario de Cuba, 10 Feb 2015 - 10:41 am; El cardenal Ortega dice que en Cuba no quedan' presos políticos, Diario de Cuba, La Habana | 1 Abr 2015 - 2:38 pm; Cardenal Ortega pide listas de presos políticos by Alberto Muller, Para leer si queda tiempo, 22. jun, 2015; Cardenal Ortega conversa con Raúl Castro sobre próxima visita del Papa Francisco a Cuba, ACI, La Habana, 18 Ago. 15 / 10:48 am; Posibile aministía por la visita del Papa by Alver Metalli, Vatican Insider, 09/ 5/2015; El cardenal Ortega valora positivamente la visita de Obama a Cuba by Sergio Mora Zenit, 24 febrero 2016; Archbishop of Havana, key figure in US detente, steps down by Michael Weissenstein, Associated Press, April 26, 2016, Crux;El cardenal Ortega se despide al dejar el Arzobispado de La Habana by Sergio Mora,, Zenit, Roma, 8 mayo 2016; Cuba: Cardenal Ortega se despide con Misa como Arzobispo de La Habana, ACI, La Habana, 09 May. 16 / 06:37 pm; La carta de despedida del papa Francisco al arzobispo de La Habana, Zenit, Roma, 18 mayo 2016; Palabras del cardenal Jaime Ortega al concluir su ministerio pastoral como arzobispo de La Habana, Zenit, Roma, 20 mayo 2016; College of Cardinals left with 110 electors as Cuban Jaime Ortega turns 80, Rome Reports, 2016-10-18; Handwritten speech delivered by Pope before 2013 conclave is released, Catholi Herald, Associated Press, posted Friday, 17 Mar 2017; El manuscrito que el Papa Francisco leyó antes de su elección en el cónclave, ACI/EWTN Noticias, La Habana, 21 Mar. 17 / 11:15 am; El cardenal Ortega no teme un 'frenazo' en el diálogo Washington-La Habana con Trump, Diario de Cuba, Madrid, 10 de Mayo de 2017; “La gente en Cuba quiere que avance el cambio económico”. El exponente de la diplomacia vaticana en la isla ha sido clave como consejero papal by Juan Jesús Aznarez, El País, Madrid 10 MAY 2017 - 20:19 CEST; Deshielo Cuba - EEUU: Colaboración del Papa fue fundamental, asegura Cardenal Ortega by Blanca Ruiz, ACI, Madrid, 14 May. 17 / 04:10 pm; Cardenal Jaime Ortega en “estado delicado” por grave enfermedad by Víctor Cárdenas, ADN Cuba, 23 Jun 2019 - 4:26pm; Nota Informativa del Arzobispado de La Habana, 24 de junio de 2019; Cuban Catholics pray for Cardinal Ortega battling terminal cancer by Rhina Guidos, Washington, Catholic News Service, 6.25.2019 12:03 PM ET; Cuban Catholics pray for Cardinal Ortega battling terminal cancer by Rhina Guidos, Catholic News Service, Washington, 6.25.2019 12:03 PM ET; Cardenal Jaime Ortega sigue ‘estable’ e incluso ‘ha participado en misa’, cubanet.com, Miami, Estados Unidos, Martes, 9 de julio, 2019 | 10:43 am; Cuba: El cardenal Jaime Ortega Alamino se encuentra “estable” y participa en la Eucaristía by Larissa I. López, Zenit, julio 09, 2019 17:32; Falleció el Cardenal Jaime Ortega Alamino, Mons. Juan García Rodríguez, Arzobispo de La Habana, 26 de juio de 2019; El cura de mi pueblo by Sergio Lázaro Cabarrouy Fernández-Fontecha, Nosotros hoy, Servicio de Noticias de la Iglesia Católica en Cuba, Arquidiócesis de La Habana, La Habana, 26 de julio de 2019; Fallece el Cardenal Jaime Ortega Alamino, by Carlos Cabrera Perez, cibercuba.com, Viernes, 26 Julio, 2019 - 08:34 (GMT-5); Reacciones por la muerte del Cardenal Ortega Alamino, Radio Televisión Martí, julio 26, 2019; Cuban Cardinal Jaime Ortega Alamino dies in Havana by Mario J. Pentón and Luz Escobar, Miami Herald, July 26, 2019 09:28 AM; Cuba: Cardenal Jaime Ortega partió a la Casa del Padre, ACI Prensa, 26 de julio de 2019 11:15 am; Cuba: le cardinal Ortega est décédé, vaticannews.va, 26 juillet 2019, 15:27; E' morto il cardinale Ortega, arcivescovo emerito di San Cristóbal de La Habana (Cuba) by Adriana Masotti, vaticannews.va, Città del Vaticano, 26 luglio 2019, 15:47; Fallece el Arzbpo. Emérito de La Habana. Obispos cubanos: “sus obras nos acompañarán” by Mireia Bonilla, vaticannews.va, Ciudad del Vaticano, 26 julio 2019, 17:22; Cuba: Fallece el cardenal Jaime Ortega y Alamino by Araceli Cantero Guibert, Zenit, julio 26, 2019 17:08; Muere el cardenal Jaime Ortega, pieza clave en el deshielo entre EE UU y Cuba by Mauricio Vicent, El País, La Habana 26 JUL 2019 - 21:08 EDT; Fallece el cardenal Jaime Ortega, a los 82 años, arzobispo emérito de La Habana, Ecclesia Digital, 26 de julio de 2019; Murió el cardenal Jaime Ortega Alamino, mediador del deshielo entre Cuba y Estados Unidos by Raquel Martori – EFE, infobae.com, 26 de julio de 2019; Cardinal Jaime Ortega, a Cuban Bridge to the U.S., Dies at 82 by Katharine Q. Seelye, The New York Times, July 26, 2019; El cardenal Jaime fue un testigo de Cristo by Yarelis Rico Hernández, Palabra Nueva, 26 julio, 2019; Celebran misa en La Habana por el descanso del cardenal Jaime Ortega by Yarelis Rico Hernández, Palabra Nueva, 26 julio, 2019; Preside confesor del cardenal misa de cuerpo presente by Yarelis Rico Hernández, Palabra Nueva, 27 julio, 2019; Representante del Vaticano en Cuba preside misa ante el cuerpo del cardenal by Yarelis Rico Hernández, Palabra Nueva, 27 julio, 2019; “El cardenal nos dejó con la promesa del reencuentro” by José Manuel González-Rubines, Palabra Nueva, 27 julio, 2019; El obispo de Pinar del Río agradece a Dios por la vida del cardenal by José Manuel González-Rubines, Palabra Nueva, 27 julio, 2019; Il cordoglio del Papa per la morte del cardinale Ortega, L'Osservatore Romano, 27 luglio 2019; Papa Francisco reza por el eterno descanso del Cardenal cubano Jaime Ortega by Mercedes de la Torre, ACI Prensa, 27 de julio de 2019 6:56 am; Pope's condolence for the death of Cardinal Ortega of Cuba, vaticannews.va, 27 July 2019, 15:39; “¡Padre, te voy a extrañar!” by José Manuel González-Rubines, Palabra Nueva, 28 julio, 2019; Cuban cardinal, dead at 83, was a truly remarkable churchman by John L. Allen Jr, Crux, Rome, Jul 28, 2019; Cuba : le pays rend hommage au cardinal Ortega, artisan du dégel avec les États-Unis, Aleteia, 29 juillet 2019; Cuban Cardinal Ortega, longtime voice of Cuba's poor, dies at 82, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Vatican City, 7/29/2019; Entrevista al cardenal Ortega: Con la ausencia de lo sagrado, el silencio hablaba de Dios. Realizada por ‘Zenit’ en 2011 by Sergio Mora, Zenit, julio 29, 2019 17:26; Cuban Cardinal Ortega, longtime voice of Cuba's poor, dies at 82, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Vatican City, 7/29/2019; Educadores manzanilleros oran por el eterno descanso del Cardenal Jaime Ortega durante última jornada de Escuela de Verano by Carlos R. Escala Fernández, Diócesis de Bayamo-Manzanillo, La Purísima Concepción de Manzanillo, 30 de julio de 2019; La JNJ Habana será dedicada al Cardenal Jaime Ortega, Arquidiócesis de La Habana, La Habana, 2 de agosto de 2019; Celebran misa de Acción de Gracias por cardenal Jaime Ortega by José Manuel González-Rubines, Palabra Nueva, 14 septiembre, 2019; Mi relación con Jaime Ortega by Monseñor Antonio Rodríguez Díaz, Palabra Nueva, 19 octubre, 2019; Laurea Honoris Causa dell'Università Lateranense allo storico cubano Eusebio Leal Spengler. L'accademico ricorderà le virtù sacerdotali del card. Jaime Ortega, l'uomo e il pastore, Il Sismografo, giovedì 14 novembre 2019; Lectio Magistralis: “Al Cardenal Jaime Ortega Alamino: el pastor y el hombre. Elogio de la virtud sacerdotal.” Dr. Eusebio Leal Spengler; Manuscrito del Cardenal Jaime Ortega Alamino by Dr. Nelson O. Crespo Roque, Palabra Nueva, Revista de la Arquidiócesis de La Habana, La Habana, 14 de enero de 2020; Presentan Fundación Cardenal Jaime Ortega by Yarelis Rico Hernández, Arquidiócesis de La Habana, La Habana, 2 de febrero de 2020; Nace la Fundación “Cardenal Jaime Ortega” a La Habana, Il Sismografo, fundacioncardenaljaimeortega.org, venerdì 14 febbraio 2020; El Controvertido Cardenal Ortega by Orlando Márquez, Otra Palabra, Julio 21, 2020; La profezia del dialogo. A un anno dalla morte del cardinale cubano Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino by Massimo Nevola, Superiore della comunità dei gesuiti di Sant’Ignazio in Roma e assistente nazionale della Comunità di vita cristiana, L'Osservatore Romano, 25 luglio 2020; Consumato per la Chiesa e la patria by Antonio Pelayo, L'Osservatore Romano, 25 luglio 2020; (1/3) Il 26 luglio prossimo saranno 3 anni della scomparsa del cardinale de La Habana Jaime Ortega protagonista rilevante e indimenticabile dei rapporti tra il Vaticano e Cuba dal 1996, Il Sismografo, sabato 10 luglio 2021; Cuba (2/3) Dalla temporanea "caduta del Muro caraibico" alle recenti proteste a Cuba. Il magistero dei Papi, i troppi silenze della chiesa locale,. I molti tentativi di Papa Francesco per favorire una svolta nei rapporti interemisferici, Il Sismografo, martedì 20 luglio 2021; (3/3) Il terzo anniversario della morte del cardinale cubano Jaime Ortga apre una stagione di ricorrenza importanti cominciando con il dramma della fame nel mondo così come era vist nel 1996 Il Sismografo, lunedì 26 luglio 2021.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

Birth. April 29, 1928, Beveren-Leie, diocese of Brugge, Belgium.

