The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
John Paul II (1978-2005)
Consistory of February 21, 2001 (VIII)


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(160) 1. RE, Giovanni Battista
(1934-

Birth. January 30, 1934, Borno, diocese of Brescia, Italy. Son of Matteo Re, a carpenter, and his wife. He has one brother, Giuseppe, and five sisters, Franca, Giovanna (Canossiana religious), Mariateresa, Camilla and Adalgisa. His father died at the age of 104 in December 2012. A cousin of his, Father Pietro Atanasio Re MCCI., (1944-1994), was a missionary in Togo where he died and was buried.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Brescia; sent to Rome, while studying there, he resided at Pontifical Collegio Lombardo; at the Pontifical Gregorian University, where he earned a doctorate in canon law; and at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy (Vatican school of diplomacy); besides his native Italian, he also speaks English and Spanish.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 3, 1957, at 7 a.m., church of S. Cristo, Brescia, by Giacinto Tredici, bishop of Brescia. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1960. In Brescia, 1960-1961, faculty member of its seminary and pastoral ministry. Further studies, Rome, 1962-1963. Joined the Vatican diplomatic service, July 1, 1963. Secretary of the nunciature in Panamá, 1963-1967. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, January 7, 1964 (title changed to chaplain of His Holiness when the Curia was reformed in 1967). Secretary of the nunciature in Iran, 1967-1971. Recalled to the Vatican and promoted to auditor of nunciature, 2nd class, worked at the Secretariat of State and secretary to Giovanni Benelli, titular archbishop of Tusuro, substitute of Secretariat of State (1971-1977). Auditor, 1st class, 1974. Counselor of nunciature, 1976. Assessor of the Secretariat of State, December 1, 1979.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Vescovio and appointed secretary of the Congregation for Bishops, October 9, 1987. Consecrated, November 7, 1987, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Bruno Foresti, archbishop-bishop of Brescia. His episcopal motto is Virtus ex alto. Named substitute of the Secretariat of State, section of General Affairs, December 12, 1989. Named prefect of the Congregation for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, September 16, 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. XII Apostoli, February 21, 2001. Attended Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-October 27, 2001; president delegate. Promoted to the order of bishops and assigned the title of the suburbicarian see of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto, October 1, 2002. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 750th anniversary of the consecration of the patriarchal basilica of St. Francis in Assisi, Italy, May 23, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed as prefect of the Congregation for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, April 21, 2005. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Special papal envoy to the conclusive celebration of the 9th centennial of the dedication of the cathedral of Parma, Italy, December 4, 2006. Named one of the three presidents of the 5th General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place in Aparecida, Brazil, from May 13 to 31, 2007. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World". Resigned the offices of prefect of the Congregation for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, June 30, 2010. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the fourth centennial of the archdiocese of Arequipa, Perú, which took place on July 14 to 18, 2010. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the fifteenth centennial of the Shrine of Santa Maria delle Grazie Madonna della Mentorella, diocese of Tivoli, Italy, which took place on August 29, 2010. On July 2, 2011, he was named special papal envoy to the 25th Italian National Eucharistic Congress that took place in Ancona from September 3 to 11, 2011. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. As the most senior cardinal bishop in the conclave, he asked the new pope if he accepted the election and by what name he wanted to be called. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on January 30, 2014. On April 16, 2016, the pope named him special papal envoy to the Eleventh National Eucharistic Congress of Argentina that, in the Bicentennial of the Independence, celebrated in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán on June 16-19, 2016. On June 10, 2017, the pope approved his election, done by the Cardinals and the Order of Bishops, as Vice Dean of the College of Cardinals. On August 17, 2017, he was named special papal envoy to the celebrations of the third centenary of the finding of the statue of Our Lady of Aparecida, patroness of Brazil, programmed for October 10 to 12, 2017 at the National Shrine of Aparecida. On January 24, 2020, the pope approved his election as Dean of the College of Cardinals and he assumed the Title of the Suburbicarian See of Ostia. He received the pallium from Pope Francis on June 29, 2020. He took possession of the Title of the Suburbicarian See of Ostia, in the Cathedral of Sant'Aurea in Ostia Antica, Piazza della Rocca, 13, on November 14, 2020. On June 26, 2021, the pope named him papal legate for the Fifth Centenary Coronation of the Black Madonna of Oropa, scheduled in the Marian Shrine of the diocese of Biella, Italy, on August 29, 2021, the last Sunday of August, the day on which from 1620, every 100 years the effigy of the Blessed Virgin Mary is crowned.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph, arms and biography, in English, Wikipedia; Research on his heraldry by Giacomo Danesi, in Italian; and his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Il cardinale Re inaugura tela e mostra nella Scuola elementare cardinale Brancati, in Italian, YouTube, published on Apr 16, 2012; Il cardinale Re visita la chiesa di San Nicola a Lauria, in Italian, YouTube, published on Apr 16, 2012; Brasil: Card. Giovanni Battista celebrará el XXX Centenario en Aparecida by Rosa Die Alcolea, Zenit, 17 agosto 2017; El cardenal Re: Pablo VI tenía preparadas dos cartas de renuncia, Zenit, Ciudad del Vaticano, 26 agosto 2017; Il cardinale Re inviato papale ad Aparecida, L'Osservatore Romano, 10 ottubre 2017; Cuore del Brasile. Il cardinale Re ad Aparecida, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 ottobre 2017; Vatican Continues Not to Cooperate With Media Over Viganò Allegations by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Sep. 10, 2018; Approvazione dell’elezione del Decano e del Vice-Decano del Collegio Cardinalizio, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 25.01.2020; Cardinale Giovnani Battista Re, 86 anni, nuovo decano del Collegio cardinalizio, Il Sismografo, Vatican News, sabato 25 gennaio 2020; Le cardinal Re devient le Doyen du Sacré-Collège, Vatican News, 25 janvier 2020, 12:25; Cardinal Re claims Cardinal Zen is at odds with John Paul II, Benedict XVI on China, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Feb 29, 2020 / 03:09 pm; El decano del Colegio cardenalicio acusa al cardenal Zen de “desafiar el liderazgo pastoral” del Papa by José Beltrán, Vida Nueva Digital, 01/03/2020; Vatican cardinal accused of manipulating pope over China, ucanews.com, Hong Kong, China, March 2, 2020; Testo della lettera di risposta del cardinale Joseph Zen a quella del cardinale Giovanni Battista Re, Decano del Collegio cardinalizio, Il Sismografo, lunedì 2 marzo 2020; Los cardenales Zen y Re debaten por carta sobre el acuerdo con China, Alfa y Omega, 02 de Marzo de 2020; Cardinal Zen invites Cardinal Re to show claimed China documents from Vatican archive Catholic News Agency, Hong Kong, China, Mar 2, 2020 / 11:54 am; Re Against Zen. Divided By a Wall of China by Bernardo Cervellera, Settimo Cielo, 03 mar 2020; Card.Re against Card. Zen: There is a "profound harmony" between Benedict XVI and Francis on China by Card. G.B. Re, AsiaNews.it, 03/03/2020, 11.56; Doubling down on a bad deal by George Weigel, The Boston Pilot, Wednesday, March 11, 2020; Pope Benedict Embroiled in the War Between Re and Zen. But China Is Winning by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 16 mar 2020; Cardinale Re: "Incoraggio nuovo partito cristiano per recupero senso Stato", adnkronos, 04/10/2020 11:34; Il decano del Collegio cardinalizio Re ha preso possesso del titolo della Chiesa suburbicaria di Ostia, L'Osservatore Romano, 16 novembre 2020; Diario di Bordo – Di nuovo a Ostia il Cardinale che “incorona” il Papa: a Sant’Aurea S.E.R. Giovanni Battista Re, Ostia Newsgo, Dicembre 12, 2020; Un faro di speranza in un anno difficile. Il saluto del cardinale decano, L'Osservatore Romano, 21 dicembre 2020; Tre Papi santi. In un libro del decano del Collegio cardinalizio by Giovanni Battista Re, L'Osservatore Romano, 09 gennaio 2021; Carlo Casini. Card. Re: “Un luminoso testimone del Vangelo della vita” by Giovanna Pasqualin Traversa, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 23 marzo 2021; Santa messa nella Cena del Signore. Altare della Cattedra, Basilica Vaticana, ore 18:00 Giovedì, 1˚ aprile 2021. Omelia in Coena Domini dell'Em.mo Card. Giovanni Battista Re, Decano del Collegio Cardenalizio, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 1 april 2021; Messa In Coena Domini: card. Re, “l’Eucaristia deve essere il centro e il cuore della vita di ogni cristiano”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 1 aprile 2021 @ 18:28; Messa In Coena Domini: card. Re, “L’Eucaristia è appello all’amore fraterno e invito a non abbandonare nessuno”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 1 aprile 2021 @ 18:31; Messa In Coena Domini: card. Re, “abbiamo sperimentato come un piccolo virus possa mettere in ginocchio il mondo intero”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 1 aprile 2021 @ 18:33; Cardinal Re at Mass of Lord's Supper: 'Eucharist is the life and center of the Church' by Fr. Benedict Mayaki, SJ, Vatican News, 01 April 2021, 18:36, with video; Messa In Coena Domini: card. Re, “Giovedì Santo è anche invito a prendere coscienza dei propri peccati”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 1 aprile 2021 @ 18:42; Celebrating Holy Thursday Mass, Cardinal Re calls for prayers to end pandemic by Inés San Martín, Crux, Rome, Apr 1, 2021; Nell’Eucaristia la forza per far fronte alle sfide della pandemia. Il cardinale Giovanni Battista Re presiede la messa «nella Cena del Signore» nella basilica vaticana, L'Osservatore Romano, 02 aprile 2021; Lettera del Santo Padre al Legato Pontificio per la V Centenaria Incoronazione della Madonna Nera di Oropa (Santuario della Diocesi di Biella, 29 agosto 2021), Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 21.08.2021; Papa Francesco invia il Cardinale Re all’incoronazione della Madonna di Oropa by Andrea Gagliarducci, ACI Stampa, Biella, 21 agosto, 2021 / 1:00 AM; Il cardinale Re: ripartire da Cristo e testimoniare gli ideali cristiani by Emanuela Campanile, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 29 agosto 2021, 12:45; I Decani del Sacro Collegio: il Cardinale Giovanni Battista Re by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 02 settembre, 2021 / 2:00 PM; Maria Romana De Gasperi. Il cardinale Re: una vita di fede, sofferenza e impegno by Giancarlo La Vella, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 01 aprile 2022, 10:20; Un grande protagonista nell’ambito del pensiero e della coscienza by Giovanni Battista Re, Decano del Collegio cardinalizio, L'Osservatore Romano, 03 gennaio 2023; Il cardinale, il gendarme, il procuratore: i nomi di Pietro nell’indagine sulla scomparsa di Emanuela Orlandi, Open, 12 Aprile 2023 - 04:24.


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(161) 2. NGUYÊN VAN THUÂN, François-Xavier
(1928-2002)

Birth. April 17, 1928, parish of Phu Cam, Huê, Việt Nam. Eldest of the eight children of Nguyễn Văn Ầm, and Elisabeth Ngô Ðình Thị Hiệp. Nephew of Ngo Dinh Diem, president of the former Republic of South Việt Nam (1); and of Pierre Martin Ngô Ðình Thuc, archbishop of Hue. Numerous members of his family suffered martyrdom because of their faith. His name is also listed as Nguyeãn vaên Thuaän, Phanxicoâ Xavieâ, in Vietnamese.

Education. When he was very young, he entered the Minor Seminary of An Ninh, Huê; later, he studied at the Major Seminary of Phu Xuan, Huê (philosophy and theology); after his ordination, he went to Rome in 1955 and studied spirituality; and obtained a doctorate in canon law in 1959.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 11, 1953, Huê, by Jean-Baptiste Urrutia, M.E.P., titular bishop of Isauropoli, vicar apostolic of Huê. Pastoral ministry, 1953-1955. Further studies, Rome, 1955-1959. In the archdiocese of Huê, successively, 1959-1967, charged with the formation of priests; faculty member and rector of its seminary.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Nha Trang, April 13, 1967. Consecrated, June 4, 1967, Hué, by Angelo Palmas, titular archbishop of Vibiana, apostolic delegate to Viêt Nam, assisted by Philippe Nguyen Kim Dien, of the Petit Frères de Jésus, titular archbishop of Pario, apostolic administrator, sede plena, of Hué, and by Jean-Baptiste Urrutia, M.E.P., titular archbishop of Carpato. His episcopal motto was Guadium et spes. Promoted to titular archbishop of Vadesi and appointed coadjutor of Thành-Phô Chi Minh, Hôchiminh Ville (Saigon), April 24, 1975. Jailed by the Communist government, 1975-1988, spent nine years in isolation; was never tried or sentenced; freed November 21, 1988 and obligated to reside in the archbishop's house in Hânoi, impeded to return to his see, Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville (ex-Saigon). Declared persona non grata by the government of Viêt Nam during a 1991 visit to Rome, where he remained. Member of the International Catholic Commission for Immigration, Geneva, Switzerland, 1992. Resigned the coadjutorship, November 24, 1994. Vice-president of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax, November 24, 1994; president, June 24, 1998. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 14, 1998; by papal appointment. Attended the Special Assembly for Oceania of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 22 to December 12, 1998. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Preached the Lent Spiritual Exercises for the pope and the Roman Curia, March 12 to 18, 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Maria della Scala, February 21, 2001. Viêt Nam's Foreign Ministry eased restrictions and the cardinal would face only routine immigration procedures when entering the country and would be afforded all the privileges normally given to overseas citizens, February 27, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. The pectoral cross that he wore until his death was one that he made with two small pieces of wood when he was in jail; he protected the cross hiding it in a piece of soap so that his jailers would not confiscate it; when he was freed, he covered the wooden cross with a coat of metal.

Death. September 16, 2002, of cancer, in a Roman clinic. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent telegrams of condolence to Monsignor Paolo Crepaldi, secretary of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax; to the president of the Episcopal Conference of Viêt Nam; and to the mother of the late cardinal. Buried in the chapel of the canons of the chapter of St. Peter's Basilica, in Campo Verano cemetery, Rome (2). On Friday, June 8, 2012, at 11:30 a.m., his remains were transported from Campo Verano cemetery to his deaconry, S. Maria della Scala (3). The ceremony, presided by Cardinal Peter Turkson Kodwo Appiah, president of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax, was attended, among others, by Cardinals Roger Etchegaray, Renato Raffaele Martino, Jorge María Mejía and Bernard Francis Law. The sister of the late cardinal was also present for the ceremony as was the Vietnamese community in Rome and Matteo Maria Zuppi, titular bishop of Villa Nova and auxiliary bishop of Rome. Mario Toso, S.D.B., titular bishop of Bisarcio and secretary of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax, addressed those present.

Beatification. The cause of his beatification was introduced on September 16, 2007. Silvia Monica Correale was named postulator of the cause of beatification. Five years after death is the shortest period of time allowed to initiate the process of beatification. On October 22, 2010, a solemn ceremony marked the opening of the diocesan study of his life, virtues, and fame of holiness. The ceremony took place at noon in Sala della Conciliazione of the Lateran Palace, Rome. Cardinals Agostino Vallini, vicar of His Holiness for Rome, and Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson, president of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax, addressed those present. At 8:30 a.m. on the same day, Cardinal Turkson celebrated a Mass for the Servant of God in the church of Santa Maria della Scala, which was Cardinal Nguyên Van Thuân's diaconal church. Dr. Waldery Hilgeman is the new postulator of the cardinal's cause. The diocesan process has been completed and was officially closed on July 5, 2013. On May 4, 2017, Pope Francis authorized the Congregation of the Causes of the Saints to publish the decree concerning his heroic virtues.

Bibliography. Teresa Guitiérrez de Cabiedes. Van Thuán libero tra le sbarre. Roma : Editrice Città Nuova, 2018; Nguyen Van Thuan, François-Xavier. Five loaves and two fish. Washington, D.C. : Morley Books, 2000; Nguyen Van Thuan, François-Xavier. The road of hope : A Gospel from prison. Boston : Pauline Books & Media, 2001.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; biography, in French, Conférence des évêques de France; biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; Cardinal Van Thuân International Observatory for the Social Doctrine of the Church; also in Italian; and in Spanish; El obispo prisionero de los comunistas que celebraba Misa en la palma de la mano by Abel Camasca, ACI, 05 Jun. 15 / 06:36 pm; Card. Van Thuân: Acción de gracias por el decreto de sus virtudes heroicas, Zenit, 11 septiembre 2017; Cientos recuerdan al Cardenal Van Thuân, 13 años preso por el comunismo de Vietnam by Álvaro de Juana, ACI, Roma, 15 Sep. 17 / 08:25 am; 15° aniversario de la muerte del cardenal François Xavier Nguyên Van Thuân, Ecclesia, Radio Vaticana, 15-9-2017; Libero tra le sbarre. Francesco Saverio Van Thuán by Gabriele Nicolò, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 aprile 2018; Il Cardinale Van Thuan: colui che ispira la vita buona ai prigionieri by Tran Dinh, SJ, Vatican News, 21 settembre 2019, 12:20; Il vino eucaristico come una medicina. Incontri - Van Thuân by Elio Guerriero, L'Osservatore Romano, 21 novembre 2019; Il cardinale Van Thuan: uomo di speranza, testimone della Croce by Alessandro Di Bussolo, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 17 settembre 2020, 13:30, with audio; Affrontava il momento presente colmandolo di amore. Nel segno della dedizione al prossimo l’edificante vita del venerabile cardinale Van Thuân by Flaminia Giovannelli, L'Osservatore Romano, 17 aprile 2021; Cardinal van Thuan — Heroic ‘Witness to Hope’ Who Spent 13 Years in a Communist Prison by Regis Martin, National Catholic Register, August 3, 2021; Il Venerabile Van Thuan, uomo di Dio, esempio di cristianità by Francesca Sabatinelli, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 17 settembre 2021, 14:16, with audio; Vietnamese Catholics commemorate Venerable Thuan's virtue, UCA News, Ho Chi Minh City, September 20, 2021 09:45 AM GMT; Pope to new cardinals: bring the fire of Jesus, like Casaroli and Van Thuan, Asia News.it, Vatican City, 08/27/2022, 17.10; La impresionante vida del cardenal Van Thuan by Pedro Estaún, Omnes, 14 de septiembre de 2022; La memoria viva di Van Thuan a vent'anni dalla morte, AsiaNews.it, Roma, 16/09/2022, 15.08; Vent’anni fa moriva Van Thuan. Il cardinale Re: "Ha scelto Dio, non le sue opere" by Alessandro Di Bussolo, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 16 settembre 2022, 17:04, with videos and audio; Il cardinale Van Thuan: uomo di speranza, testimone della Croce by Alessandro Di Bussolo, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 17 settembre 2020, 13:30, with audio; Il Venerabile Van Thuan, uomo di Dio, esempio di cristianità by Francesca Sabatinelli, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 17 settembre 2021, 14:16, with audio.

(1) He was a devout Catholic and had privately taken the Benedictine vows.

(2) This is the text of the inscription on his tombstone, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:
A       Ω
CARDINALE
FRANCOIS XAVIER
NGUYEN VAN THUAN
17 · 4 · 1928 - 16 · 9 · 2002

(3) This is the text of the inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

HIC JACET CARD. F.X. VAN THUAN
17.4.1928 - 16.9.2002


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(162) 3. CACCIAVILLAN, Agostino
(1926-2022)

Birth. August 14, 1926, Novale di Valdagno, diocese of Vicenza, Italy. From a family of nine children.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Vicenza; at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a licentiate in social sciences; at the State University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in jurisprudence; at the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in canon law; and at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome (diplomacy).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 26, 1949, by Carlo Zinato, bishop of Vicenza. Vicar cooperator, Santa Maria in Colle, Bassano del Grappa. Further studies and pastoral ministry, Rome 1957-1959. Worked for a few months at the Secretariat of State. Secretary of the nunciature in the Philippines, 1960-1964; of the nunciature in Spain, 1964-1968; of the nunciature in Lisbon, 1968. From 1969 to 1974, worked in the Secretariat of State, where he also was head of the Office of Information and Documentation. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, August 26, 1973.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Amiterno and appointed pro-nuncio to Kenya and apostolic delegate in the Seychelles, January 17, 1976. Consecrated, February 28, 1976, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Jean Villot, secretary of State, assisted by Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, archbishop emeritus of Bangalore, secretary of the S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples, and by Carlo Fanton, titular bishop of Bennefa, auxiliary of Vicenza. His episcopal motto was In virtute Dei. In Kenya was also permanent observer before the organs of the United Nations Organization for the Environment and the Habitat, 1976-1981. Pro-nuncio to India, May 9, 1981. First pro-nuncio ton Nepal, April 30, 1985. Pro-nuncio to the United States of America, permanent observer before the Organization of American States (O.A.S.), and representative of the Holy See before the World Association of Jurists, June 13, 1990. President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, November 5, 1998. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ss. Angeli Custodi a Città Giardino, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Resigned the presidency of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, October 1, 2002. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, August 14, 2006. Confirmed by Pope Benedict XVI in the office of cardinal protodeacon in the consistory of March 1, 2008. Opted for the order of cardinal priests in the consistory of February 21, 2011 and at his request his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title.

Death. March 5, 2022, in the early hours of the morning, in his Vatican apartment. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, the pope sent a telegram of condolence to his sister, Signora Agnese Cacciavillan. On Monday March 7, 2022, at 11 a.m., at the Altar of the Chair of St. Peter's Basilica, the funeral for the late cardinal took take place celebrated by Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, dean of the College of Cardinals, together with the other cardinals, archbishops and bishops. At the end of the Eucharistic celebration, the Holy Father presided over the rite of the Ultima Commendatio and the Valedictio. He was buried on Wednesday March 9, 2022 in the cemetery of Arzignano, Vicenza, following a funeral Mass presided by Beniamino Pizziol, bishop of Vicenza, at 10 a.m., in the parish church of the same locality.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; È morto il cardinale Agostino Cacciavillan: aveva 95 anni, Vatican News, 05 marzo 2022, 09:45; È morto il cardinale Agostino Cacciavillan, L'Osservatore Romano, 05 Marzo 2022; E' morto il Cardinale Cacciavillan, un diplomatico collaboratore di Giovanni Paolo II by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 05 marzo, 2022 / 1:00 PM; Cardinal Agostino Cacciavillan passes away, Vatican News, 05 March 2022, 18:33; Late Cardinal Cacciavillan believed God saves the world with our cooperation, Vatican News, 07 March 2022, 12:17.


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(163) 4. SEBASTIANI, Sergio
(1931-

Birth. April 11, 1931, Montemonaco, diocese of San Benedetto del Tronto, Ripatransone-Montalto, Italy. His father was a pharmacist who covered the communes of Santa Vittoria, Montelparo, Smerillo and Montefalcone.

Education. Studied at the Episcopal Seminary of Ascoli Piceno; at the Archiepiscopal Seminary of Fermo; at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a licentiate in theology; at the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in canon law; and at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome (diplomacy).

Priesthood. Ordained, July 15, 1956, Fermo. Further studies, Rome, 1956-1960. Secretary of nunciature in Perú, 1960-1962; in nunciature in Brazil, 1962-1966; auditor in nunciature in Chile, 1966-1967. Recalled to the Vatican as secretary of Cardinals Amleto Giovanni Cicognani and Jean Villot, secretaries of State, and later a head of the secretariat of the Sostituto, 1967-1974. Counselor of nunciature in France with special charge before the Council of Europe, 1974-1976. Prelate of honor, April 30, 1974.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cesarea di Mauritania and appointed pro-nuncio in Madagascar and Mauritius and apostolic delegate in La Reunion and the Comoro Islands, September 27, 1976. Consecrated, October 30, 1976, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Jean Villot, secretary of State, assisted by Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, archbishop emeritus of Bangalore, secretary of the S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples, and by Cleto Bellucci, archbishop de Fermo. Nuncio in Turkey, January 8, 1985. Secretary General of the Council of Presidency of the Central Committee for the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000, November 16, 1994. President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See, November 3, 1997. Attended Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 14, 1998; the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Eustachio, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed as president of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See, April 21, 2005. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Participated in the 40th meeting of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, July 4, 2006. The pope accepted his resignation, presented for reason of limit of age, from the office of president of the Prefecture of the Economic Affairs of the Holy See on April 12, 2008. Opted for the order of cardinal priests in the consistory of February 21, 2011 and at his request his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on April 11, 2011.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.


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(164) 5. GROCHOLEWSKI, Zenon
(1939-2020)

Birth. October 11, 1939, Bródki, diocese of Poznań, Poland. Son of Stanisław Grocholewski and Józefa z Stawińskich. He was the third of four siblings.

Education. Studied at the Archiepiscopal Seminary of Poznań (philosophy and theology); at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (licentiate and doctorate in canon law; thesis: De exclusione indissolubilitatis ex consensu matrimoniali eiusque probatione); at "Studio Rotale", Sacred Roman Rota (lawyer "rotale"); took language courses in Germany and France. In addition to Polish, he also spoke Italian, Latin, French, Spanish and English. Received the subdiaconate on March 18, 1961, at the chapel of the Seminary of Poznań, from Antoni Baraniak, S.D.B., archbishop of Poznań; received the diaconate on May 27, 1962, in the cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Poznań, from the same archbishop.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 27, 1963, cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, Poznań, by Antoni Baraniak, S.D.B., archbishop of Poznań. Pastoral ministry in the parish of Christ the King, Poznań, 1963-1966. Further studies, Rome, 1966-1972. At the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, notary, 1972-1977; acting chancellor, 1977-1980; chancellor, 1980-1982; secretary, 1982-1998. Chaplain of His Holiness, December 6, 1977.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Agropoli and appointed secretary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, December 21, 1982. Consecrated, January 6, 1983, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, former archbishop of Bangalore, secretary of the S.C. of the Evangelization of the Peoples. His episcopal motto was Illum oportet crescere. Promoted to archbishop, December 16, 1991. Special papal envoy to the consecration of the first Catholic church in Almaty, Kazakhstan, June 7, 1998. Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, October 5, 1998. President of the Court of Cassation of Vatican City, October 5,1998 to November 15, 1999. Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education; grand chancellor of the Pontifical Gregorian University and of its associated Pontifical Biblical Institute; grand chancellor of the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music; grand chancellor of the Pontifical Institute of Christian Archeology; grand chancellor of the Pontifical Institute Arabic and Islamic Studies; patron of the Pontifical Superior Institute of "Latinità". Received a doctorate honoris causa from the Catholic Academy of Theology, 1998. Received a doctorate honoris causa from the Catholic University of Lublin on October 24, 1998. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; president of the commission for the discussion. Grand chancellor of the Faculty of Christian and Classic Letters in the Pontifical Salesian University, November 15, 1999. He was the postulator for the canonization cause of St. Edmund Bojanowski, canonized by Pope John Paul II in Warsaw in 1999, and of Blessed Sancja Janina Szymkowiak.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Special papal envoy to Ravenna for the celebration of the millennium anniversary of the departure of the holy monks Giovanni di Classe and Benedetto di Benevento for Eastern Europe, where they spread the Gospel, bearing witness to their faith in Christ with their blood. The event, which was called Ravenna in mission 1001-2001, took place April 28, 2002. Special papal envoy to the conclusive celebrations of the 10th centennial of the martyrdom of San Benedetto da Benevento and companions, evangelizers of Poland, that took place in Benevento, Italy, November 13 to 14, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Gregorian University, April 21, 2005. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World". Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 4th centennial of the foundation of the Pontifical University of "Santo Tomás" in Manila, Philippines, which took place on January 28, 2011. Opted for the order of cardinal priests in the consistory of February 21, 2011 and at his request his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the fourth centennial of the dedication of the cathedral of Włocławek, Poland, which took place on June 26, 2011. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. He was confirmed in the post of prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education on November 30, 2013. Confirmed as member of the Congregation for Bishops on December 16, 2013. Named member of the College for the review of appeals to the Ordinary Session of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on January 21, 2015. Ceased as prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education on March 31, 2015. On September 5, 2015, he was named special papal envoy to the conclusive celebration of the 500th anniversary of the arrival from Rome of the Sacred Image of the "Madonna di Łask" at the homonimous shrine in the archdiocese of Łodz, Poland, programmed for Sunday November 8, 2015. On March 11, 2017, he was named special papal envoy to the ceremony of the coronation of the image of “Our Lady Health of the Sick” (Matki Bożej Uzdrowienia Chorych), in the Cathedral-Shrine of Świdnica, Poland, which took place on May 13, 2017, in the centennial of the apparitions of the Virgin of Fatima. On March 26, 2016, he was named special papal envoy to the National Eucharistic Congress of Belarus that, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the erection of the diocese of Grodno, was celebrated in the city of Grodno on May 24-26, 2016. On April 2, 2016, he was named special papal envoy to the inauguration of the Shrine of Toruń, Poland, dedicated to Most Holy Mary Star of the New Evangelization and to Saint John Paul II, which took place on May 18, 2016. On March 24, 2018, the Pope named him special papal envoy to the celebration of the Seventh Centennial of the Consecration of the Shrine of the “Madonna della Giustizia e dell’Amore Sociale”, situated in the city of Piekary Śląskie, archdiocese of Katowice, Poland, programmed for May 27, 2018. On October 11, 2019, he turned eighty years old and, therefore, lost the right to participate in the conclave. He had undergone treatment for cardiological difficulties in his last years. Authored over 550 publications in 12 languages.

Death. July 17, 2020, during the early hours, unexpectedly, in his sleep, in his apartment at via Rusticucci 13, Rome. On Saturday July 18, 2020, at 11 a.m., at the Altar of the Cathedra of the Vatican Basilica, his exequies took place. The exequial liturgy was celebrated by Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, vice-dean of the College of Cardinals, together with the other cardinals. At the end of Eucharistic celebration, Holy Father Francis presided over the rite of the Ultima Commendatio and Valedictio. The late cardinal was buried in the cathedral of Poznań (2).

Bibliography. Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał. Polscy kardynałowie. Kraków : Wydawnictwo WAM, 2001, pp. 399-409.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Press Office of the Holy See; biography, in Polish, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; 75.mo anniversario della liberazione del Campo di sterminio Auschwitz-Birkenau. Il cardinale Zenon Grocholewski porterà uno speciale Messaggio di Papa Francesco, Il Sismografo, giovedì 26 dicembre 2019; Perché il presidente polacco non era a Yad Vashem? Parla il cardinale Zenon Grocholewski by Wlodzimierz Redzioch, ACI Stampa, Auschwitz-Birkenau , 28 gennaio, 2020 / 2:00 PM; Kardynał Zenon Grocholewski nie żyje. Zmarł bliski współpracownik Jana Pawła II by Dominik Gołdyn, Radio Zet, 17.07.2020 09:40; Il cordoglio del Papa per la morte del cardinale Grocholewski. Oggi i funerali by Gabriella Ceraso, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 17 luglio 2020, 12:00; Pope Francis Sends Condolences After Death of Cardinal Grocholewski by Courtney Mares, National Catholic Register, CNA, Jul. 17, 2020; Pésame del Papa por la muerte del cardenal Zenon Grocholewski by Larissa I. López, Zenit, julio 17, 2020 14:39; Polish cardinal who served three popes dies aged 80, La Croix International, Vatican City, July 17, 2020; Pope Francis sends condolences for death of Cardinal Grocholewski, Independent Catholic News, Jul 17th, 2020; I funerali del cardinale Grocholewski: la santità come vera grandezza dell’uomo by Debora Donnini, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 18 luglio 2020, 12:29; El funeral del cardenal Grocholewski en San Pedro. by Anne Kurian-Montabone, Zenit, julio 19, 2020 12:11; La Polonia ha reso omaggio al cardinale Zenon Grocholewski by Wlodzimierz Redzioch, ACI Stampa, Varsavia, 10 settembre, 2022 / 11:00 AM.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his sarchophagus, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

KARDYNAŁ
ZENON
GROCHOLEWSKI
* 11 X 1939

† 17 VII 2020

ILLUM OPORTET CRESCERE


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(165) 6. SARAIVA MARTINS, C.M.F., José
(1932-

Birth. January 6, 1932, Gagos, diocese of Guarda, Portugal, the sixth of eight children of Antonio Saraiva and Maria da Natividade Martins. His younger sister, Cassiana, is a nun missionary in Angola.

Education. Entered the Minor Seminary in October 1944; joined the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Claretians); Claretian Novitiate, Carvalhos; professed, August 22, 1950; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (licentiate in theology); Pontifical University "San Tommaso d'Aquino", Rome (doctorate in theology); University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium (courses of specialization in theology); Free University "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti (doctorate in philosophy).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 16, 1957, church of Sacro Cuore a Piazza Navona, Rome, by Ettore Cunial, titular archbishop of Soteropoli, second vice-gerent of Rome. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1958. Professor of metaphysics, Major Seminary of the Italian Claretian province, house of Marino, 1958-1959. Professor of fundamental theology and of sacramental dogmatic theology, "Claretianum", Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, 1959-1969. Professor of sacramental dogmatic theology, Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome, 1969-1988; dean of the Theological Faculty, 1974-1977; president of the dean's committee of the theological faculties of Rome, 1974-1977; rector "Magnifico" of the Pontifical Urbanian University, 1977-1980, 1980-1983, and 1986-1988. Awarded honorary doctorate in philosophy and letters by Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, 1977. President of the committee of rectors of the pontifical universities and athenaeums of Rome, 1978-1983 and 1986-1988. Attended Sixth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; its special secretary.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tuburnica and appointed secretary of Congregation for Catholic Education, May 26, 1988. Consecrated, July 2, 1988, basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, by Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, secretary of State, assisted by Jan Pieter Schotte, C.I.C.M., titular archbishop of Silli, secretary general of the Synod of Bishops, and by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, secretary of the Congregation for Bishops. His episcopal motto is Veritas in charitate. Member of the Pontifical Roman Academy "San Tommaso", November 24, 1989. Attended Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; by papal appointment. Named prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints on May 30, 1998. Attended Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; member of the postsynodal council.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore, February 21, 2001. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the Fourteenth National Eucharistic Congress of Brazil, Campinas, July 19 to 22, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed as prefect of Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, April 21, 2005. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Presided at a Eucharistic celebration at the patriarchal Vatican basilica and, as charged by His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI, read the Apostolic Letter with which the pope has inscribed in the book of Blesseds the Servant of God Cardinal Clemens August von Galen, October 9, 2005. His resignation from the post of prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, for having reached the age limit, was accepted by the pope on July 9, 2008. On February 24, 2009, he was promoted by Pope Benedict XVI to the order of cardinal bishops with the title of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina. Special papal envoy to the conclusive celebrations of the jubilar year for the 7th centennial of the devotion to Our Lady of Europe, which took place in Gibraltar on May 5, 2009. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the inauguration of the Shrine of Cristo Re, in Almada, Portugal, on May 17, 2009. Special papal envoy to preside over the election of the new minister general of the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans). The proceedings took place in Assisi, Italy, on June 4, 2009, on the occasion of the general chapter of that order. On September 23, 2010, he was granted the prize "Argil: uomo europeo", section "Valori e umanità", promoted dalla provincia di Frosinone, for his numerous scientific and cultural contributions concerning the saints of the 20th century. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on January 6, 2012. He was member of the Congregations for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments; and for Bishops, of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City; and of the Special Council for Europe of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops. On December 1, 2012, in Bari, he was awarded the Prize Caravella del Mediterraneo, promoted and organized by the association "Terra del Mediterraneo", in partnership with Europuglia, the portal for the promotion of the activities and projects of the Mediterranean Service of the Region of Puglia, Italy.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; brief biographical entry in Portuguese, in Os Cardeais Portugueses, patriarcado de Lisboa; photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana.


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(166) 7. SEPE, Crescenzio
(1943-

Birth. June 2, 1943, Carinaro, diocese of Aversa, Italy. From a family of peasants. Son of Luigi and Anna Sepe.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Aversa (middle and ginnasiali studies); at the Pontifical Regional Seminary of Salerno (philosophy); at the Pontifical Major Roman Seminary, Rome (theology); at the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in theology and a licentiate in canon law; at La Sapienza University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in philosophy; and at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome (diplomacy). Besides his native Italian, he speaks English, French and Spanish.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 12, 1967, Aversa, by Antonio Cece, bishop of Aversa. Incardinated in the diocese of Aversa. Further studies, Rome. Assistant professor of sacramental theology, Pontifical Lateran University, Rome; in charge of dogmatic theology, Pontifical Urban University, Rome; published several works in theology (1). Further studies, Rome. Joined Vatican diplomatic service, 1972. Secretary of the nunciature in Brazil, 1972-1975. Called to the Secretariat of State by Giovanni Benelli, titular archbishop of Tusuro, substitute of the Secretariat of State, worked at first in the international section, particularly in charge of International Organizations and later in the Office of Information and Documentation. Assessor for General Affairs of the Secretariat of State, 1987-1992. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, October 10, 1987.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Grado and appointed secretary of the Congregation for the Clergy, April 2, 1992. Consecrated, April 26, 1992, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Cardinal Franciszek Macharski, archbishop of Kraków, and by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, secretary of State. His episcopal motto is In nomine Domini. Secretary general of the Committee of the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000 and of its council of presidency, November 3, 1997. President of the Peregrinatio ad Petri Sedem, November 5, 1997.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Dio Padre misericordioso, February 21, 2001. Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Urbanian University, April 9, 2001. Ceased as president of Peregrinatio ad Petri Sedem, July 25, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Special papal envoy to the solemn celebration of the 1950th anniversary of the arrival of St. Thomas the Apostle in India and the 450 years of the beginning of the mission of St. Francis Xavier. Both celebrations took place in Ernakulam, India, November 16 to 17, 2002. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the Third National Eucharistic Congress of Benin, Dassa-Zoumé, November 22 to 24, 2002. Special representative of the pope to confer the episcopal consecration to Father Wenceslao Padilla, C.I.C.M., titular bishop of Tharros, first apostolic prefect of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, August 29, 2003; the following day, he consecrated the new cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul of Ulaanbaatar. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the Second American Missionary Congress, Guatemala City, November 25 to 30, 2003. Member of the Special Council for Asia of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, May 28, 2004. Received, at the Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome, the European prize "Stefano Borgia", November 11, 2004 (2). Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed as prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Urbanian University, April 21, 2005; occupied the post until May 20, 2006. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Named metropolitan archbishop of Naples, May 20, 2006; he was automatically elevated to cardinal priest, with his deaconry being elevated pro hac vice to title. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the "Asian Mission Congress", that took place in Chang Mai, Thailand, on October 19 to 22, 2006. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". On July 7, 2012, he was named pontifical legate for the consecration of the cathedral of the diocese of Karaganda, Kazakhstan, programmed for September 9, 2012. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. He was confirmed as member of the Congregation for the Clergy on June 9, 2014. On Decembre 12, 2020, the Pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Naples. To succeed him the pope named Domenico Battaglia, until then bishop of Cerreto Sannita-Telese-Sant’Agata de’ Goti. Cardinal Sepe was apostolic administrator of Naples until the taking of possession of the new archbishop on February 2, 2021.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in Italian, archdiocese of Naples; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Archbishop of Naples: Church must leave privileges aside and dedicate itself to the poor by Giacomo Galeazzi, Vatican Insider, 06/16/2012; Il cardinale Sepe: «Non vinca l'egoismo, denunciare sempre» by Antonio Maria Mira, Avvenire, 23 luglio 2012; Sepe: lottare contro abusi e prepotenze, Chiesa, Avvenire, 14 agosto 2012; Il Cardinale Sepe ad Assisi: “San Francesco apra il nostro cuore all’accoglienza” by Veronica Giacomett, ACI Stampa, Assisi, 04 ottobre, 2018 / 12:00 AM; El Cardenal Sepe celebra la visita del Papa a Nápoles by Larissa I. López, Zenit, junio 20, 2019 17:51; San Gennaro, Cardinale Sepe: "Il male che fanno a Napoli i sicari di odio è senza limiti" by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Napoli, 19 settembre, 2019 / 2:00 PM; Coronavirus Covid-19: card. Sepe (Napoli), “la quarantena non ha fermato la camorra. Bisogna fare in fretta”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 2 maggio 2020 @ 19:55; Pompei, Sepe: il Rosario arma giusta nelle difficoltà by Tiziana Campisi, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 08 maggio 2020, 12:40; Cardinale Sepe: la pandemia ha portato alla luce una fede più autentica by Michele Raviart, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 12 maggio 2020, 12:15, with audio; Il Cardinale Sepe si appresta a “lasciare” Napoli: si apre la successione by Salvatore Foggiano, Agorà Informa, mercoledì 19 agosto 2020; Diocesi: Napoli, il card. Sepe scrive ai parroci su amministrazione dei sacramenti dell’iniziazione cristiana e celebrazione matrimoni, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 25 agosto 2020 @ 18:52; Avvento: Napoli, domani il card. Sepe in adorazione eucaristica con il clero grazie a una diretta streaming, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 25 novembre 2020 @ 18:44; Immacolata: Napoli, domani il card. Sepe terrà il discorso alla città all’interno della chiesa del Gesù nuovo, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 7 dicembre 2020 @ 18:58; Dal Giubileo a Scampia, i 14 anni da stakanovista del cardinale-manager, Il personaggio by Angelo Scelzo, Il Mattino, Il Sismografo, lunedì 14 dicembre 2020; Il cardinale Sepe positivo al covid, guarito il cardinale Montenegro, ACI Stampa, 13 gennaio, 2021 / 1:00 PM; Curia di Napoli. L’Arcivescovo Sepe positivo al Coronoavirus, teleischia, 13 gennaio 2021; Il Cardinale Sepe è guarito dal Covid-19 ed è stato dimesso dall’ospedale Cotugno, fanpage.it, 30 Gennaio 2021 12:51; La vecchia e mai dimenticata questione meridionale e la chiesa di Napoli tra mons. Battaglia e il card. Sepe by Angelo Scelzo, Il Mattino, Il Sismografo, martedì 2 marzo 2021; Napoli, servizio di Report sull’uso discutibile del patrimonio immobiliare dell’arcidiocesi. Il cardinale Sepe: “Andate a farvi fottere” by Francesco Antonio Grana, il Fatto Quotidiano, 8 Novembre 2022; Chiese chiuse a Napoli, replica del cardinale Sepe: “Solo 15% di proprietà Curia” (VIDEO), Napoli Village, 10/11/2022; Sepe, il pastore generoso oltre l'etichetta del vescovo-manager by Angelo Scelzo, Il Mattino, Il Sismografo, lunedì 14 novembre 2022.

(1) Among them, "La dimensione trinitaria del carattere sacramentale", published by the Pontifical Lateran University; and "Persona e storia. Per una teologia della persona", published by Edizioni Paoline.
(2) The prize is promoted by the diocese of Velletri-Segni and by the Center of Borgian Studies. Cardinal Stefano Borgia was the prefect of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide from 1802 to 1804; and in 2004, the bicentennial of his death was commemorated. As prefect, he valued the cultural aspect while constantly maintaining the missionary perspective.


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(167) 8. MEJÍA, Jorge María
(1923-2014)

Birth. January 31, 1923, Buenos Aires, Argentina. From a very well known family. He was the second of five children. The family already had other religious members: a missionary in Japan; and from his generation two priests and a bishop, Jaime F. Mejía, S.D.B., of Nevares.