Education. After finishing secondary school, he joined the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Missionaries of Scheut), Brussels, in 1946; received his formation at houses of studies of his congregation; at the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium; and at The Catholic University of America, Washington, United States of America.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 3, 1952. After ordination, in 1953, he returned to school to study Chinese in anticipation of being sent to China as a missionary, but four years later he was assigned to his congregation's Theological Seminary at Louvain. Form 1963 to 1967, rector of the Immaculate Heart Mission Seminary, Washington, D.C., United States of America. Returned to Rome in 1967 and was named general secretary of his congregation; he occupied the post until 1972. Vice-president of the Commission of superiors general. Secretary of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax, June 27, 1980. Attended the Second Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; assistant to the French language group.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Silli and appointed vice-president of the Pontifical Commission Iustitia et Pax, December 20, 1983. Consecrated, January 6, 1984, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Durasamy Simon Lourdusamy, archbishop emeritus of Bangalore, secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. In the same ceremony was consecrated Polycarp Pengo, bishop of Nachingwea, future cardinal. His episcopal motto was Parare viam Domino pacis. Promoted to archbishop and appointed secretary general of the Synod of Bishops, April 24, 1985. Attended the Second Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; secretary general. Attended the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; secretary general. President of the Office of Labor of the Apostolic See, April 14, 1989. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; secretary general. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Giuliano dei Fiamminghi, November 26, 1994. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the elevation of the diocese of St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, to metropolitan archdiocese, October 19, 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 29 to May 14, 1998; the Special Assembly for Oceania of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 22 to December 12, 1998; the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; secretary general. Special papal envoy for the consecration in Irkutsk, Russia, of the cathedral church of the Apostolic Administration of Oriental Siberia, September 8, 2000. Special papal envoy to the centennial celebrations of the National Eucharistic Congress of St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, June 15 to 16, 2001. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the reestablishment of the Catholic hierarchy in the Netherlands that took place in Utrecht, June 7, 2003. Resigned the post of secretary general of the Synod of Bishops upon reaching the age limit, February 11, 2004. Special papal envoy to the solemn celebrations of the 17th centennial of the martyrdom of St. Domnio, bishop, patron of the archdiocese of Split-Makarsk, Croatia, that took place in Split, May 6 and 7, 2004. Special papal envoy to the solemn closing celebrations of the year dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the proclamation of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception, that took place in the National Shrine in Washington, D.C., United States of America, on December 8, 2004.

Death. January 10, 2005, Policlinic "Agostino Gemelli", Rome. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent Dottore Hubert Schotte, his brother, a telegram of condolence. Exposed in the chapel of S. Stefano degli Abissini, at the Vatican. His funeral Mass, concelebrated by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, dean of the College of Cardinals, together with the other cardinals, took place at the patriarchal Vatican basilica, on January 14, 2005. The Pope presided over the exequial liturgy and delivered the homily and had the rite of the Ultima Commendatio and the Valedictio. Buried, temporarily, in the chapel of the canons of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome (1). In the first week of January 2008, the mortal remains of the cardinal were moved to his definitive tomb in the church of S. Giuliano dei Fiamminghi, his deaconry (2). The transfer and burial were done privately. A Mass for the eternal repose of his soul was celebrated on Sunday January 13, 2008 in that church.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in Dutch, Wikipedia; photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Notificazione: Capella Papale per le esequie del Signor Cardinale Jan Pieter Schotte, C.I.C.M., Office of Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff, The Vatican; homily pronounced by Pope John Paul II during the funeral mass for the late cardinal, The Vatican.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

(120) 13. EYT, Pierre
(1934-2001)

Birth. June 4, 1934, Laruns, diocese of Bayonne, France. Eldest of the three children of Jean Eyt, a hotelier, and Joséphine Gabastou. The other siblings were Jeanne and Henri. His baptismal name was Pierre Étienne Louis. His mother died when he was four years old. The last name "Eyt" already appears in Haut Ossau (Bèarn), in the cartulary of the 14th century (1366).

Education. Primary studies in the public school of Laruns; secondary studies at Collège Saint-Joseph d'Oloron Sainte-Marie; and later at Lycée Montaigne, in Bordeaux; then he studied law at the Institute of Juridical and Economic Studies, Pau; entered the Seminary Pius XI, Bayonne, in 1954; and in 1955, he went to the Seminary of the Catholic Institute, Toulouse; called to serve in the armed forces in 1956, he became sub-lieutenant of Alpine Chasseurs and served in Kabyle from 1957 to 1959; he later studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in theology, in 1967 (thesis: "Structure et exercice de la doctrina sacra d'aprés Dominique Soto (1495-1560). Contribution à l'étude de la tradition thomiste au XVI siècle").

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1961, in Bayonne. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Bayonne, 1961-1963. Further studies and pastoral ministry in Rome, 1963-1967. Assistant professor of theology in 1967 at the Catholic Institute of Toulouse; later, its vice-rector; and rector in 1975. Officer of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1979. Member of the International Theological Commission in 1980. Rector of the Catholic Institute of Paris, 1981. President of the Union of Catholic Institutes of Higher Education of France, 1982. Founder of the Jewish Studies Center, Jerusalem, 1984, by request of the Holy See. Attended the Second Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; assistant to the special secretary.

Episcopate. Elected coadjutor archbishop of Bordeaux, June 7, 1986. Consecrated, September 28, 1986, cathedral of Bordeaux, by Marius Maziers, archbishop of Bordeaux, assisted by Cardinal Jean-Marie Lustiger, archbishop of Paris, and by André Collini, archbishop of Toulouse. Attended the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; special secretary. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Bordeaux, May 31, 1989; took possession of the see on June 1, 1989. Convoked and presided over the diocesan synod of Bordeaux, 1990-1993. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio, November 26, 1994. Ascribed to the Congregations for Catholic Education and for the Doctrine of the Faith. He was named chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur in 1995. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 9th centenary of the erection of the cathedral of Nîmes, France, June 23, 1996.

Death. June 11, 2001, after a long battle with cancer, Bordeaux, France. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent the diocesan administrator a telegram of condolence. The requiem mass, presided over by Cardinal Roger Etchegaray, was celebrated on the following June 15, in the metropolitan cathedral of Saint-André of Bordeaux, with the participation of Cardinals Jean-Marie Lustiger, archbishop of Paris, and Louis-Marie Billé, archbishop of Lyon. The body of the late cardinal was buried in the cemetery of Laruns, city where he was born (1).

Bibliography. Eyt, Pierre. La joie et l'espérance du cardinal Pierre Eyt. Paris : Cerf, 2009. (L'histoire à vif). Responsibility: [Pierre Eyt] ; textes édités par Françoise Brian et Didier Monget ; préface par Roger Etchegaray ; portrait par Paul Meunier; Lavaud, Claudie. "Pierre, cardinal Eyt." Communio, revue catholique internationale, vol. 27/1, nº 159, Janvier-Février 2002 (02/2002), 115-122; Eyt, Pierre ; Meunier, Paul. Cardinal Pierre Eyt: entretien avec Paul Meunier. Bordeaux : Mollat, 1997; Jore, Alexander. Épiscopologe Français de 1592 à 1973. Mis à jour et continué jusqu'en 2004. Complément de l'article "France" du Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiastiques t. XVIII, colonnes 161 à 532. Pro-Manuscripto, 25-III-2004, no. 3268.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; biography, in French, Wikipedia; photograph and biography by Eman Bonnici, in English, Find a Grave; photographs, Araldica Vaticana; Mort du cardinal Pierre Eyt, La Dépêche, 12/06/2001 à 00:00; French Cardinal Eyt Dies at Age 67, Zenit, Vatican City, June 11, 2001 00:00; 20 anni fa la morte del Cardinale Pierre Eyt by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Bordeaux, 11 giugno, 2021 / 9:00 AM.

(1) This is the text of the simple inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

(121) 14. AGUSTONI, Gilberto
(1922-2017)

Birth. July 26, 1922, Schaffhausen, diocese of Lugano, Switzerland. Son of Antonio and Luigia Agustoni. His father was a civil servant who came from Ticino and who moved with his family to Coldrerio becuase he had been appointed director of the customs of Chiasso. He had four brothers and one sister. Two of his brothers were also priests. Their mother came from a village on the shores of Lake Constance. His baptismal name was Gilberto Angelo.

Education. At home, he received a rigorous Christian education. Studied at San Carlo Seminary of Lugano, where he finished high school; then, he was sent to Rome to start his theological studies; he took a preparatory year at the University of San Tommaso d'Aquino and obtained a degree in philosophy; because of the Second World War, the bishop of Lugano, Angelo Jelmini, decided to keep his students in Switzerland and had him continue his studies at the University of Freiburg, where he obtained a degree in sacred theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 20, 1946, in the cathedral of Lugano, by Bishop Angelo Jelmini of Lugano. Successively, 1946-1950, vice-assessor of the diocesan Catholic Action; pastoral ministry with students in several Swiss universities; pastoral ministry with the Catholic Scouts Association. In 1950, Msgr. Alfredo Ottaviani, then assessor of the S.C. of the Holy Office, asked the bishop of Lugano for the young Father Agustoni, whom he had met on several occasions. On the senior prelate's persistence, the bishop finally agreed, although not without regret. Father Agustoni eventually became Monsignor Ottaviani's secretary after having to be approved by Pope Pius XII because he was not yet thirty years old. He entered the service of the Holy See, July 1, 1950. Office chief and commissary the of S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments for matrimonial causes; consultor of the S.C. for Divine Worship, 1950-1970. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, January 6, 1956; November 3, 1958. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, May 23, 1964. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, May 5, 1970.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Caorle and appointed secretary of the Congregation for Clergy, December 18, 1986. Consecrated, January 6, 1987, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by José Tomás Sánchez, archbishop emeritus of Nueva Segovia, secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. In the same ceremony was consecrated Dino Monduzzi, titular bishop of Capri, prefect of the Pontifical Household, future cardinal. His episcopal motto was Christus spes gloriae. He had an active role in the elaboration of the Apostolic constitution Pastor Bonus (June 28, 1988), of the Regolamento generale della Curia Romana, and of the new Catechism of the Catholic Church. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Named member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature on June 2, 1991. Pro-prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of Apostolic Signature and pro-president of the Appeal Court of Vatican City, April 2, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; and the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ss. Urbano e Lorenzo a Porta Prima, November 26, 1994. Appointed prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature on November 26, 1994. Member of the Congregations for Bishops and for Catholic Education; of the Pontifical Council for the Legislative Texts; and of the Office for the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of third centenary of miraculous image of Blessed Virgin Mary venerated in the cathedral, Gyor, Hungary, March 15-17, 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Resigned the prefecture of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature on October 5, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years of age, July 26, 2002. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the centennial of the coronation of the image of Mater Dolorosa in the Shrine of Telgte, diocese of Münster, Germany, July 3, 2004. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, February 24, 2005.

Death. January 13, 2017, at 5 p.m., at the Clinica Santa Maria di Leuca, Rome, run by the Daughters of Santa Maria di Leuca who assisted him for many years. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent his niece a telegram of condolence. On Tuesday January 17, 2017, at 10 a.m., at the Altar of the Cathedra of the Papal Vatican Basilica, took place a cappella papale for the exequies of the late cardinal. The exequial liturgy was celebrated by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, together with eighteen cardinals and five bishops. At the end of the Eucharistic Celebration, Holy Father Francis presided over the rite of the Ultima Commendatio and the Valedictio. The late cardinal was buried temporarily in the Chapel of the Sisters Daughters of Santa Maria di Leuca in the Roman Cemetery of Prima Porta (Cimitero Flaminio). The Sisters assisted Cardinal Augustoni for many years. On August 2, 2017, the late cardinals was reburied in a specially constructed marble sarcophagus in the chapel of their Motherhouse at via Tiberina 191, Prima Porta, following a Eucharistic celebration presided by Valerio Lazzeri, bishop of Lugano (1).

Beatification. On March 9, 2022, Monsignor Sabino Amedeo Lattanzio from the archdiocese of Trani-Barletta-Bisceglie-Nazareth was nominated postulator for the cause of beatification of Cardinal Gilberto Agustoni, being already, among others, the postulator for the causes of the Venerable Mother Elisa Martinez, foundress of the Institute of the Daughters di Santa Maria di Leuca and of the Servant of God, Mother Teresa Lanfranco, former vicar general of that Institute, with whom the cardinal had a lifelong affiliation dating back to 1950 when, having arrived in Rome at the service of the Holy See as secretary to Monsignor Alfredo Ottaviani, then assessor of the Holy Office, he took up residence with the Daughters, beginning his constant relationship with this religious family which lasted until the very end of his life. On Saturday, November 19, 2022, at 5:30 p.m., at the Basilica Shrine of Santa Maria di Leuca of Lecce, the cause for beatification of Cardinal Agustoni was officially opened.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms and autograph, Araldica Vaticana; his arms and photograph, Araldica Vaticana; Le cardinal suisse Gilberto Agustoni est décédé à l'âge de 94 ans, rts.info, samedi janvier 14, 2017, 12:50; Décès du cardinal suisse Gilberto Agustoni, Radio Vatican, 14/01/2017 12:40; Swiss Cardinal Agustoni, longtime Vatican official, dies at 94 by Cindy Wooden, The Pilot, Vatican City, 1/17/2017; Il Cardinale Agustoni, una vita spesa tra diritto e formazione del cleroby Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 13 gennaio, 2022 / 2:00 PM; Mons. Sabino Lattanzio Nominato Postulatore della Causadi Beatificazione e Canonizzazione del Cardinale Gilberto Agustoni, Arcidiocesi di Trani Barletta Bisceglie, 9 Marzo 2022; Causa di canonizzazione del Servo di Dio Card. Gilberto Angelo Augustoni, Diocesi Ugento Santa Maria di Leuca, posted by don Rocco Frisullo, 17/11/2022.

(1) This is the inscription on his sarcophagus, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

(122) 15. WAMALA, Emmanuel
(1926-

Birth. December 15, 1926, Kamaggwa, diocese of Masaka, Uganda. Son of Cosma Kyamcra Wamala and Theresa Nnamayanja. The had ten children; two of them died in childhood; of the surviving children, five boys and three girls, two became priests and one religious; while all the others married.

Education. First four years of elementary education at schools in Kalisizo and Bakira; from 1942 to 1949, he studied at the Bukalasa Minor Seminary; from 1949 to 1955, he frequented the National Major Seminary of Katigondo; he then performed a short pastoral experience at the parish of Kabula, in the diocese of Masaka; in September, he was sent to study in Rome at the Pontifical Collegio Urbaniano (now Pontifical Urbanian University), where he obtained a licentiate in theology; after his priestly ordination in Rome, he studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University, where he earned a licentiate in social sciences; from 1962 to 1964, he took a course in pedagogy at Makerere University, Kampala; Notre Dame University, South Bend, United States. Received the diaconate, August 15, 1957, Rome, from Pietro Sigismondi, titular archbishop of Neapoli di Pisidia, secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1957, chapel of the Pontifical Collegio Urbaniano, Rome, by Pietro Sigismondi, titular archbishop of Neapoli di Pisidia, secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide. In the same ceremony was also ordained Stephen Fumio Hamao, future cardinal. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1960. In 1960, he returned to Uganda and for two years he was worked at the parish of Villa Maria, with the charge of diocesan scholastic supervisor in the diocese of Masaka. Further studies in Kampala from 1962 to 1964. Professor at the Bukalasa Minor Seminary from 1964 until 1968. Chaplain at Makerere University from 1968 to 1974. Named vicar general of diocese of Masaka in 1974; occupied the post until 1981; simultaneously, he was pastor of the parish of Nkoni, from 1975 to 1977; and of the parish of Kimaanya, from 1977 to 1979. Chaplain of His Holiness, May 25, 1977.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Kiyinda-Mityana, July 17, 1981. Consecrated, November 22, 1981, Mityana, by Cardinal Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga, archbishop of Kampala, assisted by Hadrian Kivumbi Ddungu, bishop of Masaka, and by Josef Stimpfle, bishop of Augsburg. His episcopal motto is In te Domine speravi. Attended the Sixth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Promoted to coadjutor archbishop, with right of succession, of Kampala, June 21, 1988. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Kampala, February 8, 1990. President of the Episcopal Conference of Uganda for two terms, 1986-1990 and 1990-1994. He was president of Uganda Joint Christian Council. First rector of the Uganda Martyrs University, which was officially inaugurate on October 18, 1993. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Ugo, June 28, 1994. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. His resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Kampala was accepted by the pope, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law, on August 19, 2006. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old on December 15, 2006. Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World".

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; En Ouganda le président Museveni rend hommage au cardinal Emmanuel Wamala, La Croix, 4 mars 2020.

Birth. March 4, 1931, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America. Son of Thomas L. Keeler and Margaret T. Conway. Soon after his birth, the family moved to Lebanon, Pennsylvania.

Education. Studied at Catholic elementary and high schools in Lebanon, Pennsylvania; at Saint Charles Seminary, Overbrook, Philadelphia, obtaining a bachelor's in arts in 1952; and at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, obtaining a licentiate in theology in 1956; and a doctorate in canon law in 1961.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 17, 1955, church of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome. From 1955 to 1979, pastoral ministry in Harrisburg; secretary of the diocesan tribunal; further studies in Rome; defensor of the matrimonial bond; expert at the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965; vice-chancellor, 1965, and later chancellor. Chaplain of His Holiness, November 9, 1965. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, May 8, 1970.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Dulcigno and appointed auxiliary of Harrisburg, July 24, 1979. Consecrated, September 21, 1979, St. Patrick's cathedral, Harrisburg, by Joseph Thomas Daly, bishop of Harrisburg, assisted by Francis Joseph Gossman, bishop of Raleigh, and by Martin Nicholas Lohmuller, titular bishop of Ramsbiria, auxiliary of Philadelphia. His episcopal motto was Opus fac evangelistae. Apostolic administrator of Harrisburg, September 3, 1983. Transferred to see of Harrisburg, November 10, 1983. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Baltimore, April 6, 1989. Vice-president of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops/U.S. Catholic Conference, 1989-1992; president, 1992-1995. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria degli Angeli, November 26, 1994. Member, by papal appointment, of the council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, January 11, 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Special papal envoy to the National Congress on the Holy Spirit, Manila, Philippines, January 22 to 25, 1998. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. On July 12, 2007, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Baltimore, United States of America, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. Apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor on October 1, 2007. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on March 4, 2011. An Eagle Scout, he was the recipient of the Silver Beaver, Silver Antelope and Distingushed Eagle Scout of the Boy Scouts of America.

Death. March 23, 2017, early in the morning, at St. Martin's Home for the Aged in Catonsville, Maryland. No cause of death was reported. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop William Edward Lori of Baltimore. The Mass of Christian Burial was celebrated at the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen in Homeland. The Rite of Committal, performed by Archbishop Lori, was in the crypt of the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Baltimore at 4:30 on Tuesday March 28, 2017, followed by the late cardinal's entombment (1).　

Bibliography. Branson, Charles N. Ordinations of U. S. Catholic Bishops 1970-1989. A chronological list. Washington, D.C. : National Conference of Catholic Bishops ; United States Catholic Conference, 1990, p. 180; Kauffman, C. J. "Keeler, William Henry." New Catholic encyclopedia : jubilee volume, the Wojtyła years. Detroit, MI : Gale Group in association with the Catholic University of America, 2001, p. 237-238.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, archdiocese of Baltimore; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Cardinal Keeler, retired archbishop of Baltimore, dies at 86, Baltimore, CNS/The Boston Pilot, 3/23/2017; Cardinal William Keeler (1931-2017) by Adelaide Mena, National Catholic Register, CNA/EWTN News Mar. 23, 2017; Cardinal Keeler Leaves a Legacy of Ecumenism and Evangelization by Bishop Kevin Rhoades, National Catholic Register, Mar. 27, 2017; Cardinal recalled as 'tornado' of nonstop work with caring, pastoral side by George P. Matysek Jr., CNS, The Pilot, 3/28/2017; As in his life, all welcomed at Cardinal Keeler's funeral Mass by Erik Zygmont, Baltimore, CNS, The Boston Pilot, 3/29/2017.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta

Birth. November 9, 1922, Lima, Perú. Son of Eduardo Vargas O’Dowling and María Luisa Alzamora Bustamante. He had two brothers, Eduardo and Luis; and a sister, Inés.

Education. He did his primary and secondary studies at "Colegio de la Inmaculada" of the Society of Jesus in Lima, finishin them in 1939 with the prize "Excelencia de Honor", the highest one of that institution. Joined the Society of Jesus, Novitiate of St. Stanislas Kostka, Miraflores, March 9 (or 10), 1940; he took his first vows in 1942; then, studied at the Jesuit Philosophical Faculty, San Miguel, Argentina; and in Madrid, Spain; later, studied at the Jesuit Theological Faculty, Granada, Spain; and finally, at the University of San Marcos, Lima, where he earned a doctorate in education.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 15, 1955, Madrid, by José María García Lahiguera, titular bishop of Zela, auxiliary of Madrid. Spiritual director and rector (1969-1975) of "La Inmaculada" Jesuit school, Lima; provincial delegate for Jesuit educational works in Perú; provincial counselor and master of novices; director of the Marian sodality; pastoral ministry among students and founder of Hogar de Cristo and of schools Fe y Alegría.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Cissi and appointed apostolic vicar of Jaén in Perú or San Francisco Javier, June 8, 1978. Consecrated, August 15, 1978, by Carlo Furno, titular archbishop of Abari, nuncio in Perú, assisted by Ricardo Durand Flórez, S.J., archbishop-bishop of El Callao, and by Manuel Prado Pérez-Rosas, S.J., archbishop of Trujillo. His episcopal motto was Amaos los unos a los otros. Elected secretary general of the Episcopal Conference of Perú in 1982; reelected twice. Resigned the pastoral government of the vicariate, August 23, 1985. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Lima, December 30, 1989. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of Perú, 1989-1999. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. President ad interim of the Episcopal Conference of Perú, 1993-1994; president, 1994-1999. Attended the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Roberto Bellarmino, November 26, 1994. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, January 9, 1999. Continued ministering at a homeless shelter he founded in Lima.

Death. September 4, 2000, early in the morning, of "derrame cerebral" (apoplexy), in the Clinic Tezza, in Monterrico, Lima. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent Juan Luis Cipriani, archbishop of Lima, a telegram of condolence. Buried in the crypt of the metropolitan cathedral basilica of Lima (1). A school of secondary education was named after him in Lima.

Webgraphy. His arms and biograph, in Spanish, Wikipedia; his portrait and arms, Araldica Vaticana; his genealogy and biography, Geneanet.org; Dolor del Papa por la muerte del cardenal de Perú, Vargas Alzamora, Zenit, 6 septiembre 2000; photographs and biography by Guy Gagnon, in English, Find a Grave; Piden desarchivar caso por muerte de cardenal Augusto Vargas Alzamora, carloscardenasborja.blogspot.com, miércoles, 5 de enero de 2011.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

(125) 18. TURCOTTE, Jean-Claude
(1936-2015)

Birth. June 26, 1936, parish of Sainte Marguerite Marie, Montréal, Canada. One of the seven children of Raymond Turcotte, an employee of a small hardware shop, and his wife.