Education. Initial studies at a private school in the city of San Isidro; completed his secondary studies at School "Carmen Arriola de Marín", then directed by the Brothers of the Christian Schools; entered the Metropolitan Seminary of Buenos Aires at Villa Devoto in 1939, where he completed his studies in philosophy and theology; later, attended the Pontifical University of S. Tommaso, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in theology; then, the Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome, where he obtained a licentiate in biblical science; and the École Niblique et Archéologique Française of the Dominican Fathers in the convent of Saint-Étienne in Jerusalem (advanced courses). Besides his native Spanish, he knew Italian, English, French, German, the Biblical languages, and some Oriental languages.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 22, 1945, in the cathedral of Buenos Aires, by Cardinal Santiago Luis Copello, archbishop of Buenos Aires, with dispensation of age. Pastoral ministry as vicar in the parish of Santa Rosa de Lima, Buenos Aires. Further studies in Rome from 1946. Professor of Sacred Scripture, and also of Biblical Greek, Hebrew and archeology, Theological Faculty, Catholic University of Argentina; professor of Sacred Scripture, "Instituto de Cultura Religiosa Superior" and in the Instituto de Ciencias Sagradas", Marist Brothers. Director of the Catholic journal Criterio, 1956-1977. Further studies in Jerusalem; guest professor in Ecumenical Institute of Higher Theological Studies, Tantur, Israel. Attended Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) as an expert. Director of the Commission on Ecumenism of the archdiocese of Buenos Aires, 1966. Secretary of the Department of Ecumenism of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM), 1967. President of the executive committee of the World Catholic Federation for Biblical Apostolate, 1969-1972. After the military coup of 1976, a death threat made him leave Argentina for the Vatican. Secretary of the Pontifical Commission for the relations with Judaism in the Secretariat for Christian Unity, 1977. Chaplain of His Holiness, September 20, 1978.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Apollonia and appointed vice-president of Pontifical Commission Iustitia et Pax, March 8, 1986. Consecrated, April 12, 1986, church of S. Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, by Cardinal Roger Etchegaray, president of the Pontifical Commission Iustitia et Pax and of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Antonio María Javierre Ortas, S.D.B., titular archbishop of Meta, secretary of the S.C. for Catholic Education. His episcopal motto was Ipse est pax nostra. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Promoted to archbishop and appointed secretary of the Congregation for Bishops, March 5, 1994. Secretary of the College of Cardinals, March 10, 1994. Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church, March 7, 1998.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Girolamo della Carità, February 21, 2001. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, January 31, 2003. Resigned the post of archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church, November 24, 2003. Opted for the order of cardinal priests in the consistory of February 21, 2011 and at his request his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title.

Death. December 9, 2014, Clínica Pio XI, Rome. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent his brother, Alejandro Jaime Mejía, a telegram of condolence (1). A cappella papale in suffrage of his soul took place on Thursday December 11, 2014, at 11:30 a.m., at the Altar of the Cathedra of the papal Vatican basilica. The exequial liturgy was celebrated by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, together with thirty two other cardinals and fourteen archbishops and bishops. At the end of the eucharistic celebration, Pope Francis presided over the rite of the Ultima Commendatio and of the Valedictio. The burial took place in the afternoon in his titular church, S. Girolamo della Carità, in piazza Farnese, Rome (2).

Bibliography. Mejía, Jorge María. Una presencia en el Concilio : crónicas y apuntes del Concilio Vaticano II. Buenos Aires : Agape Libros, 2009.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, Press Office of the Holy See; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; his photograph, portrait and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Card. Jorge María Mejía: El método antiguo by Gisela Manoni, Radio Cristiandad, Martes 25 septiembre 2007; Il cardinale Mejia: «Ho servito il Concilio» by Filippo Rizzi, Quelli del Concilio / 3, Avvenire, 9 maggio 2012; Morto a 91 anni il cardinale argentino Mejia, il cordoglio del Papa, Vatican Insider, pubblicato il 09/12/2014, ultima modifica il 09/12/2014 alle ore 15:39; Fallece el cardenal argentino Mejía, amigo del Papa Francisco by Andrés Beltramo Álvarez, Vatican Insider, pubblicato il 09/12/2014, ultima modifica il 09/12/2014 alle ore 15:45; El Papa y otros 35 cardenales en el funeral de Mejía, Vatican Insider, pubblicato il 11/12/2014, ultima modifica il 11/12/2014 alle ore 16:09.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Bulletin of the Holy See Press Office:

Sr. Alejandro Jaime Mejía
Colón, 135
1640 Martínez, Bs.As. - Argentina
APENADO POR EL FALLECIMIENTO DE SU HERMANO, EL QUERIDO CARDENAL JORGE MARÍA, ARCHIVERO Y BIBLIOTECARIO EMÉRITO DE LA SANTA IGLESIA ROMANA, Y QUE DURANTE LARGOS AÑOS HA SERVIDO CON FIDELIDAD Y COMPETENCIA EN VARIOS ORGANISMOS DE LA SANTA SEDE, DESEO HACERLE LLEGAR MI MÁS SENTIDO PÉSAME, ASEGURANDO MIS ORACIONES DE SUFRAGIO POR ÉL, A QUIEN ME UNÍA UNA LARGA AMISTAD, PARA QUE EL SEÑOR CONCEDA SU PAZ A QUIEN SE HA ENTREGADO DE MODO TAN INTENSO Y GENEROSO A LA IGLESIA. CON LA FE EN EL MISTERIO PASCUAL DE CRISTO, QUE ILUMINA Y LLENA DE ESPERANZA LA VIDA CRISTIANA, Y EL RECUERDO DE UN PASTOR DEDICADO A LA MISIÓN EVANGELIZADORA, PIDO EL CONSUELO DIVINO EN ESTOS MOMENTOS DE DOLOR, PARA USTED Y LOS SERES QUERIDOS QUE LLORAN TAN SENSIBLE PÉRDIDA, A LOS QUE IMPARTO DE CORAZÓN LA BENDICIÓN APOSTÓLICA.
FRANCISCO PP.

Analogous telegram was sent by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, secretary of State.

(2) This is the inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta
CARD. JORGE M. MEJÍA
1923 - 2014
HIC JACENT TERRESTRES EXUVIE
GEORGII MARIAE MEJIA HUJUS
ECCLESIAE SANCTI HYERONIMI
A CARITATE OLIM PRESBYTER
CARDINALIS DONEC HINC DENUO
PROPRIO SPIRITU SUO VIVENTES
EXEANT IN OCCURSUM DOMINI
SUI GLORIOSE ADVENIENTIS
ET IN AETERNUM REGNANTIS


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(168) 9. DAOUD, Ignace Moussa I
(1930-2012)

Birth. September 18, 1930, Meskané, a village in the archeparchy of Homs, Hama et Nabk of the Syrians, Syria. Son of Daoud Moussa Daoud and Kahla Elias Dabbas. The family had six siblings, three girls and three boys. His baptismal name was Basile. His name is also listed as Ignatius Basile Moses.

Education. Initial studies at the parish school of his native village directed by Father Hanna Makdissi; in December 1941, he entered the Seminary St. Ephrem-St Benoît in Jerusalem of the French Benedictine Fathers, where he did his complementary and secondary studies; in 1948, after the war in Palestine between Jews and Arabs, the seminary was transferred to the Convent of Charfeh, Lebanon; there, he finished the last year of his secondary studies; then, he studied philosophy and theology in that same seminary; from 1949 until 1955. in 1962, he was sent to Rome to study at the Pontifical Lateran University, where he obtained a licentiate in canon law in 1964. He spoke Arabic, French and Italian.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 17, 1954, cathedral of Saint-Georges of the Catholic Syrians, Beirut, by Cardinal Ignace Gabriel I Tappouni of Antioch of the Syrians. In 1955 he returned to his diocese of origin, Homs, and was given the charges of professor of catechism at St. Joseph School; vicar of the curé of Homs; later, director of that school and curé of Homs; secretary of the archbishop; and finally, episcopal vicar general. Further studies, Rome, 1962-1964. Secretary to the Syrian patriarch, Beirut, 1965-1970. In 1970, Patriarch Ignace Antoine II Hayek named him secretary of the patriarchate; occupied the post for seven years. Defender of the matrimonial bond, patriarchal tribunal, Beirut.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Cairo of the Syrians, Egypt, by the Syrian Catholic Patriarchal Synod gathered in Charfeh, Lebanon, July 2, 1977; Pope Paul VI assented to his election, July 22, 1977. Consecrated, September 18, 1977, church of the convent of Notre-Dame de la Délivrance, Charfeh, Daroun, Lebanon, by Ignace Antoine II Hayek, patriarch of Antioch of the Syrians, assisted by Flavien Zacharie Melki, titular archbishop of Amida dei Siri, and by Joseph Jacob Abiad, archbishop of Homs, Hama et Nabk of the Syrians. At his consecration he took the name Basile Moussa Daoud. He was enthroned in the church of Sainte-Catherine, Cairo, on October 7, 1977. Consultant, and later member of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Church (CCEO); and chaired the Commission for the Arabic translation of the CCEO. He built the cathedral of Notre-Dame du Rosaire, in Cairo. Promoted to archeparchy of Homs, Hama et Nabk of the Syrians by the Syrian Catholic Patriarchal Synod, July 1, 1994; Pope John Paul II assented to his promotion on July 6, 1994. Enthroned in the church of Notre-Dame Délivrance in Zeidal, Homs, on September 18, 1994. Attended Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 14, 1998. Elected 134th patriarch of Antioch of the Syrians, October 13, 1998, Lebanon, by the Syrian Catholic Patriarchal Synod. Took the name of Ignace Moussa I. Pope John Paul II granted him the ecclesiastica communio, October 20, 1998. Enthroned as patriarch, October 25, 1998, cathedral of Notre-Dame de l'Annonciation, Beirut. He realized his first visit ad limina Apostolorum, December 12 to 20, 1998. Named prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Oriental Institute on November 25, 2000. Resigned the patriarchate of Antioch of the Syrians on January 8, 2001.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal patriarch, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. On December 5, 2004, charged by the pope, he confirmed the ecclesiastica communio to the newly elected patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans, Emmanuel III Delly, during the mass celebrated in the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed by the new pope prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Oriental Institute, April 21, 2005. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Papal delegate to the ceremony of the confirmation of the ecclesiastica communio to Antonios Naguib, new patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts. The ceremony took place on December 19, 2006 in the papal basilica of S. Paolo fuori le mura, Rome. Resigned the prefecture of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, for reason of age limit, on June 9, 2007. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on September 18, 2010.

Death. April 7, 2012, at 8 a.m., of cardiovascular complications after suffering a stroke while recovering at the Roman clinic "Pio XI". Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal rest of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Patriarch Ignace Youssif III Younan of Antioch of the Syrians (1). The funeral took place in the Altar of the Cathedra of the papal Vatican basilica on April 10, 2012, presided over by Cardinal Angelo Sodano. His body was taken to Beirut on April 11, 2012, and it was laid out for the blessing and farewell in the chapel of the Holy Patriarchate of Beirut on April 13 and 14. A funeral mass, presided by Patriarch Younan, was celebrated for the repose of the soul of the cardinal at 3 p.m. on Monday April 16, 2012, at the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Beirut. Then, his body was buried in the crypt of the patriarchs in the monastery in Charfeh, Daroun, beside the tomb of Cardinal Ignace Gabriel I Tappouni.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Intervention by Cardinal Ignace Moussa I Daoud at the Pontifical Oriental Institute meeting on the 1950th anniversary of the arrival in India of St. Thomas the Apostle and the 450th anniversary of the death of St. Francis Xavier, Saturday, 7 December 2002, The Vatican; Il Cardinale Daoud: da Antiochia alla Congregazione per le Chiese Orientali by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 07 aprile, 2022 / 2:00 PM.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

Sa Béatitude Igance Youssif III Younan
Patriarche d'Antioche des Syriens
Beyrouth
Apprenant avec peine le décès de Sa Béatitude le Cardinal Ignace Moussa I Daoud, Patriarche émérite d'Antioche des Syriens et Préfet émérite de la Congrégation pour les Églises orientales, je tiens à vous exprimer mon union dans la priére avec votre Église patriarcale, avec la famille du défunt et toutes les personnes touchées par ce deuil. En ces jours où nous célébrons la résurrection du Seigneur, me souvenant des peuples de la région qui vivent des moments difficiles, je le prie d'accueillir dans sa joie et dans sa paix l'âme de ce Pasteur fidèle qui s'est dévoué avec foi et générosité au service du Peuple de Dieu. En gage de réconfort, je vous accorde de grand cur, Béatitude, la Bénédiction apostolique, ainsi qu'ux Évêques, aux prêtres, et aux fidèles du Patriarcat d'ntioche des Syriens, aux membres de la famille du défunt et à toutes les personnes qui prendront part dans l'espérance à la liturgie des obsèques.


An analogous telegram was sent by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State.


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(169) 10. POMPEDDA, Mario Francesco
(1929-2006)

Birth. April 18, 1929, Ozieri, Sardinia, Italy.

Education. Studied at the Archiepiscopal Seminary of Sassari, (ginnasiali studies); at the Regional Seminary of Cagliari (liceali studies and philosophy); went to atusy in Rome and resided at Almo Collegio Capranica; attended the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in theology); the Pontifical Biblical Institute, where he earned a licentiate in Sacred Scriptures); the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon ans civil law; an the "Studium" of the Sacred Roman Rota, Rome (lawyer: avvocato Rotale).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1951, Rome; incardinated in the diocese of Rome. Pastoral ministry for 30 years in the Roman parish of "Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario". Ecclesiastical counselor of the Roman Union of Catholic Jurists. Joined the Tribunal of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1955; defender of the matrimonial bond; prelate auditor 1969-1993; dean, September 11, 1993. President of the Appellate Court of the State of Vatican City, November 1993. Awarded honorary doctorate by the Faculty of Canon Law, Catholic Institute of Paris, October 1995. Ecclesiastical counselor of the International Union of Catholic Jurists. For more than 20 years he was a faculty member of the "Studio Rotale"; also taught at the Faculty of Canon Law, Pontifical Gregorian University, and at the Roman Athenaeum of the "Santa Croce".

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Bisarcio, November 29, 1997. Consecrated, January 6, 1998, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, section of General Affairs, and by Jorge María Mejía, titular archbishop of Apollonia, secretary of the Congregation for Bishops and secretary of the College of Cardinals. His episcopal motto was Soli Deo. Named prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature and president of the Cassation Court of the State of Vatican City, November 16, 1999. Named president of the Commission for the Advocates, ad quinquennium, March 7, 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, February 21, 2001; received red biretta and deaconry of Annunciazione della B.V.M. a Via Ardeatina, February 21, 2001. Attended X Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001; president of the Commission for the Controversies. Resigned the prefecture of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, May 27, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. (He was credited with drafting Universi Dominic Gregis, the apostolic constitution of Pope John Paul II, dated February 22, 1996, concerning the sede vacante and the conclave.) Grand prior of the Sacred Military Order Costantiniana di San Giorgio.

Death. October 18, 2006, in the early morning, of a brain hemorrhage, in the Polyclinic "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, where he had been hospitalized for several days; a short time before he had received a pacemaker after suffering from a cardiac crisis. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI sent the diocesan community of Ozeri a telegram of condolence (1). On Friday October 20, at 5 p.m., in the altar of the Chair of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, took place the exequial liturgy for the late cardinal, presided by the pope, who also delivered the homily. Cardinals Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, and Giovanni Battista Re, prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, were the main concelebrants. The body of the late cardinal was transferred to Ozieri, his native city, and in the evening of Sunday October 22, 2006, the cortege started in the Basilica of S. Antioco di Bisarcio and went to the church of S. Antonio, in the center of the city. Sebastiano Sanguinetti, bishop of Tempio-Ampurias and apostolic administrator of Ozieri, celebrated the exequies. Numerous provincial and local dignitaries attended the ceremony. The mortal remains of the cardinal were buried in the tomb of the cathedral chapter in the cemetery of Ozieri until his definitive tomb in the cathedral was finished. On Thursday, February 18, 2010, his remains were reinterred in a specially constructed sarcophagus in the cathedral of Ozieri at the chapel of the Most Holy Sacrament (2). The requiem Mass was celebrated at 5 p.m., presided by Bishop Sergio Pintor of Ozieri. At the end of the Mass, Monsignor Giuseppe Sciacca, judge of the Roman Rota and a long time collaborator of the late cardinal, read a special message sent for the occasion by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State, in the name of Pope Benedict XVI. Following the religious ceremony, a civil service took place, where the former Piazza Cirenaica, in the historic area of the city of Ozieri, was renamed Piazza Cardinale Pompedda.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; I Cardinali Lercaro e Pompedda: doppio anniversario per il Sacro Collegio by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Bologna, 18 ottobre, 2021 / 9:00 AM.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

A Sua Eccellenza Rev.ma
Mons. Sebastiano Sanguinetti
Amministratore Apostolico
Ozieri
NELL'APPRENDERE LA NOTIZIA DELLA SCOMPARSA DOPO LUNGA MALATTIA DEL CARDINALE MARIO FRANCESCO POMPEDDA ILLUSTRE FIGLIO DI CODESTA TERRA DESIDERO ESPRIMERE A LEI E ALL’INTERA COMUNITÀ DIOCESANA LA MIA PROFONDA PARTECIPAZIONE AL LUTTO CHE COLPISCE QUANTI CONOBBERO E STIMARONO IL COMPIANTO PORPORATO INSIGNE GIURISTA E PER TANTI ANNI SOLERTE COLLABORATORE DELLA SANTA SEDE IN PARTICOLARE NEL TRIBUNALE DELLA ROTA ROMANA E NELLA SEGNATURA APOSTOLICA RENDENDO OVUNQUE UNA APPREZZATA TESTIMONIANZA DI ZELO SACERDOTALE E DI FEDELTÀ AL VANGELO (.) MENTRE ELEVO FERVIDE PREGHIERE AL SIGNORE AFFINCHÉ AUSPICE LA VERGINE MARIA VOGLIA DONARE AL DEFUNTO CARDINALE IL PREMIO ETERNO PROMESSO AI SUOI FEDELI DISCEPOLI INVIO DI CUORE A LEI ED A QUANTI NE PIANGONO LA DIPARTITA UNA SPECIALE CONFORTATRICE BENEDIZIONE APOSTOLICA

BENEDICTUS PP. XVI

(2) This is the inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

MARIO
FRANCESCO

POMPEDDA

CARDINALE

DI
SANTA ROMANA CHIESA

Dall’anno
2001

Ozieri
18 aprile 1929

Roma
18 ottobre 2006


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(170) 11. KASPER, Walter
(1933-

Birth. March 5, 1933, Heidenheim/Brenz, diocese of Rottenburg (now Rottenburg-Stuttgart), Germany. Besides his native German, he speaks English and Italian.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Tübingen (philosophy and doctorate in theology); and at the Seminary of Münich (theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 6, 1957, Rottenburg, by Carl Joseph Leiprecht, bishop of Rottenburg. Vicar, parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Stuttgart, 1957-1958. Faculty member, Theological Seminary of Tübingen, 1958-1961; further studies, 1961. Assistant of Professor Dr. Leo Scheffczyk (created cardinal in the same consistory) and of Professor Dr. Hans Küng, in Tübingen. Professor of dogmatic theology in Münster, 1961-1969. Dean of the Faculty of Theology in Münster, 1969. Professor of dogmatic theology and dean of the Theological Faculty, Tübingen, 1970. Visiting professor, Washington, United States, 1983. Member of the International Theological Commission. Member of the Heidelberger Academy of Science, 1985. Attended the Second Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8,1985; special secretary.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, April 4, 1989; confirmed by Pope John Paul II, April 17, 1989. Consecrated, June 17, 1989, cathedral of Sankt Martin, Rottenburg, by Oskar Saier, archbishop of Freiburg im Brisgau, assisted by Karl Lehmann, bishop of Mainz, and by Franz Josef Kuhnle, titular bishop of Sorres, auxiliary of Rottenburg-Stuttgart. His episcopal motto is Veritatem in caritate. Co-president of the Lutheran-Roman Catholic Commission on Unity, 1994. Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity, March 16, 1999. Resigned the pastoral government of the diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, May 31, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ognissanti in Via Appia Nuova, February 21, 2001. President of the Pontifical Secretariat for the Promotion of Christian Unity, March 3, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed as president of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity, April 21, 2005. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Represented Pope Benedict XVI at the International Conference on Peace and Tolerance - Dialog and Understanding in South East Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, celebrated in Istanbul, November 7 to 9, 2005. Headed the papal delegation to the funeral of Orthodox Patriarch Teoctist of Rumania, which was celebrated on Friday August 3, 2007, at 11 a.m., in the patriarchal cathedral of Bucarest, Rumania. Special papal envoy to the solemn celebrations of the 8th centennial of the translation of t he relics of the Apostle Saint Andrew to Amalfi, Italy, which took place on May 8, 2008. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church"; elected member of the Twelfth Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, October 22, 2008. Member of the delegation of the Holy See to the funeral of His Holiness Alexis II, patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, December 9, 2008. Led a papal delegation to the enthronement of His Holiness Kyrill, new patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, which took place in the cathedral of Christ the Savior, Moscow, on February 1, 2009. Special papal envoy to the conclusive ceremonies of the Pauline Year observed on June 29, 2009, in the Holy Land. Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World". Resigned the presidency of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity for reasons of limit of age, July 1, 2010. On July 14, 2010, he was granted the Cardinal Bea award for services to Jewish-Christian relations, established by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Sion, for the cardinal's activities as head of the Commission for the Religious Relations with Judaism during the last ten years. The ceremony took place in the order's general house in Rome. On January 11, 2011, he was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in Sacred Theology from Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in a ceremony at the Vatican. On January 25, 2011, he was honored by the Anglican archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, with a dinner and the award of the Cross of Lambeth. On February 4, 2011, during the celebration of the National Day of the Catholic University of Portugal, in Lisbon, he received a doctorate honoris causa from that university. Opted for the order of cardinal priests in the consistory of February 21, 2011 and at his request his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title; in his absence, his request was presented by the secretary of the College of Cardinals Manuel Monteiro de Castro, titular archbishop of Benevento. On September 27, 2011, he was named special papal envoy to the celebrations marking the 950th anniversary of the dedication of the cathedral of Speyer in Germany, programmed for October 2, 2011. Turned eighty years old on March 5, 2013, after the Apostolic See had become vacant on February 28, 2013; according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici Gregis, the cardinals lose the right to participate in the conclave if the birthday occurs before the vacancy of the Holy See, therefore, he remained eligible to participate in the March 2013 conclave but not in subsequent elections. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Participated in Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 19, 2014, on the theme "The pastoral challenges of the family in the context of the Evangelization", by papal appointment.

Bibliography. Kasper, Walter. Chiesa Cattolica, essenza, realtà, missione. Brescia : Editrice Queriniana, 2012. (Biblioteca di teologia contemporanea, 157); Kasper, Walter. Harvesting the Fruits. Basic Aspects of Christian Faith in Ecumenical Dialogue. Ecumenical Consensus, Convergences and Differences. London : Continuum, 2009.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Cardinal Kasper to give speech on family to College of Cardinals, CatholicHerald.co.uk, Tuesday, 18 February 2014; Kasper: «Alla Chiesa serve il genio femminile» by Stefania Falasca, Avvenire, 1 marzo 2014; Kasper proposes appointing women as heads of pontifical councils by Andrea Tornielli, Vatican Insider, 03/1/2014; Kasper: misericordia, antidoto al mercato by Walter Kasper, Avvenire, 21 gennaio 2015; Gastkommentar: Zum Verständnis von Amoris laetitia, Radio Vatikan, 07/12/2017 15:23; Cardinal Kasper: The controversy surrounding Amoris Laetitia has come to an end by Anian Christoph Wimmer, Catholic News Agency, Munich, Germany, Dec 11, 2017 / 10:00 pm; Cardinal Kasper: the controversy over Amoris Laetitia is now over, Catholic Herald, posted Tuesday, 12 Dec 2017; Cardinal hopes that 'painful' Amoris Laetitia dispute is over by Ruth Gledhill, The Tablet, 12 December 2017; Cardinal Kasper: The controversy surrounding ‘Amoris Laetitia’ has come to an end by Anian Christoph Wimmer, Crux, Catholic News Agency, Dec 12, 2017; Tra scienza e ecclesiologia by Antonio Russo, L'Osservatore Romano, 03 marzo 2018; Kardinal Kasper wird 85: Konzil, Interkommunion und Papst Franziskus by Gudrun Sailer, Vatican News, Vatikanstadt, 04 März 2018, 14:43, with audio; El cardenal Kasper profundiza sobre el mensaje de Amoris laetitia, Ecclesia Digital, 5 de marzo de 2018; Kasper: the faithful understand Amoris laetitia, stop accusations of heresy by Alessandro Gissoti, Vatican News, 05 March 2018, 10:36, translated by Sr Bernadette Mary Reis, fsp, with audio; Kasper: Francesco profeta di misericordia per il mondo, Avvenire, sabato 10 marzo 2018; Kardinal Kasper sieht Hoffnung für Kommunionsgemeinschaft, Vatican News, 11 Mai 2018, 13:10; I santi e la storia in comune. Incontro a Sofia fra il cardinale Kasper e il patriarca Neofit, L'Osservatore Romano, 26 giugno 2018; Kardinal Kasper sieht Ökumene in „Zwischenphase“, Vatican News, 02 Oktober 2018, 12:09; Cardinal Kasper is far from controversies for a change, and happily so by David Gibson, National Catholic Reporter, Jan 5, 2019; Il cardinale Kasper: i nemici di Papa Francesco vogliono un nuovo Conclave, Vatican Insider, Torino, 19/01/2019 alle ore 01:27; Kasper: „Ohne Frauen wäre jede Pfarrei morgen tot“, Vatican News, 29 April 2019, 12:14, with audio; Cardinal Kasper Says Pope ‘Would Probably Accept’ Married Priests If Proposed by Synod by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Jun. 5, 2019; Kardinal Kasper: „Deutschland ist nicht der allerlebendigste Teil der Weltkirche“ interview by Jan Hendrik Stens, vaticannews.va, Domradio, 17 Juni 2019, 09:47; Idee. Kasper: «Chiesa e modernità: da nemici a alleati per il futuro della democrazia», Avvenire, domenica 29 settembre 2019; Walter Kasper: “Los que atacan al Papa son pocos, pero, con los nuevos medios digitales, un ratoncito se convierte en elefante” by José Manuel Vidal, Religión Digital, 06.12.2019; D: Kardinal Kasper wünscht sich Debatte über Reformen in der Kirche, Vatican News, 15 April 2020, 09:20; Cardinal Kasper Defends Vatican Instruction on Parishes, Catholic News Agency, Jul 27, 2020 / 08:00 am MT; Cardinale Kasper “Ok documento Vaticano su parrocchie”/ “Polemiche errate perché…” by Mauro Mantegazza, Il Sussidiario, 27.07.2020; "Il Papa è scandalizzato: farà pulizia. Più controlli e finanze centralizzate" by Fabio Marchese Ragona, il Giornale, Mer, 30/09/2020 - 08:18; Kasper: “El Papa quiere limpiar el Vaticano, especialmente el área de las finanzas” by Mateo González Alonso, Vida Nueva Digital, 01/10/2020; Teologia: il 20 novembre all’Alfonsiana il dottorato honoris causa al card. Kasper, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 14 novembre 2020 @ 18:19; Nel segno della misericordia. Walter Kasper e l’incontro con Papa Francesco by Antonio Russo, L'Osservatore Romano, 05 marzo 2021; Kasper: quando al Conclave regalai a Bergoglio un libro by Eugenio Bonanata, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 17 marzo 2021, 12:20, with video; Tra critica e desiderio di riforma. Il cardinale Kasper ricorda Hans Küng by Nicola Gori, L'Osservatore Romano, 07 aprile 2021; "Era in pace con la Chiesa, Franceso lo benedisse" by Gian Guido Vecchi, Corriere della Sera, 07-APR-2021; Kardinal Kasper: „Geburtsfehler bei Synodalem Weg“, Bistum Passau, 08.06.2021; Cardinal Kasper ‘very worried’ about German Church’s ‘Synodal Way’, Catholic News Agency, Passau, Germany, Jun 10, 2021 / 03:35 am; Cardinal Kasper ‘Very Worried’ About German Church’s ‘Synodal Way’, National Catholic Register, Frankfurt, Germany, June 10, 2021; Cardenal Kasper está “muy preocupado” por polémico Camino Sinodal alemán, ACI Prensa, 11 de junio de 2021 - 2:37 PM; Synodal way has 'birth defect' says top cardinal by James Roberts, The Tablet, 16 June 2021; Cardinal Kasper Responds to Pope Francis’ New Motu Proprio on the Mass by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Vatican City, July 23, 2021; Vorschau: Unsere nächste Radio-Akademie, Vatican News, 17 September 2021, 12:35; Cardinal Kasper on German Synod: ‘Many Wonder Whether All This Is Still Entirely Catholic’ by Edward Pentin World, National Catholic Register, Vatican City, September 23, 2021; Cardinal Kasper supports alternative ‘Synodal Way’ text, Catholic News Agency, Rome, Italy, Sep 24, 2021 / 13:00 pm; Kardinal Kasper: „Frauen werden größere Rolle spielen“ by Stefan von Kempis, Vatican News, Vatikanstadt, 15 Oktober 2021, 09:29, with audio; „Radio-Akademie“ (3): Mit Kardinal Walter Kasper by Stefan von Kempis, Vatican News, Vatikanstadt, 31 Oktober 2021, 10:00, with audio; Cardinal Kasper: Synodal Way’s ‘original sin’ was to set aside evangelization, Catholic News Agency, Munich, Germany, Nov 9, 2021 / 14:00 pm; Cardinal Kasper warns German synodal way risks 'breaking its own neck' by AC Wimmer, Catholic News Agency, Berlin, Germany, Jun 22, 2022 / 14:40 pm; Il cardinale Kasper ai vescovi tedeschi,se non ascoltate le critiche vi romperete il collo, ACI Stampa, berlino, 23 giugno, 2022 / 2:00 PM; Il cardinale Kasper contro il Sinodo tedesco by Matteo Matzuzzi, Il Foglio, 23 giu 2022; Cardinal Kasper alarmed by the German synodal process by Xavier Le Normand, La Croix International, June 24, 2022; Vatican Cardinals Laud US Supreme Court’s Dobbs Decision by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, July 1, 2022; The German Synodal Path, Cardinal Kasper, and the Vatican by Mike Lewis, Where Peter Is, July 25, 2022, with audio; Riunione cardinali: Kasper e Schönborn, “nessun conflitto, crisi o polemica”, ma “arricchimento reciproco”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 30 Agosto 2022 @ 13:43; Kasper: Kirche hat Zukunft nur in „schöpferischer Treue" zum Konzil, Vatican News, 11 Oktober 2022, 18:52; Kasper hits back in German synodal path row by Christa Pongratz-Lippitt, The Tablet, 28 October 2022; «Speriamo di tenere ancora per qualche anno Francesco, i suoi successori concluderanno le sue riforme» dice il cardinale Kasper by Franca Giansoldati, Il Messaggero, Città del Vaticano, domenica 11 Dicembre 2022, 15:06; Un giorno continueremo i nostri discorsi in cielo by Walter Kasper, L'Osservatore Romano, giovedì 5 gennaio 2023; Il cardinale Kasper: “Benedetto santo subito? In cielo non c’è l’alta velocità. Bergoglio non si dimette" by Iacopo Scaramuzzi, la Repubblica, Città del Vaticano, 08 Gennaio 2023 16:19; El cardenal Kasper: “Hay fanáticos de Benedicto XVI que se han apropiado de su discurso” by José Beltrán, Vida Nueva Digital, 19/01/2023; Il cardinale Walter Kasper compie 90 anni domenica 5 marzo. I porporati ultranovantenni saranno 26, Il Sismografo, giovedì 2 marzo 2023; Il cardinale Kasper mette in guardia la Chiesa tedesca contro uno scisma, Il Sismografo, lunedì 6 marzo 2023.


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(171) 12. DEGENHARDT, Johannes Joachim
(1926-2002)

Birth. January 31, 1926, Schwelm, diocese of Essen (before archdiocese of Paderborn), Germany. Second of the seven children of Julius Degenhardt and his wife Elly. His siblings were Marianne, Werner, Ulrich, Elisabeth, Norbert and Brigitte.

Education. He studies philosophy at the Seminary of Paderborn; theology at the Theological Seminary of Münich; and obtained a doctorate in theology at the Seminary of Würzburg.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 6, 1952 Paderborn. Prefect of the Theological Seminary of Paderborn, 1959. Further studies, Würzburg. Pastor of the student parish, Paderborn, 1965. Dean of the deanate "Hochstift", 1966.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Vico di Pacato and appointed auxiliary of Paderborn, March 12, 1968. Consecrated, May 1, 1968, cathedral of Sankt Liborio, Paderborn, by Cardinal Lorenz Jäger, archbishop of Paderborn, assisted by Franz Hengsbach, bishop of Essen, and by Paul Nordhues, titular bishop of Cos, auxiliary of Paderborn. His episcopal motto was Surrexit Dominus vere. Vicar capitular of Paderborn, July 3, 1973. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Paderborn, April 4, 1974. Attended the Fourth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977; the II Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Liborio, February 21, 2001.

Death. July 25, 2002, in the early morning, suddenly, of cardiac related problems, in the archiepiscopal palace of Paderborn. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent Mons. Bruno Theodor Kresing, Vicar General of Paderborn a telegram of condolence (1). In the days that followed, thousands passed by the cardinal's body, lying in state in the Bartholomäuskapelle in Paderborn. The funeral took place on the following August 3, in the metropolitan cathedral of Paderborn, in the presence of nine cardinals: Henrik Gulbinowicz of Breslau, Karl Lehmann of Mainz, Franciszek Macharski of Cracow, Joachim Meisner of Cologne, Joseph Ratzinger of the Roman Curia, Leo Scheffczyk of Münich, Adrianus Simonis of Utrecht, Georg Sterzinsky of Berlin and Friedrich Wetter of Münich und Freising, together with over 60 archbishops and bishops from all over the world and numerous state guests. Buried in the crypt of the metropolitan cathedral of Paderborn. On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of his death, the square in front of Padernborn’s City Library was officially renamed Kardinal-Degenhardt-Platz in his honor.

Bibliography. Redaktion. "Degenhardt, Johannes Joachim." Die Bischöfe der deutschsprachigen Länder, 1945 2001 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Unter Mitwirkung von Franz Xaver Bischof ... [et al.] ; herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2002, p. 440-442.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Il Cardinale Degenhardt, un "pastore generoso" by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Paderborn, 25 luglio, 2022 / 10:00 AM.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

Hochwürdgstein Herrn Apostolischen Protonotar
Domkapitular Bruno Kresing
Erzbischöfliches Generalvikariat
Domplatz 3 D–33089 Paderborn
MIT TIEFER BETROFFENHEIT HABE ICH DIE NACHRICHT VOM UNERWARTETEN HEIMGANG IHRES HOCHVERDIENTEN HOCHWÜRDIGSTEN HERRN ERZBISCHOFS, JOHANNES JOACHIM KARDINAL DEGENHARDT, AUFGENOMMEN. ALS SORGENDER HIRTE HAT ER MIT VORBILDLICHER TREUE SEIT 1974 DAS ERZBISTUM PADERBORN GELEITET UND DEN CHRISTEN DEN WEG ZUR IHRER EWIGEN BESTIMMUNG GEWIESEN. VOR DEM HINTERGRUND SEINES BEWEGTEN UND VOM MUTIGEN BEKENNTNIS ZUR WAHRHEIT GOTTES GEPRÄGTEN LEBENSWEGES KONNTE DER VEREHRTE VERSTORBENE DEM KLERUS UND DEN GLÄUBIGEN GÜLTIGE ORIENTIERUNG FÜR EIN LEBEN NACH DEM LIEBESGEBOT UNSERES HERRN JESUS CHRISTUS GEBEN. DAHER WOLLTE ICH MIT SEINER ERNENNUNG ZUM KARDINAL IM LETZTEN KONSISTORIUM DAS TREUE ZEUGNIS DES PADERBORNER OBERHIRTEN FÜR DIE GANZE WELTKIRCHE SICHTBAR MACHEN. IN AUFRICHTIGER ANTEILNAHME AM DANKBAREN GEDENKEN, DAS DIE ERZDIÖZESE IHREM HOCHGESCHÄTZTEN OBERHIRTEN SCHENKT, ERBITTE ICH KARDINAL DEGENHARDT DEN VOM HERRN SELBST SEINEN TREUEN DIENERN VERHEIßENEN EWIGEN LOHN IN GOTTES HERRLICHKEIT UND ERTEILE ALLEN, DIE UM DEN VERSTORBENEN ERZBISCHOF TRAUERN, ALS UNTERPFAND REICHEN GÖTTLICHEN TROSTES DEN APOSTOLISCHEN SEGEN.
IOANNES PAULUS PP. II


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(172) 13. GONZÁLEZ ZUMÁRRAGA, Antonio José
(1925-2008)

Birth. March 18, 1925, Pujilí, diocese of Latacunga, Ecuador. Son of Luis González and Leonor Benilde Zumárraga, who were small landowners. He had seven siblings.

Education. He studied at the Minor Seminary "San Luis", Quito; at the Major Seminary "San José", Quito; at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical University, Salamanca, Spain, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law; thesis: "Problemas del Patronato Indiano a través del Gobierno Eclesiástico Pacífico de Fray Gaspar de Villarroel".

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1951, Quito, by Carlos María de la Torre, archbishop of Quito. Coadjutor of the pastor of "San Sebastián", 1951-1953; coadjutor of the pastor of "El Belén", 1953-1954. Further studies, Salamanca, 1954-1957. Vice-rector of the boarding school Borja,1957-1958. Vice-secretary of the metropolitan curia, 1958; and consecutively, faculty member of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, 1958-1960. Also, faculty member, School of Religious Science and Faculty of Philosophical-Theological Sciences. Canon of the chapter of the metropolitan cathedral, 1961-1969. Faculty member of the school "Sagrados Corazones", Rumipamba, 1964-1966. Chancellor of the archdiocesan curia, 1964-1969. Rector of the school "Nuestra Madre de la Merced", 1961-1969.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tagarata and appointed auxiliary of Quito, May 17, 1969. Consecrated, June 15, 1969, cathedral of Quito, by Cardinal Pablo Muñoz Vega, S.J., archbishop of Quito, assisted by Manuel Jesús Serrano Abad, archbishop of Cuenca, and by Bernardino Echeverría Ruiz, O.F.M., archbishop of Guayaquil. His episcopal motto was Spiritus unitate unitas caritate. Apostolic administrator of Machala, 1976-1978. Transferred to the see of Machala, January 30, 1978. Attended the Third General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979. Promoted to archbishop coadjutor, with right of succession, of Quito, June 28, 1980. Attended the Sixth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Quito, June 1, 1985. President of the Ecuadorian Episcopal Conference, 1987-1990 and 1990-1993. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Named by the Holy See primate of Ecuador, November 11, 1995. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria in Via, February 21, 2001. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, March 21, 2003. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, March 18, 2005.

Death. October 13, 2008, 5:30 a.m., at his home in Valle de los Chillos, Sangolquí, Quito, accompanied by his close relatives. The death was caused by a stomach cancer, which the cardinal had suffered for some time. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for his eternal repose and sent Giacomo Guido Ottonello, titular archbishop of Sasabe, apostolic nuncio in Ecuador, a telegram of condolence (1). His body was exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Quito, where the funeral took place on October 14, in the morning. The bishops of Ecuador, who were in the ad limina Apostolorum visit in Rome, concelebrated a mass of thanksgiving for the canonization of Narcisa de Jesús Martillo Morán, an Ecuadorian laywoman, which took place the day before, and for the eternal repose of the soul of the cardinal, in the papal Liberian basilica. The exequial mass was celebrated by the apostolic nuncio and by José Mario Ruiz Navas, archbishop emeritus of Poroviejo and former president of the Episcopal Conference of Ecuador. The late cardinal was buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 149.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

HONDAMENTE APENADO POR EL FALLECIMIENTO DEL QUERIDO CARDENAL ANTONIO JOSÉ GONZÁLEZ ZUMÁRRAGA, ARZOBISPO EMÉRITO DE QUITO, DESEO HACER LLEGAR MI MÁS SENTIDO PÉSAME AL PASTOR, A LOS OBISPOS AUXILIARES, ASÍ COMO AL CLERO Y A LOS FIELES DE ESA DE ESA IGLESIA PARTICULAR, Y TAMBIÉN A LOS FAMILIARES DEL DIFUNTO PURPURADO, UNIÉNDOME A ELLOS CON FERVIENTES ORACIONES DE SUFRAGIO PARA QUE EL SEÑOR CONCEDA SU PAZ A QUIEN HA SERVIDO TAN INTENSA Y GENEROSAMENTE A LA IGLESIA DURANTE SU MINISTERIO PASTORAL, COMO GUÍA DE LA DIÓCESIS DE MACHALA Y DESPUÉS COMO ARZOBISPO DE ESA SEDE METROPOLITANA. CON LA FE EN EL MISTERIO PASCUAL DE CRISTO QUE ILUMINA Y LLENA DE ESPERANZA LOS MOMENTOS DE DOLOR, Y EL RECUERDO DE UN PASTOR ENTREGADO HASTA SUS ÚLTIMOS DÍAS A LA MISIÓN EVANGELIZADORA, COMO PRESIDENTE HONORARIO DE LA CONFERENCIA EPISCOPAL Y PRESIDENTE DEL COMITÉ PARA EL RECIENTE CONGRESO AMERICANO MISIONERO, ENTRE OTRAS ACTIVIDADES, ME ES GRATO IMPARTIR DE CORAZÓN A CUANTOS LLORAN TAN SENSIBLE PÉRDIDA UNA ESPECIAL BENDICIÓN APOSTÓLICA.

BENEDICTUS PP. XVI


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(173) 14. DIAS, Ivan
(1936-2017)

Birth. April 14, 1936, Mumbai, then Bombay, India. Son of Carlos Nazaro Dias and Maria Martins. He was the second oldest of four children, all boys, the other brothers were Francis, Ralph and Olaf. His baptismal name was Ivan Cornelius. One of his nephews, Joe Falcao, was the head of the archdiocese of Boston St. John’s Seminary’s Finance Council.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Bombay; at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome; and at the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law. He was fluent in 17 languages.

Priest. Ordained, December 8, 1958, Bombay, by Cardinal Valerian Gracias, archbishop of Bombay. Pastoral ministry in Bombay, 1958-1961. Further studies, Rome, 1961-1964. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, December 4, 1964 (title changed to chaplain of His Holiness in 1968). Worked in the secretariat of State preparing the visit of Pope Paul VI to the International Eucharistic Congress of Bombay in 1964. From 1965 to 1973, secretary of nunciatures in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Finland, Indonesia, Madagascar, La Reunion Island, Comore Island and Mauritius. From 1973 to 1982, in the secretariat of State, he was head of the section for the Soviet Union, the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria, China, Viet Nâm, Laos, Cambodia, South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Zambia, Kenya and Tanzania.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Rusubisir and appointed pro-nuncio in Ghana, Togo and Benin, May 8, 1982. Consecrated, June 19, 1982, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, secretary of State, assisted by Achille Silvestrini, titular archbishop of Novaliciana, secretary of the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church, and by Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, archbishop emeritus of Bangalore, secretary of the S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples. His episcopal motto was Servus. Nuncio in Korea, June 20, 1987. Nuncio in Albania, October 28, 1991. Apostolic administrator of the apostolic administration of Southern Albania, 1992-1996. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Bombay, November 8, 1996; occupied the post until his appointment as prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, May 20, 2006. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 14, 1998.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of Spirito Santo alla Ferratella, February 21, 2001. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, March 10, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001; president delegate. Special papal envoy to the celebrations programmed in Tirana, April 25, 2003, for the 10th anniversary of the papal visit to Albania. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005; by papal appointment. Named prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Urbanian University, May 20, 2006, resigning at the same time the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Bombay. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the centennial of the evangelization of Ghana, which took place in Navrongo on April 23, 2007. Special papal envoy to the opening of the Jubilee Year for the 150th anniversary of the apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to St. Bernadette Soubirous, in the Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes, France, December 8, 2007. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the New Christian Millennium in Ethiopia, which took place in Addis Abeba from May 2 to 4, 2008, in the occasion of the Ethiopian National Eucharistic Congress. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World". Special papal envoy to the closing celebrations of the Jubilar Year of the Church in Việt Nam (in the 350th anniversary of the creation of the first two apostolic vicariates and the 50th anniversary of the institution of the Catholic hierarchy), held in the Marian Shrine of La Vang on January 4 to 6, 2011. On May 10, 2011, the pope accepted his resignation from the post of prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and the grand chancellorship of the Pontifical Urbanian University for having reached the age limit. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on April 14, 2016.