Education. Initial studies in the parish school of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in Laval; then, at Collège André-Grasset from 1947 until 1955 (classical studies); at the Major Seminary of Montréal from 1954 until 1959, obtaining a licentiate in theology in 1959; and at the Catholic Faculty of Lille, France, obtaining a diploma in social pastoral in 1965.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 24, 1959, church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul de Laval, by Laurent Morin, bishop of Prince-Albert. Pastoral ministry, Montréal, 1959-1964: vicar of the parish of Saint-Mathias-Apôtre; assistant to the diocesan chaplain of J.O.C., 1961-1964. Further studies, Lille, 1964-1965. At his return to Montréal, he became diocesan chaplain of Jeunesse Indépendante Catholique Féminine and of Mouvement des Travailleurs Chrétiens. In 1967 he was called to the Office of the Clergy and made responsible for seminarians, secretary of the Commission des Traitements, responsible for studies and permanent formation of the clergy, 1972-1974. Named director of the Office of Parochial Pastoral in 1974. Became procurator of the archdiocese in 1977. Canon titular of the metropolitan chapter, he was named vicar general and general coordinator of pastoral, September 25, 1981.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Suas and appointed auxiliary of Montréal, April 14, 1982. Consecrated, June 29, 1982, metropolitan cathedral of Montréal, by Paul Grégoire, archbishop of Montréal, assisted by Andrea Maria Cimichella, titular bishop of Quiza, auxiliary of Montréal, and by Leonard James Crowley, titular bishop of Mons in Numida, auxiliary of Montréal. His episcopal motto was Servir le Seigneur dans la Joie. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Montréal, March 17, 1990. Attended the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of Nostra Signora del SS. Sacramento e Santi Martiri Canadesi, November 26, 1994. On June 6, 1995, McGill University of Montréal granted him an honorary doctorate in theology. Named member of Council of Cardinals for Study of Organizational and Economic Problems of Holy See, November 6, 1995. Named an officer of the Order of Canada in 1996 by Governor General Roméo Leblanc. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; president of the commission for the final message. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. In July 2007, he received an honorary doctorate in law from Concordia University, Montréal. On September 11, 2008, he returned his Order of Canada insignia in protest of the induction of pro-choice activist Henry Morgentaler on July 1, 2008. The return of his insignia happened later than that of others who had protested against Morgentaler's entry because Cardinal Turcotte had hoped that the Consultative Council for the Order of Canada would revise its decision. Eventually, fearing that his silence on the matter might be misinterpreted, the cardinal renounced his title of officer of the Order of Canada and returned his insignia. This became effective on June 1, 2009. The pope accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Montréal on March 20, 2012. He was apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor, Archbishop Christian Lépine. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Confirmed as member of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints on December 19, 2013.

Death. April 8, 2015, from complications related to diabetes, at Hôpital Marie-Clarac, in Montréal. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, the Pope Francis sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop Christian Lépine of Montréal. The funeral of Cardinal Turcotte took place on Friday April 17, at 2 p.m., at Mary Queen of the World Cathedral. The public paid tribute to the cardinal for the last time with the lying-in-state the day before from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. He was buried in the Bishops' Chapel of the metropolitan cathedral of Montréal (1).

Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. Les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2202. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 846-847; Turcotte, Jean-Claude ; Maisonneuve, Pierre. Jean-Claude Turcotte : l'homme derrière le cardinal. Ottawa : Novalis, 1998. (Les grandes entrevues Pierre Maisonneuve; Variation: Grandes entrevues Pierre Maisonneuve).

Webgraphy. Photgraph and official biography, in French, diocèse de Montréal; photograph and biography, in English, archdioces of Montreal; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms and photographs, Araldica Vaticana; Sur les médias: cardinal Jean-Claude Turcotte TÉMOIN , in French, YouTube; Sur l'êducation de la foi: le cardinal Jean-Claude Turcotte in French, YouTube.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

Birth. September 24, 1926, Valencia, archdiocese of Valencia, Spain. Of a family from the bourgeoisie. Son of Fermín Carles, a lawyer, and Josefina Gordó. He had an older brother. His first name is also listed as Ricard.

Education. Initial studies at the Teresian school in Valencia; then, he completed his secondary education at the Jesuit Colegio de San José, also in Valencia; after a period of discernment, he entered the Major Seminary of Valencia, where he was a pupil at Colegio "Corpus Christi" (also called of the Patriarch); and finally, he studied at the Pontifical University of Salamanca, where he obtained a licenciate in canon law in 1953.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1951, Valencia. Further studies in Rome from 1951 to 1953. Successively, 1953-1969, pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Valencia, including parish priest and archpriest of Sant Pere, Tavernes de la Valldigna, between 1953 and 1967; and rector of the parish of San Fernando in Valencia (1967); counselor of the Juventud Obrera Católica, JOC (Catholic Youth Workers); director of the boarding-school for deacons; episcopal delegate for the clergy; and diocesan counselor for the pastoral for the family. He founded the church of Sant Josep and promoted what later became the Centre Excursionista de Tavernes de la Valldigna. In 1969, he was proclaimed "Hijo Adoptivo" (Adoptive Son) of Tavernes de la Valldigna.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Tortosa, June 6, 1969. Consecrated, August 3, 1969, cathedral of Tortosa, by Luigi Dadaglio, titular archbishop of Lero, nuncio in Spain, assisted by Manuel Moll y Salord, titular bishop of Urbs Salvia, former bishop of Tortosa, and by Rafael González Moralejo, titular bishop of Dardano, auxiliary of Valencia. His episcopal motto was Ut omnes unum sint. He made the solemn entrance in his see on the same day of his episcopal consecration. He convoked and promoted the first post-conciliar diocesan synod. President of the commission for seminaries and universities of the Spanish Episcopal Conference. Promoted to the archiepiscopal see of Barcelona, March 23, 1990. He took possession of the see the following May 27. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. In Barcelona, he established presbyterial and pastoral diocesan councils. He reorganized the vast archdiocese into four episcopal zones entrusted to five auxiliary bishops, who were appointed after his arrival in the archdiocese of Barcelona.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Consolatrice al Tiburtino, November 26, 1994. Named member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See on November 6, 1995. Vice-president of the Spanish Episcopal Conference from 1999 until 2002. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese on June 15, 2004. On that same day, the archiepiscopal see of Barcelona was elevated to the rank of metropolitan see. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old on September 24, 2006.

Death. December 17, 2013, in the morning, from complications following a stroke he had suffered on the previous November 25 while in hospital, after being treated for an epileptic crisis three days earlier, in the Hospital Santa Cruz, Tortosa (Tarragona). Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent Cardinal Lluis Martinez Sistach, archbishop of Barcelona, a telegram of condolence. The funeral mass, presided by Cardinal Martínez Sistach, took place in the metropolitan cathedral of that city on Thursday December 19 at 11 a.m. Later, the body of the late cardinal was taken to the metropolitan cathedral of Valencia, where another funeral mass was concelebrated by Cardinal Martínez Sistach; Cardinal Carlos Amigo Vallejo, O.F.M., archbishop emeritus of Sevilla; Carlos Osoro Sierra, archbishop of Valencia; and eight other bishops. After the funeral, body of the late cardinal was taken to the Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados of Valencia, where he was buried according to his wish (1).

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 131.

Webgraphy. Biography by Vicente Cárcel Ortí, in Spanish, Diccionario Biográfico Español, DB~e; his photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; his photograph, arms and biography, in French, Wikipedia; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; photograph and biography, in Catalonian, archdiocese of Barcelona; Fallece el Cardenal Ricardo María Carles, arzobispo eméeito de Barcelona, Revista Ecclesia, 17 diciembre, 2013; Fallece a los 87 años el cardenal valenciano Ricard María Carles, que fue arcipreste de Tavernes de la Valldigna, Media Servicio Safor, 17 diciembre 2013; Las banderas del Ayuntamiento de Tavernes de la Valldigna ondean a media asta por el fallecimiento del cardenal Carles, Media Servicio Safor, 17 diciembre 2013; El cardenal Ricard Maria Carles ya descansa en la Basílica de la Mare de Déu, Media Servicio Safor, 0/12/2013; his tomb in the Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados of Valencia, levante-emv.com.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his tomb, taken from the site of the archdiocese of Valencia, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

Birth. March 18, 1930, East Vandergrift, diocese of Pittsburgh (now diocese of Greensburg), United States of America. Of a Polish American family, he was the first of three sons of Adam Maida (+1961), who came from a rural area near Warsaw, and Sophie Cieslak (+ 2008 at 99), born in the United States. One of his brothers, Thaddeus, is a priest incardinated in the diocese of Pittsburgh; the other, Daniel, is married and has three sons.

Education. Studied at St. Vincent's College, Latrobe; at St. Mary's University, Baltimore; at the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he obtained licentiates in theology and canon law; and at Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, where he earned a doctorate in civil law.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 26, 1956, St. Paul Cathedral, Pittsburgh, by John Dearden, bishop of Pittsburgh. Further studies, Rome, 1956-1960. From 1960 to 1983, in the diocese of Pittsburgh, pastoral ministry; further studies; assistant chancellor; vice-chancellor; diocesan general consultor in the diocesan tribunal; faculty member, La Roche College; chaplain of the St. Thomas More's Society; faculty member, Duquesne University, 1971-1983.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Green Bay, November 7, 1983. Consecrated, January 25, 1984, St. Francis Xavier cathedral, Green Bay, by Pio Laghi, titular archbishop of Mauriana, apostolic delegate to the United States of America, assisted by Aloysius John Wycislo, bishop emeritus of Green Bay, and by Vincent Martin Leonard, bishop emeritus of Pittsburgh. His episcopal motto is Facere omnia nova. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Detroit, April 28, 1990.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio e Protasio, November 26, 1994. Papal legate to the 19th International Marian Congress, Czestochowa, Poland, August 24-26, 1996. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Superior of the Mission sui iuris of the Cayman Islands, July 14, 2000. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. On January 5, 2009, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Detroit in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. He was apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor on January 28, 2009. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years of age on March 18, 2010.

Bibliography. Bransom, Charles N. Ordinations of U. S. Catholic bishops 1790-1989. A chronological list. Washington, D.C. : National Conference of Catholic Bishops ; United States Catholic Conference, 1990, p. 191; Bugarini, G. Michael. "Maida, Adam." New Catholic encyclopedia : jubilee volume, the Wojtyła years. Detroit, MI : Gale Group in association with the Catholic University of America, 2001, p. 351-352.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, archdiocese of Detroit; his arms, in English, archdiocese of Detroit; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.

Birth. September 8, 1945, Prijecani, diocese of Banja Luka, Socialist Republic of Bosnia i Herzegovina, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He was the twelfth of the thirteen children of Ivan and Kaja Puljić. His mother died when he was three years old. His father remarried and he was raised by his stepmother, Ana.

Education. Studied at the Minor Seminary of Zagreb; at the Minor Seminary of Djakovo; and at the Major Seminary of Djakovo.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1970, Djakovo, by Stjepan Bauerlein, bishop of Djakovo. Incardinated in the diocese of Banja Luka. From 1970 to 1978, pastoral ministry in the diocese of Banja Luka and in its episcopal curia. Spiritual director of the Minor Seminary, Zadar, and pastoral ministry in that archdiocese, 1978-1987. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Banja Luka 1987-1990. In 1990, Sarajevo, vice-rector of its major seminary; relator for seminaries, promoter of sacerdotal and religious vocations, and member of the presbyteral council.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Vrhbosna (Sarajevo), November 19, 1990. Consecrated, January 6, 1991, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Justin Francis Rigali, titular archbishop of Bolsena, secretary of the Congregation for Bishops and of the College of Cardinals. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Jean-Louis Tauran, Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, ISch., and Julián Herranz Casado. His episcopal motto is Pro Mariju u Vjeri NadiI i Ljubavi. On March 1, 1992, Bosnia i Herzegovina became independent from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Chiara a Vigna Clara, November 26, 1994. He is the first cardinal from Bosnia i Hercegovina. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Special papal envoy to the Second National Eucharistic Congress of Lithuania, Kaunas, June 1 to 4, 2000. Special papal envoy to the celebrations in occasion of the International Ukrainian Pilgrimage to the Marian Shrine of Zarvanycia, Ukraine, July 22 to 23, 2000. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Invested as bailiff of Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, October 18, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005; by papal appointment. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". On September 18, 2012, the pope appointed him synodal father of the Thirteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 7 to 28, 2012, on the theme "The new evangelization for the transmission of the Christian faith". Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Elected president of the Episcopal Conference in 2015. On December 19, 2015, he was named special papal envoy to the celebrations celebrations planned in Croatia on February 3, 2016, for the 17th centenial of the martyrdom of Saint Blaise, patron of the diocese of Dubrovnik (Ragusa), and the 600th anniversary of the Ragusin law against the slave trade. On August 20, 2016, he was named special papal envoy to the celebration that took place in Skopje, Macedonia, on September 11, 2016, at the conclusion of the day of thanksgiving for the canonization of Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta. On January 17, 2022, President Zoran Milanović of Croatia bestowed the Grand Order of King Dmitar Zvonimir with sash and star upon Cardinal Puljić for his outstanding contribution to the preservation of the Croatian identity, and for extraordinary achievement in interreligious, cultural and humanitarian activities. On January 29, 2022, the Holy Father accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Vrhbosna (Sarajevo); he was succeeded by Tomo Vukšić, until then coadjutor archbishop of that archdiocese; the Mass marking the beginning of his ministry was on March 12, 2022 in the cathedral of Sarajevo.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, Press Office of the Holy See; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photographs, arms and biography, in English, Wikipedia; photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Puljic: io, vescovo a Sarajevo - La mia guerra, la mia pace, Avvenire, 15 giugno 2014; Sarajevo cardinal to be pope's emissary for Mother Teresa event, ucanews, August 23, 2016; Puljić: diritti umani, dignità e uguaglianza per pace in Bosnia-Erzegovina by Giada Aquilino, vaticannews.va, Città del Vaticano, 12 marzo 2018, 14:18, with audio; L’archevêque de Sarajevo invite l’Europe à redécouvrir ses racines chrétiennes, vaticannews.va, 03 août 2018, 17:22; Verso Bari 2020. Il cardinale Puljic: «Non c'è ancora pace nei Balcani» by Giacomo Gambassi, Avvenire, Sarajevo, lunedì 30 dicembre 2019; Intervento del Card. Vinko Puljić, Arcivescovo di Sarajevo, Presidente della Conferenza Episcopale della Bosnia-Erzegovina in occasione dell’Incontro di riflessione e spiritualità “Mediterraneo frontiera di pace”, Il Sismografo, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, domenica 23 febbraio 2020; Bosnien: Kardinal Puljic mit Covid-19 im Krankenhaus, Vatican News, 03 Dezember 2020, 15:31; President Milanović Bestows Grand Order of King Dmitar Zvonimir with Sash and Star upon Cardinal Puljić, Office of the President of the Republic of Croatia, 17. January 2022. 19:07; Bosnia-Erzegovina: card. Puljic (Sarajevo) annuncia il suo “pensionamento”. Sul Paese, “clima avvelenato ma non c’è altra scelta che vivere insieme”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 19 Gennaio 2022 @ 18:56; Dopo 31 anni il card. Vinko Puljić diventa Arcivescovo Metropolita emerito Vrhbosna, Sarajevo, Il Sismografo, sabato 29 gennaio 2022; Chiesa in Europa, dopo 31 anni cambia l’arcivescovo di Sarajevo by Andrea Gagliarducci, ACI Stampa, Sarajevo, 29 gennaio, 2022 / 2:00 PM.

Birth. August 7, 1925, Ambohimalaza, apostolic vicariate of Tananarive, Madagascar. Son of Paul Razafindratandra, son of the governor of Tananarive, and Joséphine Rasoanoro. His first name is also listed as Gaëtan.

Education. Primary and secondary studies at the parish school of Faravohitra, at the school of the Christian Brothers of Andohalo, at the Minor Seminary, Ambohipo and at St. Michael School, of the Jesuit fathers; Major Seminary, Ambatoroka (philosophy and theology); Institute of Catechetical Pastoral, Catholic Institute, Paris; Institute of Social Studies, Catholic Institute, Paris.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 27, 1954, Tananarive, by Victor Sartre, S.J., titular bishop of Vaga, apostolic vicar of Tananarive. Further studies, Paris, 1954-1956. From 1956 to 1978, pastoral ministry; director of catechesis; spiritual director of public and private non-confessional schools; director of the National Catechetical Center; rector, Minor Seminary of Faliarivo; spiritual director, Major Seminary of Amabatoroka.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Majunga, April 27, 1978. Consecrated, July 2, 1978, by Cardinal Victor Razafimahatratra, S.J., archbishop of Tananarive, assisted by Albert Joseph Tsiahoana, archbishop of Diego Suárez, and by François Vòllaro, O.SS.T., bishop of Ambatondrazaka. His episcopal motto was Ut omnes unum sint. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Antananarivo, February 3, 1994; the name of the see had been changed from Tananarive on October 28, 1989. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa, April 10 to May 8, 1994; member of the Council of the General Secretariat of the Special Assembly for Africa. Apostolic administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis of Miarinavo, July, 1994 until February 14, 1998.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, November 26, 1994. President of the Episcopal Conference of Madagascar from 1996 until 2002. He actively collaborated with the Malagasy Council of Christian Churches. He founded the Zanakavavin'ny Eglizin'i Mahajanga. Special papal envoy to the closing celebrations of the first centennial of the evangelization of the diocese of Antsirabé, Madagascar, September 17 to 19, 1999. He played a crucial role in the accession to the presidency of Marc Ravalomanana, to whom he was very close, after a disputed election held on December 16, 2001; he was present when the new president took the oath of office on February 22, 2002, in Antananarivo; the president was forced to resign in March 2009, after a prolonged national conflict. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old on August 7, 2005. The pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law, December 7, 2005. Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World". His last public appearance took place on December 30, 2009, when he celebrated the funeral mass for former Prime Minister Jacques Hugues Sylla in the cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Andohalo.

Death. January 9, 2010, at 7 p.m., at Androva hospital, Mahajanga. He was walking near a religious center in Mahajanga, when he fainted and fell (he used to swim in the nearby beach). He had recently suffered a bout of influenza. He was taken to the hospital of Androva, where he died a short time later. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop Odon Marie Arsène Razanakolona of Antananarivo. President Andry Rajoelina, of the Présidence de la Haute autorité de la Transition de Madagascar, also sent telegrams of condolence to the pope, the apostolic nuncio in Madagascar and the Episcopal Conference of Madagascar. The cardinal's remains were exposed in the cathedral of Mahajanga. On Tuesday January 12, the remains were taken to Antananarivo and exposed in the church of Saint François Xavier, in Antanimena. The funeral was held Friday January 15, in the metropolitan cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Andohalo, Antananarivo; the date had been declared a day of national mourning by the government; after the funeral, the body of the cardinal was buried in that cathedral (1).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) He had expressed his wish to be buried in Besalampy, Région Melaky, one of the poorest areas of Madagascar, on the west coast, where he had established himself after retiring as archbishop of Antananarivo, and where he had founded a vacation camp for poor children.

Birth. May 20 (or June 15), 1919, Quang Nap, Yên Mô, diocese of Phát Diêm, Việt Nam. Of a Christian family for several generations. Son of Peter Pham Van Hien (+ 1966), who was fluent in the national language and Confucian script, so he held the position of deputy assistant in the village; and Anna Nguyen Thi Bong. The father later immigrated to the South and Paul Joseph had no contact with him ever again. His first name is also listed as Phaôlô-Giuse, its Vietnamese form.

Education. Initial studies when he was 6 at the local school; later, he studied at École Puginier La Salle (Hà Nội); at the Hoàng Nguyên Minor Seminary, 1931-1940; at St. Sulpice Major Seminary, Hà Nội, 1940-1949; the seminary was closed due to revolutionary and social unrest from 1945 to 1948; philosophy and theology; and pastoral ministry in a parish of the diocese for a period.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 6, 1949, Hà Nội, by Tadêô Lê Huu Tu, O. Cist., titular bishop of Daphnusia, apostolic vicar of Phát Diêm. Chaplain of the orphanage of Sainte-Thérèse in 1949. The following year, he became vicar of the parish of Hàm Long in Hà Nội and founded the home of Bach Mai for refugees from the war. In 1954 occurred the division of the country in two parts, North and South, separated by the 17th parallel. A Communist government was installed in Hà Nội and the dioceses of the North saw a large exodus of priests and faithful. Father Phạm Ðình Tụng stayed in Hà Nội. Superior of St. John Minor Seminary, Hà Nội, 1955-1963; the seminary was closed by the state authorities in 1960 and never opened again.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bac Ninh, April 5, 1963. Consecrated, August 15, 1963, metropolitan cathedral of Hà Nội, by Joseph-Marie Trinh Nhu Khuê, archbishop of Hà Nội, assisted by Father J. Bich and Father Cung. His episcopal motto was Credidimus caritate. Placed under house arrest, 1963-1990 (1). Apostolic administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis of Hà Nội, July 5, 1990. Director of the Major Seminary of Hà Nội, 1990-2003. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Hà Nội, March 23, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Regina Pacis in Ostia Mare, November 26, 1994. President of the Episcopal Conference of Việt Nam, 1995-2001. Apostolic administrator, sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis, of Lang Son et Cao Bang, March 1, 1998 until June 3, 1999. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of Second Centennial of Apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary in La Vang, August 13 to 15, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years of age, June 15, 1999. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Hà Nội according to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law, February 19, 2005. He worked to improve relations between the Holy See and Việt Nam's communist government, which had cut off ties with the Vatican after taking power in 1954.