Death. June 19, 2017, at 8 p.m., of hypertension and severe diabetic complications, from which he had suffered for many years, in Rome. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent Mr. Francis Dias, brother of the late cardinal, a telegram of condolence (1). On Wednesday June 21, 2017, at 3 p.m., in the Altar of the Cathedra of the Vatican Basilica, took place the Exequial Liturgy which was celebrated by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, together with the other cardinals, archbishops and bishops. At the end of the Eucharistic Celebration, the pope presided over the rite of the Ultima Commendatio and the Valedictio. According to his wish, he was buried in Rome. Burial was in the Chapel of the Congregation of Propaganda Fide in Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Press Office of the Holy See; photograph and biography by C.S., Find a Grave; photograph, arms and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Variety of experience gives cardinal from India high profile, Catholic News Service, Apr-1-2005; Il Cardinale Dias compie 80 anni, gli elettori scendono a 115 by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 14 aprile, 2016 / 10:00 AM; Cardinal Ivan Dias passes away in Rome, video, Rome Reports, 2017-06-19; Morto il card. Ivan Dias. Papa: un pastore saggio e gentile, by Alessandro De Carolis, Radio Vaticana, 2017-06-20; Experienced diplomat, Indian Cardinal Dias dies at 81 by Carol Glatz, Vatican City, National Catholic Reporter, Catholic News Service, June 20, 2017; El Papa lamenta la muerte de Cardenal que ayudó a reconstruir la Iglesia en Albania by Miguel Pérez Pichel, ACI, Vaticano, 20 Jun. 17 / 06:44 am; Indian Cardinal Ivan Cornelius Dias dies, ucanews.com, June 21, 2017; El Papa da último adiós a Cardenal Dias, Prefecto Emérito de Evangelización de los Pueblos by Miguel Pérez Pichel, ACI, Vaticano, 21 Jun. 17 / 11:31 am; Vatican - The missionary zeal of Cardinal Dias, recalled by Pope Francis, Agenzia Fides, Vatican City, Wednesday, 21 June 2017; Sul cammino delle beatitudini. Celebrati nella basilica vaticana i funerali del cardinale Dias, L'Osservatore Romano, 22 giugno 2017; El Papa da la última bendición en el funeral del cardenal indio, Ivan Dias, Zenit, Ciudad del Vaticano, 22 junio 2017.

(1) This is the text of the telegram of condolence, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

To Mr Francis Dias
Deeply saddened to learn of the death of your dear brother, I offer heartfelt condolences to you and the Dias family. I recall with gratitude the late Cardinal’s years of faithful service to the Apostolic See, especially his contribution to the spiritual and physical reconstruction of the suffering Church in Albania and the missionary zeal demonstrated in his work as Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. I likewise unite my prayers to those of the faithful of the Archdiocese of Bombay, where the pastoral concern and broad apostolic vision that marked his service as Archbishop are fondly remembered. In union of prayer with all who mourn his passing in the sure hope of the Resurrection, I commend the soul of this wise and gentle pastor to the merciful love of God our heavenly Father and cordially impart my Apostolic Blessing as a pledge of consolation and peace in the Lord.

FRANCISCUS PP.

Analogous telegram was sent by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, secretary of State


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(174) 15. AGNELO, Geraldo Majella
(1933-

Birth. October 19, 1933, Juiz de Fora, Mina Gerais, Brazil. Third of the eight children of António and Sylvia Spagnolo. He was baptized on February 11, 1934 in the church of São Mateus in Juiz de Fora. His godparents were António José Ribeiro Pinto e Maria José de Oliveira Pinto, who supported his priestly studies.

Education. Completed his elementary studies at the institute Santos Anjos of the Carmelite Sisters of the Divine Providence from 1942 to 1944; then, he did his liceale course at Santo António Minor Seminary, Juiz de Fora, from 1945 to 1947; in 1948, he continued his studies at São Paulo Minor Seminary of Pirapora do Bom Jesus, directed by the Fathers Premostratense; at this time, his family moved to São Paulo; in 1951, he started his studies in philosophy at the Imaculada Conceição do Ipiranga Central Seminary, São Paulo; e obtained the degree in philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Mogi das Cruzes; in 1954, he started his theological studies at the Theological faculty Nossa Senhora da Assunção of São Paulo; in 1957, he obtained the degree in that discipline. Later, from October 1967, he studied at the Liturgical Institute of the Pontifical Athenaeum of S. Anselmo, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in theology with specialization in sacred liturgy on December 3, 1969 with a thesis entitled "Servitus nel Sacramentario veronese. Significato e Dottrina, Contributo alla conoscenza del significato teologico del servizio liturgico".

Priesthood. Ordained, June 27, 1957, metropolitan cathedral of São Paulo, by António Maria Alves de Siqueira, titular archbishop of Calcide di Siria, coadjutor of São Paulo. From the beginning of 1958, he was collaborator in Santo António parish, in Barra Funda, São Paulo. From 1958 to 1959, he was spiritual director and professor in the pre-seminary Santo Curato d'Ars, for adult vocations, in the Freguesia do Ó, São Paulo. Assistant to the Feminine Catholic Student Youth. Notary of the Ecclesiastical Tribunal of São Paulo. Director and faculty member of the Philosophical Seminary of the archdiocese of São Paulo in Aparecida from 1960 to 1963. Named canon of the cathedral chapter of São Paulo by Cardinal Carlos Carmelo de Vasconcellos Motta, archbishop of that see, at the beginning of 1964 until 1978; he was also ceremoniere of the cathedral. Spiritual director and professor of theology at the Central Seminary Imaculada Conceição do Ipiranga, São Paulo, from 1964 to 1967; at the same time, he was professor of philosophy at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo. Further studies, Rome, 1967-1969; during his stay in that city, he resided at Pontificio Collegio Pio Brasiliano, participating every week in the program of Vatican Radio for Brazil, entitled "Liturgia e Vita"; and collaborating pastorally in the parish of San Clemente Papa in the neighborhood of Montesacro. When he returned to Brazil, he was coordinator of diocesan pastoral and professor of theology from 1970 until 1974. During that period, he was professor of liturgical and sacramental theology at the Theological Institute Pio XI, at the Major Seminary João XXIII, and at the Theological Faculty Nossa Senhora da Assunção of São Paulo, of which he was rector from 1974 until 1978.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Toledo, Brazil, May 14, 1978. Consecrated, August 6, 1978, cathedral of Nossa Senhora Assunção e São Paulo, São Paulo, by Cardinal Paulo Evaristo Arns, O.F.M., archbishop of São Paulo, assisted by Benedito de Ulhoa Vieira, archbishop of Uberaba, and by Angelico Sandalo Bernardino, titular bishop of Tambee, auxiliary of São Paulo. His episcopal motto is Caritas cum fide. He was co-founder, rector and professor of the Faculty of Human Sciences "Arnaldo Busato" of Toledo. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Londrina, October 4, 1982. From 1983 until 1987, he was president of the Liturgical Commission of the National Conference of Brazilian Bishops (CNBB). In April 1991, during the Plenary Assembly of the Latinamerican Episcopal Council celebrated in Buenos Aires, he was elected president of the Department of Liturgy. Named secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments on September 16, 1991. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992; by papal appointment. On June 3, 1994, he was named member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America. Nominated member of the Central Committee for the Grand Jubilee of 2000, March 17, 1995; president of its Liturgical Commission. On October 30, 1997, he was named member of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congress. Transferred to the metropolitan see of São Salvador da Bahia, January 13, 1999. From May 1999 until May 2003, he was second vice-president of the Latinamerican Episcopal Council (CELAM). Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. He published the books Liturgia, Serviço Cultural do povo de Deus, sentido e Doutrina de Servitus no Sacramentário Veronense; Os Sacramentos e o Mistérios do Santo Ambrósio; Pastoral do Batismo. Subsídios Teológico-litúrgicos; as well as articles for Brazilian journals, especially Revista de Liturgia e Teologia em Diálogo; and in Italian liturgical publications such as Notitiae and L'Osservatore Romano, daily edition.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Gregorio Magno alla Magliana Nuova, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Elected president of the Episcopal Conference of Brazil for four years, May 5, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Named one of the three presidents of the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place in Aparecida, Brazil, from May 13 to 31, 2007. On January 12, 2011, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The pope named new metropolitan archbishop of that see Murilo Sebastião Ramos Krieger, S.C.I., until then archbishop of Florianópolis. Cardinal Agnelo was apostolic administrator until the installation of his successor on March 25, 2011. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on October 19, 2013.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Presidência da CNBB pede orações pela saúde do cardeal Geraldo Majjela Agnelo, arcebispo emérito de São Salvador (BA), 06/01/2023.


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(175) 16. RUBIANO SÁENZ, Pedro
(1932-

Birth. Tuesday September 13, 1932, Cartago, Colombia.

Education. Studied at the Major Seminary of Popayán (philosophy); at the University of Laval, Québec, Canada (theology); at The Catholic University of America, Washington, United States of America (Catechetics); and at "Instituto Tecnológico Superior Los Andes de Estudios Sociales" (LADES), Santiago de Chile, Chile (social doctrine of the Church).

Priesthood. Ordained, July 8, 1956, at the chapel of Seminary San Pedro, Cali, by Julio Caicedo y Téllez, archbishop of Cali. Pastoral ministry, Cali, 1956-1971, as vicar cooperator of the parish of "San Fernando Rey"; pastor and founder of the parishes of "San Pedro Claver" and of "Nuestra Seóora de la Providencia"; chaplain of the military school of aviation "Marco Fidel Suárez"; chaplain of the national school "Santa Librada"; chaplain of the Clinic "Nuestra Señora de los Remedios", treasurer and pastoral vicar of the archdiocese of Cali; vice-rector of the Major School "Santiago di Cali".

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Cúcuta, June 2, 1971. Consecrated, July 11, 1972, Cali, by Angelo Palmas, titular archbishop of Vibiana, nuncio to Colombia, assisted by Alberto Uribe Urdaneta, archbishop of Cali, and by Alfredo Rubio Díaz, archbishop of Nueva Pamplona. His episcopal motto is Caritas Christi urget nos. Promoted to archbishop coadjutor, with right of succession, of Cali, March 26, 1983. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Cali, February 7, 1985. President of the Episcopal Conference of Colombia, 1990-1993 and 1993-1996. Apostolic administrator of Popayón, April 1990 to January 1991. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Transferred to the metropolitan and primatial see of Bogotó, December 27, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of Trasfigurazione di Nostro Signore Gesù Cristo, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. President of the Colombian Episcopal Conference, 2002-2005 and 2005-2008. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Participated in the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place from May 13 to 31, 2007, in Aparecida, Brazil. Resigned the pastoral government of the metropolitan see of Bogotá in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law, on July 8, 2010. He was apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor, Archbishop Rubún Salazar Gómez, on August 13, 2010. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on September 13, 2012.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana.


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(176) 17. MCCARRICK, Theodore Edgar
(1930-

Birth. July 7, 1930, New York, United States of America. Son of Theodore Egan McCarrick, a ship captain who died of tuberculosis when he was three years old, and Margaret McLaughlin.

Education. Studied at the Seminary "Saint Joseph", Dunwoodie, New York; at the Catholic University of America, Washington, where he obtained a master's in history and a doctorate in sociology. Besides his native English, he also speaks French, German, Italian and Spanish.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 31, 1958, New York, by Cardinal Francis Joseph Spellman, archbishop of New York. Further studies, Washington, 1958-1963; during his vacations, directed the Institute for Spanish Studies, Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, established to propagate the knowledge of Spanish language and Puerto Rican culture among the priests and religious of the New York area. From 1961-1963, dean of students, Catholic University of America and faculty member of the Graduate School and the College of Arts and Sciences; assistant to the president and first Director of Development. President of the Catholic University of Puerto Rico, October 1965 to 1969; had an active participation in several educational institutions of Puerto Rico. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, November 10, 1965 (title changed to Prelate of Honor, 1968). Secretary adjunct for Education in the archdiocese of New York and pastoral ministry at the Most Blessed Sacrament parish, 1969-1971; founded the Cardinal's Committee for Education and the Inner City Scholarship Fund, to promote the education of the poor particularly among minorities. Secretary to Cardinal Terence James Cooke, archbishop of New York, 1971-1977.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Rusubisir and appointed auxiliary of New York, May 24, 1977. Consecrated, June 29, 1977, New York, by Cardinal Terence James Cooke, archbishop of New York, assisted by John Joseph Maguire, titular archbishop of Tabalta, coadjutor of the archbishop of New York, and by Patrick Vincent Ahern, titular bishop of Naiera, auxiliary of New York. In the same ceremony were consecrated Austin Bernard Vaughan, titular bishop of Cluain Iraird, auxiliary of New York; and Francisco Garmendia, titular bishop of Limisa, auxiliary of New York. His episcopal motto is Come Lord Jesus. Named Episcopal vicar for Education and vicar of East Manhattan and the Harlems. Transferred to newly established see of Metuchen, New Jersey, November 19, 1981. Promoted to metropolitan see of Newark, May 30, 1986. Attended Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; president of the Commission for the message; elected member of the post-synodal council. Superior of the sui iuris mission of Turks and Caicos. Member of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, 1999-2001. Transferred to metropolitan see of Washington, November 21, 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received red biretta and title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, February 21, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. His resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese was accepted on May 16, 2006, in conformity to canon 401§ 1 of the Code of Canon Law. Apostolic administrator of the metropolitan see of Washington, May 16 to June 22, 2006. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years of age on July 7, 2010. On June 20, 2018, he was removed from ministry after an investigation found credible allegations that he sexually abused a teenager 47 years ago while serving as a priest in New York. The Cardinal, while maintaining his innocence, accepted this decision in obedience to the Holy See. On July 28, 2018, Pope Francis accepted his resignation as a member of the College of Cardinals and ordered his suspension from the exercise of any public ministry, together with the obligation to remain in a house yet to be indicated to him, for a life of prayer and penance until the accusations made against him are examined in a regular canonical trial. He resided at St. Fidelis Friary in Victoria, diocese of Salina, Kansas, home to five Franciscan Capuchin priests and a brother until the beginning of January 2020 when he moved to a residential community of priests who have been removed from ministry which is in an undisclosed location. On February 16, 2019, he was expelled from the clerical state by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, in a move confirmed by Pope Francis.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana;

2000
Newark Prelate to Head Washington Archdiocese by Laurie Goodstein, The New York Times, NOV. 22, 2000; 2008 Cardinal McCarrick continues service to peace, the poor, Catholic Standard, Thursday, May 29, 2008 3:15 AM;
2013
«Todavía no es tiempo para un Papa americano» by Domenico Agasso Jr., Vatican Insider, pubblicato il 04/03/2013, ultima modifica il 05/03/2013 alle ore 09:48;
2014
Globe-trotting Cardinal Theodore McCarrick is almost 84 and working harder than ever by David Gibson Religion News Service, Jun. 21, 2014, National Catholic Reporter;
2015
Cardinal McCarrick: Why we can applaud the Iran deal in good faith, The Washington Post, July 16, 2015; Cardinal ordains 5 new priests, YouTube, published on Jul 21, 2015;
2018
Abuse allegation against Cardinal McCarrick found credible, The Boston Pilot, 6/20/2018; Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, former archbishop of Washington, has been removed from ministry after a sex abuse allegation, The Washington Post, Jun 20, 2018, 9:43 AM; Retired Washington cardinal out of ministry after credible abuse allegation by Heidi Schlumpf, National Catholic Reporter, Jun 20, 2018; Abuse Allegations Against Cardinal Theodore McCarrick Are ‘Credible’, by Elise Harris, National Catholic Register, CNA/EWTN News, New York, Jun. 20, 2018; President of U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops Offers Statement on Cardinal Theodore McCarrick Announcement, US Catholic Bishops, June 20, 2018; American Cardinal Accused of Sexually Abusing Minor Is Suspended From Ministry by Laurie Goodstein, The New York Times, June 20, 2018; El Papa suspende del ministerio al cardenal McCarrick, de 88 años, por presuntos abusos, Ecclesia Digital, 20 de junio de 2018; Cardinal McCarrick's 60 years of ministry in church had global impact, Catholic News Service, Washington, 6.20.2018 4:51 PM ET; Cardinal Theodore McCarrick Steps Down Amid Abuse Accusation, CBS New York, June 20, 2018 at 11:01 am; Cardinal removed from public ministry after sex abuse allegation by Daniel Burke, CNN, Wed June 20, 2018, updated 5:53 PM ET; Pena canónica para el Cardenal McCarrick por abuso sexual, vaticannews.va, 20 junio 2018, 18:33; Cardinal McCarrick's history in DC, the Catholic Church, YouTube, published on Jun 20, 2018; Cardinal McCarrick: What Did the Vatican Know and When?, by Joan Desmond, National Catholic Register, Jun. 21, 2018; New York Archdiocese posts timeline on cardinal’s ministry, abuse claim, Crux, Catholic News Service, Jun 21, 2018; USA: Vatikan suspendiert früheren Erzbischof vom Priesteramt, vaticannews.va, 21 Juni 2018, 09:16; What’s Next for Cardinal McCarrick? How the Church Addresses Sex-Abuse Allegations by Ed Condon, National Catholic Register, Catholic News Agency, Jun. 21, 2018; Cardinal McCarrick Accused: Critics Demand Answers in Wake of Abuse Claims by Joan Frawley Desmond, National Catholic Register, New York, Jun. 29, 2018; He Preyed on Men Who Wanted to Be Priests. Then He Became a Cardinal by Laurie Goodstein and Sharon Otterman, The New York Times, July 16, 2018; New revelation surfaces about cardinal; editorials take church to task by Mark Pattison, The Boston Pilot, CNS, 7/20/2018; Cardinal Theodore McCarrick is the target of new allegations of sexual misconduct by Michelle Boorstein and Julie Zauzmer, The Washington Post, July 22 at 7:14 PM; McCarrick, the Bishops and Unanswered Questions by J.D. Flynn, Catholic News Agency, Washington, Jul. 24, 2018; Abuse survivor says McCarrick failed to act on complaint about priest by Peter Feuerherd, National Catholic Reporter, Jul 27, 2018; McCarrick renounces place in College of Cardinals after revelations of sexual abuse by Joshua J. McElwee and Heidi Schlumpf, National Catholic Reporter, Jul 28, 2018; Pope accepts resignation of Cardinal McCarrick from College of Cardinals by Hannah Brockhaus, The Boston Pilot, CNA/EWTN News, Vatican City, Jul 28, 2018; El Papa acepta la renuncia de McCarrick como cardenal, Ecclesia Digital, 28 de julio de 2018; Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, facing sexual abuse reports, resigns from the College of Cardinals by Julie Zauzmer and Chico Harlan, The Washington Post, July 28 at 6:25 PM; EEUU: Dimisión de Mons. Theodore McCarrick, Zenit, julio 29, 2018; Three things that should happen now that McCarrick is no longer a cardinal by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Jul 30, 2018; Catholic leaders react to McCarrick resignation from College of Cardinals by Michael J. O’Loughlin, America, the Jesuit Review, July 30, 2018; Texas Bishop: Hold McCarrick and His Enablers Accountable by Kevin Jones, National Catholic register, CNA/EWTN News, Fort Worth, Texas, Jul. 30, 2018; Catholic Universities Withdraw Honorary Degrees From McCarrick, National Catholic Register, CNA/EWTN News, Aug. 1, 2018; Politicians thought they knew the cardinal among them. They didn’t by Paul Kane August, The Washington Post, August 2, 2018 at 5:18 PM; What Would a Brother Bishop Say to Ex-Cardinal McCarrick? by Father Raymond J. de Sousa, National Catholic Register, Aug. 1, 2018; With McCarrick scandal, #MeToo arrives for the church by Father Peter Daly, National Catholic Reporter, Aug 6, 2018; Bishop: Lay Faithful, not Bishops, Must Investigate McCarrick and Coverup by Peter Jesserer Smith, National Catholic Register, Aug. 7, 2018; McCarrick scandal illustrates the harm clericalism has done to church by Russell Shaw, The Boston Pilot, Wednesday, August 8, 2018; Young Catholics Release Open Letter on McCarrick, Call for Investigation by Christine Rousselle, National Catholic Register, CNA, Washington, Aug. 8, 2018; The McCarrick mess by Bishop Robert Barron, The Boston Pilot, Thursday, August 9, 2018; Abuse accusations bring scrutiny for McCarrick's charity fund by Kevin Jones, Catholic News Agency, Washington D.C., Aug 10, 2018 / 04:41 pm; US bishops call for apostolic visitation into McCarrick abuse case by Brian Roewe, National Catholic Reporter, Aug 16, 2018; Obispos de Estados Unidos piden al Vaticano investigar el caso McCarrick, ACI Prensa, 16 de agosto de 2018 2:21 pm; New Allegations Surface Regarding Archbishop McCarrick and Newark Priests by Ed Condon, National Catholic Register, CNA, Newark, Aug. 17, 2018; Where Did Cardinal McCarrick Live After Alleged Vatican Sanctions? by Ed Condon, National Catholic Register, Washington, Aug. 27, 2018; ‘Retired’ Cardinal McCarrick Traveled the Globe During Francis' Papacy by Joan Frawley Desmond, National Catholic Register, Sep. 3, 2018; Letter confirms Vatican officials knew of McCarrick allegations in 2000 by Robert Duncan and Junno Arocho Esteves, The Boston Pilot, Vatican City, CNS, 9/7/2018; Three Key Questions About the Vatican’s McCarrick Investigation by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, Sep. 12, 2018; Archbishop McCarrick's unofficial role in Vatican-China relations by Courtney Grogan, The Boston Pilot, CNA, Vatican City, Sep 17, 2018; Statement on Archbishop Theodore McCarrick’s Residence, Archdiocese of Washington, September 28, 2018; Former Cardinal McCarrick living at Kansas friary by Heidi Schlumpf, National Catholic Reporter, Sep 28, 2018; 1st U.S. cardinal ousted over sex abuse to live ‘life of prayer and penance’ in Kansas by Judy L. Thomas, The Kansas City Star, September 28, 2018 11:43 AM; Holy See Press Office Communiqué concerning the accusations regarding the conduct of Archbishop Theodore Edgar McCarrick, 06.10.2018; Vatican reviewing McCarrick case, vows to pursue truth no matter what by Juno Arocho Esteves, The Boston Pilot, Vatican City, CNS, 10/6/2018; Vatican Announces Review of Archbishop McCarrick Files, Yet No Apostolic Visitation by JD Flynn, National Catholic register, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Oct. 6, 2018; Pope Francis Orders New, ‘Thorough Study’ of Archbishop McCarrick by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Oct. 6, 2018; McCarrick case: Vatican starting to acknowledge mistakes by Cindy Wooden, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Vatican City, 10/8/2018; Getting Closer to the Truth About McCarrick’s Misconduct by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, Oct. 26, 2018; Archbishop McCarrick and 'Dallas 2' by Ed Condon, Catholic News Agency, Washington D.C., Nov 1, 2018 / 02:15 pm; Bishops Discuss McCarrick in Baltimore: ‘What Are People to Make of Our Silence?’ by Ed Condon, National Catholic Register, Baltimore, Nov. 15, 2018; USCCB Votes Down Resolution Encouraging Holy See to Release McCarrick Files, National Catholic Register, CNA/EWTN News, Baltimore, Nov. 15, 2018; NCR's Newsmaker of the Year: Theodore McCarrick by NCR Editorial Staff, National Catholic Reporter, Dec 20, 2018; Presunta víctima de abusos de ex Cardenal McCarrick da su testimonio al Vaticano, ACI Prensa, 28 de diciembre de 2018 5:21 pm; Indagine canonica su McCarrick: a New York la testimonianza di una vittima by Alessandro Gisotti, vaticannews.va, 29 dicembre 2018, 11:17; Pedofilia, accusa all’ex cardinale McCarrick: sesso in confessionale by Domenico Agasso Jr, Vatican Insider, 30/12/2018;
2019
Analysis: The non-trial of Theodore McCarrick by Ed Condon, The Boston Pilot, CNA, Vatican City, Jan 7, 2019; In New Letter, Archbishop Viganò Calls on McCarrick to Publicly Repent by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Jan. 14, 2019; La moral suasion di Viganò a McCarrick: “Si penta pubblicamente dei suoi crimini” by Salvatore Cernuzio, Vatican Insider, 14/01/2019 alle ore 21:07; McCarrick might be 'laicized' this week. What's that? by JD Flynn, The Boston Pilot, CNA, Denver, Colo., Feb 12, 2019; McCarrick removed from the priesthood after being found guilty of abuse by Cindy Wooden, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Vatican City, 2/16/2019; Cardinal O'Malley's statement on defrocking of Archbishop McCarrick, The Boston Pilot, 2/16/2019; Vaticano condena al excardenal McCarrick por abusos sexuales y lo expulsa del sacerdocio, ACI Prensa, 16 de febrero de 2019 8:14 am; Pope Francis defrocks ex-Cardinal Theodore McCarrick over sex abuse allegations by Frances D'Emilio and Nicole Winfield, Associated Press, USA Today, Feb. 16, 2019, 4:59 a.m. ET; Holy See: McCarrick dismissed from the clerical state for abuse, vaticannews.va, 16 February 2019, 09:49; Pope Defrocks Theodore McCarrick, Ex-Cardinal Accused of Sexual Abuse by Elizabeth Dias and Jason Horowitz, The New York Times, Feb. 16, 2019; McCarrick, expulsado del sacerdocio, Ecclesia Digital, 16 de febrero de 2019; In the U.S., a sobering mood after news of McCarrick's laicization by Rhina Guidos, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Washington, 2/16/2019; McCarrick removed from the priesthood after being found guilty of abuse by Cindy Wooden, The Boston Pilot, CNA, Vatican City, 2/16/2019; Expulsión de McCarrick del sacerdocio fue tratada en Consejo de Cardenales, ACI Prensa, 20 de febrero de 2019 10:13 am; Georgetown University rescinds honorary degree from McCarrick by Rhina Guidos, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Washington, 2/20/2019; Priest says McCarrick admitted sharing bed with seminarians in letter to Vatican official by Ed Condon, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, May 28, 2019 / 01:54 pm; Analysis: One Year After McCarrick, What's Next For The Church by JD Flynn, National Catholic Register, CNA, Jun. 20, 2019; One Year Since the McCarrick Allegations: A Timeline, National Catholic Register, Catholic News Agency, Washington, Jun. 20, 2019; Disgraced Ex-Cardinal ‘Mr. McCarrick’ Remains at Kansas Friary, One Year Later by Kevin Jones, National Catholic Register, CNA, Denver, Jun. 20,2019; At one-year mark, McCarrick saga remains a story of lights and shadows by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Jun 20, 2019; What Do Jeffrey Epstein, Harvey Weinstein and Theodore McCarrick Have in Common? by Jennifer Roback Morse, National Catholic Register, Jul. 10, 2019; No Answers from Washington Archdiocese About McCarrick’s Money by Ed Condon, National Catholic Register, CNA, Jul. 13, 2019; Ex-cardinal letters show signs of grooming victims for abuse by Nicole Winfield, Crux, Associated Press, Aug 6, 2019; Theodore McCarrick Still Won’t Confess by Ruth Graham, Slate, Victoria, Kansas, Sept 03, 2019 11:37 AM; McCarrick rompe il silenzio: “Non sono così cattivo come mi dipingono” by Salvatore Cernuzio, Vatican Insider, 04 Settembre 2019; Laicized cardinal, in interview, continues to deny abuse allegations by Mark Pattison, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Washington, 9/4/2019; Seton Hall investigation finds McCarrick harassed seminarians, The Boston Pilot, CNS, South Orange, N.J., 9/5/2019; ‘No One Ever Talked About McCarrick and the Boys’, National Catholic Relgister, Catholic News Agency, Washington, Oct. 17, 2019; McCarrick: Foundation ‘Irresponsible’ to Question Controversial Vatican Grant by Ed Condon, Catholic News Agency, Washington D.C., Nov 6, 2019 / 03:40 pm; Lawsuit: Ex-Cardinal McCarrick abused boy in Newark in 1990s by David Porter, Associated Press, ABC News, December 2, 2019, 9:05 PM; Lawsuit: McCarrick victim told pope of sex abuse in 1988, Crux, Associated Press, Newark, New Jersey, Dec 6, 2019; US bishops in Rome ask Pope Francis about McCarrick report by Courtney Mares, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Dec 13, 2019 / 09:56 am; McCarrick and theological dissent in the Sixties: Observations of a contemporary by John F. Kippley, The Catholic World Report, December 13, 2019; US-Bischof: Vatikan-Bericht zu McCarrick kommt bald, vaticannews.va, 15 Dezember 2019, 13:51; Analysis: Action on pontifical secrecy widely praised, but US Catholics still waiting on McCarrick by JD Flynn, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Dec 17, 2019 / 03:22 pm; Disgraced former cardinal McCarrick gave more than $600,000 in church funds to powerful clerics, records show by Shawn Boburg, Robert O'Harrow Jr. and Chico Harlan, The Washington Post, December 26 2019 at 10:44 PM; McCarrick gifts for bosses expose flaws of Vatican practice by Thomas Reese, Religious News Service, December 30, 2019;
2020
The Other Side of the McCarrick Case. The Vatican Supreme Court Against Trials Without Guarantees and Without Theology by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 07 gen 2020; Theodore McCarrick has moved from Kansas friary by JD Flynn and Ed Condon, Catholic News Agency, Denver, Colo., Jan 7, 2020 / 11:00 am; Analysis: Why the McCarrick report could be delayed by JD Flynn, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Jan 8, 2020 / 02:33 pm; FBI interviewed Papal Foundation staff about McCarrick by Ed Condon, Catholic News Agency, January 8, 2020; McCarrick report: Questions needing answers by Father Thomas Reese, S.J., National Catholic Reporter, Feb 4, 2020; McCarrick report expected soon but pope has last word: Vatican official by Philip Pullella, Reuters, February 6, 2020 / 2:17 PM; McCarrick was a ‘devourer of souls,’ former priest secretary tells parish, Catholic News Agency, Washington D.C., Feb 15, 2020 / 04:08 pm; Alleged Theodore McCarrick victim says he is helping fact-check abuse dossier, Catholic News Agency, Jun 10, 2020 / 03:30 pm MT; Two years since McCarrick allegations: A CNA timeline, Catholic News Agency, by Christine Rousselle, Catholic News Agency, Washington D.C., Jun 19, 2020 / 07:00 pm MT; Theodore McCarrick, the Blessed Mother and Pope St. John Paul II by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, Jun. 24, 2020; 'Pray for Your Poor Uncle,' a Predatory Priest Told His Victims by Elizabeth Bruenig, New York Times, July 15, 2020; New sex abuse accusation surfaces against former cardinal Theodore McCarrick by Rhina Guidos, America, The Jesuit Review, Catholic News Service, July 22, 2020; Defrocked Cardinal McCarrick Accused Of Leading Sex Ring At Jersey Shore Beach House by Jon Craig, Essex Daily Voice, 07/23/2020 1:21 p.m.; Eradicating the McCarrick Virus, National Catholic Register, Jul. 24, 2020; Abusi, nuove accuse contro l’ex cardinale McCarrick. La Santa Sede lavora al report sul caso by Salvatore Cenuzio, Vatican Insider, Città del Vaticano, 24 Luglio 2020 16:07; New Abuse Lawsuit Filed Concerning Former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick by Joseph H. Saunders, Los Angeles Legal Examiner, Aug 3, 2020; Editorial: It's past time for Vatican report on McCarrick's shameful rise, National Catholic Reporter, Aug 11, 2020; Newark archdiocese bought second beach house for use by McCarrick, Catholic News Agency, Sep 9, 2020 / 11:30 am MT; Vatican report on disgraced ex U.S. cardinal McCarrick expected this month - sources by Philip Pullella, Reuters, Vatican City, November 5, 20206:12 AM; Vatican's report on ex-cardinal McCarrick expected within weeks by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 5, 2020; Vatican announces McCarrick Report will be published on Nov. 10 by Rhina Guidos, America, The Jesuit Review, Catholic News Service, Wahington, November 06, 2020; Analysis: After McCarrick report, US bishops have Zoom meeting by JD Flynn for CNA, The Catholic World Report, November 6, 2020; The McCarrick Report: don't get your hopes up by Robert Mickens, La Croix International, Vatican City, November 7, 2020; Caso McCarrick: El informe del Vaticano será publicado el próximo martes by Anita Bourdin, Zenit, noviembre 08, 2020 10:30; McCarrick: What’s known about the abusive US ex-cardinal by Nicole Winfield, Crux, Associated Press, Nov 9, 2020; The Vatican's McCarrick report: a roster of likely figures by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Rome, Nov 9, 2020; The Vatican's McCarrick report: a timeline of events by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Rome, Nov 9, 2020; Vatican to release McCarrick report Tuesday, spans 1930-2017 by Nicole Winfield, ABC News, Associated Press, November 6, 2020, 5:03 PM; The Vatican's McCarrick report: a timeline of events by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Rome, Nov 9, 2020; Vatican says Pope John Paul II was aware of misconduct allegations against ex-cardinal McCarrick nearly 2 decades before his removal by Chico Harlan, Washington Post, Rome, November 10, 2020 at 8:00 a.m. EST; Francis trusted John Paul and Benedict on McCarrick, report says by Elise Ann Allen, Crux, Rome, Nov 10, 2020; A reader’s guide to McCarrick report: Beware of bad guys, smoking guns by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Nov 10, 2020; ‘Who’s Who’ profiles of key figures in the McCarrick saga by Elise Ann Allen, Crux, Rome, Nov 10, 2020; Francis trusted John Paul and Benedict on McCarrick, report says by Elise Ann Allen, Crux, Rome, Nov 10, 2020; What the McCarrick report tells us about the culture of the hierarchy by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 10, 2020; Vatican's explosive McCarrick report largely places blame on John Paul II by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Vatican City, Nov 10, 2020; Vatican report finds Pope John Paul II dismissed sex abuse by ex-Cardinal McCarrick – but goes easy on Pope Francis by John Bacon, USA Today, Nov 10, 2020 5:20 p.m. ET; The McCarrick Report: Full Text and a Vatican Summary by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Vatican City, November 10, 2020; REPORT ON THE HOLY SEE’S INSTITUTIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND DECISION-MAKING RELATED TO FORMER CARDINAL THEODORE EDGAR MCCARRICK (1930 TO 2017) Prepared by the Secretariat of State of the Holy See, Vatican City State, 10 November 2020; McCarrick Report: Catholics ‘Shocked, Saddened, Scandalized and Angered,’ US Bishops Say, National Catholic Register, Washington, November 10, 2020; McCarrick Report encourages Church to learn from past experiences, La Croix International, November 10, 2020; Informe McCarrick: Católicos en EE. UU. estén sorprendidos y escandalizados, afirman obispos, ACI Prensa, 10 de noviembre de 2020 12:23 PM; Informe McCarrick: Editorial de Andrea Tornielli, Zenit, noviembre 10, 2020 14:39; Informe McCarrick: La investigación encargada a monseñor Viganò by Anita Bourdin, Zenit, noviembre 10, 2020 18:27; Cardinal O'Malley releases statement on McCarrick report, The Boston Pilot, 11/10/2020; U.S. Catholic leaders react to the McCarrick report, America, The Jesuit Review, Catholic News Service November 10, 2020; Vatican’s McCarrick Report reveals crucial gaps in Archbishop Vigano’s ‘testimony’ by Junno Arocho Esteves, America, The Jesuit Review, Catholic News Service, Vatican City, November 10, 2020; The McCarrick Report: No Smoking Gun, but Massive System Failure by George Weigel, The Catholic World Report, November 10, 2020; Rapport McCarrick : ce que savaient Paul VI, Jean Paul II, Benoît XVI et François by Hugues Lefèvre and Claire Guigou, Aleteia, Publié le 10/11/20; JPII Biographer: ‘Pathological’ McCarrick ‘Lied to’ the Pope by Ed Condon, National Catholic Register, CNA, Washington, November 10, 2020; McCarrick Report encourages Church to learn from past experiences, La Croix International, Vatican City, November 10, 2020; McCarrick report cites lack of serious investigations of rumors by Cindy Wooden, UCA News, Catholic News Service, November 11, 2020 05:15 AM GMT; Will McCarrick report lead to further discipline, policy changes? by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 11, 2020; The Three Lessons of the McCarrick Report by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 11 nov 2020; How the Vatican missed McCarrick's sex crimes, by Loup Besmond de Senneville, La Crix International, November 11, 2020; Does the McCarrick report exonerate Pope Francis? Yes and no by Michael J. O’Loughlin, America, The Jesuit Review, November 11, 2020; Timeline: The allegations against former Cardinal McCarrick by Molly Cahill, Erika Rasmussen and Kevin Christopher Robles, America, The jesuit Review, November 11, 2020; Worse than bungling, McCarrick report shows Vatican failed to take abuse seriously by Father Thomas Reese, S.J., National Catholic Reporter, Nov 11, 2020; “McCarrick giurò il falso a Wojtyla”. Svolta nel caso di pedofilia più spinoso by Domenico Agasso jr, Vatican Insider, Città del Vaticano, 11 Novembre 2020 8:11; Informe McCarrick: El Papa renueva su cercanía a las víctimas by Gabriel Sales Triguero, Zenit, noviembre 11, 2020 10:48; Così il “Rapporto McCarrick” smentisce le tesi di Viganò by Domenico Agasso jr and Salvatore Cernuzio, Vatican Insider, Città del Vaticano, 11 Novembre 2020 16:11 U.S. Church leaders point to clericalism as reason for rise of McCarrick by John Lavenburg, Crux, New York, Nov 11, 2020; US cardinals respond to McCarrick Report with sorrow and gratitude, Independent Catholic News, Nov 11th, 2020; The McCarrick Report and the need for new protocols (Part 1) by Richard Fitzgibbons, M.D., The Catholic World Report, November 11, 2020; ‘We need to look this evil in the eye’ – Clergy abuse survivors respond to McCarrick Report, The Catholic World Report, Catholic News Agency, Denver Newsroom, Nov 11, 2020 / 04:21 am; McCarrick and John Paul II: key moments in the Vatican's report by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 11, 2020; What to Make of the McCarrick Report? by Peter Steinfels, Commonweal, November 11, 2020; How the Vatican missed McCarrick's sex crimes by Loup Besmond de Senneville, La Croix International, Vatican City, November 11, 2020; Does the McCarrick report exonerate Pope Francis? Yes and no by Michael J. O’Loughlin, America, The Jesuit Review, November 11, 2020; History-making report sets a precedent the Vatican can’t walk back by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Nov 12, 2020; Victims ‘welcome’ McCarrick report, but say accountability needed by Inés San Martín, Crux, Nov 12, 2020; McCarrick whistleblower says he feels ‘vindicated’ by report by Elise Ann Allen, Crux, Rome, Nov 12, 2020; The McCarrick Report confirms it: Clericalism powered the sex abuse crisis by Sam Sawyer, S.J., America, The Jesuit Review, November 12, 2020; The McCarrick Report lacked an independent investigator. It shows, The Editors, America, The Jesuit Review, November 12, 2020; In interview with Raymond Arroyo, Viganò denies accusations from McCarrick Report, Catholic News Agency, Nov 12, 2020 / 09:15 pm MT; The McCarrick Report confirms it: Clericalism powered the sex abuse crisis by Sam Sawyer, S.J., America, The Jesuit Review, November 12, 2020; McCarrick Report: St. John Paul II was deceived about ex-cardinal, says Polish archbishop, Catholic News Agency, Nov 13, 2020 / 03:20 am MT; Polish bishops defend John Paul II after McCarrick Report by Nicole Winfield and Monika Scislowska, Associated Press, America, The Jesuit Review, Warsaw, Poland, November 13, 2020; Exclusive: EWTN’s Raymond Arroyo Interviews Archbishop Viganò About McCarrick Report National Catholic Register, November 13, 2020; The McCarrick Report’s Unanswered Questions by Michael Warsaw, Publisher's Note, National Catholic Register, November 13, 2020; The McCarrick Report Tests the Catholic Church’s Accountability by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, November 13, 2020; McCarrick report highlights weaknesses in process for vetting bishops by Cindy Wooden, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Vatican City, 11/13/2020; McCarrick report should be lesson in transparency, say canon lawyers, The Boston Pilot, CNS, 11/13/2020; The Double Agent by David Gibson, Commonweal, November 13, 2020; What to make of the McCarrick Report? by Peter Steinfels, La Croix International, November 14, 2020; Report shows ‘tragic incompetence’ on McCarrick, Barron says by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Nov 14, 2020; Critics Say McCarrick Report Evades Issue of Pervasive Homosexuality in Catholic Clergy by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Vatican City, November 14, 2020; McCarrick report highlights weaknesses in process for vetting bishops by Cindy Wooden, Crux, Rome, Nov 15, 2020; Reality of the abuse scandals now seems A Tale of Two Cardinals by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Nov 15, 2020; Agente McCarrick L'Ultimo Spretato by Maria Antonietta Calabrò, Il Fatto Quotidiano, 15 nov 2020; The McCarrick Report: Odds and ends by Christopher Altieri, The Catholic Herald, November 15, 2020 at 10:28 pm; Letter from Rome: Profiles in clericalism by Robert Mickens, UCA News, Rome, November 16, 2020 05:03 AM GMT; That Ratzinger Note McCarrick Wanted to Keep Secret. Germane As Ever by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 17 nov 2020; Big questions but brief discussion of McCarrick report at US bishops' meeting by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 16, 2020; McCarrick report dominates first day of U.S. bishops’ meeting by John Lavenburg, Crux, New York, Nov 17, 2020; McCarrick scandal shows why popes, like John Paul, should not be canonized by Father Thomas Reese, S.J., National Catholic Reporter, Nov 17, 2020; Hard lessons of the McCarrick Affair by George Weigel, The Catholic World Report, November 18, 2020; What the McCarrick report means for the Church by Greg Erlandson, The Boston Pilot, Wednesday, November 18, 2020; McCarrick, 40 anni da predatore in una chiesa che non vede le vittime e teme lo scandalo by Giovanna Chirri, giovannachirri.it, 18 novembre 2020; Asian Church must learn lessons from McCarrick report by Ben Joseph, UCA News, November 18, 2020 10:20 AM GMT; The McCarrick Report: Four villains, one saint, and many unanswered questions by Peter M.J. Stravinskas, The Catholic World Report, November 19, 2020; The McCarrick Report and the choosing of bishops by Russell Shaw, The National Catholic Report, November 19, 2020; McCarrick’s Brazen Behavior: Vatican’s Report Underscores How He Hid His Abuses in Plain Sight by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, November 19, 2020; Vatican sued over alleged sex abuse in wake of its report on disgraced ex-Cardinal McCarrick, nj.com, Nov 19, 3:59 PM; Alleging sex abuse, 4 sue Vatican over handling of McCarrick by David Porter, Yahoo News, Thu, November 19, 2020, 6:18 PM EST; McCarrick report is one small step to dismantling clerical culture by Tom Roberts, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 20, 2020; Will New Bishop Accountability Reforms Stop the Next McCarrick? by Joan Frawley Desmond, National Catholic Register, Baltimore, November 20, 2020; The McCarrick Report: A timeline, Catholic News Agency, Nov 21, 2020 / 03:22 am MT; McCarrick’s modus operandi: deceit, division, diversion, and discouragement by Ines Angeli Murzaku, The Catholic World Report, November 21, 2020; Two secular lawsuits raise deeply ecclesiastical conundra by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Nov 22, 2020; US Catholic bishops' response to McCarrick report is sad but predictable by Father Thomas Reese, S.J., National Catholic Reporter, Nov 23, 2020; Podcast: Abuse survivor Juan Carlos Cruz responds to the McCarrick Report, America, The Jesuit Review, with audio and video, November 23, 2020; Confessions of a Vatican source: Jason Berry on the McCarrick report, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 25, 2020; Former Seminary Investigator: McCarrick Was ‘Epicenter’ of Problems by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Vatican City, November 25, 2020; McCarrick Report’s Silence on Key Issues Raises More Questions Than It Answers by Jonathan Liedl News, National Catholic Register, November 25, 2020; Il caso McCarrick by Gianni Criveller, Settimana, 8 dicembre 2020; The McCarrick Report: Findings, Lessons, and Directions, Catholic Social Thought, December 10, 2020; McCarrick report shows need to focus on survivors, panel says by John Lavenburg, Crux, New York, Dec 11, 2020; The McCarrick Report leaves the Vatican perplexed by Loup Besmond de Senneville, La Croix International, Vatican City, December 11, 2020; Clearing the Air Regarding St. John Paul II and Theodore McCarrick by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, December 15, 2020; How McCarricks Happen by Stephen Bullivant and Giovanni Radhitio Putra Sadewo, Catholic Herald, April 18, 2021 at 12:19 pm; McCarrick criminally charged for abuse. Here's what you need to know, The Pillar, Jul 29, 2021; Former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick criminally charged for alleged sex abuse of a minor nearly 50 years ago by Sonia Moghe, CNN, Updated 3:00 PM ET, Thu July 29, 2021; Ex-Cardinal McCarrick charged with sexually assaulting teen, WBAL News Radio, Boston, Thursday, July 29 2021; Usa, l’ex cardinale McCarrick incriminato per pedofilia, La Stampa, 29 Luglio 2021 17:07; Ex cardenal Theodore McCarrick es acusado penalmente de abuso sexual de un menor by Joe Bukuras, Carl Bunderson, Matt Hadro, Kevin J. Jones, ACI Prensa, 29 de julio de 2021 - 5:40 PM; Defrocked cardinal Theodore McCarrick charged with sexually assaulting teenager in 1970s by Shelley Murphy, The Boston Globe, July 29, 2021, 8:57 p.m.; L’ex cardinale McCarrick incriminato per abusi su minori negli Stati Uniti by Andrea Gagliarducci, ACI Stampa, Washington, 30 luglio, 2021 / 11:00 AM; La vida en Puerto Rico del excardenal que acaba de ser acusado de abuso sexual de menores, El Vocero, 30/07/2021; Ex-cardinal Theodore McCarrick criminally charged with abusing a 16-year-old by John Lavenburg, Crux, New York, Jul 30, 2021; Most Catholics have no idea who former Cardinal McCarrick is. That’s a problem. Kerry Weber, America, The Jesuit Review, August 04, 2021; Statute of limitations ‘pause’ allows criminal case against McCarrick to proceed by John Lavenburg, Crux, New York, Aug 5, 2021; New Sex-Abuse Lawsuit Names Theodore McCarrick, Father Michael Barrett by Matt Hadro and Christine Rousselle, Catholic News Agency, Washington D.C., Aug 4, 2021 / 14:06 pm; McCarrick’s first court date is next week. Here’s what to expect, The Pillar, August 23, 2021; Ex-cardinal Theodore McCarrick to be arraigned for past sex assault of teen in Massachusetts court by Michelle Boorstein and Kurt Shillinger, BishopAccountability.org, Bosto, MA, September 2, 2021; Theodore McCarrick's court hearing is tomorrow: What to expect by Matt Hadro, Catholic News Agency, Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Sep 2, 2021 / 16:35 pm; Lawsuits bring additional sexual battery allegations against Theodore McCarrick by Jonah McKeown, Catholic News Agency, Newark, N.J., Sep 2, 2021 / 18:19 pm; Breaking: Former cardinal Theodore McCarrick makes first court appearance, pleads not guilty by Joe Bukuras and Christine Rousselle, Catholic News Agency, Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Sep 3, 2021 / 07:48 am; Former Cardinal McCarrick pleads not guilty to sex assault by Alanna Durkin Richer, National Catholic Reporter, Sep 3, 2021; Former Cardinal McCarrick pleads not guilty; two more lawsuits filed by Rhina Guidos, The Boston Pilot, Washington, 9/3/2021; McCarrick pleads not guilty, bail set, in assault trial, The Pillar, September 3, 2021; Theodore McCarrick, the highest ranking priest charged in clergy abuse scandal, arraigned on sexual assault charges by Shelley Murphy and John R. Ellement, The Boston Globe, Deadham, September 3, 2021, 12:24 p.m.; In McCarrick arraignment, activists see new phase in accountability push by John Lavenburg, Crux, New York, Sep 4, 2021, with audio; Former cardinal Theodore McCarrick makes first court appearance, pleads not guilty by Joe Bukuras and Christine Rousselle, Catholic News Agency, Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Sep 3, 2021 / 07:48 am; Lawsuit: Defrocked Cardinal McCarrick abused man in 1980s by David Porter, Crux, Sep 17, 2021; Judge: Newark archdiocese can be held liable for McCarrick's misconduct by Jonah McKeown, Catholic News Agency, Newark, N.J., Oct 1, 2021 / 15:44 pm; Judge: Newark archdiocese can be held liable for McCarrick’s misconduct by Jonah McKeown, The Catholic Telegraph, Newark, N.J., Oct 1, 2021 / 15:44 pm; Former cardinal McCarrick to face next court hearing on Dec. 21 by John Lavenburg, Crux, Dedham, Mass., Oct 28, 2021; Pretrial hearing is held in McCarrick case; second hearing will be Dec. 21, Catholic News Service, Deadham, Mass., October 29, 2021; Defrocked Cardinal McCarrick named in s ex abuse lawsuit by David Porter, AP News, November 23, 2021; Prosecution of ex-Cardinal McCarrick takes next step in Massachusetts by John Lavenburg, Crux, Dedham, Mass., Dec 22, 2021, with audio;
2022
Court sets March date for former Cardinal McCarrick's hearing by Rhina Guido, National Catholic Reporter, Washington, Jan 4, 2022; NJ state probe is 'impediment' to McCarrick records release, The Pillar, January 15, 2022; Two-year-old lawsuit accusing Theodore McCarrick of repeatedly raping boy still pending in NJ by Shannon Mullen, Catholic News Agency, Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Aug 5, 2022 / 18:00 pm; McCarrick case drags on a year after his arraignment in Massachusetts by John Lavenburg, Crux, New York, Sep 9, 2022; Cardinal McCarrick and Bishop Belo — On sexual abuse, has anything really changed? by JD Flynn, The Pillar, September 29, 2022 . 7:31 PM;
2023
McCarrick’s lawyers say he’s not competent to stand trial by Joe Bukuras, Catholic News Agency, Dedham, Mass., Jan 17, 2023 / 16:43 pm; Prosecutors challenge medical report finding McCarrick not competent to stand trial by Damien Fisher, OSV News, The Boston Pilot, Dedham, Mass., Monday 27th of February 2023; Ex-Cardinal McCarrick asks court to dismiss sex assault case by Alanna Durkin Richer, AP News, February 27, 2023; Ex-Cardinal McCarrick Asks for Dismissal of Sex Abuse Case Against Him, Citing Dementia by Joe Bukuras, National Catholic Register, February 27, 2023; Ex-Cardinal McCarrick asks court to dismiss sex assault case by Alanna Durkin Richer, Crux, Associated Press, Boston, Feb 28, 2023; McCarrick denies sex abuse charges in telephone interview by Joe Bukuras, Catholic News Agency, Boston, Mass., Mar 6, 2023 / 10:45 am; Breaking: Former cardinal Theodore McCarrick charged with sexual assault in Wisconsin by Joe Bukuras, Catholic News Agency, Boston, Mass., Apr 17, 2023 / 10:01 am; Ex-Cardinal McCarrick charged with sexual assault in Wisconsin by John Lavenburg, Crux, New York, Apr 18, 2023; Ex-cardinal McCarrick faces second criminal sex charge, this one in Wisconsin by Michelle Boorstein, The Washington Post, April 18, 2023 at 3:50 p.m. EDT, with audio; Alleged victim of Theodore McCarrick says ex-cardinal abused him for years by Kevin J. Jones, Catholic News Agency, Denver, Colo., Apr 18, 2023 / 16:38 pm.