Death. Sunday February 22, 2009, Hà Nội. The bells of all the churches of the city rang at 5 p.m. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI sent Joseph Ngô Quang Kiêt, archbishop of Hà Nội, a telegram of condolence. The funeral, which took place on February 26, 2009, at St. Joseph's metropolitan cathedral of Hà Nội, was presided over by Cardinal Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn, archbishop of Thàn-Phô Hô Chi Minh (Hôchiminh Ville), and lasted from from 9 to 11:15 a.m.; twenty one bishops, 550 priests and over 20,000 faithful participated. The body of the late cardinal was buried in the floor of a lateral nave of that metropolitan cathedral.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photographs, arms and biography, in Vietnamese, Wikipedia; photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) For virtually all the 30 years of his episcopate in the Diocese of Bac Ninh (except the last four), he was forced to stay at home without ever being able to make pastoral visits to the more than 100 parishes in his ecclesiastical territory. With only three priests in all, and restricted in his movements and means of communication, during his years of 'house arrest', the Bishop started to write the whole of Jesus' life as it is told in the Gospels, the Christian doctrine, the commandments of God and of the Church, and the sacraments in the 'luc-bat' poetic form (stanzas of six or eight words). The cadence of the composition helps people learn them quickly. He formed councils of lay people in the parishes, their number varying according to the importance of the parishes, to be responsible for the continuation of religious life in the local communities and provide a three-year marriage course for the young people. Another initiative promoted by the former Bishop Phạm Ðình Tụng was the foundation of a secular institute for boys and girls for the purpose of training them as catechists. The initiative has had excellent results and these young catechists, traveling all over the country guaranteeing catechetical courses everywhere, especially to children, have been very fruitful.

(131) 24. SANDOVAL ÍñIGUEZ, Juan
(1933-

Birth. March 28, 1933, Yahualica, diocese of San Juan de los Lagos, México. His parents were Esteban Sandoval and María Guadalupe Íñiguez; they had twelve children; one of his brothers was a Guadalupan missionary in Korea.

Education. Initial studies at Colegio Amado Nervo, Yahualica; Seminary of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, November 11, 1945-1952 (secondary studies, humanities and first year of philosophy); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 1952-1961 (licentiate in philosophy and doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, October 27, 1957, Rome, by Antonio Samorè, titular archbishop of Tirnovo, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1961. Pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Guadalajara, 1961. In the Seminary of Guadalajara, 1961-1971, spiritual director; prefect of discipline; prefect of philosophy faculty; faculty member and prefect of students in Tapalpa. Vice-rector, with functions of rector, 1971-1980; named rector, August 22, 1980, occupied the post until 1988. Also, member and president of the presbyteral council; member of the archdiocesan board of government; member of the archdiocesan clergy commission.

Episcopate. Elected coadjutor bishop of Ciudad Juárez, March 3, 1988. Consecrated, April 30, 1988, by Manuel Talamás Camandari, bishop of Ciudad Juárez, assisted by Girolamo Prigione, titular archbishop of Lauriaco, apostolic delegate to México, and by Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo, archbishop of Guadalajara. His episcopal motto is Servus. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Succeeded to the see of Ciudad Juárez, July 11, 1992. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Guadalajara, April 21, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe e S. Filippo Martire in Via Aurelia, November 26, 1994. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, November 6, 1995. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; its relator general. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. President-delegate of the Ninth General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Participated in the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place from May 13 to 31, 2007, in Aparecida, Brazil. His resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Guadalajara was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI on December 7, 2011, in accordance with canon 401§1 of the Code of Canon Law. Apostolic administrator of the see until the installation of his successor, Cardinal José Francisco Robles Ortega, who took possession on February 7, 2012. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on March 28, 2013. On March 29, 2014, he was confirmed as member of the Pontifical Council for Culture until the expiration of his mandate.

Bibliography. Sandoval Íñiguez, Juan. Servus. Breve biografía ilustrada. Edited by Juan Manuel Reyes Brambila. México : Talleres de Divulgación Edt., 2012.

Webgraphy. Photograph, arms and biography, in Spanish, archdiocese of Guadalajara; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Cardinal Presides Over “Great Exorcism” to Protect Mexico from Return of the Devil by David Ramos, Aleteia, published on 06/14/15; Cardenal Sandoval: Familia e Iglesia son bastiones de la cultura cristiana, ACI Prensa, 10 May. 16 / 10:54 am; Cardenal denuncia “blasfemia” contra la Virgen de Guadalupe en México, ACI Prensa, Guadalajara, 14 Oct. 17 / 11:01 am; Cardenal pide consagrar México a María como hizo San Juan Pablo II con Rusia by María Ximena Rondón, ACI Prensa, 9 de abril de 2018 6:46 pm; Cardenal mexicano sobre sacerdotes asesinados: Ya no respetan a ministros de Dios, ACI Prensa, 1 de mayo de 2018 1:02 pm; Cardenal Sandoval denuncia corrupción en elecciones de México y alienta voto libre, ACI Prensa, 7 de junio de 2018 8:41 pm; Día del Padre: Cardenal mexicano alienta a seguir ejemplo de paternidad de Dios, ACI Prensa, 16 de junio de 2018 6:34 pm; Cardenal Sandoval a gobierno de López Obrador: No promueva ideología de género y aborto, ACI Prensa, 14 de noviembre de 2018 2:51 pm; Due cardinali e altri quattro vescovi chiedono il nuovo dogma mariano by Robert Fastiggi, Vatican Insider, 11 Ottobre 2019 20:10; Cardenal de la Iglesia Católica advierte que México “va camino al comunismo”, ADNCUBA, 02 Aug 2020 - 7:08 pm; “La vacuna es la marca de la bestia”: Facebook censuró al Cardenal Juan Sandoval por difundir información falsa sobre COVID-19, Infobae, 14 de Enero de 2021; Facebook baja video de cardenal Sandoval por 'información falsa' sobre el COVID 19 by Roberto estrada, El Financiero, enero 14 2021 | 12:52 hrs; Facebook removes video commentary by Mexican cardinal by David Agren, Crux, Monterrey, Mexico, Jan 15, 2021; Hospitalizan al arzobispo de Guadalajara, Sandoval Íñiguez, por insuficiencia cardiaca, Animal Político, 3 de febrero, 2021; Hospitalizan a cardenal mexicano Juan Sandoval por insuficiencia cardiaca, ACI Prensa, 3 de febrero de 2021 - 6:54 PM; Cardenal Juan Sandoval fue hospitalizado por insuficiencia cardiaca by Pilar Cayetano, Político MX, Jue 04 Febrero 2021 11:33; Encabeza ex cardenal Sandoval llamado de curas contra actual gobierno, La Jornada, Ciudad de México, 2021-06-02 23:27; Autoridades electorales mexicanas sancionan a un cardenal por pedir votar "contra quienes están en el Gobierno", europapress, Madrid, 6 Jun 2021; Cardenal Sandoval Iñiguez violó la separación Iglesia-Estado: TEPJF, La Jornada, Ciudad de México, viernes 19 de noviembre de 2021; Mexican cardinals and bishops convicted for denouncing pro-abortion, socialist government, The Catholic World Report, December 7, 2021; These Mexican Cardinals Are in Trouble for Telling Catholics to Pray — Let’s Support Them by Jennifer Roback Morse and Father Mark Hodges, National Catholic Register, December 22, 2021; Confirman sentencia contra cardenal y sacerdote por alentar voto católico en México by David Ramos, ACI Prensa, 20 de enero de 2022 - 2:01 PM; Enérgica crítica de Obispos de México a "violatoria" sentencia contra cardenales by David Ramos, ACI Prensa, 21 de enero de 2022 1:35 pm, with video; Mexican cardinals found guilty of trying to influence federal elections by Inés San Martín, Crux, Rosario, Argentina, Jan 25, 2022, with audio; Il cardinale messicano Juan Sandoval Íñiguez compie prossimamente 90 anni, Il Sismografo, martedì 14 marzo 2023.

(132) 25. ECHEVERRÍA RUIZ, O.F.M., Bernardino
(1912-2000)

Birth. November 12, 1912, Cotacachí, diocese of Ibarra, Ecuador. Son of Carlos Echeverría Solórzano and Carmen Ruiz Solórzano. His baptismal name was Carlos Guillermo.

Education. Initial studies in Cotacachí; in 1924, following his vocation, he went to Quito to study at Colegio Franciscano, where under the guidance of Fray Francisco Alberdi, he joined Order of Friars Minor, September 1928. Franciscan houses of study in Ecuador; and at the Pontifical Antonian Athenaeum, Rome, where on May 20, 1939, he obtained a doctorate in philosophy, with the “El Problema del Alma Humana en la Edad Media.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 4, 1937, by Carlos María de la Torre, archbishop of Quito; at that time he adopted the name Bernardino because of the admiration he felt for the Franciscan saint Bernardino Realino. Further studies, Rome, 1937-1941. Because of the Second World War, he had to return to Quiro. Successively, 1941-1949, in Ecuador, faculty member in Franciscan houses of study; prefect of studies; provincial commissary of the Franciscan tertians; rector of the Brotherhood of Quito; provincial secretary; and provincial minister; founder of Communion of the Sick; of Jodoco Ricke publishing house; of journal Paz y Bien; of San Andrés school; secretary of the Ecuadoran Institute of Amazonian Studies; member of the International Academy of Franciscan History.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Ambato, October 23, 1949. Consecrated, December 4, 1949, church of San Francisco, Quito, by Efrem Forni, titular archbishop of Darni, nuncio to Ecuador, assisted by Alberto Ordóñez, bishop of Riobamba, and by Nicanor Gavinales Chamorro, bishop of Porto Viejo. His episcopal motto was Pax et Bonum. The Ecuadoran government named him president of the Junta de Reconstrucción of the province of Tungurahua, which was devastated by an earthquake. Founded in Münich, Federal Republic of Germany, Bruderhilfe für Ekuador, work that has generously assisted the dioceses of Ecuador since 1962. Attended the Second General Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council, Medellín, Colombia, August 24 to September 6, 1968. Secretary general of the Episcopal Conference of Ecuador. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Guayaquil, April 10, 1969. Attended the Second Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; the Third Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the Third General Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979; he was its moderator. Apostolic administrator of the apostolic prefecture of Los Galápagos, December 8, 1982 to May 14, 1984. President of the Ecuadorian Episcopal Conference. Attended the Second Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Guayaquil, December 7, 1989. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Apostolic administrator, sede vacante, of Ibarra, 1990 to July 25, 1995.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received red biretta and title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, November 26, 1994. He was 82 years old when created a cardinal, and, therefore, did not have the right to participate in the conclave. He was a renowned literary figure, known for his poems, essays and historical texts, among them, the famous Himno a Quito.

Death. Thursday April 6, 2000, at 6:50 p.m., in his residence in Valle de los Chillos, following liver complications that kept him prostrated since the beginning of the year, Quito. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent José Mario Ruiz Navas, archbishop of Portoviejo and president of the Episcopal Conference of Ecuador, a telegram of condolence. On the morning of April 7, his body was laid out in state in the metropolitan cathedral of Quito where the funeral Mass was celebrated at 11:00 a.m. Buried the following morning in the crypt of the church of San Francisco of his Order in Quito (1).

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B., André and Charles N. Bransom. "Franciscan bishops." Franciscan Studies, XLVIII (1988), 298.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Spanish, Conferencia Episcopal de Ecuador; his arms and biography, in Spanish, Wikipedia; photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) Some sources say that he was buried in the parish church of Cotacachí, his native city, according to his expressed wishes.

Birth. October 21, 1914, Valga, then archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev (Russian Empire), now apostolic administration of Estonia (Republic of Estonia). Son of Polish immigrants Jan Świątek and Weronika Kromplewska. He was baptized in the parish of Sāpju Dievmātes, Riga. In 1917, when he was three years old, he was deported with his mother, his older brother Edward and his younger sister Izabela to Siberia; they remained there until 1922. His father died in 1920 in the Polish-Russian war, defending the city of Vilnius against the Bolsheviks. From 1922, he lived with his mother and siblings for a short time in Duksztach; then, in Baranowicze, Poland.