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(177) 18. CONNELL, Desmond
(1926-2017)

Birth. March 24, 1926, Phibsboro, archdiocese of Dublin, Ireland. He was baptized on March 29, 1926, in the church of Saint Paul on Arran Quay, Dublin.

Education. Studied at St. Peter's National School, Phibsboro; at Belvedere College Dublin; at Holy Cross College (Diocesan Seminary), Dublin; at the University College, Dublin (bachelor of arts in 1946; and master of arts in 1947); at the Seminary of Maynooth, Maynooth (doctorate theology in 1950) from 1947 to 1951; and at Louvain University, Louvain, Belgium (doctorate in philosophy) from 1951 to 1953.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 19, 1951, by Archbishop John Charles McQuaid of Dublin. Further studies, Louvain, 1951-1953. Chaplain to three communities of contemplative sisters, the Poor Clares, Donnybrook, 1953-1955; the Carmelites, Drumcondra, 1955-1966 and the Carmelites in Blackrock from 1966. From 1953, also worked in the Department of Metaphysics, University College Dublin; professor of General Metaphysics, 1972; and elected dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology, 1983; re-elected three years later. For his published work he was awarded the degree of Doctor in Letters by the National University of Ireland in 1981. Member of the Irish Hierarchy's theological commission, and of the Diocesan Committee on Ecumenism. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, August 20, 1984.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Dublin, January 21, 1988. Consecrated, March 6, 1988, pro-cathedral of St. Mary, Dublin, by Gaetano Alibrandi, titular archbishop of Binda, nuncio to Ireland, assisted by Joseph A. Carroll, titular bishop of Questoriana, vicar general of Dublin, and by Brendan Oliver Comiskey, bishop of Ferns. His episcopal motto was Secundum Verbum Tuum. Elected vice-president of the Irish Episcopal Conference. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the First Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994; the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Silvestro in Capite, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-October 27, 2001. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese for having reached the age limit, in conformity with canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law, April 26, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, March 24, 2006. He was criticized for lack of action and for making misleading statements in connection with the sex abuse by priests in his archdiocese.

Death. February 21, 2017, in the early morning, in his sleep, in Dublin. He had been ill for some time. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop Diarmuid Martin of Dublin (1). The funeral Mass was presided by Archbishop Martin and concelebrated by most of the country's hierarchy joined by the papal nuncio, Charles John Brown, titular archbishop of Aquileia. After the Mass, the cardinal’s remains were taken in procession to a crypt in the cathedral vault where he was buried alongside six of his recent predecessors.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; biography, in English, Wikipedia; and his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Episcopal Ordination of Desmond-Connell, Irish Photo Archive, 1988; his portrait by Conor Walton, Collection of the Irish Pontifical College, Rome; Tributes paid to Cardinal Desmond Connell, RTÉ, Monday 26 April 2004 23.21; Personal Statement of His Eminence, Desmond Cardinal Connell, Archbishop Emeritus of Dublin, archdiocese of Dublin, 26/11/09; Ireland's Cardinal Desmond Connell apologises for church sex abuse, The Telegraph, 27 Nov 2009 8:00AM GMT; Time for Cardinal Connell to do penance for his sins, independent.ie, 28 November 2012 02:33 PM.

(1) This is the text of the legram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

To the Most Reverend Diarmuid Martin
Archbishop of Dublin
I was deeply saddened to learn of the death of Cardinal Desmond Connell, and I extend my heartfelt condolences to you and to the clergy, religious and lay faithful of the Archdiocese. Recalling with gratitude Cardinal Connell’s years of generous priestly and episcopal ministry to the Archdiocese of Dublin, and his many contributions to the Church in Ireland, especially in the area of philosophical studies, I join you in commending his soul to the merciful love of Almighty God. In the sure hope of the Resurrection, I cordially impart my Apostolic Blessing upon all who mourn the late Cardinal, as a pledge of consolation and peace in the Lord Jesus.

FRANCISCUS PP.

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(178) 19. BAČKIS, Audrys Juozas
(1937-

Birth. February 1, 1937, Kaunas, Lithuania. Second son of Dr. Stasys Antanas Bačkis and Ona Galvydaité-Bačkiené, a teacher. He has an older brother, Ričardas, who was a diplomat and prolific publicists. In 1938, he went with his parents to Paris, where his father was a diplomat at the Lithuanian Embassy. Because of the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, the family could not go back and he had to wait fifty years to be able to visit his country in 1988.

Education. He finished his secondary education at the Institute Saint-Marie-de-Monceau in Paris in 1954. Entered the Theological Seminary of Saint-Sulpice of the archdiocese of Paris in Issy-les-Moulineaux, where he studied philosophy. In 1957, he went to Rome and studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University, where he obtained a licentiate in theology; while in Rome, he lived in the Lithuanian College of St. Casimir. From 1964, he attended the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, studying diplomacy; then, he attended the Pontifical Lateran University, where he earned a doctorate in canon law. Besides his native Lithuanian, he speaks Italian, English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. He understands German and Dutch.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 18, 1961, Rome, by Cardinal Luigi Traglia, vicar general for Rome and its district. Incardinated in the archdiocese of Kaunas. Pastoral care of Lithuanian communities in the United States. Further studies, Rome, 1964. Entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See, 1964. Secretary of the nunciature in the Philippines (1964-1965); in Costa Rica (1965-1967); in Turkey (1967-1970); in Nigeria (1970-1973). Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, June 26, 1965 (title changed to chaplain of His Holiness, 1968). Called to the Council of Public Affairs of the Church at the Secretariat of State, 1973. Delegate of the Holy See at the United Nations Conference in Vienna, 1975. Vice-secretary of the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church, 1979. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, June 18, 1979. From 1974 pastoral ministry in different parishes in Rome, especially working with young people and families, giving retreats and running many debating groups. From 1979, he taught diplomatic law at the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Meta, with personal title of archbishop, and appointed nuncio in the Netherlands, August 5, 1988. Consecrated, October 4, 1988, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Cardinal Achille Silvestrini and by Juozas Praikšas, titular bishop of Egnazia, apostolic administrator of Kaunas. His episcopal motto is Sub tuum praesidium. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Vilnius, December 24, 1991. Took possession of the see on March 3, 1992. Received the pallium from Pope John Paul II on June 29, 1992, at the patriarchal Vatican basilica. From September 4 to 8, 1993, he hosted Pope John Paul II in Lithuania. President of the Lithuanian Bishops' Conference, 1993-1999 and 2002-2005; vice-president, 1999-2002; and 2005-2013. In 1997 he was decorated with the cross of merit, second class, of the Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Norway (Den Kongelege Norske Fortenstordenen). Received an honorary doctorate from the Pedagogical University of Vilnius on April 30, 1997. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. On February 16, 2000, he was decorated with the cross of merit, first class, of the Order of Merit of "Gediminas" of the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos didžiojo kunigaikščio Gedimino ordino Komandoro kryžius).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of Natività di Nostro Signore Gesù Cristo a Via Gallia, February 21, 2001. Member of the Congregation for Catholic Education; of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications; of the Pontifical Commission for Cutural Patrimony; and of the Special Council for Europe of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops. On February 3, 2003, he was decorated with the cross of merit, first class, of the Order of Merit of "Vytautas Magnus" of the Republic of Lithuania (Vytauto Didžiojo ordino Didysis kryžius). Received an honorary doctorate from the Pontifical Theological Faculty of Kraków on May 13, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. His resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Vilnius was accepted by Pope Francis on April 5, 2013. He was apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor, Gintaras Linas Grušas, until then military ordinary of Lithuania, on April 23, 2013. On June 15, 2013, he was named special papal envoy to the celebrations for the 1025th anniversary of the "baptism" of the Rus', programmed in Kyiv, Ukraine, on August 17 and 18, 2013. He was confirmed as member of the Congregation for Catholic Education on November 30, 2013. Participated in the 14th General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, which took place at the Vatican from October 4 to 25, 2015 on the theme "The vocation and mission of the family in the Church and in the contemporary world". Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on February 1, 2017.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Lithuanian, Lithuanian Bishops' Conference; photograph and biography, in English, Lithuanian Bishops' Conference; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photographs and biography, in Italian, Santi e Beati; photograph and biography, in Spanish, ACI Prensa; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Gli 80 anni del Cardinale Bačkis: gli elettori scendono a quota 119 by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Vilnius, 01 febbraio, 2017 / 9:00 AM; Cardinal Backis: Lithuania awaiting Pope Francis with great joy, Vatican News, 21 September 2018, 15:28, with audio.


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(179) 20. ERRÁZURIZ OSSA, ISch., Francisco Javier
(1933-

Birth. September 5, 1933, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Second of the six children of Pedro Errázuriz Larraín and Marta Ossa Ruiz. The other siblings were María Angélica, Pedro Pablo, Margarita María, Carmen Gloria and Juan Eduardo.

Education. Primary and secondary studies at Liceo Alemán, Santiago; in 1951 he entered the Faculty of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago (diploma in superior mathematics); for 8 years, member of the Student Center and of Federation of Students and joined university groups of the nascent Movement of Schönstatt. Befriended the Servant of God Mario Hiriart and with him and other students originated this Marian apostolic movement in Chile. State University of Fribourg, Switzerland (philosophy and doctorate in theology). Besides his native Spanish, he speaks Italian, German and French.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 16, 1961, Fribourg, by Manuel Larraín Errázuriz, bishop of Talca. Further studies, Fribourg, 1961-1962. In October 1962 met José Kentenich, founder of the secular Institute of Fathers of Schönstatt, whose spiritual paternity he considers a special gift from God. From 1963 to 1965, consultor of communities of youth and university students in several cities in Chile. Named Regional Superior in Chile of the Secular Institute of Fathers of Schönstatt, 1965-1971. From Chile directed the community of the institute in the Iberian peninsula and in Ecuador. As Regional Superior, participated in the Conference of Religious in Chile and was elected its vice-president. During those years worked with Cardinal Raúl Silva Henríquez, who had welcomed the Institute, then in its organizational phase, in his archdiocese. Member of the General Council of the Institute, Germany, 1971-1974. Superior general of the Institute and president of the International Council of the Work of Schönstatt 1974; reelected in 1980 and 1986. Because of his post, he conducted multiple pastoral visits to Europe, America, Africa and Australia.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Hólar and appointed secretary of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life, December 22, 1990. Consecrated, January 6, 1991, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Justin Francis Rigali, titular archbishop of Bolsena, secretary of the Congregation for Bishops. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Jean-Louis Tauran, Vinko Puljić and Julián Herranz Casado. His episcopal motto is Ut vitam habeant. Attended Ninth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2-29, 1994, by papal appointment. Archbishop-bishop of Valparaíso, Chile, September 24, 1996. Attended Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16-December 12, 1997. Transferred to metropolitan see of Santiago de Chile, April 24, 1998. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, 1998. Elected president of the Episcopal Conference of Chile for three years, November 20, 1998; reelected, November 16, 2001. Elected first vice-president of Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM), May 13, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received red biretta and title of S. Maria della Pace, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Member of the Academy of Social, Political and Moral Sciences of the Institute of Chile, Santiago, December 19, 2002. Elected president of the Episcopal Council of Latin America (CELAM), for the term of 2003- 2007, May 16, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005; by papal appointment. Named one of the three presidents of the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place in Aparecida, Brazil, from May 13 to 31, 2007. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the centennial of the diocese of Catamarca, Argentina, which took place on August 21, 2010. On December 15, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Santiago de Chile, presented in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The pope named new metropolitan archbishop Ricardo Ezzati Andrello, S.D.B., until then archbishop of Concepción. Cardinal Errázuriz was apostolic administrator of the see until the installation of his successor on January 15, 2011. The cardinal said farewell to the faithful on the previous January 8. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. On April 13, 2013, he was named by Pope Francis member of a group of cardinals to advise him in the government of the universal Church and to study a plan for revising the apostolic constitution on the Roman Curia, Pastor Bonus. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on September 5, 2013. On March 29, 2014, he was confirmed as member of the Pontifical Council for Culture until the expiration of his mandate. On June 14, 2014, he was named special papal envoy to the Third World Apostolic Congress of Mercy (WACOM III), programmed to be celebrated in Bogotá, Colombia, from August 15 to 19, 2014. On July 11, 2015, he was named special papal envoy to the Sixth National Eucharistic Congress of México that was celebrated in Monterrey from September 9 to 13, 2015. On November 15, 2018, he left the Council of Cardinals, the papal advisory committee.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Cardinal blames Barros interviews for bad press during pope's Chile visit by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Mar 9, 2018; Víctimas de Karadima presentan querella contra Cardenal Errázuriz, ACI Prensa, 26 de octubre de 2018 7:42 pm; Karadima victims file complaint against Cardinal Errázuriz, Catholic News Agency, Santiago, Chile, Nov 1, 2018 / 03:29 pm; Errazuriz lascia il C9: a Roma per congedarmi e ringraziare il Papa by Salvatore Cernuzio, Vatican Insider, Città del Vaticano, 15/11/2018 alle ore 17:24; Chilean cardinal called to testify on abuse case, leaves papal advisory committee, Catholic News Agency, CNA/EWTN News, Santiago, Chile, Nov 15, 2018 / 05:29 pm; Cardenal Errázuriz confirma su salida del Consejo de Cardenales, ACI Prensa, 15 de noviembre de 2018 6:01 pm; Pope Francis removes two cardinals embroiled in sex abuse scandals from advisory council by Gerard O’Connell, America, the Jesuit Magazine, December 12, 2018; Chile: Cardenal Errázuriz declara como imputado por encubrimiento de abusos, ACI Prensa, 28 de marzo de 2019 5:08 pm; Presence of disgraced cardinals at ordination of new bishop causes uproar in Chile by Inés San Martín, Crux, Rome, Jun 24, 2019; Transeúntes increparon a Francisco Javier Errázuriz en centro de Santiago by David Muñoz, adnradio.cl, 04/12/2019, with video; Cardenal Errázuriz habría pedido a Cardenal Ratzinger rectificar carta sobre P. Kentenich, ACI Prensa, 3 de agosto de 2020 8:17 pm; Juan Carlos Cruz, víctima de Karadima: «Errázuriz debería estar tras las rejas y Ezzati también, por todo lo que han encubierto» El Desconcierto, 11.04.2021; Ñuñoa revoca la calidad de hijo ilustre de la comuna al cardenal Francisco Javier Errázuriz, Agenda de Prensa, 5 Ene, 2022; Cardenal Errázuriz le responde a Presidente Gabriel Boric: "Hasta los mandatarios se pueden equivocar", El Mostrador, 15 marzo, 2022.


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(180) 21. TERRAZAS SANDOVAL, C.SS.R., Julio
(1936-2015)

Birth. March 7, 1936, Vallegrande, diocese of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.

Education. Joined the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) in Chile, 1952; studied at the Redemptorist Seminary of San Bernardo, Chile; then, at the Novitiate of Salta, Argentina; made his religious profession in 1957; continued his studies at the Redemptorist Institute, Córdoba, Argentina (philosophy and theology); and at EMACAS University, France (social pastoral).

Priesthood. Ordained, July 29, 1962. Superior of the Redemptorist community of Vallegrande; vicar foraneo until 1978.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Apisa maggiore and appointed auxiliary of La Paz, April 15, 1978. Consecrated, June 8, 1978, church of Santo Nombre de Jesús, Vallegrande, by Cardinal José Clemente Maurer, C.SS.R., archbishop of Sucre, assisted by Giuseppe Laigueglia, titular archbishop of Elie, nuncio in Bolivia, and by Jorge Manrique Hurtado, archbishop of La Paz. His episcopal motto was Servidor de todos. Attended the Fifth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. Transferred to the see of Oruro, January 9, 1982. Attended the Second Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8,1985. President of the Episcopal Conference of Bolivia, 1985-1991 and 1998-2005; also, its vice-president. Attended the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, February 6, 1991. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992; the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giovanni Battista de' Rossi, February 21, 2001. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the Tenth National Eucharistic Congress of Argentina that took place in Corrientes, September 2 to 5, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Elected president of the Episcopal Conference of Bolivia in 2006; reelected in 2009. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. On May 25, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, in accordance to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. He was succeeded by Sergio Alfredo Gualberti Calandrina, until then archbishop coadjutor of that same archdiocese. Confirmed as member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on January 15, 2014.

Death. December 9, 2015, at 7:15 p.m. in his home in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent a telegram of condolence to the archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Sergio Alfredo Gualberti Calandrina (1). Burial took place on Friday December 11 in the metropolitan cathedral of Santa Cruz (2).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photographs and biography, in Spanish, Sitio web del Cardenal Julio Terrazas; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Bolivia: Fallece el cardenal Julio Terrazas by Iván de Vargas, Zenit, 10 diciembre 2015; Julio Terrazas Sandóval fue el primer cardenal nacido en Bolivia, Página Siete, La Paz, Bolivia, Jueves 13 de Julio | 16:42 hs; Iglesia Católica en Santa Cruz recordará con una misa, 5 años del fallecimiento del Cardenal Julio, eju!, 06/12/2020.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

Mons. Sergio Alfredo Gualberti Calandrina
Arzobispo de Santa Cruz de la Sierra
PROFUNDAMENTE APENADO POR EL FALLECIMIENTO DEL QUERIDO CARDENAL JULIO TERRAZAS SANDOVAL, ARZOBISPO EMÉRITO DE SANTA CRUZ DE LA SIERRA, EXPRESO MI MÁS SENTIDO PÉSAME A LOS PASTORES, AL CLERO Y A LOS FIELES DE ESA IGLESIA PARTICULAR, UNIÉNDOME A ELLOS CON FERVIENTES ORACIONES DE SUFRAGIO PARA QUE EL SEÑOR CONCEDA SU PAZ A QUIEN CON LA LUZ DE LA FE Y LA FUERZA DE LA ESPERANZA SE MANTUVO FIEL AL MINISTERIO RECIBIDO, Y CON GENEROSIDAD Y VALENTÍA ENTREGÓ SU VIDA AL SERVICIO DEL EVANGELIO, LA JUSTICIA Y LA PAZ. EN ESTOS MOMENTOS DE INEVITABLE DOLOR HUMANO, QUE EL MISTERIO CERCANO DE LA VENIDA DEL SEÑOR LLENA DE ESPERANZA, INVOCO LA MATERNAL INTERCESIÓN DE LA VIRGEN MARÍA, E IMPARTO DE CORAZÓN A CUANTOS LLORAN TAN SENSIBLE PÉRDIDA LA BENDICIÓN APOSTÓLICA.
FRANCISCUS PP.

(2) This is the text of the inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:
“SERVIDOR DE TODOS”
Card. Julio Terrazas Sandoval CSsR
* 7 marzo 1936 † 9 de diciembre 2015


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(181) 22. NAPIER, O.F.M., Wilfrid Fox
(1941-

Birth. March 8, 1941, Swartberg, diocese of Kokstad, South Africa. Of a family of seven children, five boys and two girls, who remain close to this day.

Education. Joined the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans), Ireland, 1960; studied at the Franciscan Noviatiate, Killarney; at the University of Galway, where he obtained a bachelor's in letters; at Louvain University, Belgium, where he earned a master's in arts and bachelors' in philosophy and theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 25, 1970, cathedral of Kokstad, by John Evangelist McBride, O.F.M., bishop of Kokstad. Pastoral ministry in the parish of Lusikisiki (1971-1973); and in the parish of Tabankulu (1973-1978). Learned several African languages of his area. Apostolic administrator of the diocese of Kokstad, May 15, 1978 to 1980.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Kokstad, November 29, 1980. Consecrated, February 28, 1981, St. Patrick's cathedral, Kokstad, by Denis Eugene Hurley, O.M.I., archbishop of Durban, assisted by Dominic Khumalo, titular bishop of Capo della Foresta, and by Andrew Brook, bishop of Umtata. His episcopal motto is Pax et bonum. Attended the Sixth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. President of the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference (SACBC), 1987-1994, the critical years when the country abolished apartheid and elected its first black president, Nelson Mandela. Attended the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Outspoken defender of human rights. Member of the Council of the Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, 1989- . Promoted to metropolitan see of Durban, May 29, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; president of the Commission for Social Communications. Apostolic administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of Umzimkulu, August 1, 1994. Honorary doctorate in jurisprudence, National University of Ireland, 1995. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 14, 1998; by papal appointment. President of the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference (SACBC), 1999-2007.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Francesco d'Assisi ad Acilia, February 21, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Named member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, February 3, 2007. Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World"; its second president-delegate. Named member of the Pontifical Council for Health Workers on March 21, 2012. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. He was named member of the Council for the Economy for a quinquennium on March 8, 2014. He was confirmed as member of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life on March 29, 2014. Participated in Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 19, 2014, on the theme "The pastoral challenges of the family in the context of the Evangelization". He was named one of the presidents delegate of the 14th General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops that was celebrated in the Vatican from October 4 to 25, 2015, on the theme "The vocation and the mission of the family in the Church and in the world", on November 21, 2014. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on March 8, 2021. On June 9, 2021, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Durban. To succeed him the pope named Mandla Siegfried Jwara, C.M.M., until then titular bishop of Elefantaria di Proconsolare and apostolic vicar of Ingwavuma.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B., André and Charles N. Bransom. "Franciscan bishops." Franciscan Studies, XLVIII (1988), 319.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; South African Cardinal: Why Mandela is so revered, listen to the extended interview with Cardinal Napier, Vatican Radio, 2012-07-18; Interview with Cardinal Wilfrid Napier, Salt and Light, Oct. 7, 2014; Napier says Kasper is not the 'Pope's theologian', by Andrea Gagliarducci for CNA/EWTN News, International, April 10, 2015; South African cardinal praises Couples for Christ, UCA News, June 30, 3017; Cardenal Napier denuncia “táctica” de la BBC para minar la moralidad cristiana by Walter Sánchez Silva, ACI Prensa, Roma, 22 Ago. 17 / 11:02 am; South African cardinal slates BBC's 'anti-Christian campaign’, La Croix International, August 24, 2017; Actividad homosexual golpea a la Iglesia hasta la raíz, denuncia Cardenal by Walter Sánchez Silva, ACI Prensa, 24 de agosto de 2018 11:29 a.m; Briefing Sinodo. Card. Napier: rappresentare meglio l’Africa e i suoi giovani by Alessandro Di Bussolo, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 13 ottobre 2018, 15:44; African prelate calls Synod of Bishops so far too ‘Eurocentric’ by Christopher White, Crux, Oct 13, 2018; Südafrika: Kardinal fordert staatliche Hilfe für Kirchen, Vatican News, 24 Mai 2020, 14:08; COVID-19 en África: Cardenal Napier expone lo que la Iglesia está llamada a hacer by Deborah Castellano Lubov, Zenit, julio 21, 2020 17:01; Sacro Collegio, il Cardinale Napier compie 80 anni by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Durban, 08 marzo, 2021 / 9:00 AM; Oggi, 8 marzo, il Cardinale Wilfred Fox Napier compie 80 anni, Il Sismografo, lunedí 8 marzo 2021; Cardinal Napier - ‘The Church in Africa has arrived!’, The Pillar, Mar 24, 2021; Cardinal Napier - ‘We depend on God’, The Pillar, Mar 25, 2021; Sudafrica, il Cardinale Napier lascia Durban per raggiunti limiti di età by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 09 giugno, 2021 / 1:00 AM; Former Durban Archbishop sets out to raise R15-million for the 15-million minutes he served, East Coast Radio, Aug. 15, 2021, 7:51 a.m.; Cardinal Napier on Desmond Tutu: the activist, the brother, the pastor by Linda Bordoni, Vatican News, 01 January 2022, 07:00, with audio; Breaking: International Coalition of Bishops Offers ‘Fraternal Letter of Concern’ to German Episcopacy Over ‘Synodal Path’ by Jonathan Liedl, National Catholic Register, April 12, 2022; Cardenales y obispos alertan riesgo de cisma de la Iglesia en Alemania by Walter Sánchez Silva, ACI Prensa, 12 de abril de 2022 3:28 pm; Cardinal Napier: "Walk of Witness" reaches out to South Africa's flood victims by Linda Bordoni, Vatican News, 27 April 2022, 17:42, with audio; Líder de la Iglesia en África responde al Cardenal McElroy y al P. James Martin by David Ramos, ACI Prensa, 4 de febrero de 2023 / 3:01 p. m.; Cardinal in Africa Condemns “outlawing prayer” in UK ahead of Coronation of Charles III, ACI Africa, Durban, 04 May, 2023 / 8:55 pm.


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(182) 23. RODRÍGUEZ MARADIAGA, S.D.B., Óscar Andrés
(1942-

Birth. December 29, 1942, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Third of the four children of Andrés Rodríguez Palacios and Raquel Maradiaga; the other siblings were Jorge, Hortensia and Mario. His paternal grandfather, Jesús María Rodríguez Orellana, was minister of education. His twin brother Jorge Rodríguez Maradiaga, an engineer and mayor of Tegucigalpa, died on February 12, 2023. His last name is also listed as Maradiaga only in some sources.

Education. Studied at the Salesian "Instituto San Miguel", Tegucigalpa, 1949-1960 (elementary and secondary education); joined the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco); sent to El Salvador to initiate his Salesian formation; solemn profession, May 3, 1961; Institute "Don Rua", San Salvador, El Salvador (doctorate in philosophy); later studied at the Pontifical Salesian Athenaeum, Rome (doctorate in theology); at the Alphonsian Academy of Moral Theology (incorporated into the faculty of the Pontifical Lateran University in 1960), Rome (doctorate in moral theology); at the University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (diploma in clinical psychology and psychotherapy). In the Conservatory of San Salvador, he studied piano; and studied harmony and musical composition in Guatemala and in Newton, N.J., United States of America. Besides his native Spanish, he also speaks English, French, Italian, German and Portuguese.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 28, 1970, Guatemala, by Girolamo Prigione, titular archbishop of Lauriaco, nuncio in Guatemala and El Salvador. Professor of sacred music for 13 years; professor of chemistry, Salesian school "Don Bosco", Guatemala, 1971-1972; professor of moral theology and ecclesiology, Salesian Theological Institute, Guatemala, 1971-1975; secretary of the Theological Faculty of the University "Francisco Marroquín", Guatemala, 1974-1976; rector of the Salesian Philosophical Institute, Guatemala, 1975-1978.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Pudenziana and appointed auxiliary of Tegucigalpa, October 28, 1978. Consecrated, December 8, 1978, Tegucigalpa, by Gabriel Montalvo, titular archbishop of Celene, nuncio to Honduras, assisted by Hector Enrique Santos Hernández, S.D.B., archbishop of Tegucigalpa, and by Miguel Obando Bravo, S.D.B., archbishop of Managua. His episcopal motto is Mihi vivere Christus est. Named apostolic administrator of the diocese of Santa Rosa de Copán, 1981-1984. Attended the Sixth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; by papal appointment. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; by papal appointment. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Promoted to metropolitan see of Tegucigalpa, January 8, 1993. Apostolic administrator of the diocese of San Pedro Sula, 1993-1995. Secretary general of the Episcopal Council of Latin America (CELAM), 1987-1991; president, 1995-1999. Attended the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. President of the Episcopal Conference of Honduras, 1997-2016. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; president of the commission for information. Awarded a doctorate ad honorem in political science by the University of Studies "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy, January 16, 2001; elected member of the Twelfth Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, October 22, 2008.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria della Speranza, February 21, 2001. He is the first cardinal from Honduras. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Participated in the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place from May 13 to 31, 2007, in Aparecida, Brazil. On June 5, 2007, he was elected president of Caritas Internationalis by the Confederation members at their Eighteenth General Assembly in Vatican City; he took possession of the post on June 9, 2007. On January 24, 2008, he received the 2007 "Honorary Award" in appreciation of his life work from the Viktor Frankl Foundation of the City of Vienna for the Advancement of Meaning-Oriented Humanistic Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria. The board of the foundation had convened on November 28, 2007 to confer the prizes and scholarships for 2007. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church"; by papal appointment. Re-elected president of Caritas International on May 24, 2011, during the Caritas federation General Assembly in Rome. Named member of the Congregation for Catholic Education on June 12, 2012. Named member of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum on October 27, 2012. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. On April 13, 2013, he was named by Pope Francis coordinator of a council of cardinals to advise him in the government of the universal Church and to study a plan for revising the apostolic constitution on the Roman Curia, Pastor Bonus. The council was commonly known as the "C9" because of the number of its members. On May 10, 2013, the University of Studies of Parma, Italy, granted him an honorary doctorate in International Business and Development. He was confirmed as member of the Congregation for Catholic Education on November 30, 2013. Confirmed as member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on January 15, 2014. He was named member of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life on March 29, 2014. He was confirmed as member of the Congregation for the Clergy on June 9, 2014. Participated in Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 19, 2014, on the theme "The pastoral challenges of the family in the context of the Evangelization". He stepped down as president of Caritas Internationalis during the 20th General Assembly of the organization which took place in Rome from May 12 to 17, 2015. On October 15, 2020, he was confirmed as coordinator of the Council of Cardinals. On December 29, 2022, he turned 80 years old and lost the right to participate in the conclave. On January 26, 2023, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Tegucigalpa. To succeed him, the pope named Reverend Father José Vicente Nácher Tatay, C.M., until then pastor of San Vicente de Paúl in San Pedro Sula and regional superior of the Congregation of the Mission in Honduras. The cardinal will be apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the taking of possession of his successor. On March 6, 2023, he ceased as member and coordinator of the Council of Cardinals.