Education. Primary and secondary education in Baranowicze; finished at the gymnasium Tadeusz Reytan in 1932. Entered the Major Seminary of St. Thomas Aquinas, Pinsk, Poland, on September 8, 1933, influenced by Zygmunt Łoziński, bishop of Pinsk from 1925 to 1932.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 8, 1939, cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Pinsk, by Kazimierz Bukraba, bishop of Pinsk, a few months before invading Soviet forces occupied eastern Poland, where his parish was located. Incardinated in diocese of Pinsk. From April 21, 1939 to April 21, 1941 he was curate and later, after he was called as chaplain of the Polish Army in May 1939, administrator of the parish in Pruž any, diocese of Pinsk. On April 21, 1941, he was arrested and kept in the Brest prison, where in the course of two months he was interrogated fifty-nine times and sentenced to death. He stayed for two months isolated on death row, awaiting his execution. On June 21, 1941, he was released by the people of the town, taking advantage of the disorder caused by the German offensive. Father Świątek walked back to his parish, but found it occupied by the Gestapo, which made it difficult for him to exercise his priestly ministry. When the offensive of the Soviet Red Army was approaching in 1944, he stayed with his parishioners. He was again arrested on December 17, 1944 and sent to prison in Minsk, where he spent five months. On July 21, 1945, he was sentenced to ten years of forced labor and five years of deprivation of civil rights. In September 1945, he was interned in the Marwinsk labor camp in eastern Siberia, where he stayed for two years; seeing that he was able to hold the work and the cold, they transferred him on December 3, 1947 to the field of Workuta, in the Arctic, where he worked in construction sites, with a terrible cold and very little food. He was freed, June 16, 1954. Pastor of the cathedral of Pinsk, December 1, 1954 until April 11, 1989. Chaplain of His Holiness, February 2, 1988. Vicar general of the diocese of Pinsk, April 11, 1989. On October 29, 1990, he was received by Pope John Paul II in the Vatican, who called him "a man of legend".

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Minsk-Mahilëŭ and named apostolic administrator ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of Pinsk, April 13, 1991. Consecrated, May 21, 1991, cathedral of Pinsk, by Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz, titular archbishop of Ippona Zarito, apostolic administrator of European Russia, assisted by Władysław Jedruszuk, titular bishop of Clisma, apostolic administrator of the Polish territory of the diocese of Pinsk, and by Edward Kisiel, titular bishop of Limata, apostolic administrator of the Polish territory of the archdiocese of Vilnius. His episcopal motto was Mater Misericordiae. Received the pallium from Pope John Paul II on June 29, 1991, at the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Gerardo Maiella, November 26, 1994. He was older than 80 years when created a cardinal and, therefore, never had the right to participate in the conclave. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. In 2000 he was decorated with the order Ecce Homo (Odznaczeni Orderem Ecce Homo), a Polish church decoration, intended for those who prove the truth of their actions words: "This man is proud." On September 27, 2004, Pope John Paul II awarded him the Fidei Testis (Witness of Faith) prize, conferred by the "Pope Paul VI Institute" in recognition of heroism in living the faith. On June 14, 2006, the pope accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev that he had presented in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. He continued to hold the office of apostolic administrator ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of Pinsk until June 30, 2011. The cardinal resigned the presidency of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Belarus on June 14, 2006, since he was no longer a diocesan bishop; he had been elected for the first time on February 11, 1999, and served for three year terms until his resignation. On November 23, 2006, M. Jacques Chirac, president of France, decorated him with the order of a commander of the Legion of Honor (L'Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), as the man, who for the citizens of France, embodies the history of the Belarusian people from the last seventy years. On May 19, 2010, he broke a leg and after a refracture on March 8, 2011, his condition was very serious. On April 7, 2011, an operation was necessary, and since then, the cardinal was unconscious and in a coma. He was the first cardinal of Belarus and the oldest cardinal of the Church who headed a diocese.

Death. July 21, 2011, at 9.00 a.m., in the Central Hospital in Pinsk. At the moment of his death, his nephew, who was a physician in the Central Hospital in Pinsk and was on duty that morning; and Valeriy Kravets, his driver and assistant for 35 years, were with him. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI sent Aleksander Kaszkiewicz, bishop of Grodno and president of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Belarus, a telegram of condolence. A first requiem mass took place on Saturday, July 23, 2011, at 1:00 p.m., in the cathedral of Minsk. After the ceremony the body of the late cardinal lay in state until his last funeral mass in this cathedral took place. Then the remains were transferred to Pinsk. The requiem Mass in Pinsk took place on Monday July 25, 2011, at noon, in front of the cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, presided by Cardinal Stanisław Dziwisz, archbishop of Kraków, Poland, as representative of the pope. Concelebrants were Cardinal Jānis Pujats, archbishop emeritus of Riga, Latvia, and Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz, archbishop of Minsk-Mahilëŭ and apostolic administrator ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of Pinsk. Also present were all the bishops of Belarus and bishops from Poland and the Ukraine. Before the burial rite, Archbishop Kondrusiewicz delivered very emotional words to the late cardinal and paid high respects to a real servant of God". Then, the coffin was brought by six priests in a procession into the cathedral, accompanied by the bishops and the clergy. The body of the cardinal was buried in a marble sarcophagus in the crypt of that cathedral.

Bibliography. Bransom, Charles N. Revue des ordinations épiscopales. Mango, Fla. : Charles N. Bransom, 1994, no. 1-2, p. 9; Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał. Polscy kardynałowie. Kraków : Wydawnictwo WAM, 2001, pp. 423-426.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph, arms and biography, in English, Catholic.by, Roman Catholic Church in Belarus; photograph and biography, in English, Wikipedia; Belarus: Cardinal who survived the gulag has died, in English, Independent Catholic News; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; photo gallery of the funeral and burial in the cathedral of Pinsk, Catholic.by; Il Cardinale Świątek, il porporato che sopravvisse ai gulag sovietici by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Minsk, 21 luglio, 2021 / 10:00 AM.

Birth. July 20, 1914, Centovera di San Giorgio Piacentino, diocese of Piacenza, Italy. From a family of humble farmers. He was the third of the five children of Cesare Tonini and Celestina Guarnieria.

Education. Entered the Minor Seminary of Piacenza in 1925; then, studied at the Seminary of Piacenza; and later, at the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he obtained degrees in civil and canon law.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 18, 1937, Piacenza, by Ersilio Menzani, bishop of Piacenza. Vice-rector of the Seminary of Piacenza, 1937-1939. Further studies, Rome, 1939-1943. From 1943 to 1969, in the diocese of Piacenza, professor of Italian, Latin and Greek at the seminary and simultaneously ecclesiastical assistant of FUCI (Federation of Catholic Italian University Students) and of the Laureati Catolici; director of the weekly Il nuovo giornale. Named pastor of the parish of Salsomaggiore on December 14, 1953; occupied the post for many years; he built the Oratorio Don Bosco; and at the same time was spiritual assistant to the students of Collegio di Castelnuovo Fogliano of the Catholic University. Named privy chamberlain supernumerary of His Holiness on November 6, 1959; confirmed on May 11, 1963. Named rector of the Seminary of Piacenza in September 1968.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Macerata e Tolentino and appointed apostolic administrator sede vacante of Cingoli, Recanati and Treia, April 28, 1969. Consecrated, June 2, 1969, by Umberto Malchiodi, archbishop-bishop of Piacenza, assisted by Agostino Casaroli, titular archbishop of Cartago, secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Carlo Colombo, titular bishop of Victoriana, auxiliary of Milan. His episcopal motto was In fide vivo Fili Dei. Promoted to metropolitan see of Ravenna and also named bishop of Cervia, November 22, 1975 (1). Both circumscriptions were united on September 20, 1986. Attended the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Apostolic administrator of Rimini, 1988-1989. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, October 27, 1990. Preached Vatican Lent spiritual exercises, February 1991 with the theme "La Chiesa della speranza per questo nostro tempo". In 1991, he was among the protagonists of the television program "I dieci comandamenti all'italiana", by Enzo Biagi. Attended the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of SS. Redentore a Val Melaina, November 26, 1994. He was older than 80 years when created a cardinal and, therefore, never had the right to participate in the conclave.

Death. July 28, 2013, in his sleep, at 2 a.m., at Opera Santa Teresa del Bambino Gesù in Ravenna. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop Lorenzo Ghizzoni of Ravenna-Cervia. Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State, sent an analogous telegram. The body was exposed in the major church of Santa Teresa, of the Opera. The funeral took place on Tuesday July 30 in the metropolitan cathedral of S. Apollinare of Ravenna. Cardinal Dionigi Tettamanzi, archbishop emeritus of Milan, represented the Holy See. He also concelebrated the mass, presided over by Archbishop Ghizzoni, who also delivered the homily, with the participation of several bishops and dozens of priests. One thousand faithful filled the cathedral. Then the body was brought to the Monumental Cemetery of Ravenna and placed in one of the tombs reserved for the archbishops. In his will, the late cardinal left all his possessions to the Opera of Santa Teresa. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living member of the College of Cardinals. On July 23, 2014, the remains of the cardinal were taken to the restored cathedral, just below the Chapel of Sant'Andrea, and permanently buried, along with other archbishops (2).

Bibliography. Ersilio Tonini, arcivescovo emerito di Ravenna, cardinale: comunicare col cuore : ritratto, intervista, testimonianze. [A cura di] Giuseppe Zois. Clusone (BG): Ferrari, 1994; Severini, Paola. Ersilio Tonini : comunicatore di Dio. Cinisello Balsamo (Milano) : San Paolo, 1999.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Ersilio Tonini compie 95 anni «A Dio dirò: grazie» by Marina Corradi, in Italian, Avvenire, 20 luglio 2009; L'Intervista Cardinale Ersilio Tonini, You Tube, uploaded by ravennawebtv on July 20, 2010; Cardinale Ersilio Tonini - Sul senso della vita, You Tube, uploaded by riflession on Feb 23, 2011; Lo stupore per la vita. Il Cardinale Ersilio Tonini, grazie agli insegnamenti della madre, è capace ancora oggi di stupirsi per il dono della vita, You Tube, uploaded by LaStoriaSeiTu on Jan 18, 2012; La grande storia e lo stupore dell'alba narrati da Ersilio Tonini by Marina Corradi, in Italian, Avvenire, 13 luglio 2012; Il cardinale Tonini: la fede, buttarsi nelle braccia di Dio , in Italian, Avvenire, 25 maggio 2013; È morto il cardinale Ersilio Tonini by Giacomo Galeazzi, in Italian, Vatican Insider, 28/07/2013; Erede e testimone della grande tradizione popolare cristiana by Marina Corradi, in Italian, Avvenire, 28 luglio 2013; Cardinal Ersilio Tonini passes away at 99, Rome Reports, 2013-07-29 12:56:57; Tonini e la capacità di incontrare l'altro by Quinto Cappelli, Avvenire, 28 agosto 2013; Le spoglie del card. Tonini nel Duomo di Ravenna, Avvenire, 16 luglio 2014.

(1) He earned fame as archbishop of Ravenna, when he left his comfortable quarters in the archbishop's palace to minister to the poor derelicts and addicts in the streets and help out caring for the sick at the Saint Teresa Institute, where he resided until his death. For this, he became known as "The Mother Teresa of Ravenna".