Bibliography. Romeo, Enzo. L'Oscar color porpora : il cardinale Rodríguez Maradiaga, voce dell'America Latina. Milano : Ancora, 2006. (Frontiere; Variation: Frontiere (Milan, Italy)).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Rodriguez Maradiaga: sussulto etico per vincere la crisi by Gianni Cardinale, in Italian, Avvenire, 19 giugno 2012; L'Ateneo di Parma ha conferito al Cardinale Maradiaga la Laurea Honoris Causa in International Business and Development, in Italian, Università degli Studi di Parma, 8 maggio 2013; Francis' reforms and the Guadalupe method by Alver Metalli, Vatican Insider, 11/19/2013; Maradiaga says Müller needs to "be a bit more flexible" by Andrea Tornielli, Vatican Insider, 21/01/2014; Il cardinale e la matematica, L'Osservatore Romano, 11 marzo 2014; Francis encountering curial opposition, cardinal says, by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Register, Apr. 21, 2014; Rodríguez Maradiaga: "Dal deserto alla vita eterna" by Maria Teresa Pontara Pederiva, Vatican Insider, 22/04/2014; Cardinal staunchly defends popes critiques of capitalism by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Jun. 3, 2014; Pope Francis aide blasts U.S. climate skeptics by Nick Gass, Politico, 5/12/15 2:37 PM EDT; Cardinal-watch: Maradiaga bashes Burke, as Benedict lauds Sarah, Crux, May 19, 2017; Cardenal Maradiaga: “No habrá reforma si el sacerdote no está imbuido del Espíritu Santo” by Francisco José Pérez Valero, Vida Nueva Digital, 26/06/2017; Maradiaga: quasi pronta la proposta di riforma della Curia, Radio Vaticana, 2017-09-14; Cardinal Maradiaga accused of financial mismanagement, CNA/EWTN News, Tegucigalpa, Honduras,Dec 21, 2017 / 01:38 pm; Controversia tras acusaciones de revista italiana contra Cardenal Rodríguez Maradiaga, ACI, 21 Dic. 17 / 08:07 pm; Cardinal Maradiaga responds to allegations of corruption by Andrea Gagliarducci, The Pilot, CNA, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, Dec 22, 2017; ¡Escándalo en el Vaticano! El papa Francisco ordenó investigar a la Iglesia en Honduras, El Nuevo Herald, AFP, Ciudad del Vaticano, 22 de diciembre de 2017 11:02 AM; Cardenal Rodríguez Maradiaga responde a acusaciones de revista italiana, ACI, 22 Dic. 17 / 01:49 pm; Cardinal Maradiaga Denies Financial Allegations, But Questions Remain Unanswered by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Dec. 23, 2017; El Papa Francisco al cardenal Maradiaga: “Me duele todo el mal que te han hecho”, Ecclesia Digital, ACI, Vaticano, 26 Dic. 17; Pope to Card. Maradiaga: I'm sorry for the evil they have done against you, Vatican News, 26 December 2017, 13:21; El Papa Francisco junto al cardenal Maradiaga by Griselda Mutual, Ecclesia Digital, Ciudad del Vaticano, 28 diciembre 2017; Un servizio che ha i confini del mondo. I cardinali di Bergoglio by Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, L'Osservatore Romano, 27 febbraio 2018; Former Seminarians Allege Grave Sexual Misconduct by Honduran Bishop Pineda by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Mar. 4, 2018; Honduran auxiliary bishop accused of sexual misconduct resigns by Hannah Brockhaus, CNA/EWTN News, Vatican City, Jul 20, 2018 / 06:03 am; Sinodo. Card. Maradiaga: da qui una rivoluzione della pastorale giovanile by Alessandro Di Bussolo, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 27 ottobre 2018, 15:54, with video; Migranti, Maradiaga: “In politica prevalga il bene comune, non l’interesse di pochi” by Maria Teresa Pontara Pederiva, Vatican Insider, San Francisco, 02/01/2019 alle ore 11:38; Card. Rodríguez pide por Venezuela, Nicaragua y Caravana del Migrante by Patricia Ynestroza, vaticannews.va, Ciudad del Vaticano, 07 febrero 2019, 10:42; Author Accuses Honduran Cardinal of ‘Betrayal’ and ‘Cover-Up’ in New Book by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Apr. 6, 2019; El cardenal hondureño dice que la comunidad internacional debe detener la guerra en Siria, eldiario.es, EFE, Tegucigalpa, 08/12/2019 - 20:50h; Honduras: Llamamiento del Card. Rodríguez Maradiaga, “una tregua por Navidad” by Larissa I. López, Zenit, diciembre 24, 2019 09:20; Cardenal hondureño: desplazados y refugiados, mayor "tragedia humana" mundial, La Vanguardi, Tegucigalpa, 29/12/2019 17:42 (EFE); Cardenal lamenta “humillación sangrante” contra los emigrantes, Proceso Digital, Tegucigalpa, Martes, 31 Diciembre 2019 20:37; Cardenal Rodríguez insta a los hondureños a seguir recomendaciones de las autoridades ante emergencia por coronavirus by Gerson Gómez Rosa, HRN La Voz de Honduras, 14/03/2020; COVID-19 en Honduras: El cardenal Rodríguez Maradiaga llama al cuidado de la vida by Cristhian Alvarenga, Zenit, junio 08, 2020 18:07; Transparencia por miles de millones gastados en pandemia, exige cardenal Rodríguez, Proceso Digital, Tegucigalpa, Domingo, 02 Agosto 2020 08:44; Cardenal hondureño dice que volver a la normalidad no es volver a la corrupción, Agencia EFE, Tegucigalpa, 9 de agosto de 2020; Cardenal Rodríguez reacciona sobre corrupción en Honduras: Son mil vueltas las que tienen atado a nuestro país, Redacción Radio HRN, 07:30 AM 16 Ago 2020; Cardenal Rodríguez: Los principales problemas del país no son leyes que se manipulan, La Tribuna, 6 septiembre, 2020 - 10:52 am; El cardenal hondureño critica las negociaciones bajo la mesa por la nueva Ley Electoral, Agencia EFE, Yahoo, Tegucigalpa, 13 de septiembre de 2020; Iglesia Católica no pidio bono solidario al gobierno, Aclara Cardenal Rodríguez, La Prensa, 11 Sep 2020 / 12:02 PM; Maradiaga: in Vaticano insufficienti controlli sulle finanze yahoo! Notizie, Askanews, 29 settembre 2020; Cardenal Rodríguez pide a las parroquias servir de centros de acopios, La Tribuna, 5 noviembre, 2020 - 11:25 pm; El cardenal Maradiaga pide detener la violencia y entregar la ayuda a los damnificados, Ecclesia Digital, 13 diciembre, 2020; Estable de salud, el cardenal Rodríguez Maradiaga tras dar positivo de COVID-19, Proceso Digital, 4 de febrero de 2021 - 3:09 pm; Cardenal hondureño se contagia de COVID y está hospitalizado, Tegucigalpa, Diario Libre, 04/02/2021, 06:52 PM; Cardinal Maradiaga, close papal adviser, hospitalized with COVID-19 by Inés San Martín, Cux, Rome, Feb 5, 2021; A pochi giorni dal 36mo Incontro del Consiglio dei cardinali il poroporato coordinatore Rodríguez Maradiaga positivo del Covid-19, Il Sismografo, venerdì 5 febbraio 2021; Honduran Cardinal Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga tests positive for COVID-19, Catholic News Agency, Feb 5, 2021 / 03:00 am MT; Papa Francisco se comunicó con el cardenal Rodríguez para conocer su estado de salud, La Tribuna, 6 febrero, 2021 - 3:36 pm; El cardenal hondureño mejora pero el coronavirus ha afectado sus pulmones, yahoo noticias, EFE, Tegucigalpa, sáb., 6 de febrero de 2021 6:35 p. m.; Cardenal Óscar Andrés Rodríguez "evoluciona positivamente" al covid-19, El Heraldo, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 09.02.2021; Honduras: Mejora la salud del Cardenal Óscar Andrés Rodríguez, El Heraldo, 11.02.2021; Cardenal hondureño dice que tiene "nueva vida" tras superar la covid-19, swissinfo.ch, EFE, 01 abril 2021 - 20:55; Cardenal dice que Honduras no puede seguir desorientada y aboga por cambios, Hola News, EFE, Tegucigalpa, April 4, 2021; La Iglesia hondureña clama por la renovación política del país by Ángel Morillo, Pensa CELAM, jueves, abril 8, 2021; Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga: “La sinodalidad no es un invento del Papa” by Ángel Alberto Morillo, Vida Nueva Digital, 31/05/2021; ¿Cuándo vendrán las vacunas?, pregunta cardenal que reprocha corrupción y “politiquería” en Honduras, Proceso Digital, 20 de junio de 2021 - 8:42 am; Honduras vive en "circulo vicioso de la corrupción", dice cardenal, swissinfo.com, EFE, Tegucigalpa, 04 julio 2021 - 17:59; El cardenal Rodríguez pregunta a quién elegirán los hondureños para guiar a su país, elDiario.es, Tegucigalpa — 22 de agosto de 2021 21:28h; Cardenal Rodríguez pide hacer campaña propositiva en inicio de propaganda política, Proceso Digital, 29 de agosto de 2021 - 9:04 am; No votar en plancha ni elegir a ladrones, el llamado del cardenal Rodríguez, Proceso Digital, Tegucigalpa, 5 de septiembre de 2021 - 8:46 am; Cardenal hondureño llama al “auténtico patriotismo” en el bicentenario de independencia y elecciones, Proceso Digital, Tegucigalpa, 12 de septiembre de 2021 - 8:44 am; Cardenal Óscar Andrés Rodríguez dice “es momento de elegir lo mejor”, EFE, El Periódico, 19-09-21; Cardenal hondureño crítica maltrato a haitianos en frontera de EE. UU. y Méxicom EFE, El Periódico, 26-09-21; Cardenal hondureño sentencia que es pecado no salir a votar y externa preocupación por indiferencia, Proceso Digital, Tegucigalpa, 7 de noviembre de 2021 - 8:46 am; Cardenal pide detener la violencia en Honduras a 14 días de las elecciones, swissinfo.ch, EFE, Tegucigalpa, 14 noviembre 2021 - 17:18; El cardenal hondureño pide a los políticos elecciones sin angustia y sin miedo, elDiario.es, EFE, Tegucigalpa, 21 de noviembre de 2021 22:34h; Cardinal Maradiaga: Assembly cannot be a dialogue of intellectuals or religious aristocracy by Paola Calderon Gomez, Prensa CELAM, Bogotá DC November 22, 2021; Rodríguez Maradiaga: Objetivo de la Asamblea es reavivar la Iglesia de una nueva manera by Patricia Ynestroza, Vatican News, Ciudad del Vaticano, 23 noviembre 2021, 14:20; Cardinal Maradiaga: We are in a new stage of the pontificate, not at the end, Rome Reports, 2022/01/18; Le tre grandi riforme della Chiesa in corso, volute dai "cardinali di base", secondo il coordinatore del C7, il porporato honduregno Oscar Rodríiguez Maradiaga. Alcune soprese ... , Il Sismografo, giovedì 20 gennaio 2022; Honduras: „Gebrüll verändert nichts“, Vatican News, 07 Februar 2022, 11:48; Cardenal hondureño se despide como arzobispo de Tegucigalpa en Misa Crismal, swissinfo.ch, EFE, Tegucigalpa, 14 abril 2022 - 18:49; El cardenal Maradiaga sobre la reforma de la Curia: «El camino no ha terminado» by Fran Otero, Alfa & Omega, 23 de Abril de 2022; "Francesco vorrebbe andare a Kiev. Ma non c'è predisposizione alla pace" by Fabio Marchese Ragona, il Giornale.it, 1 Maggio 2022 - 06:00; Maradiaga: "Praedicate Evangelium" per una Chiesa di servitori di Dio by Tiziana Campisi, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 06 maggio 2022, 11:00, with audio; Cardenal Maradiaga: La reforma del papa llegará con los nuevos nombramientos by Cristina Cabrejas, swiss.info, EFE, Ciudad del Vaticano, 07 mayo 2022 - 07:43; Maradiaga: "Es preocupante, hay una huelga de brazos caídos en la Curia ante la reforma que trae Praedicate Evangelium" by José Lorenzo, Religión Digital, 03.06.2022; Cardenal Maradiaga: “El Papa ya quiso nombrar a una mujer al frente de la economía vaticana” by Jesús Bastante en religiondigital.com, elDiario.es, 04/06/2022 05:30 h; El cardenal Maradiaga: "Lo de la renuncia del papa es una telenovela barata" by Cristina Cabrejas, swissinfo.ch, Ciudad del Vaticano, 09 junio 2022 - 07:34; El cardenal hondureño aboga por la solidaridad con los que pasan hambre, swissinfo.ch, EFE, 19 junio 2022 - 16:43; Meterle armas a Ucrania "no son soluciones", dice el cardenal hondureño, swissinfo.ch, EFE, Tegucigalpa, dom., 10 de julio de 2022 3:41 p.m.; Cardenal tilda de abominable masacre en Tegucigalpa y dice Honduras no puede seguir polarizada, Processo Digital, 17 de julio de 2022 - 8:34 am, with video; Cardenal Rodríguez Maradiaga: “Después de Praedicate Evangelium, el Consejo de cardenales seguirá” by Dumar Espinosa, Religión Digital, 24.07.2022; Ukraine-Krieg: Kardinal Maradiaga fürchtet Hungerkrise, Vatican News, 26 Juli 2022, 14:53; Cardenal Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga: «Con la constitución promulgada no hay vuelta atrás» by Victoria Isabel Cardiel C., Alfa & Omega, 31 de Julio de 2022; Cardenal hondureño tilda de “guerra callada” la persecución contra la Iglesia en Nicaragua, Proceso Digital, 14 de agosto de 2022 - 8:51 am; El cardenal de Honduras expresa su preocupación por la situación en Nicaragua, swissinfo.ch, EFE, Tegucigalpa, 21 agosto 2022 - 15:46; Cardenal Rodríguez defiende al Papa Francisco tras recibir insultos en redes sociales, La Prensa, 23 agosto 2022 / 08:24 AM; Cardenal de Honduras cuestiona trato a los migrantes en tránsito por su país, swissinfo.ch, EFE, Tegucigalpa, 09 octubre 2022 - 18:30; Me hubiese gustado servir mejor a Honduras, pero hice lo que Dios me inspiró: Cardenal Rodríguez by Joel Perdomo, Proceso Digital, Tegucigalpa, 20 de noviembre de 2022 - 9:25 pm; Vatican Awaits Developments as It Investigates Cardinal Rodriguez Maradiaga and Honduras’ Catholic University by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Vatican City, December 2, 2022; Cardenal Rodríguez Maradiaga: “El miedo es el origen de toda huida”, Vatican News, 19 diciembre 2022, 15:10, with video; Il cardinale honduregno Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga, Arcivescovo Metropolita di Tegucicalpa, compie 80 anni, Il Sismografo, domenica 25 dicembre 2022; Il Cardinale Maradiaga compie 80 anni e perde il diritto di voto in conclave by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Tegucigalpa, 29 dicembre, 2022 / 10:00 AM; Rinuncia e Nomina dell’Arcivescovo Metropolita di Tegucigalpa (Honduras), Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 26.01.2023; El Papa Francisco aceptó la renuncia del Cardenal Rodríguez Maradiaga, Vatican News, 26 enero 2023, 12:16; Maradiaga: "Francisco tenía razones para pedirle a Gänswein que no volviera a la oficina" by José Lorenzo, Religión Digital, 24.01.2023; Muere Jorge Rodríguez, hermano del cardenal Oscar Andrés Rodríguez, Proceso Digital, 12 de febrero de 2023 - 4:32 pm; Dopo 30 anni, ormai ultraottantenne, esce di scena il card. honduregno Oscar Rodríguez Maradiaga, fra i più potenti e discussi porporati degli ultimi decenni, Il Sismografo, sabato 25 marzo 2023.


agre.jpg

(183) 24. AGRÉ, Bernard
(1926-2014)

Birth. March 2, 1926, Monga, archdiocese of Abidjan, prefecture of Alépé, Ivory Coast. He was a member of the Mbatto people. Son of Jean Manda Agré and Jeanne Yomin. Baptized, September 2, 1932, Memni, his parish of origin.

Education. Completed his primary education in the school of the Catholic Mission of Memni from 1936 to 1941; then, studied at the Minor Seminary of Bingerville from 1941 to 1947; in 1947, he studied at the lyceum of the Minor Seminary of Bingerville; then, studied philosophy at the Major Seminary of Bingerville for one year; in 1948, he transferred to the Major Seminary of Quidah, in Dahomey (now Benin), where he completed his theological studies in 1953, in that seminary, he started a durable friendship with Bernardin Gantin, future cardinal; in 1957, he was sent to study at Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate summa cum laude in theology in 1960, with a concentration in canon law.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 20, 1953, in the Minor Seminary of Bingerville, by Jean Baptiste Boivin, S.M.A., titular bishop of Onufi, apostolic vicar of Abidjan. Vicar in Dabou and teacher and director of the school from 1953 until 1956. Rector of the pre-seminary minor of Bingerville, 1956-1957. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1960. Returned to Ivory Coast and became pastor of the parish of Notre Dame in Treichville, 1960-1962. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, December 8, 1961 (title changed to prelate of honor in 1968). Vicar general of Abidjan, in charge of private education and of the seminaries, 1963-1968.

Episcopate. Elected first bishop of Man, June 8, 1968. Consecrated, October 3, 1968, church of Saint Thèrése, Abidjan, by Bernard Yago, archbishop of Abidjan, assisted by Bernardin Gantin, archbishop of Cotonou, and by Guy Marie Joseph Riobé, bishop of Orléans. His episcopal motto was Étre tout á tous. Took possession of the see on the following October 8. From 1972 to 1996, he was president of the Episcopal Commission of the Means of Social Communication of the Regional Episcopal Conference of Western Africa (CERAO). President of the Regional Episcopal Conference of Western Africa (CERAO), 1985-1991. President of the Episcopal Conference of Ivory Coast from 1986 to 1991. Transferred to the new see of Yamoussoukro, March 6, 1992; took possession of the see the following May 17. In that diocese is the largest church of the African continent, inspired in the Basilica of Saint Peter in Rome. President of the Pan African Episcopal Committee of Social Communications (CEPACS) from 1993 to 2000. During his episcopate, he faced a period of difficult political transition following the death in 1993 of the father of Ivory Coast's independence, President Felix Houphouet-Boigny, who governed for 33 years; when political violence exploded several times between 1998 and 2000 after contested elections and a military-led coup, leaving hundreds dead, Cardinal Agré criticized those attempting to exploit religious differences. The struggle for control over resources and the concept of "Ivorian" reappeared at the death of the father of independence. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Abidjan, December 19, 1994; took possession of the see on February 26, 1995. Received the pallium from Pope John Paul II on June 29, 1995, feast of Saints Peter and Paul, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica. The cardinal multiplied the positions taken in the Ivorian and international press, not doubting to criticize the French intervention in the country as an unspoken intention to reduce the country again into a French colony. He criticized the growing gap between the rich of Ivory Coast and the country's "new poor", including jobless college graduates, agricultural workers and youths. He said such poverty was abnormal and a menace to social peace. He was president of the Episcopal Commission of the Social and Charitable Actions of Ivory Coast. Member of the Committee of the Grand Jubilee of the Year 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giovanni Crisostomo a Monte Sacro Alto, February 21, 2001. Attended Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001; one of the three presidents delegate. In November 2003, Ivory Coast officials said they uncovered a plot to assassinate Cardinal Agré and other political and religious leaders to undermine the administration of President Laurent Gbagbo. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, March 2, 2006. His resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Abidjan was accepted on May 2, 2006, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. After his retirement, the cardinal continued to speak to the media, which he had always held as an essential agent of democracy in Africa. In 2009, he presided over the National Day for Peace, remembering the 75 years of Ivorian clergy and the 50 years of the Major Seminary Sacré-Coeur de Marie of Anyama. Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World". During the Synod, the cardinal spoke out against the injustice of many African nations being forced to "mortgage their natural resources" to pay the never-ending interest on development loans. He said that prevented governments from adequately funding education and health care for their people. He was criticized for his support to former President Laurent Gbagbo after his defeat in the presidential election in late 2010. He was a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples; and of the Pontifical Councils for the Family, Iustitia et Pax and Social Communications.

Death. June 9, 2014, around 9 a.m., from a cardiac stroke, at Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France, where he had been interned for two months. Upon learning the news of his death, Pope Francis sent a telegram of condolence (1) to Cardinal Jean-Pierre Kutwa, archbishop of Abidjan. A mass was celebrated on Saturday June 14, 2014 at 11 a.m. in the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris by Cardinal André Vingt-Trois, archbishop of Paris. Cardinal Jean-Pierre Kutwa, archbishop of Abidjan, was present. The body of the late cardinal arrived at the Félix Houphouet Boigny Airport in Port Bouët, on June 14, at 6 p.m. accompanied by Cardinal Kutwa. At 6:30, the body arrived at the parish Notre Dame du Perpétuel Secours of Treichville and vespers were sung. On Friday July 4, 2014, at 9:30 a.m., took place the requiem Mass at the parish of Saint Ambroise du Jubilé d'Angré, celebrated by Cardinal Kutwa. At 11 a.m., the cortege departed for the cathedral of Saint Paul du Plateau. At 12:30 p.m., took place the inhumation inside Saint Paul's cathedral in private. The tomb of the cardinal is in the left aisle of the cathedral, beside that of Cardinal Bernard Yago, first cardinal of Ivory Coast (2).

Webgraphy. Biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; biography, in English, Wikipedia; his arms and biography, in French, Wikipedia; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Monseigneur Bernard Agré: il faut trouver «une solution humaine au problème ivoirien» by Emmanuel D'Abzac, RFI, article publié le : vendredi 24 décembre 2010 - dernière modification le : vendredi 24 décembre 2010; 2 ans aprés la chute du Prêsident Gbagbo: Cardinal Agré fait des confidences by Ferdinand Bailly, Civox, Jeudi 11 Avril 2013 - 09:35; Décès du Cardinal Bernard Agré à Paris, video, @bidj@n.net, lundi 9 juin 2014; African Card. Agré passes away, number of cardinals down to 213, video, Rome Reports, Jun 10, 2014; Le cardinal Bernard Agré voulait une Afrique libre et debout by Jean-Claude Djereke, Civox, Jeudi 12 Juin 2014 - 10:01; Mort du cardinal ivoirien Agré, figure de l'Église africaine by Samuel Lieve, La Croix, 10/6/14 - 16 H 56; Exclusif Messe en Memoire du Cardinal Bernard Agré a Paris, video, Eventnewtv Presse, You Tube, Jun 16, 2014; Côte d'Ivoire : Bernard Cardinal Agré repose désormais en la cathédrale St Paul du Plateau by JEN, Agence pour la Recherche et le Traitement de l'Information Côte d'Ivoire, vendredi 4 juillet 2014 17:13.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

Monsieur le Cardinal Jean-Pierre Kutwa Archevêque d'Abidjan.

Apprenant avec émotion le décès du Cardinal Bernard Agré, Archevêque émérite d'Abidjan, je tiens à vous exprimer mon union dans la prière avec les Pasteurs et les fidèles de Côte d'Ivoire ainsi qu'avec la famille et les proches du défunt. Je prie le Seigneur d'accueillir dans sa paix et dans sa lumière ce Pasteur fidèle qui, au cours d'un long et fructueux épiscopat, a servi l'Église avec foi et générosité comme Évêque de Man et premier Évêque de Yamoussoukro, avant de devenir Archevêque d'Abidjan. À travers une intense activité pastorale, le Cardinal défunt s'est manifesté comme un homme de Dieu passionné par l'annonce de l'Évangile et le développement humain et spirituel des personnes. En gage de réconfort, je vous adresse une particulière Bénédiction apostolique, ainsi qu'aux Évêques de Côte d'Ivoire, à la famille du Cardinal défunt et à ses proches, à ses anciens diocésains, et à toutes les personnes qui prendront part à la célébration des obséques.

FRANCISCUS PP.

Analogous telegram was sent by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, secretary of State.

(2) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

Cardinal
Bernard AGRE
1926-2014


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(184) 25. BILLÉ, Louis-Marie
(1938-2002)

Birth. February 18, 1938, Fleury-lès-Aubrais, diocese of Orléans, France. Son of Gabriel Léandre François Victor Billé and Madeleine Louise David.

Education. Studied at the Major Seminary of Luçon (philosophy and theology); at the Catholic University of Angers, where he obtained a licentiate in theology; at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome, where he earned a licentiate in Sacred Scriptures); and at the Biblical Institute, Jerusalem.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 25, 1962, Luçon. Further studies, Rome, 1963-1965; Jerusalem, 1965-1966. Faculty member, Major Seminary of Luçon, 1966-1972; faculty member, Seminary of La Roche-sur-Yon, 1972-1977. In charge of permanent formation of the laity and animator of the National Office for permanent formation of the clergy, 1977-1980. Episcopal vicar and archdeacon of Haut Bocage, 1980-1984.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Laval, March 10, 1984. Consecrated, May 19, 1984, Salle des Fêtes, Laval, by Charles Paty, bishop of Luçon, assisted by Paul-Louis Carrière, bishop emeritus of Laval, and by Jacques-Louis-Antoine-Marie David, titular bishop of Girba, auxiliary of Bordeaux. His episcopal motto was Scio qui credidi. Promoted to metropolitan see of Aix, Arles and Embrun, May 5, 1995. President of Conference of Bishops of France, November 5, 1996; reelected, November 9, 1999. Transferred to metropolitan and primatial see of Lyon, July 10, 1998. Chancellor of the Catholic University of Lyon, 1998-2002. Attended II Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, February 21, 2001. Transferred to the title of Ss. Trinità al Monte Pincio, July 22, 2001. Resigned the presidency of the Episcopal Conference of France because of illness, November 6, 2001. He resided at 1, Place de Fourvière, Lyon 5ème (Rhône).

Death. March 12, 2002, at 11:30 a.m., from advanced stages of colon cancer, at his sister's house at 89 rue Camille Pelletan, in Talence, a bordering commune of Bordeaux. Upon learning the news of the death of the Cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent the diocesan administrator of Lyon a telegram of condolence (1). His funeral mass, presided by Cardinal Camillo Ruini, representing the pope, was celebrated at the Saint-Jean metropolitan and primatial cathedral of Lyon at 5 p.m. with the participation of 1,300 people. Cardinals Roger Etchegaray and Jean-Marie Lustiger, together with some sixty other prelates and a great number of clergy from the archdiocese of Lyon, concelebrated the Mass. The late cardinal was buried in that cathedral.

Bibliography. Jore, Alexander. Épiscopologe Français de 1592 à 1973. Mis à jour et continué jusqu'en 2004. Complément de l'article "France" du Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiastiques t. XVIII, colonnes 161 à 532. Pro-Manuscripto, 25 - III- 2004, no. 3271.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photographs and biography, in Italian, Santi e Beati; his portrait and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Pédocriminalité dans l’Église. À Fontenay-le-Comte, une fausse plaque met en cause un cardinal by Nathan Joubioux, Ouest-France, 14/03/2021 à 17h35.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Vatican Press Office

Monsieur l’Administrateur Diocésain
Archevêché de Lyon
Lyon
APPRENANT AVEC UNE PEINE PROFONDE LE RAPPEL À DIEU DU CARDINAL LOUIS-MARIE BILLÉ, JE TIENS À EXPRIMER MON UNION DANS LA PRIÈRE AVEC L’ARCHIDIOCÈSE DE LYON, AVEC LA FAMILLE DU DÉFUNT ET AVEC TOUTES LES PERSONNES ÉPROUVÉES PAR CETTE DISPARITION PRÉMATURÉE. JE CONFIE LE CARDINAL BILLÉ À LA MISÉRICORDE DE DIEU, LUI DEMANDANT DE L’ACCUEILLIR DANS SON ROYAUME DE LUMIÈRE ET DE PAIX. SERVITEUR PASSIONNÉ DU CHRIST, EN QUI, COMME LE DISAIT SA DEVISE, IL AVAIT MIS SA FOI, ET SERVITEUR PASSIONNÉ DES ÉGLISES LOCALES CONFIÉES À SA SOLLICITUDE PASTORALE, À LAVAL, À AIX-EN-PROVENCE, PUIS COMME PRIMAT DES GAULES, IL S’EST TOUT ENTIER DONNÉ À LA MISSION REÇUE DE SON SEIGNEUR. IL SAVAIT AVEC SIMPLICITÉ ROMPRE AUX FIDÈLES LE PAIN DE LA PAROLE, LES AIDANT À EN DÉCOUVRIR LES RICHESSES; HOMME D’UNE HAUTE SPIRITUALITÉ, ATTENTIF À PROMOUVOIR EN TOUTE CHOSE L’UNITÉ ET À SERVIR LA VÉRITÉ DE L’ÉVANGILE, IL S’ACQUITTA AVEC UN ZÈLE INLASSABLE DE SA CHARGE DE PRÉSIDENT DE LA CONFÉRENCE DES ÉVÊQUES DE FRANCE. ME SOUVENANT DE SA PRÉCIEUSE COLLABORATION ET DE SA PARTICIPATION ACTIVE DANS DIFFÉRENTS DICASTÈRES DU SAINT-SIÈGE, J’AI PU APPRÉCIER SES QUALITÉS DE PASTEUR. UNE FOIS ENCORE, JE DÉSIRE ASSURER LES FIDÈLES ET LE CLERGÉ DE L’ARCHIDIOCÈSE DE LYON DE MA PROXIMITÉ SPIRITUELLE EN CES HEURES DOULOUREUSES, IMPLORANT SUR EUX LA GRÂCE DU SEIGNEUR. RECOMMANDANT À L’INTERCESSION MATERNELLE DE NOTRE-DAME DE FOURVIÈRE LA FAMILLE ET LES PROCHES DU CARDINAL BILLÉ, AINSI QUE TOUTE LA COMMUNAUTÉ DIOCÉSAINE DE LYON, J’ENVOIE DE GRAND CŒUR LA BÉNÉDICTION APOSTOLIQUE À VOUS-MÊME ET À TOUTES LES PERSONNES QUI PRENDRONT PART À LA LITURGIE DES OBSÈQUES.

IOANNES PAULUS PP II


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(185) 26. VELASCO GARCÍA, S.D.B., Antonio Ignacio
(1929-2003)

Birth. January 17, 1929, Acarigua, diocese of Guanare, Venezuela. Son of José Antonio Velasco Rangel and Ramona García de Velasco.

Education. Joined the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco). Studied at the Minor Seminary of La Vega; (high school and Latin); at the Salesian Noviciate of Santa María (Los Teques); professed, August 25, 1945; then at the Salesian Philosophate, Boleía (Caracas); did the teaching internship at the Minor Seminary, Boleía; later, studied at the Salesian University of Turin, Turin, Italy, where he earned doctorates in philosophy and pedagogy; took the perpetual vows, June 30, 1951, in Valdocco, Turin; also attended the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, earning a doctorate in theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 17, 1955, Rome, by Antonio Samorè, titular archbishop of Tirnovo, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Further studies, Rome, 1956. Pastoral ministry as a catechist in Lyceum "San José", Los Teques, 1956-1958. Counselor and catechist, "Colegio Don Bosco", Valencia, 1958-1963. Catechist and professor of philosophy, Major Salesian Seminary of Altamira, Caracas, 1963-1964. Rector of "Colegio Santo de Aquino", Valera, 1964-1967. Rector of "Colegio San José", 1967-1972. Salesian Inspector for Venezuela, 1972-1978. Further studies, Rome, 1978-1979. Rector of "Colegio Don Bosco", Valencia, 1979-1984. Elected delegate to the Twenty Second General Chapter of his order; in charge of the Latin American-Pacific-Caribbean Salesian Region, and member of the general council of his order, 1984-1989.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Utimmira and appointed apostolic vicar of Puerto Ayacucho, October 23, 1989. Consecrated, January 6, 1990, Vatican City, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, section of General Affairs, and by Miroslav Stefan Marusyn, titular archbishop of Cadi, secretary of the Congregation for Oriental Churches. Apostolic administrator ad nutum Santae Sedis of the diocese of San Fernando de Apure, May 27, 1992. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 - 28, 1992; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2-29, 1994. Named by the President of Venezuela, Rafael Caldera, member of the National Council of Frontiers, 1994. Promoted to metropolitan see of Caracas, May 27, 1995. Attended Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Chancellor of the Catholic University "Andrés Bello" and founder and chancellor of the University "Santa Rosa de Lima", Caracas, 1998.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Domenica Mazzarello, February 21, 2001. He maintained a critical position towards the government of President Hugo Chávez. In November 2002, his residence was attacked with a grenade launched by unknown person(s). In April 2003, during a Sunday homily, the cardinal warned that Communism was infiltrating the country, which provoked a strong reaction from the president. After Cardinal Velasco's death, President Chávez drew fire for his controversial statement that the cardinal was "burning in hell".

Death. Sunday July 6, 2003, at 11:30 p.m., after a long illness, in Caracas. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope John Paul II sent Pedro Nicolás Bermúdez Villamizar, C.I.M., titular bishop of Lamsorti and auxiliary of Caracas, apostolic administrator of Caracas, a telegram of condolence (1). Buried in the chapel of Nuestra Señora del Pilar, on the right side of the cathedral's nave, where all the bishops and archbishops of Caracas, including Cardinals José Humberto Quintero Parra and José Alí Lebrún Moratinos, are buried (2).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his photograph, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

Mons. Pedro Nicolás Bermúdez
Administrador Apostólico de Caracas
PROFUNDAMENTE ENTRISTECIDO POR LA MUERTE DEL CARDENAL IGNACIO ANTONIO VELASCO GARCÍA, SDB, ARZOBISPO DE CARACAS, DESPUÉS DE UNA LARGA ENFERMEDAD VIVIDA CON GRAN SERENIDAD Y ENTEREZA, EXPRESO MI MÁS SENTIDO PÉSAME A USTED, A LOS DEMÁS OBISPOS AUXILIARES, CLERO, COMUNIDADES RELIGIOSAS Y LAICOS DE ESA ARQUIDIÓCESIS, Y MUY ESPECIALMENTE A LOS FAMILIARES DEL EMINENTE FINADO, QUE LLORAN LA MUERTE DE TAN CELOSO Y ABNEGADO PASTOR. ME UNO A USTEDES PARA ENCOMENDAR A LA MISERICORDIA DEL PADRE CELESTIAL A ESTE QUERIDO PURPURADO QUE CON TANTA PRUDENCIA Y CARIDAD PASTORAL HA SERVIDO AL PUEBLO DE DIOS. SU GENEROSA E INTENSA LABOR MINISTERIAL, PRIMERO COMO RELIGIOSO SALESIANO, FINO EDUCADOR DE LA JUVENTUD, Y DESPUÉS SACERDOTE, Y LUEGO COMO VICARIO APOSTÓLICO DE PUERTO AYACUCHO, HASTA EL MOMENTO EN QUE FUE LLAMADO A REGIR ESA IMPORTANTE SEDE, TESTIMONIA SU GRAN DEDICACIÓN A LA CAUSA DEL EVANGELIO, A LA VEZ QUE DA PRUEBA DE SU PROFUNDO AMOR A LA IGLESIA Y DE LAS CUALIDADES QUE LO ADORNABAN. EN ESTOS MOMENTOS DE DOLOR EN EL QUE LA COMUNIDAD ECLESIAL DE CARACAS LLORAN A SU AMADO PASTOR, ME ES GRATO IMPARTIRLES CON AFECTO LA CONFORTADORA BENDICIÓN APOSTÓLICA COMO SIGNO DE ESPERANZA EN LA VICTORIA DEL SEÑOR RESUCITADO.
IOANNES PAULUS PP.II

(2) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

EMINENTISSIMO CARDENAL
IGNACIO ANTONIO VELASCO GARCIA
XIV ARZOBISPO DE CARACAS
† 6 - VII - 2003


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(186) 27. CIPRIANI THORNE, Juan Luis
(1943-

Birth. December 28, 1943, Lima, Perú. He is the fourth of the eleven children of Enrique Cipriani and Isabel Thorne. They were "supernumerarios" of the Opus Dei.

Education. He completed his elementary and inferior secondary studies at Colegio Immaculado Corazón, Lima, from 1949 to 1953; and the superior secondary studies at Colegio Santa María, also in Lima, from 1954 to 1960. Then, from 1961 to 1966, he studied at Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (UNI), Lima, where he obtained a doctorate in industrial engineering; worked as an engineer for some time with W.R. Grace and was a promoter of the Instituto Rural Valle Grande. Member of the Peruvian basketball team in the Bolivarian competition in Barranquilla, Colombia (first place); second place in South American Tournament, Lima; champion in South American Tournament, Montevideo, Uruguay; also participated in Pan American Games, Winnipeg, Canada. Joined the Sacerdotal Society of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, Lima, June 10, 1962 (1). Studied at the International Seminary of the Opus Dei, Rome; at the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, where he earned a doctorate in theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 21, 1977, at the Basílíca di San Miguel, Madrid, Spain. Faculty member, Pontifical and Civil Faculty of Theology of Lima; spiritual director of the Major Seminary of Lima; chaplain and faculty member of Escuela de Alta Dirección and of Escuela Superior Montemar, Lima; from 1986 to 1988, regional vicar of the Opus Dei in Perú and vice chancellor of the University of Piura.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Turuzi and appointed auxiliary of Ayacucho. Consecrated, July 3, 1988, cathedral of Lima, by Cardinal Juan Landázuri Ricketts, O.F.M., archbishop of Lima, assisted by Luigi Dossena, titular archbishop of de Carpi, nuncio in Perú, and by Federico Richter Fernández-Prada, O.F.M., archbishop of Ayacucho. His episcopal motto is Consummati in unum. Apostolic administrator of Ayacucho, May 23, 1991. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Ayacucho, May 13, 1995. Transferred to the metropolitan and primatial see of Lima, January 9, 1999. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical and Civil Theological Faculty of Lima, January 9, 1999. Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of Perú, March 24, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Camillo de Lellis, February 21, 2001. Assigned to the Congregations for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments; and for the Causes of the Saints; to the Prefecture of Economic Affairs of the Holy See; and to the Pontifical Commission for Latina America. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Named member of of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, February 3, 2007. Participated in the 5th General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place from May 13 to 31, 2007, in Aparecida, Brazil. On January 9, 2009, the Peruvian government decorated him with the Order "El Sol del Perú", with the grade of grand cross, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of his appointment as archbishop of Lima. On January 30, 2009, the mayor of Lima, Dr. Luis Castañeda Lossio, granted him the "Medalla de Lima" in recognition of his pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Lima. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 4th centennial of the archdiocese of Ayacucho, Perú, which took place on July 20, 2009. He was incorporated into the Peruvian Academy of Moral and Political Sciences in a ceremony held in Casona de San Marcos, in Lima, on May 2, 2012. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Confirmed as member of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints on December 19, 2013. Confirmed as member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on January 15, 2014. He was named member of the Council for the Economy for a quinquennium on March 8, 2014. On January 25, 2019, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Lima. He was succeeded by Father Carlos Castillo Mattasoglio, professor of theology at the Pontifical Catholic University of Perú. Cardinal Cipriani was apostolic administrator of Lima until the installation of his successor on March 2, 2019.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Spanish, Arzobispoado de Lima; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Press Office of the Holy See; photographs, arms and biography, in Spanish, Wikipedia; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Perú: 'Vuelvan por el camino de sus fundadores antes de llegar a los cien añ1os de la universidad' . El cardenal Cipriani a la PUCP luego de retirarle la Santa Sede el uso de 'pontificia' y 'catslica', Zenit, el mundo visto desde Roma, 22-07-2012; Perú: Cardenal Cipriani exhorta a unión del país sin ideologías clasistas, ACI/EWTN Noticias, 29 Jul. 12 / 12:20 pm; Respaldan denuncia contra "pensamiento único" hecha por Cardenal Cipriani, ACI/EWTN Noticias, 06 Ago. 12 / 04:26 am; Cardenal Cipriani al presentar nuevo libro: Hubo mucha fe en medio de crisis de rehenes, ACI/EWTN Noticias, 08 Ago. 12 / 05:46 pm; El cardenal Cipriani presents su libro 'Doy fe'. Testimonio de la crisis de los rehenes en la embajada de Japón en 1996, Zenit, el mundo visto desde Roma, 19-08-2012; Actuales autoridades de ex PUCP hacen imposible el diálogo, dice Cardenal Cipriani, ACI Prensa, 21 Ago. 12 / 11:43 am; Cardenal Cipriani: Que Santa Rosa ilumine a todos, ACI/EWTN Noticias, 30 Ago. 12 / 04:50 pm; Teologia della liberazione, Cipriani contro M|ller: «Sia più prudente» by Andrea Tornielli, Vatican Insider, 17/10/2013; Cardenal Cipriani a Primera Dama de Perú: Aborto no es derecho sino matanza del indefenso by David Ramos, Aci Prensa, Piura, 17 Ago. 15 / 05:33 pm; El Papa Francisco desea venir al Perú en el 2018, afirma Cardenal Cipriani, ACI Prensa, Vaticano, 15 May. 17 / 12:37 pm; Cardinal Cipriani: The Pope asks us to have affectionate gestures with the people, video, Rome Reports, 2017-05-20; El Papa propone a 2 grandes santos como ejemplos para obispos del Perú, dice Cardenal by Walter Sánchez Silva and Miguel Pérez Pichel, ACI Prensa, Lima, 20 May. 17 / 06:35 pm; El Papa alienta a Obispos del Perú a estar más cerca de la gente y de Dios, ACI Prensa, Lima, 28 May. 17 / 04:01 pm; El papá debe ser fiel a su esposa y a sus hijos, dice Cardenal por Día del Padre, ACI Prensa, Lima, 18 Jun. 17 / 11:01 am; Viaje a Perú está en el corazón, oración y mente del Papa, afirma Cardenal Cipriani, ACI Prensa, Lima, 25 Jun. 17 / 01:15 pm; Cardenal Cipriani alienta preparación espiritual para recibir al Papa Francisco en Perú, ACI Prensa, Lima, 14 Jul. 17 / 12:01 pm; Perú: Cardenal se pronuncia ante prisión de Expresidente Ollanta Humala y Nadine Heredia, ACI Prensa, Lima, 15 Jul. 17 / 12:41 pm; Cardenal Cipriani: El viaje del Papa en Perú marcará un antes y un después, Zenit, Roma, 27 julio 2017; Cardenal Cipriani: contraponer Francisco a Benedicto es un objetivo diabólico, Zenit, Roma, 27 julio 2017; Te Deum: Cardenal Cipriani pide defender al Perú de ideologías pseudo democráticas, ACI Prensa, Lima, 28 Jul. 17 / 02:21 pm; Cardenal pide a sacerdotes estar “pegados al Sagrario” porque el demonio no se detiene", ACI Prensa, Lima, 01 Ago. 17 / 07:39 pm; El Papa Francisco en Perú: Cardenal propone primeros pasos para preparar su visita, ACI Prensa, Lima, 12 Ago. 17 / 12:01 pm; Video: Cardenal Cipriani celebra 40 años de sacerdote, ACI Prensa, Lima, 21 Ago. 17 / 04:02 pm; Perú: Cardenal exhorta a maestros a dejar la huelga y volver a clases, ACI Prensa, Lima, 26 Ago. 17 / 01:18 pm; Cardenal Juan Luis Cipriani: “Que Santa Rosa de Lima nos haga el milagro de regresar la paz”>, Revista Ecclesia, 26 agosto 2017; Cardenal Cipriani lanza convocatoria para la Guardia del Papa, Revista Ecclesia, 28 agosto 2017; Cardenal protesta ante demora del gobierno para definir sede de Misa del Papa en Perú, ACI Prensa, Lima, 30 Sep. 17 / 03:10 pm; Cardenal Cipriani: Señor de los Milagros ilumina al pueblo frente a la corrupción en Perú by David Ramos, ACI Prensa, 18 Oct. 17 / 07:30 pm; El Señor de los Milagros es señal visible y tangible que Dios nos ama, afirma Cardenal, ACI Prensa, Lima, 29 Oct. 17 / 11:29 am; Cardenal Cipriani no tiene cuenta de Twitter, aclara Arzobispado de Lima, ACI Prensa, Lima, 13 Nov. 17 / 01:27 pm; Cardenal sigue el ejemplo del Papa y comparte almuerzo con 500 pobres en Perú, video, ACI Prensa, Lima, 20 Nov. 17 / 04:30 pm; Cardinal Cipriani: Peru and Chile Will Greet Pope Francis With ‘Lively Faith’ by Elise Harris/CNA/EWTN News, National Catholic Register, Vatican, Dec. 5, 2017; La piedad popular del Perú conmoverá al Papa Francisco, asegura Cardenal Cipriani, ACI Prensa, Vaticano, 05 Dic. 17 / 07:52 pm; Cardenal afirma: El Niño Dios está con nosotros, no es una tradición del pasado, video, ACI Prensa, Lima, 24 Dic. 17 / 06:34 pm; Al menos 48 muertos en accidente en Perú: Cardenal ofrece oraciones por las víctimas, ACI Prensa, Lima, 02 Ene. 18 / 07:26 pm; Cardeal Cipriani sobre viagem do Papa ao Peru: esperança e alegria, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 04 janeiro 2018, 13:19; Cardenal Cipriani: Todos pueden ir a la Misa del Papa Francisco en Lima, ACI Prensa, 7 de enero de 2018 10:45 am; Card. Cipriani: enorme speranza per il viaggio del Papa in Perù by Amedeo Lomonaco, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 12 gennaio 2018, 11:57, with audio; Lima Cardinal says Pope brings Jesus to the people, Vatican News, 19 January 2018, 11:55, with video; Cuando sacas a Jesús de tu vida “hay un asalto de dioses falsos”, advierte Cardenal, ACI Prensa, 3 de marzo de 2018 2:08 pm; Defendamos la familia, alienta Cardenal a nuevo Presidente del Perú, ACI Prensa, 25 de marzo de 2018 11:04 am; Misa Crismal en Perú: “Cuiden el tesoro de su vocación sacerdotal”, dice el cardenal Juan Luis Cipriani, Ecclesia Digital, 30 de marzo de 2018; Cardenal Cipriani anima a fieles a sumarse a la Marcha por la Vida en Perú, ACI Prensa, 19 de abril de 2018 3:58 pm; ¿Cómo un cardenal ayudó a su país a clasificar al Mundial Rusia 2018? by David Ramos, ACI Prensa, 21 de abril de 2018 10:56 am; Cardenal Cipriani condecorado en Congreso de Perú por labor pastoral y valentía, ACI Prensa, 30 de mayo de 2018 4:35 pm, with video; Que la familia sea un lugar para Jesús, alienta Cardenal en Corpus Christi, ACI Prensa, 4 de junio de 2018 10:31 pm; Los dos cardenales de Perú envían este mensaje de unidad a la Iglesia, ACI Prensa,28 de junio de 2018 12:03 pm, with video; Papa Francisco envía bendición apostólica al Cardenal Cipriani por sus 30 años de obispo, ACI Prensa, 3 de julio de 2018 8:44 pm; Día de la familia en Perú: Cardenal exhorta a padres e hijos a ser siempre agradecidos, ACI Prensa, 9 de septiembre de 2018 12:17 pm; Cardenal alienta diálogo democrático para evitar enfrentamiento de poderes en Perú, ACI Prensa, 18 de septiembre de 2018 8:37 pm; Hace falta madurez para superar la crisis actual en Perú, asegura Cardenal, ACI Prensa, 3 de noviembre de 2018 5:41 pm; El demonio usa el aborto para eliminar millones de vida, denuncia Cardenal, ACI Prensa, 5 de noviembre de 2018 6:41 pm; Condecoran a Cardenal Cipriani por defender la vida en Perú, ACI Prensa, 15 de noviembre de 2018, 4:41 pm; Cardenal denuncia a grupo que “impone pensamiento” en la prensa de Perú, ACI Prensa, 25 de noviembre de 2018 9:29 am; El Padre Ugo De Censi fue un hijo fiel de Don Bosco, afirma Cardenal durante funeral, ACI Prensa, 5 de diciembre de 2018 10:51 am; Cardenal Cipriani declara 2019 “Año de la Iniciación Cristiana” en Lima, ACI Prensa, 12 de enero de 2019 4:01 pm; “Los llevo en mi corazón y rezo por cada una de sus familias”, Arzobispado de Lima, jueves, 7 febrero 2019; Cardenal Cipriani agradece a fieles por acompañarlo en sus 20 años como Arzobispo de Lima, ACI Prensa, 25 de febrero de 2019 12:29 pm; Cardenal Cipriani expresa su pésame por muerte de expresidente Alan García, ACI Prensa, 17 de abril de 2019 3:16 pm; Cardenal Cipriani: Alan García está ahora implorando a Dios por sus pecados, ACI Prensa, 18 de abril de 2019 5:32 pm; ¿Cuántas horas trabaja un Cardenal? Así responde este Purpurado by Walter Sánchez Silva, ACI Prensa, 1 de mayo de 2019 6:05 pm; Cardenal pide a católicos buscar la verdad porque esta no ofende [Video], ACI Prensa, 9 de junio de 2019 4:38 pm; Cardenal Cipriani consagró altar de nuevo Santuario de Nuestro Señor de Luren en Perú by Carla Marquina, ACI Prensa, 16 de junio de 2019 11:16 am; En el mundo hay una profunda crisis de la verdad, advierte Cardenal, ACI Prensa, 17 de octubre de 2019 8:47 pm.

(1) On August 23, 1982, Pope John Paul II erected the Personal Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei by the apostolic constitution Ut Sit.