Birth. September 29, 1902, Shkodrë, Albania. Son of Mark Koliqi and Age Simoni. In 1911, due to the country's situation, he was sent to study in Italy.

Education. Initial studies at Kolegjin Saverian, 1911; then, attended the Jesuit Collegio Arici, Brescia, Italy (elementary education); he then went to Collegio Vilorez, Monza, 1919-1924; and later, to Bergamo, Florence and Bari, where he passed the final exams in the Technical Institute; started studying in the Polytechnical Institute, Milan, and while he was there, he felt the vocation to the priesthood and started to study theology at the Seminary of Milan, Venegono; and later in Milan, where he finished. He then returned to Albania.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 30, 1931, church of the Jesuit fathers, Shkodrë, by Lazër Mjeda, archbishop of Shkodrë. Vice-pastor of the cathedral of Shkodrë, 1931-1936; founder of the cathedral's schola cantorum in 1932; pastor, 1936- 1945; vicar general, 1936-1991; in charge of the diocesan press; editor of Veprimin Katolik Shqiptar; and director of the cultural review Kumona e së djelës, 1938-1944. Arrested by the Communist authorities, February 3, 1945 and sentenced to 2 years in prison. Freed and again arrested and sentenced to 5 years in 1946. Freed in 1951 and later arrested and sentenced to forced labor in camps in Lsunie, Gradishta, Gjas, Valona and others. In total, 21 years of forced labor and 21 of imprisonment for having listened to foreign radio stations and organized Catholic youth. Freed in 1986 because of advanced age. Given the title "Pishtar i demokracise" (Torchbearer of democracy) by the People's Assembly. Honorary prelate of His Holiness, January 31, 1992. His melodramas Rozafa (Rozafa), Rrethimi i Shkodër (The siege of Shkodër) and Ruba e kuqe (The red scarf), which were written and performed between 1936 and 1938, are considered to be the precursors of the Albanian operatic movement. On his 90th birthday, he received a special greeting from Pope John Paul II which was delivered by the apostolic nuncio, Ivan Dias, titular archbishop of Rusubisir, at a special mass in his house chapel; and the Torch of Democracy award from Albanian President Sali Berisha.

Episcopate. Declined to receive the episcopal consecration because of age.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received red biretta and deaconry of Ognissanti in Via Apia Nuova, November 26, 1994. Promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years old, and thus, he did not have the right to participate in the conclave. He was the first cardinal from Albania. He lived out his last years with his niece and her family in a small apartment near the cathedral of Shkodrë.

Death. January 28, 1997, Shkodrë. Buried in the crypt of the metropolitan cathedral of Shkodrë (1).

Webgraphy. Photographs and biography, in Albanian, shkoder.net; photographs and his image in an Albanian postal stamps, Araldica Vaticana; Don Simoni e il precedente di Koliqi by Salvatore Cernuzio, Vatican Insider, Città del Vaticano, pubblicato il 10/10/2016 Ultima modifica il 10/10/2016 alle ore 16:22.

(1) This is the simple inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr Lambert Klinke, from Gießen, Germany:

Birth. April 8, 1904, Sedan, Ardennes, archdiocese of Rheims, France. Son of Georges Henri Congar, a banker, and Jeanne Lucie Desoye. His only sister, Marie-Louise, was the abbess of the Benedictine monastery of Pradines, Loire. She died shortly after him on December 17, 1995. His baptismal name was Georges Yves Marie. His first name is also listed as Ivo.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Rheims; and at the Catholic Institute, Paris. Joined the Order of Preachers (Dominicans), in Amiens, on December 7, 1925; he received the religious habit St. Peter and Paul's Convent of Amiens on December 7, 1925; he took the name Marie-Joseph; he made the simple professed December 8, 1926 in the convent of Amiensa; he made his solemn profession in the Convent of the Holy Trinity of Kain-la-Tombe, called the "Saulchoir", near Tournai, Belgium, on December 8, 1929. He also studied at that convent.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 25, 1930, "Le Saulchoir", by Luigi Maglione, titular archbishop of Cesarea in Palaestina, apostolic nuncio to France. Faculty member, "Le Saulchoir" Dominican Seminary, from 1931 to 1939; and 1945 to 1954. Secretary of Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques, from 1935. Medical orderly in the French Army during the Second World War; taken prisoner by Germany, 1940-1945; escaped. Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur. Decorated with the Croix de Guerre. Forbidden by the Vatican to teach, lecture or publish and banished to obscure posts in Jerusalem, Rome, Cambridge and Strasbourg due to his support to the worker-priest movement, 1954-1956. Named consultant to the preparatory theological commission of the Second Vatican Council, July 5, 1960; expert at the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Forced to give up most physical activities due to a neurological ailment in 1968; resided in the Centre des Invalides, Paris, since 1986. Member of the International Theological Commission, 1969-1985.

Episcopate. Excused from receiving the episcopal consecration because of age and bad health.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received deaconry of S. Sebastiano al Palatino, November 26, 1994; because of poor health, he was not able to attend the consistory and the pope sent him the red biretta with Cardinal Johannes Willebrands. He was 90 years of age when created a cardinal and, therefore, did not have the right to participate in the conclave.

Death. Thursday June 22, 1995, at 9:10 a.m., in his domicile, 6 boulevard des Invalides, Paris, France. Buried in the tomb of the Dominican Order, Cemetery of Montparnasse, Paris.

Bibliography. Berea, Corneliu. Il pensiero teologico di Yves Congar sulla definizione della missione nel periodo preconciliare. Roma : Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 2009. (Documenta missionalia, 34). Note: Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral); Bosch, Juan. A la escucha del Cardenal Congar. Madrid : Edibesa, 1994. Bibliografía del Cardenal Congar: pp. 193-291; Congar, Yves ; Audoin-Rouzeau, Stéphane ; Congar, Dominique. Journal de la guerre, 1914-1918. Paris : Cerf, 1997; Congar, Yves ; Etienne Fouilloux ; Dominique Congar ; André Duval; Bernard Montagnes. Journal d'un théologien : 1946-1956. Paris : Cerf, 2001; Cortesi, Alessandro. Yves Congar, Testimonianza e profezia. Firenze: Nerbini, 2005. (Le frontiere dell'anima ; 4); Famerée, Joseph ; Routhier, Gilles. Yves Congar. Paris : Cerf, 2008. (Initiations aux théologies); Flynn, Gabriel. Yves Congar's vision of the church in a world of unbelief. Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, 2003; Fouilloux, É. "Frère Yves, Cardinal Congar, Dominicain. Itinéraire d'un théologien." Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Théologique, LXXIX (1995); Jossua, Jean Pierre. Le Père Congar, la théologie au service du peuple de Dieu. Paris : Éditions du Cerf, 1967. (Chrétiens de tous les temps, 20); Jossua, Jean Pierre. "Yves Congar. La vie et oeuvre d'un théologien." Cristianesimo nella storia, XVII (1996), 1-12; Koskela, Douglas Michael. Yves Congar' vision of ecclesiality . Dissertation: Thesis (Ph.D. in Religious Studies)--Southern Methodist University, 2003. In: Dissertation Abstracts International 64-09A; Nichols, Aidan. Yves Congar. London : Geoffrey Chapman ; Wilton, CT : Morehouse-Barlow, 1989. (Outstanding Christian thinkers); Puyo, Jean ; Congar, Yves. Jean Puyo interroge le père Congar : une vie pour la vérité. Paris : Le Centurion, 1975. (Les Interviews); Vauchez, André. Cardinal Yves Congar : 1904-1995 : actes du colloque réuni à Rome les 3-4 juin 1996. Paris : Cerf, 1999. (Histoire ; Variation: Histoire (Editions du Cerf)); Yves Congar : 1904-1995. Redaktorzy Stanislaw C. Napiórkowski, Andrzej Czaja, Kazimierz Pek. Lublin : Red. Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1998. Summary in French. Papers presented at a conference; Yves Congar : theologian of the church. Edited by Gabriel Flynn. Louvain ; Dudley, MA : Peeters ; [Grand Rapids, Mich.] : W.B. Eerdmans, 2005. (Louvain theological & pastoral monographs ; 32).

Webgraphy. Photographs and biography, in French, Dictionnaire biographique des frères prêcheurs; biography, in French, Wikipedia; biography, in English Encyclopaedia Britannica; biography, in English, Wikipedia; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Vent'anni fa l'addio a Congar, il paladino del Concilio by Filippo Rizzi, Avvenire, 20 giugno 2015; Dai pregiudizi all’odio un passo breve. A Parigi il Musée de l’Homme riapre con una mostra sul razzismo by Charles de Pechpeyrou, from Paris, L'Osservatore Romano, 21 luglio 2017.

Birth. January 1, 1910, Pechbrunn, diocese of Regensburg, Germany. Son of Joseph Grillmeier and Maria Weidner. He had four brothers and three sisters. His brother Johannes followed him into the Society of Jesus three years after he entered the Society.

Education. Studied at the Classical Lyceum of Regensburg; and at the Minor Seminary of Regensburg. Joined the Society of Jesus on April 11, 1929; entered the Novitiate of Tisis, Austria, where he took the first vows on April 16, 1931; studied at the Philosophical Faculty, Pullach, Münich, where he obtained a licentiate in philosophy; at the Theological Faculty, Valkenburg, Holland and Frankfürt, Germany, where he obtained a licentiate in theology; the Jesuits were expelled by the Nazis on October 12, 1939 and he had to go to Austria; studied at the Theological Faculty, Innsbruck, Austria; at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; at the Jesuit House of scriptors, Münich; at the Theological Faculty, Freiburg im Breisgau, where he earned a doctorate in dogmatic theology. Did his Third probation in Rottmannshöhe, Münich, and Feldkirch, Austria; took the final vows in Pullach on August 15, 1946.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 24, 1937, Münich. Further studies, 1937-1942. Military service in the German Army, February 11, 1942 to April 20, 1944, when the Jesuits were expelled because of not being "worthy of defending the motherland". Successively, 1944-1950, faculty member in Pullach and Buren (Westphalia). Faculty member, "St. Georgen" Jesuit theological, Frankfurt, 1950-1978. Counselor to Wilhelm Kempf, bishop of Limburg in the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965; member of the conciliar theological commission alongside Karol Wojtyla, archbishop of Kraków, Poland, 1963-1965; traveled four times to Zambia and Malawi to introduce the conciliar documents to bishops and missionaries. Chief-editor of the journal Scholastik, later Theologie und Philosophie, published by the Theological Faculty of Frankfurt, 1964-1970. Member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 1993. Received honorary degrees from the universities of Mainz, Innsbruck and Bamberg.

Episcopate. He requested to be dispensed from the requirement of episcopal ordination and the dispensation was granted by Pope John Paul II.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere, November 26, 1994. He was 84 years when created a cardinal and, therefore, never had the right to participate in a conclave. His cardinalitial motto was Kipioσ eσtin iheσoyσ xpiσtoσ. He spent his last months in a home for aged Jesuits of the South German Province in Munich-Unterhaching, where he eventually died. In his later years, due to a paralysis, he was confined to a wheelchair.

Death. September 13, 1998, Unterhaching, Bavaria, Germany. Buried at Jesuitenfriedhof des Berchmanskollegs in Pullach im Isartal, near Münich.

Webgraphy. Bibliography and biography by Theresia Hainthaler, in German, Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon; photograph, bibliography and biography, in German, Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; his arms, Wikimedia.

©1998-2023 Salvador Miranda.