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(187) 28. ÁLVAREZ MARTÍNEZ, Francisco
(1925-2022)

Birth. July 14, 1925, Santa Eulalia de Ferroñes, Llanera, archdiocese of Oviedo, Spain. Son of Francisco Álvarez and Carmen Martínez.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Valdediós and at the Major Seminary of Oviedo; at the Pontifical University of Salamanca; and at the Pontifical University of Comillas, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 11, 1950, Oviedo. In the archdiocese of Oviedo, pastoral ministry and private secretary to the archbishop for 7 years; secretary-chancellor; pro-vicar general.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Tarazona, April 13, 1973. Consecrated, June 3, 1973, cathedral of Tarazona, by Luigi Dadaglio, titular archbishop of Daro, nuncio to Spain, assisted by Pedro Cantero Cuadrado, archbishop of Zaragoza, and by José Méndez Asensio, archbishop of Pamplona. Apostolic administrator sede plena of Calahorra-La Calzada y Logroño, July 7, 1975. Transferred to the see of Calahora y La Calzada-Logroño, December 20, 1976. Transferred to the see of Orihuela-Alicante, May 12, 1989. Attended the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Promoted to the metropolitan and primatial see of Toledo, June 23, 1995. During his episcopate in Toledo he reorganized the diocesan administration, with the creation of territorial vicariates and reconfiguration of the Curia; encouraged the secular apostolate with the empowerment of the Catholic Action; and continued the development of the diocesan media with the creation of the Diocesan Television Channel in 1997. He also took special care of the diocesan Caritas, inaugurating the 2000 Home for the care and assistance of AIDS patients. In 2002 the Holy See approved the statutes of the San Ildefonso de Toledo Higher Institute of Theological Studies, added to the Faculty of Theology of the San Dámaso Ecclesiastical University; as a channel for the development of theological research and Church History, he promoted the creation of the Toletana journal in 1999. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999, by papal appointment.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria "Regina Pacis" a Monte Verde, February 21, 2001. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Toledo, October 24, 2002. After retiring, he resided in Madrid. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, July 14, 2005.

Death. January 5, 2022, at 6:45 a.m., in a hospital in Madrid. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, the pope sent a telegram of condolence to Francisco Cerro Chaves, archbishop of Toledo. The funeral of the late cardinal was held on Friday, January 7, at noon, in the primatial cathedral, and was be presided over by the archbishop of Toledo. The coffin with the mortal remains of the late cardinal was installed in the afternoon in the Chapel of the Immaculate, located on Trinidad street. The body of the late cardinal was buried in the primatial cathedral, in front of the Chapel of the Descent of the Virgin. According to his wishes, the remains of his parents and only sister, who died in childhood, were placed in his same vault upon his burial.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 138.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph, arms and biography, in Spanish, Archdiocese of Toledo; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Los Arzobispos de Toledo, in Spanish, archdiocese of Toledo, Spain; Fallece el cardenal Francisco Álvarez Martínez, quien fuera arzobispo primado de España, Vida Nueva Digital, 05/01/2022; La morte del cardinale Francisco Álvarez Martínez, L'Osservatore Romano, 05 gennaio 2022; Fallece a los 96 años el cardenal emérito de Toledo Francisco Álvarez Martínez, El Español, 5 enero, 2022 09:25; È deceduto il cardinale Francisco Álvarez Martíne, arcivescovo emerito di Toledo, Il Sismografo, mercoledì 5 gennaio 2022; Tolón lamenta la muerte del cardenal Francisco Álvarez Martínez, que dejó "una profunda huella espiritual en Toledo", Europa Press, Toledo, 5 Ene 2022; Francisco Álvarez será enterrado el viernes en la Catedral, La Tribuna de Toledo, miércoles, 5 de enero de 2022; Spagna, morto a 96 anni il Cardinale Francisco Alvarez Martinez by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Madrid, 05 gennaio, 2022 / 3:00 PM; Instalada la capilla ardiente del cardenal Francisco Alvárez, La Tribuna de Toledo, miércoles, 5 de enero de 2022; La Caridad enterraría a Francisco Álvarez según la tradición by J. Monroy, La Tribuna de Toledo, miércoles, 5 de enero de 2022; Adiós al cardenal discreto by Miguel Ángel Dionisio Vivas, La Tribuna de Toledo, miércoles, 5 de enero de 2022; Último adiós a Francisco Álvarez y a «su bondad» by Jaime Galán, La Tribuna de Toledo, viernes, 7 de enero de 2022; Mons. Cerro: “El cardenal Álvarez vivió con esa sencillez y humildad que tienen las almas grandes” by Juan F. Pacheco, Archidiócesis de Toledo, 07/01/2022; El antiguo arzobispo Francisco Álvarez Martínez ha sido enterrado en la Catedral de Toledo, El Español, 7 enero, 2022 13:47.


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(188) 29. HUMMES, O.F.M., Cláudio
(1934-2022)

Birth. August 8, 1934, Montenegro, archdiocese of Porto Alegre, Brazil. His family originated in Germany. He was the third of the thirteen children of Pedro Adão Hummes and Maria Frank Hummes. He was baptized with the names Aury Affonso; he took the name Cláudio when he became a Franciscan. One of his brothers died in 1999.

Education. Joined the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans) on February 1, 1952; solemn profession, February 2, 1956; Seminary Seráfico São Francisco, Taquari; Convent São Boaventura, Daltro Filho, Garibaldi (philosophy); Convent of Divinópolis, Divinópolis (theology); Pontifical Antonian Athenaeum, Rome (doctorate in philosophy; thesis: Renovação das provas tradicionais da existência de Deus por Maurice Blondel em l'Action [1893]); Institut Oecuménique, Bossey, Geneva, Switzerland (specialization in Ecumenism). Besides his native Portuguese, he also spoke Spanish, German and Italian.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 3, 1958, Divinópolis, by João Batista Resende Costa, S.D.B., titular archbishop of Martiropoli, coadjutor, with right of succession, of Belo Horizonte. Further studies, Rome, 1959-1963. Further studies, Geneva, Switzerland, 1968. Professor of philosophy, Franciscan Seminary of Garibaldi and pastoral ministry in a parish, 1963-1968; concurrently, consultor for ecumenism of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, 1965-1968. Further studies, Geneva, Switzerland, 1968. From 1969 to 1972, professor and rector of the faculty of Philosophy of Viamão (RS), and professor of philosophy in the Pontifical Catholic University of Porto Alegre and counselor to the Franciscan students of philosophy. Provincial superior of the Franciscans of Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre, 1972-1975. President of the Latin American Franciscan Council.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Carcabia and appointed coadjutor with right of succession of Santo André, March 22, 1975. Consecrated, May 25, 1975, Mother of God cathedral, Porto Alegre, by Aloísio Lorscheider, O.F.M., archbishop of Fortaleza, assisted by Mauro Morelli, titular bishop of Vartaba, and by Urbano Allgayer, titular bishop of Tunnuna. His episcopal motto was Omnes vos fratres (Vos sois todos irmaos). Succeeded to the see of Santo André, December 29, 1975. In Santo André, he helped to organize the metallurgical labor unions and supported their strikes; he also opened the doors of the churches to the clandestine reunions of the unionists and hid the leaders, persecuted by the military dictatorship (1964-1985), among them Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, then president of Brazil; he opposed the Theology of Liberation and was a tireless defender of the poor and human rights. Attended the Fifth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. Attended the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Fortaleza, May 29, 1996. He was one of the leading organizers of the World Encounter of Families in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Transferred to the metropolitan see of São Paulo, April 15, 1998. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Preached the Lenten spiritual exercises at the Vatican for the pope and the Roman Curia, February 18 to 23, 2002. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, December 16, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of São Paulo and was named prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy, October 31, 2006. Participated in the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place from May 13 to 31, 2007, in Aparecida, Brazil. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". Participated in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, October 4 to 25, 2009, Vatican City, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World". Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 16th Eucharistic Congress of Brazil, which took place in Brasília from May 13 to 16, 2010. Resigned the prefecture of the Congregation for the Clergy for limit of age on October 7, 2010. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. On September 14, 2013, he was named special papal envoy to the conclusive celebrations of the 25th anniversary of the canonization of Saint Roque González de Santa Cruz, S.J., and martyr companions, programmed in Asunción, Paraguay, on November 15, 2013. Confirmed as member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on January 15, 2014. He lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on August 8, 2014. He is delegate for Amazzonia of the Episcopal Conference of Brazil. He resides in São Paulo. On March 8, 2018, the Pope named him member of the pre-synodal Council which will collaborate with the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops in the preparation of that Assembly. On May 4, 2019, the Pope named him relator general of the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for the Panamazon Region programmed for October 6 to 27, 2019 at the Vatican. Elected member of the Special Council of the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazonian Region on November 23, 2019. On June 29, 2020, he was elected President of the newly founded Ecclesial Conference of the Amazon. On October 14, 2020, he decided to cease in his functions as president of the Red Eclesial Panamazónica (REPAM), which he had occupied since 2014. He was succeeded by Cardinal Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, S.J., archbishop of Huancayo, Perú. On June 17, 2021, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Rosario, Argentina. On March 27, 2022, he resigned from the presidency of the Conferencia Eclesial de la Amazonía (CEAMA) for reasons of health. He was succeeded by Cardinal Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, S.J., archbishop of Huancayo, Perú.

Death. July 4, 2022, shortly after 9 a.m., in São Paulo, Brazil. The cause of death was lung cancer, having been already complicated by Covid-19. He had been infected by Covid-19 and then had to face, together with other pathologies, the complicated phase of the so-called "long-covid". The body of the late cardinal was buried in the crypt of the metrpolitan cathedral of São Paulo on July 6. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, the pope sent Cardinal Odilo Pedro Scherer, archbishop of São Paulo a telegram of condolence. He is survived by his sisters, Irene Maria, Lurdes, Dulce, Alaíde and Marlene, and his brothers, Inacio and Artêmio.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B., André and Charles N. Bransom. "Franciscan bishops." Franciscan Studies, XLVIII (1988), 315-316.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Portuguese, archdiocese of São Paulo; his photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; his photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Ratzinger's resignation seen from the south by Alver Metalli, Vatican Insider, 02/11/2014; Diciotto giorni in Amazzonia by Alver Metalli, Vatican Insider, 9/06/2014; Card. Hummes: "Natal, tempo de alegria, de louvor e de construir a paz" by Cristiane Murray, Audio, Cidade do Vaticano, 22 dezembro 2017, 14:58; 2017 "Annus horribilis" for the Amazon. The denunciation of Cardinal Hummes and Bishop Erwin Krautler, Agenzia Fides, Brasilia, Thursday, 4 January 2018; Card. Hummes: speranze delle popolazioni Amazzonia per incontro con il Papa by Christiane Murray e Debora Donnini, vaticannews.va, Città del Vaticano, 13 gennaio 2018, 10:32, with audio; Il Card. Hummes: “Per l’Amazzonia un modello di sviluppo a partire dal Vangelo” by Silvano Malini, Omnis Terra, Rivista di cultura e missione delle Pontificie Opere Missionarie; Cardinal Hummes: "A model of development for the Amazon starting from the Gospel", Agenzia Fides, Friday, 19 January 2018; Card. Hummes: "Papa quer novos caminhos para a Amazônia" by Cristiane Murray, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 09 março 2018, 11:49; Card. Hummes: presença gratificante e estimulante do Papa, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 14 abril 2018, 13:22, with audio; Card. Hummes: Papa Francesco il grande animatore del Sinodo per l’Amazzonia by Cristiane Murray, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 03 luglio 2018, 11:37, with audio; Card. Hummes: "Sínodo Amazônico é para a Igreja de todo o mundo" by Cristiane Murray, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 02 julho 2018, 14:55, with audio; Card. Cláudio Hummes: 60 anos de padre e 84 de sabedoria, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 08 agosto 2018, 12:25; Cardeal Hummes: apoio da Europa na defesa dos direitos humanos da Pan-Amazônia by Mariangela Jaguraba, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 21 setembro 2018, 13:32, with audio; Rumo ao Sínodo Pan-Amazônico: o encorajamento do Cardeal Hummes, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 27 dezembro 2018, 10:09; Sínodo amazônico: dimensão regional e universal em debate no Vaticano by Bianca Fraccalvieri, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, with audio, 25 fevereiro 2019, 09:34; Cardenales Baldisseri y Hummes en Washington: superar despilfarro, Ecclesia Digital, 25 de marzo de 2019; Card. Hummes: dal Sinodo nuove vie per salvare l’Amazzonia by Silvonei Protz, Vatican News, Aparecida, 11 maggio 2019, 08:00; Sinodo Amazzonia, Hummes: ci sono resistenze da imprese e politica by Domenico Agasso jr, Città del Vaticano, 13/05/2019 alle ore 16:32; A unified Church welcomes diversity, cardinal says, ucanews.com, Vatican City, May 14, 2019; Card. Hummes: estamos en el centro de una grave y urgente crisis climática y ecológica by Griselda Mutual, vaticannews.va, Ciudad del Vaticano, 30 mayo 2019, 13:32; Livro do Cardeal Hummes “O Sínodo para a Amazônia” disponível nas livrarias italianas, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 21 junho 2019, 14:04; Dom Cláudio Hummes celebra aniversário e recebe homenagens, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 08 agosto 2019, 09:55; Cardinal Hummes: stop the predators of the Amazonian rain forest, Vatican News, 24 August 2019, 12:24; Intervento dell’Em.mo Card. Cláudio Hummes, O.F.M., #SinodoAmazonico - Conferenza Stampa di presentazione dell’Assemblea Speciale del Sinodo dei Vescovi per la regione Panamazzonica sul tema: "Amazzonia: nuovi cammini per la Chiesa e per una ecologia integrale", Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 03.10.2019; #SinodoAmazonico - 1ª Congregazione Generale: Relazione introduttiva del Relatore Generale, Card. Cláudio Hummes, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 07.10.2019; Chair of pope’s Amazon summit puts married priests, women squarely on the table by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Oct 7, 2019; Don't fear what is new, Cardinal Hummes says, introducing synod topics by Barbara J. Fraser, Catholic News Service, Vatican City, 10.7.2019 11:32 AM ET; Hummes: le comunità indigene chiedono l’ordinazione di uomini sposati by Iacopo Sacaramuzzi, Vatican Insider, 07 Ottobre 2019; Brazilian cardinal urges synod to open doors, knock down walls and build bridges by Father Thomas Reese, S.J., National Catholic Reporter, Vatican City, Oct 10, 2019; Cardeal Hummes: Nossa Senhora Aparecida abençoe o futuro das crianças, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 12 outubro 2019, 09:18; El cardenal Hummes presentó el borrador del Documento final by Larissa I. López, Zenit, octubre 21, 2019 19:27; Hummes: dal Sinodo un richiamo all’umanità per salvare il pianeta by Silvonei Protz, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 26 ottobre 2019, 21:10; Un processo sinodale che continua. Il cardinale Hummes traccia un primo bilancio dell’assemblea speciale per l’Amazzonia by Silvonei Protz, L'Osservatore Romano, 29 ottobre 2019; Cardeal Hummes: do Sínodo um apelo à humanidade para salvar o planeta by Silvonei José, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 26 outubro 2019, 20:58, with audio of entire interview; Hummes: “Il Sinodo più avanti delle aspettative. Le critiche di idolatria? Chi le ha fatte sapeva di mentire” by Salvatore Cernuzio, Vatican Insider, Assisi, 31 Ottobre 2019 13:10; Cardeal Hummes: Querida Amazonia traz repercussão local, mas também fala ao mundo by Silvonei José and Andressa Collet, Vatican News, Cidade do Vaticano, 12 fevereiro 2020, 18:21, with audio; El cardenal Hummes no ve en la exhortación ‘Querida Amazonía’ de Francisco un portazo a la ordenación de hombres casados by Rubén Cruz, Vida Nueva Digital, 13/02/2020; El cardenal Hummes anuncia la creación del Organismo Episcopal Panamazónico by Larissa I. López, Zenit, abril 06, 2020 13:52; The “historic” Amazonian Synod, revisited by George Wigel, The Catholic World Report, April 29, 2020; Cardeal Hummes: a Igreja e a REPAM devem ser aliadas dos povos da Pan-Amazônia, Vatican News, 02 maio 2020, 14:19, with audio; Nace la Conferencia Eclesial de la Amazonía by Manuel Cubías, Vatican News, Ciudad del Vaticano, 29 junio 2020, 19:51, with video; Cardeal Cláudio Hummes: “A nova Conferência Eclesial da Amazônia deve levar a sério as decisões do Sínodo” by Joelma Viana, Vatican News, REPAM, 18 agosto 2020, 14:32; El cardenal Barreto, nuevo presidente de la Red Eclesial Panamazónica. Comunicado del cardenal Hume by Larissa I. López, Zenit, octubre 15, 2020 09:27; Proseguir con la aplicación del Sínodo de la Amazonía, Vatican News, 29 octubre 2020, 15:04; Conversione pastorale e inclusione ecologica by Marcelo Figueroa, L'Osservatore Romano, 18 novembre 2020; Dom Cláudio Hummes recorda o atentado a São João Paulo II, Vatican News, 13 maio 2021, 13:51, with audio; Alegría del Papa Francisco ante el Honoris Causa al cardenal Hummes: “un sembrador de esperanza” by Luis Miguel Modino, Prensa CELAM, Bogotá, D. C., 17 de junio de 2021; Cardenal Hummes llama a la Iglesia de la Amazonía a pasar del deber hacer al hacer by Luis Miguel Modino, Prensa CELAM, Bogotá, D. C., 20 de julio de 2021; Amazzonia: card. Hummes (Ceama), operare “in rete e in sinodalità. Aprire scuole per diaconi, catechisti e leader comunitari”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 21 Luglio 2021 @ 9:46; Hummes: in Amazzonia molto da fare per realizzare il Sinodo, formare diaconi by Salvatore Cernuzio, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 21 luglio 2021, 15:45; Cardeal Hummes: “é o Espírito Santo que renova a Igreja” by Padre Modino - CELAM, Vatican News, 10 agosto 2021, 10:11, with audio; CEAMA. Cardenal Hummes: “El Espíritu hace al pueblo sujeto de la sinodalidad”, Vatican News, Ciudad del Vaticano, 10 agosto 2021, 12:27; Hummes: Comprometernos en la lucha por la conservación de la Amazonía, Vatican News, 06 septiembre 2021, 10:50; Dom Cláudio, CEAMA: “as gerações futuras nos cobrarão se não fizermos a nossa parte” by Silvonei José, Vatican News, 28 setembro 2021, 10:39; Papa Francisco erige canónicamente la Conferencia Eclesial de la Amazonía (CEAMA) by Luis Miguel Modino, Prensa CELAM, Bogotá, D. C., 16 de octubre de 2021; Cop26. Il cardinale Hummes: «Clima, l'Amazzonia ha fretta: perderla sarebbe fatale» by Lucia Capuzzi, inviata a Glasgow, Avvenire, giovedì 4 novembre 2021; La Iglesia de la Amazonía envía una carta a líderes en la cumbre de la COP26, Vatican News, Ciudad del Vaticano, 05 noviembre 2021, 10:47; La CEAMA en el corazón de la Iglesia en América Latina y el Caribe, Vatican News, 28 noviembre 2021, 14:32; Cardenal Hummes: «La CEAMA importa y marca la diferencia», by Luis Miguel Modino, Prensa CELAM, Bogotá, D. C., 13 diciembre de 2021; Dom Cláudio Hummes: Mensagem do presidente da CEAMA para o início de 2022 by Luis Miguel Modino - CELAM, Vatican News, 14 janeiro 2022, 10:17, with video; Renuncia a la presidencia de la CEAMA el card. Hummes y los obispos Coter y Martínez, Vicariato Apostólico de Pando, Il Sismografo, lunedì 28 marzo 2022; Cardenal Hummes: CEAMA, “mejorar, crecer y compartir esta peregrinación que nuestra amada Amazonía requiere, anhela y necesita” by Luis Miguel Modino, Prensa CELAM, Bogotá, D.C., 28 de marzo de 2022; Brésil : décès du cardinal Hummes, proche du pape François, Le Figaro avec AFP, Juillet 04, 2022; E' deceduto il cardinale brasiliano Cláudio Hummes. Aveva 87 anni. E' stato considerato il "grande elettore" di Papa Bergoglio, Il Sismografo, lunedì 4 luglio 2022; Brazilian Cardinal Cláudio Hummes dies at 87 by Hannah Brockhaus, Catholic News Agency, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Jul 4, 2022 / 09:24 am; El Celam, solidario con la Iglesia en Brasil: “Hummes fue un obispo para todos” by Ángel Alberto Morillo, Vida Nueva Digital, 04/07/2022; Repam y Ceama honran el legado del cardenal Cláudio Hummes: “Nos mostró su opción preferencial por la Amazonía” by Ángel Morillo, adn.celam.org, 4 de julio de 2022; Pesar de Dom Paloschi pela morte do Card. Hummes. "Vá em paz, irmão e profeta da Amazônia!", Vatican News, 05 julho 2022, 09:07, with audio; Ir. Laura Vicuña: "Dom Cláudio compromisso incondicional com os povos indígenas", Vatican News, 05 julho 2022, 09:34; Card. Hummes: Celam, “voce di speranza che continuerà a guidare l’ardore evangelizzatore di tante comunità”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 5 Luglio 2022 @ 9:35; Cardinal Cláudio Hummes dies in Brazil; he inspired the pope to pick the name ‘Francis’ by Eduardo Campos Lima, Crux, São Paulo, Jul 5, 2022, with audio; Papa Francesco: "Ricordo le parole del Cardinale Hummes" al termine del conclave by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 05 luglio, 2022 / 2:30 PM; Brazilian Cardinal Humes, the pope "great friend" dies at 87, La Croix International, July 5, 2022; Il lutto. È morto il cardinale Hummes. "Raccomandò" i poveri a papa Francesco by Stefania Falasca, Avvenire, martedì 5 luglio 2022; REPAM sobre a morte de Dom Cláudio: “Que sua luz continue a brilhar” by Rosa M. Martins, Vatican News, REPAM, 05 julho 2022, 16:59; Even After Retirement, Cardinal Hummes Was a Central Figure in the Pontificate of Pope Francis by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, July 6, 2022; Missa de Corpo Presente - Cardeal Cláudio Hummes - Catedral da Sé - São Paulo, 04/07/2022; Cardeal Scherer: “Dom Cláudio lançou as sementes do Evangelho e da vida nova", Vatican News, 07 julho 2022, 08:28; Manter a memória e o testemunho de dom Cláudio Hummes by Mariangela Jaguraba, Vatican News, 07 julho 2022, 12:31, with audio; Gracias, Dom Cláudio. Adiós al profeta de la Amazonia, Misión CELAM, 8 julio 2022; Cardinal Cláudio Hummes, Close Ally of Pope Francis, Dies at 87Cardinal Cláudio Hummes, Close Ally of Pope Francis, Dies at 87 by Clay Risen and Flavia Milhorance, The New York Times, July 13, 2022, 6:01 p.m. ET; Agosto 24: Inauguración de Cátedra Universitaria Amazónica Cardenal Cláudio Hummes; siga la transmisión por Facebook by Paola Calderón Gómez, ADN CELAM, 23 de agosto de 2022; «Quando fui eletto Hummes mi disse: “Non aver paura, è stato lo Spirito Santo”» L'Osservatore Romano 14 marzo 2023.


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(189) 30. VITHAYATHIL, C.SS.R., Varkey
(1927-2011)

Birth. May 29, 1927, Parur, archieparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars, India. Son of Justice Joseph Vithayathil and his wife, Thresiamma.

Education. Joined the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists); professed, August 2, 1947. Studied at Redemptorist houses of study, India (philosophy and theology); at the Pontifical University "S. Tommaso d'Aquino" (Angelicum Athenaeum), Rome (doctorate in canon law; thesis: Origin and development of the Syro-Malabar hierarchy); at the University of Karnataka, Karnataka (master's in philosophy).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 12, 1954, by Thomas Pothacamury, archbishop of Bangalore. Further studies, Rome, 1955-1959. Professor of canon law and other subjects for almost 25 years at the Redemptorist Major Seminary of Bangalore. Further studies, Karnakata, 1971-1972. Provincial superior of his congregation in India and Sri Lanka, 1978-1984. National president of the Conference of Religious in India, 1984-1985. Apostolic administrator of the Benedictine monastery of Asirvanam, Bangalore, 1990-1996.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Acrida, apostolic administrator, sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis, of Ernakulam-Angamaly, November 11, 1996. Consecrated, January 6, 1997, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, section of General Affairs, and by Miroslav Stefan Marusyn, titular archbishop of Cadi, secretary of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches. His episcopal motto was Obedience and peace. Transferred to titular see of Antinoe and appointed apostolic administrator, sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis, of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars, April 19, 1997. Attended Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19 to May 14, 1998. Promoted to archbishop major of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars, December 23, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Bernardo alle Terme, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old on May 29, 2007. Elected president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India (CBCI), at Jamshedpur, February 19, 2008; occupied the post until March 3, 2010. Attended the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 5 to 26, 2008, on "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". The cardinal was not very active since suffering a heart attack in 2010.

Death. April 1, 2011, in Ernakulam; he suffered a major cardiac arrest while participating in a Mass at the chapel of the archbishop's house that afternoon. He was rushed to the nearby Lisie Hospital, in Kochi, where doctors tried to revive him but failed. He died at 2 p.m., Catholic Church spokesperson Father Paul Thelekat said. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI sent Bosco Puthur, bishop of the curia of the archbishopric major of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Siro-Malabars, a telegram of condolence (1). After initial prayers at the Lisie hospital chapel, the cardinal's body was taken to the mortuary at Little Flower hospital at Angamaly. Among those who paid their last respects was Communist Party of India-Marxist general secretary Prakash Karat. All the Syro Malabar Bishops from Kerala were then in Rome for the ad limina visit. His funeral took place on Sunday, April 10, 2011, at 2:30 p.m., at Saint Mary's cathedral basilica, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala, India. There were special prayers, holy Masses and other rites at the Syro-Malabar churches and other establishments. Bishop Bosco Puthur, administrator of the archdiocese major of Ernakulam-Angamaly, said black flags were hoisted at the churches as part of the mourning. The president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India, Cardinal Oswald Gracias, archbishop of Bombay; Cardinal Telesphore Placidus Toppo, archbishop of Ranchi; the papal nuncio to India, Archbishop Salvatore Pennacchio; the heads of the Malankar and Latin Churches and other Church leaders also attended the funeral. The body of the cardinal was buried in the cathedral basilica of Saint Mary, in Ernakulam. The authority of the Syro Malabar church resided with Curia Bishop Bosco Puthur. Until the next major archbishop was elected by the Synod of Bishops of the Syro-Malabar Church, Bishop Puthur administered the major archdiocese.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; his photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Cardinal Vithayathil elected new president of Indian bishops by Nirmala Carvalho, AsiaNews, 02/19/2008 15:06; Cardinal Vithayathil: A courageous leader for the good of the faithful and Church in India by Card. Oswald Gracias, AsiaNews, 04/02/2011 10:35.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

The Right Reverend Mar Bosco Puthur
Major archeparchial Curia
Kakkanad
I WAS DEEPLY SADDENED TO HEAR OF THE DEATH OF CARDINAL VARKEY VITHAYATHIL, MAJOR ARCHBISHOP OF ERNAKULAM-ANGAMALY. I OFFER YOU, THE CLERGY, RELIGIOUS AND LAY FAITHFUL OF THE ENTIRE SYRO-MALABAR CHURCH MY DEEPEST CONDOLENCES AND THE ASSURANCE OF MY PRAYERS. I RECALL WITH GRATITUDE THE CARDINAL’S DEDICATION AND SERVICE TO THE SYRO-MALABARS AND TO THE UNIVERSAL CHURCH. I JOIN YOU AND ALL WHO MOURN HIM, INCLUDING THE MEMBERS OF THE LATE CARDINAL’S FAMILY, IN COMMENDING HIS SOUL TO THE INFINITE MERCY OF GOD OUR LOVING FATHER. TO ALL ASSEMBLED FOR THE SOLEMN FUNERAL LITURGY, I CORDIALLY IMPART MY APOSTOLIC BLESSING AS A PLEDGE OF CONSOLATION AND STRENGTH IN THE LORD.

BENEDICTUS PP. XVI


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(190) 31. BERGOGLIO, S.J., Jorge Mario
(1936-

Birth. December 17, 1936, in the Flores neighborhood, Great Buenos Aires, Argentina. The family emigrated from Piedmont, Italy, because of Fascism. Eldest child of Mario Bergoglio, from Portacomaro, a railway worker, and Regina Sivori, an Argentinian, a housewife who took care of the initial education of the five children. The other siblings were Alberto Horacio, Óscar Adrián, Marta Regina and María Elena, who is the only one alive of the four. He was baptized on December 25, 1936, in the Salesian parish of San Carlos Borromeo and basilica of María Auxiliadora, by Father Enrique Pozzoli, S.D.B., who later was his spiritual director. His godparents were Francisco Sívori and Rosa Vassallo de Bergoglio. He received sacrament of confirmation on Sunday October 8, 1944, in Flores, Buenos Aires. At the age of 21, he had a pulmonary illness and the upper part of his right lung was removed. He liked to play soccer in the neighborhood and when he grew up, he developed a passion for the tango. His nephew, José Luis Narvaja (son of Marta Regina Bergoglio) is a Jesuit priest. His second cousin, Sister Ana Rosa Sivori, religious of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, has worked as a missionary in Thailand for 46 years.

Education. Initial studies at the Salesian Don Bosco School, Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires. He later obtained the diploma of technician in chemistry at Escuela Secundaria Industrial. He had a job and a girlfriend Amalia Damonte. Entered the Seminary of Villa Devoto, Buenos Aires, and studied there for three years. Joined the Society of Jesus on March 11, 1958. Novitiate in Córdoba (humanities); took his first vows on March 12, 1960; then, studied at Colegio Máximo San José, San Miguel, Buenos Aires (licentiate in philosophy); professor of literature and psychology in Colegio de la Inmaculada, Santa Fe, and in Colegio del Salvador, Buenos Aires; Colegio Máximo de San Miguel, (theology); Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen, Frankfurt am Main, where he spent a few months in 1986 to seek advice from professors for a project of a doctorate which was never concluded. Received the subdiaconate on Wednesday July 30, 1969, in Buenos Aires. Besides his native Spanish, he also speaks Italian and Portuguese, and understands English, French and German.

Priesthood. Ordained, Saturday December 13, 1969, at the chapel of Colegio Máximo de San Miguel, by Ramón José Castellano, titular archbishop of Giomnio. Further studies, 1969-1971; third probation, Alcalá de Henares, Spain, 1971-1972; took the final vows, April 22, 1973. Master of novices, Villa Barilari, San Miguel, 1972-1973; professor in the Theological Faculty; consultor of the Jesuit province and rector of the Colegio Máximo. Elected provincial of Argentina, July 31, 1973. During the Argentinian military dictatorship, he helped hide people being sought for arrest or disappearance by the military because of their political views, helped others leave Argentina and lobbied the country's military rulers directly for the release and protection of others. When the dictatorship was raging and some of his confréres were ready to embrace the rifle and apply the lessons of Karl Marx, he energetically opposed the tendency as provincial of the Society of Jesus in Argentina. Spent some time in Germany. On his return, assigned to Colegio del Salvador, Cárdoba and then, spiritual director and confessor, Jesuit church, Córdoba. Rector of Colegio Máximo de San Miguel and of its Philosophical and Theological Faculties, 1980-1986. He published Meditaciones para religiosos, 1982; Reflexiones sobre la vida apostólica, 1986; and Reflexiones de esperanza, 1992.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Auca and appointed auxiliary of Buenos Aires, May 20, 1992. Consecrated, June 27, 1992, metropolitan and primatial cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Buenos Aires, by Cardinal Antonio Quarracino, archbishop of Buenos Aires, assisted by Ubaldo Calabresi, titular archbishop of Fondi, nuncio to Argentina, and by Emilio Ogñénovich, bishop of Mercedes-Luján. In the same ceremony was also consecrated Raúl Omar Rossi, titular bishop of Enera, auxiliary of Buenos Aires. His episcopal motto was Miserando atque eligendo, which he kept as pope. Attended the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Promoted to archbishop coadjutor of Buenos Aires, June 3, 1997. He moved from the episcopal palace to a small apartment, took public transportation, rode a bicycle and cooked his own meals. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Buenos Aires, February 28, 1998. Ordinary for the faithful of the Oriental rite in Argentina without an ordinary for their own rite, November 30, 1998. Grand chancellor of the Catholic University of Argentina. Second vice-president of the Episcopal Conference of Argentina.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Roberto Bellarmino, February 21, 2001. Member of the Congregations for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, for the Clergy, for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life; and of the Pontifical Council for the Family. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001; relator general adjunct. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. On November 9, 2005, he was elected president of the Episcopal Conference of Argentina for the triennium of 2005-2008; reelected for the triennium 2008-2011 on November 11, 2008. Participated in the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place from May 13 to 31, 2007, in Aparecida, Brazil. Named member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on February 23, 2013. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013 and was elected pope.

Papacy. Elected pope on March 13, 2013. Took the name Francis. On March 19, 2013, took place the inauguration of his Petrine ministry as bishop of Rome. On March 26, 2013, the Argentinian city of La Plata became the first to name a street after him. He took possession of the papal Lateran basilica, cathedral of the see of Rome, on Sunday April 7, 2013, at 5:30 p.m. He has created eighty eight cardinals in six consistories. He has published three encyclicals: Lumen fidei. June 29, 2013; Laudato si’, May 24, 2015; and Fratelli tutti, October 3, 2020.

Bibliography. Allen, John L. The Francis miracle : inside the transformation of the Pope and the Church. Des Moines, Iowa : Time Books, 2015; Beltramo Álvarez, Andrés. Quiero lío. Francisco: un año de papado. Secretos del mito. Prologue by de Luis Novaresio. Buenos Aires : Hyspamerica ; R.P.Centro Editor de Cultura, 2014; Capuzzi, Lucia. Rosa dei due mondi. Cinisello Balsam : Edizioni San Paolo, 2014; Fernández Víctor, Manuel: Rodari, Paolo. Il progetto di Francesco. Dove vuole portare la Chiesa. Bologna : Editrice Missionaria Italiana, 2014. (Emibook); Francesco (Jorge Mario Bergoglio); Spadaro, Antonio. Papa Francesco. La mia porta è sempre aperta. Una conversazione con Antonio Spadaro. Milano : Rizzoli Editore, 2013. (Saggi); Ivereigh, Austen. The great reformer. Francis and the making of a radical pope. New York : Henry Holt and Co., 2014; Pérez, Silvina ; Scaraffia, Lucetta. Francesco il papa americano. Introduzione di Giovanni Maria Vian. Torino : Utet, 2017; Pigozzi, Caroline ; Madelin, Henri. Ainsi fait-il. Paris : Plon, 2013; Piqué, Elisabetta. Francisco, vida y revolución. Buenos Aires : El Ateneo, 2013; Rubín, Sergio ; Ambrogetti, Francesca. El jesuíta : conversaciones con el cardenal Jorge Bergoglio, sj. Barcelona : Vergara, Grupo Zeta, 2010. (Biografía e historia); Scavo, Nello. La lista di Bergoglio. I salvati da papa Francesco durante la dittatura. La storia mai raccontata. Prefazione di Adolfo Pérez Esquivel. Bologna : Editrice Missionaria Italiana EMI, 2013. (Lampi di Storia); Tornielli, Andrea. I fioretti di papa Francesco. Milano : Piemme, 2013; Velásquez O., César Mauricio ; Beltramo Álvarez, Andrés. De Benedicto a Francisco; Los 30 días que cambiaron la Iglesia. Bogotá : Grupo Editorial Planeta, 2013; Vidal, José Manuel ; Bastante, Jesús. Francisco, el nuevo Juan XXIII. Jorge Mario Bergoglio. El primer pontífice americano para una nueva primavera de la Iglesia. Buenos Aires : Desclée de Brouwer ; Religión Digital Libros, 2013. (Benedicto XVI en 50 ideas).

Webgraphy. Biography by Massimo Faggioli, in Italian, Enciclopedia dei Papi (2014), Treccani; photograph and biography, in Spanish, Agencia Informativa Católica Argentina (AICA); photograph and biography, in English, Press Office of the Holy See; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photographs, arms and biography, in Spanish, Wikipedia; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; 'Poor man!' says new pope's sister, Inquirer News; La hermana del papa a RT: Francisco tendrá fuerzas para enfrentar la crisis de la Iglesia, in Spanish, RT; his papal coat of arms, Cantuale Antonianum; his episcopal lineage, by Charles N. Bransom, Jr., Apostolic Succession & Episcopal Lineages in the Roman Catholic Church;

2013
Jorge Bergoglio n’a pas été complice de la dictature argentine !, Aleteia, 15 mars 2013; Habemus Papam, YouTube, Mar 24, 2013; El papa Francisco nació a la fe en la iglesia de Gardel by Natalia Kidd, EFE, El Nuevo Herald, Séptimo Día, domingo 24 de marzo de 2013; Revelan lo que el Cardenal Bergoglio esperaba del nuevo Papa y pidió a los electores, ACI/EWTN Noticias, 26 Mar. 13 / 06:05 pm.; Video: Componen un tango para el Papa Francisco, "el Jorge de Flores", ACI/EWTN Noticias, 27 Mar. 13 / 07:15 am; A Big Heart Open to God: An interview with Pope Francis, Antonio Spadaro, S.J., America, September 30, 2013; Ora la «Lista di Bergoglio» diventa film by Roberto I. Zanini and Angela Calvini, Avvenire, 19 ottobre 2013; Guardini, un "maestro" che Bergoglio non ha mai avuto by Sandro Magister, Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso Spa, 21 ottubre 2013; Bergoglio & Borges, realtà e imprecisioni di un' "amicizia" by Jorge Milia, in Iyalian, Vatican Insider, 6/12/2013;
2014
Bergoglio di Fierro: l'epopea è per la vita by Stefania Falasca, Avvenire, 6 giugno 2014; I salvati da Bergoglio. La «seconda lista» by Nello Scavo, Avvenire, 13 ottobre 2014; I due mondi di Rosa, la nonna del Papa by Stefania Falasca, in Italian, Avvenire, 15 novembre 2014;
2015
Papa Francisco entrevistado por Valentina Alazraki - Televisa, El Tequio Cristiano, You Tube, ublished on May 17, 2015; Papa Francesco incontra i parenti a Torino by Marianna Natale, Avvenire, 20 giugno 2015;
2016
Carta d’identità. La misericordia secondo Bergoglio by Pietro Parolin, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 gennaio 2016; Francis: The Pope From The New World - Full Documentary, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, YouTube, published on Jan 14, 2016; Un Pape qui ne fait pas de cinéma by Fanny Magdelaine, Aleteia, 30 septembre 2016; Il vescovo in metropolitana by Pietro Parolin, L'Osservatore Romano, 10 novembre 2016;
2017
La homilía que Jorge Mario Bergoglio nunca pronunció en Argentina by Ary Waldir Ramos Díaz, Aleteia, Mar 13, 2017; Hoy el Papa Francisco cumple 25 años de obispo, ACI, 27 Jun. 17 / 02:06 am; 25 años de la ordenación episcopal del Papa Francisco: homilía en la misa de acción de gracias, Ecclesia Digital, Traducción de María Cecilia Mutual – Radio Vaticana, Junio 27, 2007; El Papa a Cardenales: Somos los abuelos de la Iglesia llamados a darle sentido by Miguel Pérez Pichel, ACI, Vaticano, 27 Jun. 17 / 01:56 am; Francisco cumple 25 años de ordenación episcopal: Levántate, mira, ten esperanza y sueña, Zenit, Ciudad del Vaticano, 27 junio 2017; The church is not a museum, so let Francis change things by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Jun. 29, 2017; Il vescovo secondo Bergoglio by Marcello Semeraro, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 agosto 2017; El papa Francisco y las mujeres de su vida by Anne Kurian, Zenit, 1 septiembre 2017; Publican en Francia nuevo libro autobiográfico sobre el Papa Francisco, ACI, Roma, 01 Sep. 17 / 12:10 pm; Of Filial Corrections and Divisive Rhetoric by Father Raynond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, Oct. 9, 2017; Tra semplicità e complessità by Guzmán Carriquiry, L'Osservatore Romano, 06 novembre 2017; La formazione di Jorge Mario Bergoglio by Massimo Borghesi, L'Osservatore Romano, 06 novembre 2017; Messori: Pope Francis is Creating a ‘Liquid Society’ Church by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Nov. 7, 2017; A tale of two popes by Greg Erlandson, The Pilot, Echoes, Wednesday, November 8, 2017; Papal loyalists become dissidents by Thomas Reese, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 8, 2017;
2018
Conservative Catholic dissidents attack Popes Francis and Benedict by Thomas Reese, National Catholic Reporter, Jan 3, 2018; 17 años de la creación del Cardenal Jorge Mario Bergoglio by Rosa Die Alcolea, Zenit, 21 febrero 2018; Pope Francis named Cardinal 17 years ago, Vatican News, 21 February 2018, 12:04; Inspiring pope: Francis often speaks of Paul VI's influence on him by Cindy Wooden, The Boston Pilot, CNS, 2/22/2018; Francis’ Fifth: A Pontificate of Footnotes by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, Feb. 26, 2018; El Papa Francisco crea la fiesta la María Madre de la Iglesia, Ecclesia Digital, 3 de marzo de 2018; Five years in, Americans’ love of Pope Francis remains strong by Michael J. O’Loughlin, America, the Jesuit Review, March 06, 2018; Despite campaign to discredit him, Francis strikes a chord with workers by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Register, Mar 9, 2018; Francis invites change, but we are the change by Joan Chittister, National Catholic Reporter, Mar 10, 2018; 60 años de vida religiosa del Papa Francisco: entrevista al padre Arturo Sosa Abascal by Griselda Mutual, Vatican News, Ciudad del Vaticano, 10 marzo 2018, 16:00, with video; Francis' focus on practicing virtue has guided Catholic universities by John Garvey, National Catholic Reporter, Vatican, Mar 11, 2018; Pope Francis stands on world stage set by John Paul II by Jonathan Luxmoore, National Catholic Reporter, Mar 12, 2018; Cinque anni con Francesco, in cammino tra le sorprese dello Spirito by Sergio Centofanti, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 12 marzo 2018, 13:35; Il y a cinq ans, l'élection du Pape François changeait le visage de l'Église, by Sergio Centofanti, Vatican News, Cité du Vatican, 12 mars 2018, 20:17; Interim results: Pope Francis revitalizes Vatican II reforms by Christian Weisner, Vatican, Mar 13, 2018; Cinco años de la elección del Papa Francisco, Felicítale en Ecclesia Digital, 13 de marzo de 2018; I cinque anni del Papa venuto dalla fine del mondo, Vatican News, 13 marzo 2018, 08:00, with video; Five years in, Pope Francis delivers on promise of Asia focus by Michael Sainsbury, Yangon and Joe Torres, Manila, ucanews.com, March 13, 2018; NCR Podcast: Pope Francis at five years, National Catholic Reporter, Mar 16, 2018; Panel takes stock of 'ennobling' leadership of Pope Francis by Julie Bourbon, National Catholic Reporter, Mar 16, 2018; El Papa a los argentinos y argentinas: el amor por mi Patria sigue siendo grande e intenso, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 17 marzo 2018, 15:02; Inaugurato il primo monumento a Papa Francesco in Medio Oriente, Agenzia Fides, sabato, 17 marzo 2018; El pontificado del Papa Francisco en cifras, ACI Prensa, 18 de marzo de 2018 12:01 pm | última actualización 19 de marzo de 2018 2:06 am; Pope Francis 19 March 2013 — 19 March 2018 by Sr Bernadette Mary Reis, fsp, Vatican News, 19 March 2018, 10:17; Il 19 marzo 2013 iniziava il Pontificato di Francesco, Vatican News, 19 marzo 2018, 11:36, video; Pope Francis and hell by Thomas Reese, National Catholic Reporter, Apr 3, 2018; Jurkovič: grande sintonia tra Francesco e Martin Luther King by Alessandro Gisotti, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 03 aprile 2018, 08:53, with audio; Carta del Santo Padre Francisco a los Obispos de Chile tras el informe de S.E. Mons. Charles J. Scicluna, Boletín de la Oficina de prensa de la Santa Sede, 11 de abril de 2018; Pope apologizes for 'serious mistakes' in judging Chilean abuse cases by Junno Arocho, The Boston Pilot, Vatican City, CNS, 4/11/2018; Francis admits 'serious mistakes' in handling of Chile abuse cases by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Apr 11, 2018; Mons. Oder: Bergoglio, Wojtyla e la santità nel quotidiano by Alessandro Gisotti, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 13 aprile 2018, 13:11, with audio; 'I have made serious mistakes,' says pope. 'I ask forgiveness' by Thomas Reese, National Catholic Reporter, Apr 17, 2018; Author: Pope Francis Is a ‘Mystic’ Trying to Solve Left-Right Dichotomy in the Church by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Vatican, Apr. 21, 2018; El Papa Francisco cumple 45 años como jesuita, ACI Prensa/EWTN, 22 de abril de 2018 2:10 am; Pope Francis, the spiritual guide by Father Thomas Reese, S.J., National Catholic Report, Apr 27, 2018; El Papa Francisco supo que sería obispo un 13 de mayo, día de la Virgen de Fátima, ACI Prensa, 13 de mayo de 2018 10:16 am; Why cardinals have ranks, and how Pope Francis changed them by Andrea Gagliarducci, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Jun 26, 2018 / 04:45 pm MT; Specchi di una missione. Attualità di «Ecclesiam suam» ed «Evangelii nuntiandi» by Pierre de Charentenay, L'Osservatore Romano, 28 luglio 2018; Jesus knew about Cardinal McCarrick by Simcha Fisher, America, The Jesuit Review, August 01, 2018; Pope Francis pushes Catholics to actively oppose the death penalty by Father Thomas Reese, National Catholic Reporter, Aug 7, 2018; Ex-Nuncio Accuses Pope Francis of Failing to Act on McCarrick’s Abuse by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Aug. 25, 2018; Pope says he trusts people to judge archbishop's claims about him by Cindy Wooden, The Boston Pilot, CNS, 8/27/2018; Papa Francisco: “No diré una palabra” sobre carta de ex nuncio Viganó sobre caso McCarrick, ACI Prensa, 26 de agosto de 2018 5:51 pm; Pope Francis dismisses Vigano's accusations of McCarrick cover-up by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Aug 26, 2018; Doubts about Viganò's accusations aside, Pope Francis needs a better response by Father Thomas Reese, S.J., National Catholic Reporter, Aug 28, 2018; Bergoglio e Montini by Juan José Omella, L'Osservatore Romano, 06 ottobre 2018; From Martini To Bergoglio. Toward a Vatican Council III by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 12 nov 2018; La hermosa oración que Jorge Bergoglio escribió antes de ser ordenado sacerdote, ACI Prensa, 13 de diciembre de 2018 10:45 am;
2019
Per vincere la desolazione. L’introduzione di padre Antonio Spadaro, L'Osservatore Romano, 29 gennaio 2019; La capacità di resistere al male, L'Osservatore Romano, 29 gennaio 2019; Neues Buch: Bergoglio rettete mehr Menschen als bekannt, Vatican News, 02 März 2019, 10:40; Estos son los hitos del Pontificado de Francisco según Alessandro Gisotti, ACI Prensa, 12 de marzo de 2019 8:15 am; Prima di essere Francesco. In un libro la Buenos Aires di Jorge Mario Bergoglio by Giampaolo Mattei, L'Osservatore Romano, 16 marzo 2019; Pope Francis’ Appointments: A Key Measure of His Pontificate by Father Raymond J. de Sousa, National Catholic Register, Mar. 20, 2019; Exclusive: Inside the election of Pope Francis by Gerard O’Connell, America Magazine, March 22, 2019; 'The Election of Pope Francis' is a day-by-day, ballot-by-ballot tale by Micheal Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Apr 29, 2019; Theologians Accuse Pope Francis of Heresy, National Catholic Register, Catholic News Agency, May. 1, 2019; Father Aidan Nichols Signs Open Letter Charging Pope Francis With Heresy by Edward Pention, Nationla Catholic Register, May. 1, 2019; On Charging a Pope with Heresy by Jimmy Akin, National Catholic Register, May. 2, 2019; “Il professor Bergoglio incoraggiava i valori spirituali degli alunni” by Domencio Agasso jr, Vatican Insider, Città del Vaticano, 18/05/2019; Papa Francisco entrevistado por Valentina Alazraki, Televisa, YouTube, El Tequio Cristiano, published on May 17, 2015; El Santo Padre confirma que “no sabía nada” sobre el caso de McCarrick by Jim Fair, Zenit, mayo 29, 2019 14:18; Vaticano corrige transcripción italiana de respuesta del Papa Francisco sobre caso McCarrick, ACI Prensa, 29 de mayo de 2019 3:21 pm; 'Let's not wait for the theologians,' says Pope Francis about sharing the Eucharist by Father Thomas Reese, S.J., National Catholic Reporter, Jun 6, 2019; Editorial: Francis treats church's internal 'sickness', National Catholic Reporter, Jun 7, 2017; Vaticanista Valentina Alazraki tells all about interview with Pope Francis, Katholiek Nieuwsblad, translated for Crux by Susanne Kurstjens-van den Berk, Jun 26, 2019; Aniversario de la ordenación episcopal de Jorge Mario Bergoglio by Anita Bourdin, Zenit, junio 27, 2019 19:00; Argentine priest says Benedict wanted Bergoglio as Secretary of State by Inés San Martín, Crux, Jul 22, 2019; Pope tells French reporter he's honored by attacks on his ministry by Cindy Wooden, The Boston Pilot, Catholic News Service, Aboard the Papal Flight to Mozambique, 9/4/2019; “The Sovereignty of the People of God”: The pontiff meets the Jesuits of Mozambique and Madagascar, La Civiltà Cattolica, 26 September 2019; Amazon synod has set Pope Francis' professional haters on edge by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Oct 2, 2019; Pope Francis Is Fearless by John Gehring, The New York Times, Oct. 4, 2019; The Wealth of Indigenous Peoples: The thought of Archbishop Bergoglio of Buenos Aires by Antonio Spadaro, SJ, La Civiltà Cattolica, 9 October 2019; Francis takes John Paul II's 'Be not afraid!' to new levels by Tom Roberts, National Catholic Reporter, Oct 9, 2019; In a secondary sense, Pope Francis delivers another homage to St. John XXIII by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Nov 2, 2019; Francis pontificate 'a place of spiritual combat,' claims papal biographer by Peter Feuerherd, National Catholic Reporter, New York, Nov 6, 2019; Francis' appointment of Jesuits to lead Vatican offices an 'anomaly' in church's history by Joshua J. McElwee, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 25, 2019; Pope visits Jesuit Japan community that could have been his by Nicole Winfield and Mari Yamaguchi, Crux, Tokyo, Nov 26, 2019; Searches At the Secretariat of State. The Pope: “I Signed the Authorization” by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 26 nov, 2019; È morto Juan Carlos Scannone. Fu insegnante del giovane Bergoglio., L'Osservatore Romano, 28 novembre 2019; 50 años de la ordenación del Papa: Oración especial de la Diócesis de Roma, Zenit, diciembre 05, 2019 12:22; Dialettica ignaziana che guida lo spirito. La formazione intellettuale del giovane Bergoglio nel pensiero di Juan Carlos Scannone by Massimo Borghesi, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 dicembre 2019; ‘The Two Popes’ is a fun, if historically inaccurate, look at Francis and Benedict by Inés san Martín, Crux, Rome, Dec 12, 2019; Pope Francis: 50 years of priesthood serving God and His people by Sergio Centofanti, Vatican News, 12 December 2019, 08:40; Il y a 50 ans, le pape François était ordonné prêtre by Domitille Farret d'Astiès, Aleteia, 12 décembre 2019, with video; Papa Francesco alla presentazione degli Scritti di Padre Miguel Ángel Fiorito presso la Casa Generalizia della Compagnia di Gesù, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 13.12.2019; Le jour où Jorge Bergoglio a vécu la « confession de sa vie » by Timothée Dhellemmes, Aleteia, 13 décembre 2019, with a diaporama; Francesco compie 83 anni, auguri e affetto da tutto il mondo by Cecilia Seppia, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 17 dicembre 2019, 07:00; Rescriptum ex Audientia SS.MI: Rescritto del Santo Padre Francesco con cui si introducono alcune modifiche alle “Normae de gravioribus delictis”, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 17.12.2019; Rescriptum ex Audientia SS.MI: Rescritto del Santo Padre Francesco con cui si promulga l’Istruzione Sulla riservatezza delle cause, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 17.12.2019; Breaking through oaths of secrecy at the 2013 conclave by Donald Cozzens, National Catholic Reporter, Dec 18, 2019; No, the pope doesn’t have a secret medical device … but what if he did? by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Dec 19, 2019;
2020
Pope apologizes for ‘poor example’ in slapping woman’s hand New Year’s Eve by Elise Harris, Crux, Rome, Jan 1, 2020; Take-Aways from the Pope’s “Great Swat” of New Year’s 2020 by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Jan 3, 2020; The Election of Pope Francis is informative and captivating—and raises many questions by Conor Dugan, The Catholic World Report, January 10, 2020; Vatican: Pope Francis not in favor of optional priestly celibacy by Hannah Brockhaus, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Jan 13, 2020 / 07:01 am; Jorge Mario Bergoglio saved Jesuits from 2007 Vatican intervention: book by Cameron Doody, Novena, January 22, 2020 7:00 pm; Celibato dei preti. Benedetto XVI e Francesco, la lotta che non c’è by Stefania Falasca, Il Sismografo, Familia Cristiana, sabato 25 gennaio 2020; Spending Time with My Spiritual Father by Bishop Robert E. Barron, The Catholic World Report, January 28, 2020; Anti-Francis lobby ramps up attack on Pope’s economic vision with pro-free market book launch in Madrid by Cameron Doody, Novena, January 29, 2020 9:00 pm; “Le debo mucho a esa mujer”: la amistad del papa Francisco con una Madre de Plaza de Mayo que está desaparecida by Eduardo Anguita and Daniel Cecchini, Infobae, 30 de enero de 2020; La probabile ambasciatrice argentina presso la Santa Sede era sposata con una persona che oggi è sacerdote, Il Sismografo, giovedì 30 gennaio 2020; Rechazan artículos que hablan de una “conspiración” de obispos contra el Papa Francisco by Walter Sánchez Silva, ACI Prensa, 30 de enero de 2020 8:05 pm; “The Two Popes” Gives Way to Pope vs. Pope on the Issue of Celibacy in the Priesthood by Paul Elie, The New Yorker, February 2, 2020; Ivereigh's 'Wounded Shepherd' documents Francis' first seven years with clarity, color, skill by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Feb 3, 2020; Francesco e Roma by Alessandro Gisotti, L'Osservatore Romano, 03 febbraio 2020; Bergoglio: sintonia totale con Wojtyla: “Il celibato dei preti è una grazia, non un limite” by Domenico Agasso jr, Vatican Insider, 04 Febbraio 2020; Le pape François annonce un jubilé en 2025 by Philippine Kauffmann, La Croix, 6 février 2020; The shadow pontificate is drawing to a close by Robert Mickens, La Croix International, Vatican City, February 6, 2020; Vaticano, così finisce l’era dei «due Papi» by Massimo Franco, Corriere della Sera, 8 febbraio 2020 | 21:19; Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Querida Amazonia of the Holy Father Francis to the People of God and to All Persons of Good Will, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 12.02.2020; Pope Francis Sets Aside Proposal on Married Priests by Jason Horowitz and Elisabetta Povoledo, The New York Times, Vatican City, Feb. 12, 2020; Giovanni Paolo II, un Papa Santo in comunione con Francesco by Fabio Colagrande, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 16 febbraio 2020, 09:00, with audio; Hoy hace 19 años San Juan Pablo II creó cardenal al ahora Papa Francisco [Video], ACI Prensa, YouTube, 21 de febrero de 2020 12:55 am; Giobbe in Conclave. Il 13 marzo di sette anni fa l'elezione di Papa Francesco by Gianfranco Ravasi, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 marzo 2020; Il y a sept ans, François était élu pape by Agnès Pinard Legry, Aleteia, 12 mars 2020; Hoy se cumplen 7 años de la elección del Papa Francisco by Diego López Marina, ACI Prensa/EWTN Noticias, 13 de marzo de 2020 7:00 am; Anniversary of the Election of Pope Francis, Press Statement, Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State, U.S. Department of State, March 13, 2020; La escuela donde vivió el Papa by Julio César De Martini, SerArgentino.com, 13 marzo, 2020; 10 momentos inolvidables del pontificado del Papa Francisco [VIDEOS] by Walter Sánchez Silva, ACI Prensa, 13 de marzo de 2020 8:01 pm; Papa Francesco: a Santa Maria Maggiore e San Marcello al Corso per “invocare la fine della pandemia che colpisce l’Italia e il mondo”, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 15 marzo 2020 @ 18:36; Il Papa a piedi in via del Corso: va a pregare davanti al crocifisso che salvò Roma dalla “Grande peste” by Domenico Agasso jr, Vatican Insider, 15 Marzo 2020 21:03; Coronavirus. Two Church Pastors, Two Styles. Their Words Compared by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 20 mar 2020; Vaticano. Papa Francesco, vescovo di Roma ma non solo by Gianni Cardinale, Avvenire, giovedì 2 aprile 2020; Democrats support Pope Francis more than Republicans, new poll finds by Christopher White, Crux, New York, Apr 3, 2020; 'A time of great uncertainty'An interview with Pope Francis by Austen Ivereigh, La Croix, Vatican City, April 8, 2020; The limits of a pontificate (Part I) by Massimo Faggioli, Crux, April 14, 2020; The limits of a pontificate (Part II) by Massimo Faggioli, Crux, April 15, 2020; Is the Francis pontificate in crisis? A response to Faggioli by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Apr 20, 2020; Papal War? What Papal War? by Paul Kengor, National Catholic Register, May. 8, 2020; Bergoglio: un Papa que una vez tuvo un programa de televisión, Vatican News, 12 mayo 2020, 15:14, with video; The Jesuit pope looks to the Franciscans by Robert Mickens, La Croix, May 15, 2020; Il lavoro e la dignità dell’uomona conferenza sul pensiero sociale di Giovanni Paolo II tenuta da Jorge Mario Bergoglio a Buenos Aires nel 2003, L'Osservatore Romano, 23 maggio 2020; Esperienza interiore e progetto di vita. Tradotte in italiano le «Reflexiones espirituales sobre la vida apostólica» scritte da Jorge Mario Bergoglio nel 1987, L'Osservatore Romano, 24 giugno 2020; Il gesuita guarda sempre l’orizzonte, L'Osservatore Romano, 24 giugno 2020; El Papa Francisco cumple hoy 28 años de obispo, ACI Prensa, 27 de junio de 2020 12:59 am; Weigel's 'The Next Pope' has a crimped, Americanist vision of papacy by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Jul 6, 2020; “Bergoglio o barbarie”, diario di un tifoso della fratellanza by Iacopo Scaramuzzi, Vatican Insider, 09 Luglio 2020 18:07; George Weigel imagines the next pope by Msgr. John J. Strynkowski, America, the Jesuit Review, July 15, 2020; Cardeal Cláudio Hummes: “A nova Conferência Eclesial da Amazônia deve levar a sério as decisões do Sínodo” by Joelma Viana, Vatican News, REPAM, 18 agosto 2020, 14:32; A Synod on Synodality by Nicolas Senèze, La Croix International, August 27, 2020; La «íntima y profunda cercanía» entre Francisco y Benedict, AlfayOmega, 01 de Septiembre de 2020; Francis’ Government: What is the driving force of his pontificate? by Antonio Spadaro, SJ, La Civiltà Cattolica, 5 September 2020; No easy solutions: a response to Weigel's critique of the Vatican-China deal by Massimo Faggioli, National Catholic Reporter, Sep 17, 2020; Pope Francis, in Shift for Church, Voices Support for Same-Sex Civil Unions by Jason Horowitz, The New York Times, Rome, Oct. 21, 2020; Readout of President-elect Biden’s Call with His Holiness Pope Francis, Biden-Harris Transition Team, November 11, 2020; Pope Francis congratulates Biden on election win by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Nov 12, 2020; The Top 7 Pope Francis Stories of 2020 by Gerard O’Connell, America, The Jesuit Review, December 17, 2020; Two Popes, Two Agendas. For Benedict the Priority Is God, for Francis Man by Sandro Magister, Settimo Cielo, 21 dic 2020;
2021
Vent’anni fa Bergoglio diventava cardinale by Amedeo Lemonaco, L'Osservatore Romano, 20 febbraio 2021; Quell’intervista al neo cardinale Bergoglio: "Coglieva la sofferenza del suo popolo" by Andrea De Angelis, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 21 febbraio 2021, 08:00, with audio; El día que Bergoglio fue ordenado cardenal por Juan Pablo II con una sotana que no era suya y la relación entre ambos: “Fue un consuelo en un momento oscuro” by Hugo Martin, infobae, 21 de Febrero de 2021; Pope Francis says he’ll die in Rome, not in Argentina by Inés San Martín, Crux, Rome, Feb 27, 2021; Cumple 21 años un olivo que el papa Francisco plantó en Plaza de Mayo, télam, 25/03/2021; Il giovane Bergoglio “adoratore notturno” by Alessandro De Carolis and Benedetta Capelli, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 08 aprile 2021, 10:48; Victor Codina: "El misterio Bergoglio se agranda después de 8 años de pontificado, pues ha revertido el invierno eclesial", Religión Digital, 13.04.2021; "Benedetto XVI contro Francesco": il libro che affronta tutte le voci maligne sui due papi by Carlo Di Cicco, Tiscali, 19 aprile 2021; 'Motu Propio': Anti-Corruption Law for Executives by Larissa I. López, Exaudi, Abril 29, 2021 15:45' Pope enables Vatican prosecutions of cardinals, bishops by Nicole Winfield, ABC News, Associated Press, Rome, April 30, 2021, 1:00 PM; Cardinals and bishops to lose special legal privileges under new papal decree by Gerard O’Connell, America, The Jesuit Review, April 30, 2021; Pope imposes drastic new anti-corruption rules at the Vatican by Loup Besmond de Sonneville, La Croix International, April 30, 2021; Taking a ‘wait and see’ stance on Pope’s latest blow for accountability by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, May 2, 2021; Ventinove anni fa il cardinale Antonio Quarracino, arcivescovo di Buenos Aires, ordinava vescovo padre Jorge Mario Bergoglio. La comunicazione singolare della nomina pontificia, Il Sismografo, sabato 26 giugno 2021; Se vende la casa donde nació el papa Francisco, conocé el PH por dentro by Delfina Casali, La Nación, 2 de julio de 2021 17:00; Will Surgery Slow Down (or Speed Up) a Pope Who’s in a Hurry? by Jason Horowitz, The New York Times, Vatican City, July 8, 2021 4:07 p.m. ET; Osvaldo Pol: The Poetic Word has Dwellings of Flesh by Jorge Mario Bergoglio, SJ, La Civiltà Cattolica, 23 July 2021; Bergoglio 48 anni fa Provinciale dei gesuiti in Argentina e poi un soggiorno in Germania per ultimare la tesi dottorale, Il Sismografo, sabato 31 luglio 2021; Do Pope Francis and Pope Benedict disagree about Vatican II and the traditional Latin Mass?, America, The Jesuit Review, August 03, 2021; Massimo Faggiolli: “Los opositores a Francisco podrían influir decisivamente en la elección del nuevo Papa" by Jordi Pacheco, Religión Digital, 04.08.2021; Heaven can wait, maybe, but not a phone call for the pope, Associate Press, Vatican City, Agust 11, 2021; Papa emerito o Papa occulto? La convivenza di due pontefici ha posto domande ineludibili by Francesco Antonio Grana, Il Fatto Quotidiano, 28 agosto 2021; How Sept. 11 inadvertently paved the way for the future election of Pope Francis by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Rome, Sep 9, 2021; Comment les attentats du 11 septembre ont changé le cours de la vie du cardinal Bergoglio by Hugues Lefèvre, Aleteia, 10/09/21; Pope Francis says he has never denied Communion, warns against politicizing Eucharist by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Aboard the Papal Flight from Bratislava, Sep 15, 2021; Pope Francis issues thinly veiled criticism of EWTN, comments on gender ideology by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Rome, Sep 21, 2021; 20 anni fa il cardinale J. M. Bergoglio nomnato Relatore aggiunto del Sinodo dedicato ministero episcopale, Il Sismografo, giovedì 30 settembre 2021; “Freedom Scares Us”: Pope Francis’ conversation with Slovak Jesuits by Antonio Spadaro, S.J., La Civiltà Cattolica, 1 October 2021; El Papa Francisco bromea sobre su sucesor: Juan XXIV by David Ramos, ACI Prensa, 5 de octubre de 2021 - 9:59 AM; 52 ans de sacerdoce du Pape : la prière qu’il a rédigée pour son ordination, Aleteia, 12/12/21; Un padre divenuto Papa. Il 13 dicembre 1969 Jorge Mario Bergoglio veniva ordinato sacerdote by Luigi Maria Epicoco, L'Osservatore Romano, 13 dicembre 2021; Francesco sacerdote da 52 anni, con il sogno e il sorriso nel cuore by Isabella Piro, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 13 dicembre 2021, 08:00, with video; Los 85 años del papa Francisco en 85 imágenes by Mateo González Alonso, Vida Nueva Digital, 17/12/2021; Especial: Papa celebra 85.º aniversário num ano para a história (c/fotos e vídeo), Agência Ecclesia, Dez 17, 2021 - 0:02;
2022
Pope pops by his favorite record store to say 'hello' by Carol Glatz, The Boston Pilot, Rome, Wednesday 12th of January 2022, with audio; Ecco i gusti musicali del Papa: ama Mozart e Bach, ascolta Beethoven, è appassionato di Wagner. E adora il Tango by Domenico Agasso, Vatican Insider, Città del Vaticano, 13 Gennaio 2022; Bad Luck: Pope Acknowledges He Got Caught at Record Store by Nicole Winfiled, Associated Press, Rome, Jan. 14, 2022, at 9:20 a.m.; Lo que más extraña el Papa es 'callejear', como lo hacía en Buenos Aires, El Tiempo, 14 de enero 2022, 05:11 P.M; In Pope Adrian VI, glimpses of Pope Francis' priorities 500 years ago by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Rome, Jan 31, 2022; Los nueve años del Papa Francisco: un aniversario en medio de la guerra by Eva Fernández, COPE.es, Ecclesia, 12 mar. 2022 19:14; El Papa 'confiesa' su sueldo: "No gano nada. ¡Nada de nada! Me dan de comer, y si necesito algo, lo pido", Religión Digital, 24.03.2022; <Il problema di avere due Papi: il libro di Massimo Franco by Aldo Cazzullo, Corriere della Sera, 19 aprile 2022 | 20:47; Argentine doctor: Losing weight would ease Pope Francis' knee pain by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Rome, Apr 25, 2022; EXCLUSIVE Pope Francis denies he is planning to resign soon by Philip Pullella, Reuters, July 4, 2022 11:31 AM EDT, with video; For Francis, a Papacy Complicated by the Shadow of Resignation by Jason Horowitz, The New York Times, July 4, 2022 Updated 3:15 p.m. ET; Il Papa: se rinunciassi rimarrei a Roma come vescovo emerito, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 luglio 2022; Il soldato Bergoglio al fronte del Piave: il nonno Giovanni sul fiume sacro by Ivano Sartor, Servizio Informazione Religiosa, 18 Novembre 2022; Il Papa in Piemonte, Nella Bergoglio: qui custodiamo le sue radici by Alessandro De Carolis and Eugenio Bonanata, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 19 novembre 2022, 12:10, with videos; Pope visits immigrant father’s hometown for birthday party by Colleen Barry and Gianfranco Stara, AP News, November 19, 2022; Pope Francis celebrates 53 years as a priest, Catholic News Agency, Dec 13, 2022 / 12:30 pm; El Papa Francisco: «He firmado ya mi renuncia en caso de impedimento médico» by Julián Quirós and Javier Martínez-Brocal, ABC, 17/12/2022 Updated 20/12/2022 at 03:04h;
2023
Opinion: Pope Francis had an impossible task with Pope Benedict’s funeral by Christopher R. Altieri, The Catholic World Report, January 8, 2023; After 10 years of being patient, Pope Francis is entitled to be less so by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, January 27, 2023; Popes are for life, resignations should not become a fashion, Francis says by Philip Pullella, Reuters, Vatican City, Feb 16 2023; Francis says Popes, Jesuit generals normally should reign ‘for life’ by Elise Ann Allen, Crux, Rome, Feb 16, 2023, with audio; Lettera Apostolica in forma di «Motu Proprio» del Sommo Pontefice Francesco circa il patrimonio della Sede Apostolica, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 23.02.2023; What do Pope Francis’ latest financial measures mean? by Andrea Gagliarducci, Catholic News Agency, Rome Newsroom, Mar 2, 2023 / 14:25 pm; The legacy of a decade of Pope Francis by Thomas Reese, National Catholic Reporter, March 16, 2023; Pope Francis Quips He’s ‘Still Alive’ After Hospital Stay by Gaia Pianigiani and Elisabetta Povoledo, The New York Times, Reporting from Rome, April 1, 2023 Updated 5:36 p.m. ET, with video.


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(191) 32. POLICARPO, José da Cruz
(1936-2014)

Birth. February 26, 1936, Alvorninha, patriarchate of Lisbon, Portugal. He was the eldest of the nine children of José Policarpo and his wife, Maria Gertrudes Rosa. He had four brothers and four sisters.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Santarém; then, at the Seminary of Almada; later, at the Major Seminary "Cristo-Rei", of the Olivais (philosophy and theology); also, at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (licentiate in dogmatic theology with a thesis on the theology of non-Christian religions); and finally, at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology; thesis "Sinais dos Tempos").

Priesthood. Ordained, August 15, 1961, patriarchal cathedral of Lisbon, by Cardinal Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira, patriarch of Lisbon. Rector of the Seminary of the Olivais, 1970-1997. Faculty member, Faculty of Theology, Catholic University of Portugal, 1970-1986. Director of the Faculty of Theology, Catholic University of Portugal (1974/1980; 1985/1988). Member of the Superior Council of the Catholic University of Portugal.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Caliabria and appointed auxiliary of Lisbon. Consecrated, June 29, 1978, church of Santa Maria de Belém, Lisbon, by Cardinal António Ribeiro, patriarch of Lisbon, assisted by João Alves, bishop of Coimbra, and by Manuel Franco Falcão, titular bishop of Telepte, coadjutor with succession of the archbishop-bishop of Beja. His episcopal motto was Per obedientiam ad libertatem. President of the Organizing Commission of the Regional Center of Porto, Catholic University of Portugal, 1985-1987. Attended Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Rector of the Catholic University of Portugal, 1988-1992 and 1992-1996. Promoted to archbishop coadjutor of Lisbon, with right of succession, March 27, 1997. Succeeded as the 16th patriarch of Lisbon, March 24, 1998. Grand chancellor of the Catholic University of Portugal from March 1998. President of the Portuguese Episcopal Conference, April 13, 1999; reelected, April 11, 2002; finished his mandate in 2005. Attended Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, February 21, 2001; received red biretta and title of S. Antonio in Campo Marzio, February 21, 2001. Attended Tenth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. He was elected president of the Portuguese Episcopal Conference on Tuesday May 3, 2011, for a triennium. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. The pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the patriarchate of Lisbon, according to canon 401 §1 of the Code of Canon Law on May 18, 2013. He was apostolic administrator of the patriarchate until July 7, 2013, when his successor, Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente, until then bishop of Porto, was installed. He was confirmed as member of the Congregation for Catholic Education on November 30, 2013.

Death. March 12, 2014, Lisbon, from an aneurysm of the aorta. He was in a retreat in Fátima when he felt indisposed and was taken to the Hospital do SAMS, where he passed away. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis prayed for the repose of his soul and sent Patriarch Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente of Lisbon a telegram of condolence (1). The body of the late cardinal arrived on Thursday March 13, at 3 p.m., at the patriarchal cathedral of Lisbon, and laid in repose there until the celebration of the requiem Mass. The funeral, presided over by Patriarch Clemente, who also delivered the homily, was celebrated on Friday March 14, at 4 p.m., in the patriarchal cathedral of Lisbon and following, the body was buried at the pantheon of the patriarchs in the church of the monastery of São Vicente de Fora in Alfama, near 6 p.m. ((2).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Portuguese, patriarcado de Lisboa; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Cardinal Policarpo accuses Masonic lodges of dictating government agendas, in English, Vatican Insider, 01/12/2012; Dois patriarcas de Lisboa terão calado queixa sobre alegado abuso sexual por um padre by Patrícia Carvalho, publico.pt, 27 de Julho de 2022, 14:11.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

Excmo e Revmo
Dom José Manuel Macário do Nascimento Clemente
Patriarca de Lisboa e
Presidente da Conferéncia Episcopal Portuguesa
Quinta do Cabeço 1885-076 Moscavide Portugal
COM PESAR RECEBI A NOTÍCIA DO FALECIMENTO DO CARDEAL JOSÉ DA CRUZ POLICARPO E DESEJO EXPRESSAR A MINHA UNIÃO DE ORAÇÃO COM O PATRIARCADO DE LISBOA, A FAMÍLIA DO DEFUNTO E QUANTOS CHORAM A SUA MORTE INESPERADA. CONFIO À MISERICÓRDIA DE DEUS O AMADO CARDEAL, RECORDANDO-ME DA SUA PRECIOSA COLABORAÇÃO NOS DIFERENTES ORGANISMOS DA SANTA SÉ E DOS MEUS ENCONTROS COM ESTE PASTOR APAIXONADO PELA BUSCA DA VERDADE. ELE ERA SOLÍCITO EM COLOCAR OS DONS RECEBIDOS DO SENHOR AO SERVIÇO DO POVO DE DEUS E DOS SEUS IRMÃOS BISPOS SOBRETUDO NOS ANOS QUE O VIRAM PRESIDENTE DA CONFERÊNCIA EPISCOPAL. DOU GRAÇAS AO PAI DO CÉU PELO SEU MINISTÉRIO EPISCOPAL EM QUE ELE SE PRODIGALIZOU COM GENEROSIDADE CONDUZINDO PELOS CAMINHOS DO EVANGELHO O POVO QUE LHE FORA CONFIADO, COM O MESMO ZELO COM QUE REALIZARA OS SEUS SERVIÇOS PRECEDENTES, NOMEADAMENTE NA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA PORTUGUESA. ENQUANTO CONFIO À MATERNA PROTECÇÃO DA VIRGEM MARIA OS SEUS DORIDOS BEM COMO O SENHOR PATRIARCA, QUANTOS O COADJUVAM NO SEU MINISTÉRIO E TODOS OS FIÉIS DO PATRIARCADO, DE CORAÇÃO LHES CONCEDO EXTENSIVA AOS PARTICIPANTES NAS EXÉQUIAS CONFORTADORA BÊNÇÃO APOSTÓLICA

FRANCISCUS PP

Analogous telegram was sent by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, secretary of State:

Excmo e Revmo
Dom José Manuel Macário do Nascimento Clemente
Patriarca de Lisboa e
Presidente da Conferéncia Episcopal Portuguesa
PROFUNDAMENTE ENTRISTECIDO PELA MORTE DO SENHOR CARDEAL JOSÉ DA CRUZ POLICARPO, APRESENTO AS MINHAS SENTIDAS CONDOLÊNCIAS A VOSSA EXCELÊNCIA REVERENDÍSSIMA, TORNANDO-AS EXTENSIVAS AOS BISPOS AUXILIARES, SACERDOTES, RELIGIOSOS E LEIGOS DO PATRIARCADO DE LISBOA, BEM COMO AOS BISPOS E AOS FIÉIS DE TODAS AS IGREJAS PARTICULARES DE PORTUGAL. UNO-ME A VÓS NO MOMENTO EM QUE CONFIAIS À MISERICÓRDIA DO NOSSO PAI CELESTIAL ESTE ZELOSO PASTOR QUE, COM GRANDE SABEDORIA E GENEROSIDADE, SERVIU TANTO O SEU PRÓPRIO POVO COMO A IGREJA UNIVERSAL, E REZO PARA QUE O SEU EXEMPLO DE MINISTÉRIO FIEL AO EVANGELHO INSPIRE TODOS OS CRISTÃOS A RENOVAREM A PRÓPRIA DEDICAÇÃO À EDIFICAÇÃO DO REINO DE DEUS, NA VERDADE E NA CARIDADE.

CARDEAL PAROLIN SECRETÁRIO DE ESTADO
(2) This is the text of the inscription on his sarcophagus, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:
D. JOSÉ DA CRUZ POLICARPO
MCMXCVIII - MMXIII


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(192) 33. POLETTO, Severino
(1933-2022)

Birth. March 18, 1933, Salgareda, diocese of Treviso, Italy. Youngest of 11 siblings. He was baptized on March 29, 1933 in the parish church of S. Michele Arcangelo in Salgareda; and received the sacrament of confirmation in the same church on November 17, 1940 from Antonio Mantiero, bishop of Treviso.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Treviso; at the Major Seminary of Casale Monferrato; and at "Accademia Alfonsiana" of the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he obtained a licentiate in theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1957, Casale Monferrato, by Giuseppe Angrisani, bishop of Casale Monferrato. Vice-pastor of Montemagno, 1957-1961. Successively, 1961-1965, prefect of discipline, Seminary of Casale Monferrato and director of the diocesan work for vocations. Pastor of Maria SS. Assunta in Oltreponte di Casale, 1965-1980. Founder of the diocesan center for the pastoral of the family, 1973; coordinator of the Great Urban Mission, 1974, to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the foundation of the diocese of Casale Monferrato. Nominated episcopal delegate for pastoral, 1977.

Episcopate. Elected bishop coadjutor of Fossano, April 3, 1980. Consecrated, May 17, 1980, cathedral of S. Evasio, Casale Monferrato, by Cardinal Anastasio Alberto Ballestrero, O.C.D., archbishop of Turin, assisted by Carlo Cavalla, bishop of Casale Monferrato, and by Giovanni Dadone, archbishop-bishop of Fossano. His episcopal motto was In sequela Christi. Succeeded to see of Fossano, October 29, 1980. Transferred to see of Asti, March 16, 1989. Promoted to metropolitan see of Turin, June 18, 1999.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, February 21, 2001; received red biretta and deaconry of S. Giuseppe in via Trionfale, pro hac vice title, February 21, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Turin, in conformity with canon 401 § 1, of the Code of Canon Law, on October 11, 2010. Following his retirement, he moved to Moncalieri, south of Turin, where he began serving in one of the local parishes as a simple vice-parish priest. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on March 18, 2013.

Death. December 17, 2022, at 11:25 p.m., in his residence at Testona di Moncalieri, Turin. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, the Holy Father sent Roberto Repole, archbishop of Turin, a telegram of condolence. The exequial liturgy was celebrated on December 22, at 3 p.m., in the metropolitan basilica cathedral of Saint John the Baptist. Burial, according to the late cardinal's will, was in the basilica of the Blessed Virgin della Consolata in Turin.

Bibliography. Aime, Oreste ; Ghiberti, Giuseppe ; Tuninetti, Giuseppe. In sequela Christi : miscellanea in onore del cardinale Severino Poletto arcivescovo di Torino in occasione del suo 70. compleanno. Cantalupa (Torino) : Effatà, 2003.

Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian archdiocese of Turin; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Diocesi: Torino, il card. Poletto ricoverato in ospedale in gravissime condizioni, Seervizio Informazione Religiosa, 22 Giugno 2022 @ 16:08; Ricoverato in gravi condizioni di salute il cardinale italiano Severino Poletto, 89 anni, Il Sismografo, mercoledì 22 giugno 2022; Muore il cardinale monsignor Severino Poletto, ex vescovo di Fossano, Asti e Torino by Massimiliano Cavallo, La Guida.it, Cuneo 18 dicembre 2022; E' morto ad 89 anni il Cardinale Severino Poletto by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Torino, 18 dicembre, 2022 / 1:15 PM; Morto il cardinal Poletto, arcivescovo emerito di Torino, adnkronos, 18 dicembre 2022 | 13.43; La morte del cardinale Severino Poletto, L'Osservatore Romano, 19 dicembre 2022; Papa Francesco: "Il Cardinale Poletto ha offerto la vita al Signore e alla Chiesa" by Marco Mancini, ACI Stampa, Torino, 19 dicembre, 2022 / 2:00 PM; È morto il cardinale Poletto by Marco Bonatti, Avvenire, 19 dicembre 2022; L’addio al card. Severino Poletto, diocesi di Torino, 22 Dicembre 2022.


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(193) 34. MURPHY-O'CONNOR, Cormac
(1932-2017)

Birth. August 24, 1932, Reading, diocese of Portsmouth, England. He was the fifth son of Dr. George Murphy-O'Connor and his wife, Ellen. The other siblings were Brian (a priest of the Portsmouth diocese), Patrick (deceased, also a priest of the same diocese), John (a Regular Officer in the Royal Artillery Regiment, died at 32) and Catherine (died in 2006). His cousin, Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, O.P., was a distinguished biblical scholar (died on November 11, 2013 in Jerusalem). Two of his uncles were also priests; and one aunt was a nun.

Education. Initial education at Presentation College, Reading; secondary education at Prior Park College, Bath; then, in 1950, he started his studies for the priesthood at the Venerable English College, Rome, studying at the Pontifical Gregorian University, where he earned a licentiate in philosophy (PhL) and another one in theology (STL).

Priesthood. Ordained, October 28, 1956, Rome, by Cardinal Valerio Valeri, prefect of S.C. for Religious. Incardinated in the diocese of Portsmouth. From 1957 to 1963, he was vicar in the parish of Corpus Christi, Portsmouth; and in 1963, named vicar of the Sacred Heart, Fareham, and appointed Diocesan Director of Vocations. Later, from 1966 to 1969, secretary and chaplain to Bishop Dereck Worlock of Portsmouth. He participated in the preparatory stages of the first National Conference of Priests in 1970. He was an honorary bencher of the Inner Temple. In September of that same year, he was named pastor of the Immaculate Conception parish, Southampton. From the end of 1971 until his episcopal appointment, he was rector of the Venerable English College, Rome; in that capacity, he hosted Dr Donald Coggan, archbishop of Canterbury, when he visited Pope Paul VI in April-May 1977; during the visit, on May 12, the pope and the archbishop signed the Unity Declaration. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, March 10, 1972. He was an honorary bencher of the Inner Temple.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Arundel and Brighton, November 17, 1977. Consecrated, December 21, 1977, cathedral of Our Lady and Saint Philip Howard, Arundel, by Michael Bowen, archbishop of Southwark, assisted by George Patrick Dwyer, archbishop of Birmingham, and by Anthony Joseph Emery, bishop of Portsmouth. His episcopal motto was Gaudium et spes. Chairman of the Bishops' Committee for Europe from 1978 to 1983. Vice-president of the Laity Commission from 1978 to 1983. Chairman of the Committee for Christian Unity (ARCIC) from 1983 to 2000. Chairman of the Department for Mission and Unity from 1994 to 2000. Co-chairman of the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission from1982 to 2000. In 2000, he was awarded a Doctorate of Divinity by Dr George Carey, archbishop of Canterbury, in recognition of his work for Christian unity. He was an honorary bencher of the Inner Temple. In September 2000, he set up an independent review on child protection in the Catholic Church in England and Wales and invited Michael Patrick Nolan, Baron Nolan, to chair it (1). In August 2001, he was created a Freeman of the City of London. Promoted to metropolitan see of Westminster, February 15, 2000. Elected president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, November 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria sopra Minerva, February 21, 2001. Member of Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments; of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See; and of the Presidential Committee of the Pontifical Council for the Family. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, March 10, 2001. In January 2002, at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II, he was the first member of the Catholic hierarchy since 1680 to deliver a sermon to an English monarch. This took place at Sandringham, the sovereign's country residence in Norfolk, during the Anglican morning service. Present with the queen were members of her family and her household. Member of the Pontifical Council for Culture in April 2002; member of the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church in June 2002; and member of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity in October 2002. Attended Tenth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the diocese of Stockholm, Sweden, October 12, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. His resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Westminster was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI on April 3, 2009. Apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until Thursday, May 21, 2009, when his successor, Vincent Nichols, until then archbishop of Birmingham, England, was installed. During Boston College's 134th Commencement ceremony on May 24, 2010, he was granted an honorary degree (doctor of laws) in recognition of his work in spiritual and pastoral renewal, especially for his grassroots program "At Your Word, Lord". On May 31, 2010, he was named visitor to the archdiocese of Armagh and its suffragan sees to explore more deeply questions concerning the handling of cases of abuse perpetrated by priests and religious upon minors and the assistance owed to the victims; to monitor the effectiveness of and seek possible improvements to the current procedures for preventing abuse, taking as points of reference the Pontifical Motu Proprio "Sacramentorum Sanctitatis Tutela" and the norms contained in Safeguarding Children: Standards and Guidance Document for the Catholic Church in Ireland, commissioned and produced by the National Board for Safeguarding Children in the Catholic Church. On December 1, 2010, he received an honorary doctorate of divinity from Heythrop College. He has authored The Family of the Church (1984); and At the Heart of the World (2004); and edited Faith in Europe (2005); and Faith and Life in Britain (2008). Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on August 24, 2012. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 125th anniversary of the archdiocese of Dhaka, Bangladesh and the fourth centennial of the evangelization of the Bengalese territory, which took place on November 9 and 10, 2012. On February 7, 2015, he was named special papal envoy to the solemn celebrations in honor of Saint John Ogilvie, S.J., in the fourth centennial of his martyrdom, programmed in Glasgow, Scotland, on March 9 and 10, 2015.

Death. September 1, 2017, of cancer, at 3:35 p.m., Royal Marsden Hospital, London, where he had been admitted the previous month. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Francis sent a telegram of condolence to Cardinal Vincent Nichols, archbishop of Westminster (2). On Wednesday, September 13, 2017, the requiem Mass and burial of the late cardinal took place at 12 noon in the metropolitan cathedral of Westminster. Cardinal Nichols presided and Archbishop George Stack of Cardiff preached the homily. The body of the late cardinal was buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Westminster, at the Tenth Station of the Cross, parallel from the crypt of Cardinal John Carmel Heenan and across from the vault of Cardinal George Basil Hume, O.S.B., his predecessors (3).

Bibliography. Bellenger, Dominc Aidan and Stella Fletcher. Princes of the church. A history of the English cardinals. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire : Sutton Publishing Ltd., 2001, p. 64, 168-169 and 179; Schofield, Nicholas ; Skinner, Gerard. The English cardinals. Oxford, UK : Family Publications, 2007, p. 222-225 Walsh, Michael J. The Westminster cardinals : the past and the future. London ; New York : Burns & Oates, 2008, p. 223-240.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, archdiocese of Westminster; biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his arms and photograph, Araldica Vaticana; Murphy-O'Connor off to Bangladesh, The Tablet, 21 August 2012; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, blog of Nigel Baker, Great Britain Ambassador to the Holy See; Cardinal: disestablishment would benefit the Church of England by Mark Greaves, Catholic Herald, Friday, 24 August 2012; Reformer, Ökumeniker, Werteverteidiger. Der Londoner Kardinal Murphy-O'Connor wird 80, domradio.de, 24.8.2012; Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor: 'I thought of being called Benedict if elected pope' by Luke Coppen, The Catholic Herald, Monday, 27 August 2012; A message from Cardinal Cormac, diocese of Westminster; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor: 1932-2017 by Father Nicholas Schofield, diocese of Westminster; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor dies aged 85, Catholic Herald, posted Friday, 1 Sep 2017; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor dies at 85, BBC, London, 1 September 2017; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor dies at the age of 85 by Austen Ivereigh, Crux, September 1, 2017; Fallece Cardenal que promovió unidad entre católicos y anglicanos en Inglaterra, ACI, Londres, 01 Sep. 17 / 03:20 pm; Obituary: Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, BBC, 1 September 2017; Cordoglio del Papa per la morte del cardinale Murphy-O’Connor, L'Osservatore Romano, 02 settembre 2017; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor dies at 85, The Guardian, Friday 1 September 2017 11.36 EDT; Il cordoglio del Papa per la morte del card. Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, Radio Vaticana, 2017-09-02; Pope Francis gives thanks for cardinal Cormac distinguished service to the Church, archdiocese of Westminster, 2 september 2017; El pésame del Papa por la muerte del del cardenal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor, Zenit, Ciudad del Vaticano, 2 septiembre 2017; Papa Francisco envía pésame por la muerte de Cardenal que buscó la unidad con anglicanos, ACI, Vaticano, 02 Sep. 17 / 09:40 am; Funeral Rites for Cardinal Cormac, archdiocese of Westminster, 6 september 2017; Funeral in London for Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, Vatican Radio, 12/09/2017 15:07; Body of Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor received into Westminster Cathedral, ahead of funeral by Elena Curti, Lorna Donlon, The Tablet, 12 September 2017; S+L's Francis Denis Reports From The Funeral of Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, Salt and Light, published on Sep 13, 2017, YouTube; 1,200 at funeral of Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor by Richard Spillett, Daily Mail, published: 10:11 EDT, 13 September 2017 | Updated: 13:17 EDT, 13 September 2017; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor buried at Westminster Cathedral, BBC, 13 September 2017; Clergy and politicians gather to honour Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor, Catholic Herald, posted Wednesday, 13 Sep 2017; Life, faith and many friendships of Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor celebrated at Westminster Cathedral funeral by Lorna Donlon , James Roberts, The Tablet, 13 September 2017; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor buried today at Westminster Cathedral, Express, published: 00:01, Wed, Sep 13, 2017 | Updated: 07:46, Thu, Sep 14, 2017; Funeral held for Reading born Catholic Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, getreading.co.uk; Leading figures gather to honour Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, Times & Star, 13 September 2017 1:30PM; Politicians and church leaders gather for funeral of Catholic Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor by Aine Fox, The Irish News, 13 September, 2017 15:00; Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor's funeral in Westminster Cathedral by James Aldridge, getreading.co.uk, 17:49, 13 Sep 2017, updated 18:05, 13 Sep 2017; His Rogito, Westminster Cathedral, kindly provided by Mr. Mark West, London, Englad; Le accuse a Murphy-O’Connor per due volte al vaglio della Santa Sede: prive di credibilità by Christopher Lamb, Vatican Insider, Città del Vaticano, 30/09/2018 alle ore 18:26; El Cardenal Roche explica la amistad entre la Reina y el cardenal Murphy-O’Connor by Sean Richardson, Omnes, 21 de septiembre de 2022.

(1) The Nolan Review published their First Report in April 2001 and their Final Report, "A Programme for Action", in September 2001 out of which a new independent office has been established called "COPCA" to oversee the protection of children and vulnerable adults.
(2) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:
To Cardinal Vincent Nichols
Archbishop of Westminster
Deeply saddened to learn of the death of Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor, Archbishop emeritus of Westminster, I hasten to offer my heartfelt condolences to you and to the clergy and faithful of the Archdiocese. Recalling with immense gratitude the late Cardinal’s distinguished service to the Church in England and Wales, his unwavering devotion to the preaching of the Gospel and the care of the poor, and his far-sighted commitment to the advancement of ecumenical and interreligious understanding, I willingly join you in commending his noble soul to the infinite mercies of God our heavenly Father. To all who mourn his passing in the sure hope of the Resurrection I cordially impart my Apostolic Blessing as a pledge of consolation and strength in the Lord.

FRANCISCUS PP.

(3) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:
CORMAC
MURPHY-
O’CONNOR
24 AUGUST 1932
1 SEPTEMBER 2017

Tenth Archbishop
of Westminster
2000–2009

Cardinal Priest
of Santa Maria
sopra Minerva

GAUDIUM ET SPES


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(194) 35. EGAN, Edward Michael
(1932-2015)

Birth. April 2, 1932, Oak Park, archdiocese of Chicago, United States. Son of Thomas J. Egan and Genevieve Costello. In 1943, he contracted polio, which was epidemic in Chicago. He missed two years at St. Giles, a Catholic school, but still graduated at the top of his class. His family was devoutly Catholic, and he prayed during his illness at an altar set up on his dresser. He also decided early on a priestly vocation.

Education. In 1951, he graduated from Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary in Chicago. He studied at the Seminary of St. Mary of the Lake, Mundelein, Illinois, where he obtained a bachelor's in philosophy; sent to Rome, he resided at the Pontifical North American College; attended the Pontifical Gregorian University, where he earned a licentiate in theology in 1958; and a doctorate, summa cum laude, in canon law in 1964. Besides his native English, he spoke French, Italian, Latin and Spanish.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 15, 1957, North American College, Rome, by Martin John O'Connor, titular bishop of Tespia, rector of the North American College. In the same ceremony was ordained James Francis Stafford, another future cardinal. Further studies, Rome, 1957-1958. In the archdiocese of Chicago, 1958-1960, parochial vicar of Holy Name Cathedral Parish; assistant chancellor; and secretary to Cardinal Albert Gregory Meyer, archbishop of Chicago. Assistant vice-rector of the Pontifical North American College and repetitor of moral theology and canon law, while pursuing doctoral studies in Rome, 1960-1964. Again in Chicago, 1965-1972, secretary to Cardinal John Patrick Cody, archbishop of Chicago; archdiocesan vice-chancellor; and co-chancellor for Ecumenism and Social Relations. Auditor of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota, November 20, 1972. Concurrently, professor of civil and criminal procedure at the Studio Rotale and of canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University; commissioner of the S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments and the Divine Worship; a consultor of the S.C. for the Clergy; and in 1982, one of six canonists who reviewed the new Code of Canon Law with Pope John Paul II, before it was promulgated in 1983.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Allegheny and appointed auxiliary of New York, April 1, 1985. Consecrated, May 22, 1985, basilica of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, Rome, by Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, assisted by John Joseph O'Connor, archbishop of New York, and by John R. Keating, bishop of Arlington. His episcopal motto was In the holiness of truth. Transferred to the see of Bridgeport, November 5, 1988. Promoted to the metropolitan see of New York, May 11, 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, February 21, 2001. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, March 10, 2001, for five years. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001; its relator general. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. On February 23, 2009, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the metropolitan archdiocese of New York, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The pope named Timothy Michael Dolan, until then archbishop of Milwaukee, as successor. Cardinal Egan was apostolic administrator of New York until the installation of Archbishop Dolan on April 15, 2009. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on April 2, 2012.

Death. March 5, 2015, from cardiac arrest, peacefully, right after lunch, in his home at the Chapel of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. He was pronounced dead at NYU Langone Medical Center. Upon learning the news of his death, Pope Francis sent Cardinal Timothy Michael Dolan, archbishop of New York, a telegram of condolence (1). The funeral took place on March 10, 2015, presided by Cardinal Dolan. He was buried in the crypt of St. Patrick's cathedral, New York, next to his predecessor as archbishop, Cardinal John Joseph O'Connor.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, archdiocese of New York; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Cardinal Eagan Funeral Mass - 2015 03.10, EWTN, Mar 11, 2015, YouTube; Bridgeport abuse report blasts Egan for ‘clear message of unconcern’ by Christopher White, Crux, New York, Oct 1, 2019; How Sept. 11 inadvertently paved the way for the future election of Pope Francis by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter, Rome, Sep 9, 2021.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:
To Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan
Archbishop of New York
HAVING LEARNED WITH SADNESS OF THE DEATH OF CARDINAL EDWARD M. EGAN, ARCHBISHOP EMERITUS OF NEW YORK, I OFFER HEARTFELT CONDOLENCES TO YOU AND TO THE FAITHFUL OF THE ARCHDIOCESE. I JOIN YOU IN COMMENDING THE LATE CARDINAL’S NOBLE SOUL TO GOD, THE FATHER OF MERCIES, WITH GRATITUDE FOR HIS YEARS OF EPISCOPAL MINISTRY AMONG CHRIST’S FLOCK IN BRIDGEPORT AND NEW YORK, HIS DISTINGUISHED SERVICE TO THE APOSTOLIC SEE, AND HIS EXPERT CONTRIBUTION TO THE REVISION OF THE CHURCH'S LAW IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL. TO ALL ASSEMBLED IN SAINT PATRICK’S CATHEDRAL FOR THE MASS OF CHRISTIAN BURIAL, AND TO ALL THOSE WHO MOURN CARDINAL EGAN IN THE SURE HOPE OF THE RESURRECTION, I CORDIALLY IMPART MY APOSTOLIC BLESSING AS A PLEDGE OF CONSOLATION AND PEACE IN THE LORD.

FRANCIS PP.
(2) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

EDWARD CARDINAL EGAN
1932 2015
ARCHBISHOP
2000 - 2009


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(195) 36. HUSAR, M.S.U., Lubomyr
(1933-2017)

Birth. February 26, 1933, Lviv, Ukraine. Son of Jarosław Husar and Rościsława Demezuk. He felt his vocation to the priesthood when he was ten years old. Because of the difficult situation in his country, in 1944 the family sought refuge in Salzburg, Austria, and in 1949 migrated to the United States; three weeks after his arrival, he entered the seminary.

Education. He studied St. Basil's College, Stamford, Connecticut (philosophy); at the Catholic University of America, Washington (licentiate in theology); at Fordham University, New York (philosophy; obtained the "habilitation"); and at the Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome (doctorate in theology; thesis: Metropolitan Andrew Sheptytsky - Pioneer of Ecumenism).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 30, 1958 for the eparchy of Stamford of the Ukrainians. From 1958 to 1969, faculty member and prefect, St. Basil's College Seminary, Stamford. From 1966-1969, pastor at Kerhonkson, New York. Further studies, Rome, 1969 to 1972. Professor of Ecclesiology, Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome, 1972-1984. Entered the Studite monastery, 1972; took the vows, June 24, 1972; superior of the Studite monastery, Grottaferrata, Italy, May 1974.

Episcopate. Consecrated bishop, April 2, 1977, chapel of the Studite monastery, Castelgandolfo, by Cardinal Josyf Slipyj, archbishop major of Lviv of the Ukrainians, assisted by Ivan Prasko, titular bishop of Zigris, and by Isidore Borecky, bishop of Toronto of the Ukrainians; without papal approval. Named archimandrite of the Studiti Monks in Europe and America, July 23, 1978. Named protosincello (vicar general) of the archbishop major of the Ukrainians, Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky, then in Rome. In 1993 returned to Ukraine with the community of his monastery. Organized a new monastery of Studiti monks in the eparchy of Ternopil, Ukraine, 1994. Elected by the Synod of Bishops of the Ukrainian Church exarch of the archiepiscopal exarchy of Kyiv-Vyshorod, Ukraine, 1995. Confirmed by the pope and nominated to titular see of Nisa di Licia, February 22, 1996. Named auxiliary of the archbishop major of Lviv of the Ukrainians by the Synod of Bishops of the Ukrainian Church, October 14, 1996 as coadjutor with special delegations in the pastoral government of the archdiocese. Attended Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Named by the pope apostolic administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of the major archbishopric of Lviv of the Ukrainians, December 23, 2000. Elected archbishop major of Lviv of the Ukrainians, January 25, 2001. Election confirmed by the pope, January 26, 2001.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Sofia a Via Boccea, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Transferred to the see of Kyiv and Halyć, December 6, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Resigned from the office of archbishop major of Kyiv-Halyč on February 10, 2011 for reasons of health due to an eye disease badly treated. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on February 26, 2013.

Death. May 31, 2017, at 6:30 p.m., Feofaniya Clinical Hospital in Kyiv, due to serious diabetic related complications. Bohdan Dzyurakh, titular bishop of Vagada and curial bishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, had given the late cardinal the Sacrament of the Sick the day before his death. After learning the news of the death, Pope Francis sent Sviatoslav Shevchuk, archbishop major of Kyiv and Halyć, a telegram of condolence (1). Burial took place on Monday June 5, in the crypt of the Patriarchal Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ, Kyiv, after a Commemorative Hierarchical Liturgy at 11 a.m. In 2018, on the occasion of what would have been his 85th birthday, a commemorative coin of 2 Hryvnia (Ukrainian currency), was issued, with his face on the front and the patriarchal cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ of Kyiv on the back. The mint totalled 45,000 coins. Furthermore, on Saturday, October, 9, 2021, a lifesize monument of the cardinal was inaugurated in the city of Vinnytsia.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his photograph and biography, in Ukrainian, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church; his arms and photograph, Araldica Vaticana; Tenace fedeltà a Cristo. Cordoglio del Papa per la morte del cardinale Husar, L'Osservatore Romano, 01 giugno 2017; Ukrainian Cardinal known for simplicity, humor, holiness dies at 84 by Cindy Wooden, Vatican City, CNS, The Boston Pilot, 6/1/2017; Telegrama del Papa por el fallecimiento del cardenal ucraniano Lubomyr Husar, Zenit,Ciudad del Vaticano, 1 junio 2017; Cardinal Lubomyr Husar dies, a hero for Ukrainian Catholics, Rome Reports, 2017-06-01; The Order of Funeral Liturgies in Memory of His Beatitude Lubomyr, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church; El Papa escribe una sentida carta al pueblo ucraniano por la muerte de Cardenal by Miguel Pérez Pichel, ACI, Vaticano, 05 Jun. 17 / 05:40 am; Ukraine's Cardinal Lubomyr Husar recalled as a spiritual father, CNA/EWTN News, Kyiv, Ukraine, Jun 6, 2017 / 06:02 am; Tens thousands of Lviv residents paid a last tribute to Lubomyr (Husar), Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, Sunday, 04 June 2017, 09:22; Funeral Mass of Ukrainian Cardinal Lubomyr Husar (June 5, 2017), Catholic Register, June 5, 2017; Cardinal Lubomyr Husar was buried today In Kyiv, 5 june 2017, liveuamap.com; Former Head Of Greek Catholic Church In Ukraine Buried, Radio Free Europe, June 05, 2017 18:36 GMT; Pope Francis pays final respects to Cardinal Husar, Vatican Radio, 05/06/2017 13:02; In Memoriam: Lubomyr Husar, Cardinal and Spiritual Father of Ukraine by Bishop Borys Gudziak, National Catholic Register, June 9, 2017; His Beatitude Sviatoslav got acquainted with a process of erecting the first monument to patriarch Lubomyr Husar, The official information resource of Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, Press service of Kyiv Archeparchy, Friday, 14 August 2020, 10:56; 90 anni fa nasceva il cardinale Lubomyr Husar, Arcivescovo maggiore di Kiev-Halyč degli Ucraini (2001-2011), Il Sismografo, domenica 26 febbraio 2023.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

S.B. Sviatoslav Shevchuk
Arcivesco Maggiore di Kyiv-Halyč
HO APPRESO LA NOTIZIA DELLA SCOMPARSA DEL SIGNOR CARDINALE LUBOMYR HUSAR, ARCIVESCOVO MAGGIORE EMERITO DI KYIV-HALYČ, ED ELEVO FERVIDE PREGHIERE A DIO PERCHE’ CONCEDA IL RIPOSO ETERNO A QUESTO ZELANTE PASTORE. MI UNISCO SPIRITUALMENTE AI FEDELI DELLA CHIESA GRECO-CATTOLICA UCRAINA, PER LA QUALE EGLI ESERCITO’ IL MINISTERO PASTORALE, ADOPERANDOSI CON SOLLECITUDINE PER LA SUA RINASCITA. RICORDO LA SUA TENACE FEDELTA’ A CRISTO, NONOSTANTE LE PRIVAZIONI E LE PERSECUZIONI CONTRO LA CHIESA, COME ANCHE LA SUA FECONDA ATTIVITA’ APOSTOLICA PER FAVORIRE L’ORGANIZZAZIONE DEI FEDELI GRECO-CATTOLICI DISCENDENTI DALLE FAMIGLIE FORZATAMENTE TRASFERITE DALL’UCRAINA OCCIDENTALE, NONCHE’ IL SUO SFORZO DI TROVARE VIE SEMPRE NUOVE DI DIALOGO E DI COLLABORAZIONE CON LE CHIESE ORTODOSSE. NELL’ESPRIMERE LE MIE CONDOGLIANZE AI FAMILIARI DEL COMPIANTO PORPORATO, AL CLERO E A QUANTI HANNO BENEFICIATO DEL SUO MINISTERO EPISCOPALE, DI CUORE IMPARTO LA CONFORTATRICE BENEDIZIONE APOSTOLICA, QUALE SEGNO DI FEDE E DI SPERANZA CRISTIANA NEL SIGNORE RISORTO

FRANCISCUS PP.


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(196) 37. LEHMANN, Karl
(1936-2018)

Birth. May 16, 1936, Sigmaringen, archdiocese of Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Son of Karl Lehmann (1903-1986), a teacher, and Margarete Waldner (1911-1997), a bookseller. He had one brother, Reinhold (1939-1998), who was a journalist and from 1968 until 1982 secretary general of the German section of the international Catholic peace movement Pax Christi.

Education. He spent his first years in Hörschwag, Grosselfingen and Veringenstadt, where his father was a teacher. Primary education from 1942 until 1945 in Liggersdorf and Langenenslinge. Secondary eduation at the Staatliches Gymnasium in Sigmaringen, where he resided in the Minor Seminary Sankt Fidelis of the archdiocese of Freiburg im Breisgau. Studied at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, from 1956 until 1957 (theology and philosophy), residing at the Collegium Borromaeum of the archdiocese of Freiburg im Breisgau; and at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in philosophy, summa cum laude, 1962, thesis: "Vom Ursprung und Sinn der Seinsfrage im Denken Martin Heideggers", supervised by Father Professor Dr. Alois Naber, S.J., later a bishop; by Professor Dr. Peter Henrici, S.J., later titular bishop of Absorus and auxiliary in the diocese of Chur, Switzerland; and by Father Professor Dr. Johannes Baptist Lotz, S.J.; doctorate in theology, summa cum laude, 1967, thesis: "'Auferweckt am dritten Tag nach der Schrift' Exegetische und fundamentaltheologische Studien zu 1 Kor 15,3b-5", supervised by Father Professor Dr. Édouard Dhanis, S.J.; by Father Professor Dr. Maximilian Zerwick, S.J.; and by Father Professor Dr. Juan Alfaro, S.J.; while in Rome, he resided in the Pontifical Collegium Germanicum-Hungaricum. He was ordained a deacon by Cardinal Julius Döpfner, archbishop of Münich und Freising, in Rome, on March 30, 1963.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 10, 1963, in the church Sant’Ignazio, Rome, by Cardinal Julius Döpfner, archbishop of Münich und Freising. Incardinated in the archdiocese of Freiburg im Breisgau. He celebrated his first Mass in the church San Saba, Rome, on October 11, 1963. Assistant of Father Karl Rahner, S.J., at the Institute of Christian Thought and Religious Philosophy of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Münich, 1964-1967; and Münster, at the chair of Dogmatics and Dogmatic History of the Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster. Further studies, Rome, 1967. Obtained the Habilitationsstipendium of the German Research Council (DFG) in 1968 and started the thesis “Der verborgene Gott und der Begriff der Offenbarung”. Professor of dogmatic theology at the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, 1968-1971; of dogmatic and ecumenical theology at the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Breisgau, 1971-1983. Member of the Zentralkomitee der deutschen Katholiken from 1969 until 1983. Member of the Ecumenical Working Group of Evangelical and Catholic Theologians in 1969; scientific leader, 1976; and chairman, 1988. Declined professorships in Luzern in 1967; in Münich in 1971; and in Tübingen in 1981. From 1971, co-editor of the international journal Communio. Member of the board of the Synod of the Dioceses of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1971-1975. Member of the International Theological Commission, 1974-1984. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, March 26, 1979.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Mainz by its cathedral chapter, May 3, 1983, confirmed by the pope, June 23, 1983. Consecrated, October 2, 1983, cathedral of Sankt Martin, Mainz, by Cardinal Hermann Volk, bishop emeritus of Mainz, assisted by Oskar Saier, archbishop of Freiburg im Breisgau, and by Wolfgang Rolly, titular bishop of Taborenta, auxiliary of Mainz. His episcopal motto was State in fide. Honorary professor of the Catholic Theological Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg im Breisgau, in 1983; and of the Catholic Theological Faculty of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, in 1984. Elected vice-chairman of the German Episcopal Conference, September 24, 1985; its president, September 22, 1987 until February 18, 2008. Since 1987, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences and Literature of Mainz. Member of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith from 1988 until 1998. Decorated with the Grosses Verdienstkreuz (Commander's Cross) of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1988. Attended the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the First Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; its extraordinary secretary. In 1991, he received honorary doctorates in theology and law from the University of Innsbruck (Dr. theol. h.c.); and from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., United States of America ( Dr. iur. h.c.). Elected first vice-president of the European Episcopal Conference, 1993 (until 2001). Received an honorary doctorate in theology from St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, Ireland, in 1993 (Dr. theol. h.c.). Attended the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Received the 1994 Karl Barth Prize of the Union of Evangelical Churches (EKU). Received the 1996 Cardinal Döpfner Prize of the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, Münich. Received an honorary doctorate in human sciences from the Catholic Theological Academy of Warsaw (ATK) in 1997 (Dr. s.c. hum. h.c.). Member of Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See from 1997 until 2011. Member of the Congregation for bishops from 1998 until 2012. Attended the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Elected member of the senate of the Max-Planck Society in 1999. Received an honorary doctorate in theology from the Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria, in 2000 (Dr. theol. h.c.). Decorated with the Grosses Verdienstkreuz mit Stern und Schulterband (Grand Cross) of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Leone I, February 21, 2001. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Received the honorary citizenship of Mainz in 2001. Member of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity from 2002 until 2016. Received an honorary doctorate in theology from the University of Opole, Poland, in 2002 (Dr. theol. h.c.). Received the Hans-Ehrenberg-Prize of the Lutheran Church in Bochum in 2002. Received the ring of honor of the Görres-Gesellschaft zur Pflege der Wissenschaft in 2002. Received the Paul-Schnitker-Preis in 2003. Received the Prize Goldenes Schlitzohr in 2003. Received the Karl-Rahner-Plaque from the German Jesuit Province and the Karl-Rahner-Foundation in 2004. Received an honorary doctorate in theology from the Faculty of Othodox Theology of the University of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași, Romania, in 2004. Received the order Zivilcourage und Charakter of the Bürgergesellschaft Thielenbruch in 2004. Received the Winfried-Preis für Völkerverständigung und Frieden fom the Heinz G. Waider-Foundation Fulda in 2004. Received the Deutscher Mittelstandspreis in 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reelected president of the German Episcopal Conference for another six-year term, September 20, 2005. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Received the Order Wider den tierischen Ernst in 2005. Received the Eugen-Biser-Preis of the Eugen-Biser-Foundation in 2005. Received the Abraham-Geiger-Preis from the Abraham-Geiger-Kolleg in 2006. Received the honorary citizenship of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, in 2006. Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honor (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur) in 2006. Received the Mainzer Ranzengardisten from the Mainzer Ranzengarde in 2007. On January 15, 2008, he announced that he was resigning the chairmanship of the Conference of German Bishops due to serious cardio-circulatory problems, during the meeting of the conference, February 11-15, 2008, in Würzburg; on February 12, the new president, Archbishop Robert Zollitsch of Friburg, of the Institute of the Fathers of Schönstatt, was elected. Member of Congregation for the Oriental Churches from 2008 until 2014. Member of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications from 2008 until 2016. Honorary member of the Alfred-Delp-Society in Mannheim in 2008. Received the Bonum Commune Prize and an honorary doctorate in theology from St. Augustine College in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 2008 (Dr. theol. h.c.). Received the Order of Merit from the State of Rhineland-Palatinate in 2009. Received the prize Hochschule und Wirtschaft from the University of Pforzheim in 2009. Received the Erasmus-Kittler-Prize from the HSE-Foundation, Darmstadt, in 2009. Received the Kulturpreis of the State of Hesse in 2009. Received the Georg-Meistermann-Prize of the City of Wittlich in 2010. Received the Toleranzpreis of the European Academy of Sciences in 2010. Visiting professor at the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, 2012, and at the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, 2012. Received the Pax-Bank-Preis in 2012. Received the Theologischer Preis of the Salzburger Hochschulwochen in 2013. Received the Reuchlin-Preis of the city of Pforzheim in 2013. Participated in the conclave of March 12 to 13, 2013, which elected Pope Francis. Received the European Handwerkerpreis in 2014. Received the Romano-Guardini-Prize of the Catholic Academy in Bavaria in 2014. Received the prize Goldener Winzer in Bad Dürkheim in 2015. Received the honorary citizenship of Bermersheim in 2015. On May 16, 2016, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the diocese of Mainz because of age. On that same day, he lost the right to participate in the conclave for having turned eighty years old. On October 31, 2016, in Berlin, he was the first Catholic to receive the Martin Luther Medal of the Lutheran Church in Germany. Received the Wilhelm-Leuschner-Plaque of the State of Hesse in 2016. Visiting professor at the University Duisburg-Essen, 2016. Received an honorary doctorate in theology of the Ruhr-University Bochum in 2017 (Dr. theol. h.c.). He was a prolific writer who published more than 4,000 monographs and articles. His personal library contained more than 100,000 books. He was characterized as one of the most important specialists in his discipline and a theologian of presence.

Death. March 11, 2018, at 4:45 a.m., at his home, in the bishop's house, in Mainz. He appeared in public the last time on August 27, 2017, when he consecrated his successor, Peter Kohlgraf, as bishop of Mainz. On September 21, 2017, he suffered a stroke and a cerebral hemorrhage and was hospitalized in the Katholisches Klinikum in Mainz until December 12, 2017. Bishop Kohlgraf informed the faithful on March 5, 2018, that the state of health had not really improved after that and that he was very critical. The funeral for the late Cardinal took place on Wednesday March 21, 2018, at 3:00 p.m. in the Cathedral of Mainz. Bishop Kohlgraf was the main celebrant of the service. The body of the late Cardinal was exposed in the Church of the Seminary of Mainz until Wednesday 21 at 2:00 p.m., when it was taken to the Cathedral in a funeral procession. Upon learning the news of the death of the Cardinal, Pope Francis sent Bishop Kohlgraf a telegram of condolence. Burial was in the crypt of the Mainz Cathedral (1).

Bibliography. Deckers, Daniel. Der Kardinal Karl Lehmann. Eine Biographie. München : Pattloch, 2002; Jürgensmeie, Friedhelm. "Lehmann, Karl (* 1936)." Die Bischöfe der deutschsprachigen Länder, 1945 2001 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Unter Mitwirkung von Franz Xaver Bischof ... [et al.] ; herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2002, pp. 361-362.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Le cardinal Lehmann critique la pratique des nominations épiscopales, La Croix Africa, 4 mai 2016; Kardinal Karl Lehmann erhält evangelische Luther-Medaille, Kirche+Leben Netz, 31.10.2016; Kardinal Lehmann nach Schlaganfall im Krankenhaus, Kirchen+Leben Netz, 19.10.2017; Kardinal in kritischem Zustand - Bistum Mainz ruft zum Gebet für Lehmann auf, ZDF, 05.03.2018 17:20 Uhr; Kohlgraf: Wir bangen um das Leben von Kardinal Lehmann, Kirche+Leben Netz, 05.03.2018; Gebetsaufruf für schwerkranken Kardinal Lehmann, Vatican News, 05 März 2018, 18:21; Germania: mons. Kohlgraf (Magonza) invita a pregare per card. Karl Lehmann, da tempo malato, Servicio Informazione Religiosa, SIR, 5 marzo 2018 @ 19:17; In Trauer und tiefer Dankbarkeit: Kardinal Karl Lehmann verstorben by P Bernd Hagenkord SJ, Vatican News, Vatikanstadt, 11 März 2018, 08:36, with photographs; Lutto nella Chiesa: è morto il cardinale tedesco Karl Lehmann by Bernd Hagenkord, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 11 marzo 2018, 09:09; Trauer um Lehmann: „Mann klarer Worte“, „Brückenbauer“ by Stefan von Kempis, Vatican News, Vatikanstadt, 11 März 2018, 11:44; Marx würdigt den verstorbenen Kardinal Lehmann, Vatican News, 11 März 2018, 14:24, with audio; Alemania: Fallece el Cardenal Lehmann by Anne Kurian, Zenit, 11 marzo 2018; Religious and political leaders mourn the death of Cardinal Karl Lehmann by Stefan J. Bos, Vatican News, 11 March 2018, 17:04; Card. Lehmann: morto ieri a 81 a Magonza. Card. Marx (Dbk), “ha significativamente plasmato la Chiesa cattolica in tutto il mondo”, Servicio Informazione Religiosa, SIR, 12 marzo 2018 @ 9:11; Card. Lehmann: card. Schönborn, “figura pregnante della Chiesa tedesca del dopoguerra”, Servicio Informazione Religiosa, SIR, 12 marzo 2018 @ 9:12; Card. Lehmann: Chiesa evangelica tedesca, “importante interlocutore e sostenitore della comunione ecumenica”, Servicio Informazione Religiosa, SIR, 12 marzo 2018 @ 9:14; Card. Lehmann: Junker (Commissione Ue), “amico leale per me e per l’Europa”, Servicio Informazione Religiosa, SIR, 12 marzo 2018 @ 9:15; Card. Lehmann: mons. Kohlgraf (Magonza), “perdiamo un vescovo amato da tutti”, Servicio Informazione Religiosa, SIR, 12 marzo 2018 @ 10:42; Card. Lehmann: card. Kasper al Sir, “ho perso un amico e un compagno fedele”, Servicio Informazione Religiosa, SIR, 12 marzo 2018 @ 12:06; Kardinal Müller: „Kardinal Lehmann prägte Stil der Theologie" by P. Bernd Hagenkord SJ, Vatican News, Vatikanstadt, 12 März 2018, 14:12; Video of the viewing of Cardinal Karl Lehmann, diocese of Mainz, Facebook, March 13, 2018; Video of the Requiem Mass for Cardinal Karl Lehmann, SWR, 3:06 min | 21.3. | 14.30 Uhr; Das Testament des Bischofs, SWR, 21.3.2018, 17.44 Uhr; „Zu sehr im Diesseits verkrallt“: Kardinal Lehmanns Erkenntnis über die Kirche, Vatican News, 21 März 2018, 18:20; Italien: Gedenkmesse für Kardinal Lehmann, Vatican News, 02 April 2018, 15:43; Grab von Kardinal Lehmann im Mainzer Dom beschmiert, Vatican News, 23 April 2019, 13:28; Magonza, profanate in cattedrale le tombe del cardinale Lehmann e del vescovo Stohr, Vatican Insider, 23/04/2019 alle ore 16:50; Abuse study faults influential German churchman by Luke Coppen, The Pillar, March 3, 2023 . 12:09 PM.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

KARL KARDINAL LEHMANN
DR. PHIL. DR. THEOL. DR. H.C.MULT.
* SIGMARINGEN AM 16.MAI 1936
† MAINZ AM 11.MӒRZ 2018
ZUM PRIESTER GEWEIHT IN ROM AM 10.OKTOBER 1963
BISCHOFSWEIHE IN MAINZ AM 2.OKTOBER 1983
ZUM KARDINAL ERHOBEN AM 21.FEBRUAR 2001


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(197) 38. GHATTAS, C.M., Stéphanos II
(1920-2009)

Birth. January 16, 1920, Cheick Zein-el-Dine, eparchy of Sohag, Egypt. His baptismal name was Andraos but took the name Stéphanos when elected patriarch to show his devotion and affection for his predecessor, and to indicate continuity. This is his name in Arabic: إسطفانوس الثاني غطاس. One of his elder brothers preceded him in the seminary but passed away untimely on March 18, 1935. A younger sister, Mar Gabriel, was a professed member of the Egyptian Nuns of the Heart Jesus, passing away shortly before the patriarch on August 25, 2008.

Education. He studied at the Minor Seminary of Cairo; at the Jesuit College of the Holy Family (classical education); and at the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide", Rome (doctorates in philosophy and theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 25, 1944, Rome. Professor of philosophy and of dogmatic theology, Major Seminary of Tahta, then of Tanta, Egypt, 1944-1952. Joined the Community of Priests of the Mission of St Vincent de Paul (Lazaristes) in 1952 and did his novitiate in Paris. Missionary work in Lebanon for six years. Treasurer, then superior of the Lazaristes in Alexandria, 1958-1967.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Luqsor of the Copts, May 8, 1967. Consecrated, June 9, 1967, church of the Lazaristes, Alexandria, by Cardinal Stéphanos I Sidarouss, C.M., patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts, assisted by Isaac Ghattas, bishop of Minya of the Copts, by Youhanna Nuer, bishop of Assiut of the Copts, and by Youhanna Kabes, titular bishop of Cleopatride, auxiliary of the diocese of Alexandria of the Copts. Apostolic administrator of the patriarchate of Alexandria of the Copts, February 24, 1984. Attended the Second Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. Elected patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts, June 9, 1986; took the name Stéphanos II. Granted ecclesiastica communio by the pope, June 23, 1986. Attended the Seventh Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; the Eighth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the Ninth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994; the Special Assembly for Lebanon of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 26 to December 14, 1995. He has made numerous trips to Canada, Australia and the United States, where he founded the first parish of Coptic Catholics. President of the Synod of the Catholic Coptic Church and of the Assembly of the Catholic Hierarchy of Egypt.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal patriarch, February 21, 2001. Promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years old, and thus, he did not have the right to participate in the conclave. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Attended the Eleventh General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Resigned the office of patriarch, March 30, 2006. Since his retirement, he lived in the Saint Stephen Residence for Priests, in Cairo.

Death. January 20, 2009, at night, in the Italian hospital, Cairo. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI sent Antonios Naguib, patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts, a telegram of condolence (1). Cardinal Nasrallah Pierre Sfeir, patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites, attended the exequies as representative of the pope. Buried in the cathedral "Notre Dame d'Egypte" at Madinet-an Nasr, Cairo.

Beatification. It has been decided that as soon as possible, the cause for his beatification will be introduced by Patriarch Ibrahim Isaac Sedrak of Alexandria of the Copts.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; his photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in English, The Vincentian Encyclopedia; his photograph, Araldica Vaticana; photograph and biography by Eman Bonnici, in English, Find a Grave.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

Sa Béatitude Antonios Naguib
Patriarche d'Alexandrie de Coptes – Le Caire
APPRENANT AVEC PEINE LE DÉCÈS DE SA BÉATITUDE LE CARDINAL STEPHANOS II GHATTAS, C.M., PATRIARCHE ÉMÉRITE D’ALEXANDRIE DES COPTES, JE TIENS À VOUS EXPRIMER MON UNION DANS LA PRIÈRE AVEC VOTRE ÉGLISE PATRIARCALE, AVEC LA FAMILLE DU DÉFUNT ET AVEC TOUTES LES PERSONNES TOUCHÉES PAR CE DEUIL. JE PRIE LE CHRIST RESSUSCITÉ D’ACCUEILLIR DANS SA JOIE ET DANS SA PAIX CE SERVITEUR FIDÈLE DE L’ÉGLISE QUI D’ABORD COMME MISSIONNAIRE DANS LA CONGRÉGATION DE LA MISSION, PUIS COMME ÉVÊQUE DE LOUQSOR ET ENFIN COMME PATRIARCHE, S’EST DÉVOUÉ AVEC ZÈLE ET SIMPLICITÉ AU SERVICE DU PEUPLE DE DIEU, DANS UN ESPRIT DE DIALOGUE ET DE CONVIVIALITÉ AVEC TOUS. EN GAGE DE RÉCONFORT, JE VOUS ACCORDE DE GRAND CŒUR, BÉATITUDE, LA BÉNÉDICTION APOSTOLIQUE, AINSI QU’AUX ÉVÊQUES, AUX PRÊTRES ET AUX FIDÈLES DU PATRIARCAT COPTE D’ALEXANDRIE, AUX CONFRÈRES LAZARISTES DU CARDINAL DÉFUNT, AUX MEMBRES DE SA FAMILLE ET AUX PERSONNES QUI PRENDRONT PART DANS L’ESPÉRANCE À LA LITURGIE DES OBSÈQUES.

BENEDICTUS PP. XVI


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(198) 39. HONORÉ, Jean
(1920-2013)

Birth. August 13, 1920, Saint-Brice-en-Coglès (Ille-et-Vilaine), archdiocese of Rennes, France. From a family of merchants that had eight children. His baptismal name was Jean Marcel. His parents died when he was very young.

Education. Intial studies in Saint-Brice-en-Coglès; then, at Collège of Saint-Malo; later, at the Major Seminary of Rennes; and finally, at the Institut Catholique, Paris, where he earned a doctorate in theology, with a thesis on the spirituality of Cardinal John Henry Newman; he also obtained a diploma from Ecole Pratique de Hautes Études. He was ordained to the diaconate (incardinated in the archdiocese of Rennes) on December 20, 1942, in the chapel of Saint-Joseph des Carmes of the Catholic Institute of Paris, by Jean-Joseph Villepelet, bishop of Nantes.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1943, for the archdiocese of Rennes. Professor of letters in the colleges of Saint-Vincent, Rennes (1945) and of Saint-Malo (1946-1947); professor of dogmatic theology and catechesis, Major Seminary of Rennes (1948-1958); secretary general of the National Commission for Religious Education and director of the National Center of Religious Teaching (1958-1964). Domestic prelate of His Holiness, November 19, 1964 (title changed to prelate of honor of His Holiness in 1968). Rector of the Catholic University of the West in Angers (1964-1972).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Evreux, October 24, 1972. Consecrated, December 17, 1972, cathedral of Notre-Dame, Evreux, by Cardinal Paul-Joseph-Marie Gouyon, archbishop of Rennes, assisted by André Paillier, archbishop of Rouen, and by Henri Louis Marie Mazerat, bishop of Angers. His episcopal motto was Cor ad cor loquitur. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Tours, August 13, 1981. Member of the Congregation for Catholic Education. In 1985, he was named member of the editorial board for the preparation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, which was published in 1992. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, July 23, 1997.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria della Salute a Primavalle, February 21, 2001. Promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years old, and thus, he did not have the right to participate in the conclave. Attended the Tenth Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Among his published works were L'itinéraire spirituel de Newman (Seuil, 1964); Présence au monde et Parole de Dieu (Mame, 1969); La fidélité d'une conoscience (Cld, 1986); Newman, sa vie, et sa pensé (Descléè, 1988); La Pensée christologique de Newman (Descléè, 1996); Fais paraître ton jour, Newman prophète e poète de l'au-delá (Cerf, 2000); Fais paraitre ton Newman, un homme de Dieu (Cerf, 2003) e, and Les aphorismes de Newman (Cerf, 2007). In 2006, he published the book of memories Le grâce d'être né (Presses de la renaissance).

Death. February 28, 2013, in the morning, in a hospital in Tours, where he had been admitted two days earlier. Upon learning the news of his death, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of the soul of the late cardinal and sent Bernard-Nicolas Jean-Marie Aubertin, O. Cist., archbishop of Tours, a telegram of condolence (1). From Friday March 1 to Monday March 4, 2013, the body of the late cardinal rested in the chapel of the Great Bretèche, the mother house of the Dominicans of the Presentation, situated at 15 quai Portillon in Tours. The chapel will open from 9 a.m until 5 p.m. The obsequies, presided by Archbishop Aubertin, were celebrated in the metropolitan cathedral of that archdiocese. More than one thousand persons took part in the ceremony, as well as tens of priests and numerous religious and civil personalities. Concelebrating were Luigi Ventura, titular archbishop of Equilo, apostolic nuncio in France; Jean-Louis Bruguès, archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church, who delivered the eulogy; Pierre d'Ornellas, archbishop of Rennes; Denis Moutel, bishop of St-Brieuc; Christian Nourrichard, bishop of Evreux; Jean Orchampt, bishop emeritus of Angers; the vicars general of Blois and of Bourges; and Monsignor Bernard Podvin, adjunct secretary general and representative of the French Episcopal Conference. Present were representatives of other Christian confessions and of the Jewish and Muslim religions. Also present were M. Frédéric Thomas, president of the general council; Mme. Claude Greff, deputy; Mme. Arlette Bosc, adjunct mayor of Tours; M. Jean Germain, mayor of Tours; and M. Sibilleau, director of the cabinet of the prefect. The inhumation took place in the metropolitan cathedral, in a lateral chapel, beside the tombs of archbishops emeritus of Tours Michel Paul Marie Moutel, P.S.S., who died in 1998; and Louis Henri Marie Ferrand, who died in 2003.

Bibliography. Jore, Alexander. Épiscopologe Français de 1592 à 1973. Mis à jour et continué jusqu'en 2004. Complément de l'article "France" du Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiastiques t. XVIII, colonnes 161 à 532. Pro-Manuscripto, 25 - III- 2004, no. 3196.

Webgraphy. Biography, in French, Wikipedia; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa de la Santa Sede; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Press Office of the Holy See:

Son Excellence
Monseigneur Bernard-Nicolas Aubertin
Archêveque de Tours
Apprenant avec émotion le décès du Cardinal Jean Honoré, archvêque êmêrite de Tours, je vous adresse mes vives condolêances ainsi qu'à sa famille et à ses anciens diocésains. Que le Seigneur accueille dans sa paix et dans sa lumière ce pasteur fidèle, qui a servi l'Église avec dévouement dans l'Enseignement catholique et dans la catéchèse, puis comme Evêque d'Evreux et enfin comme Archevêque de Tours. Artisan compétent et passionné de la rédaction du Catéchisme de l'Église catholique, il a toujours eu le souci d'annoncer l'Évangile à tous dans le monde contemporain. En gage de réconfort, je vous adresse una particulière Bénédiction Apostolique, ainsi qu'à la famille du Cardinal défunte et à ses proches, à ses anciens diocésains de Tours et d'Evreux, ainsi quà toutes les personne qui prenderont part à la célébration des obsèques.

BENEDICTUS PP. XVI

Analogous telegram was sent by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State.


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(199) 40. TUCCI, S.J., Roberto
(1921-2015)

Birth. April 19, 1921, Naples, Italy. Son of Mario Tucci and Eugenia Watt Lega, an English and Anglican woman. He was baptized in the Church of England. When he announced his desire to become a Catholic, his mother immediately acquiesced with some enthusiasm. But not for theological reasons, but very simply because she thought that being an Italian, it was much better if he was Catholic. When he converted, he was baptized sub conditionem because it was thought that the very first baptism was valid as indeed it was. When he manifested his vocation to the priesthood, his mother opposed mostly because she felt he was too young to take such an important decision. When he was still a child, twice he ran away from home with some friends; when they became hungry, they went to the Jesuit novitiate of Vico Equense and thus he met the priests of the Society of Jesus; his father went to get him with the carabineri and brought him home in spite of his protests. He met and felt a great esteem for Father Alberto Giampieri, S.J., who was the director of a sodality of Our Lady (Marian Congregation) in Posillipo After his promotion to the cardinalate, he went to Naples and visited the small Anglican church where he had been baptized; the pastor welcomed him very kindly and had the book of baptisms open on the page where his was recorded and then he discovered that he had a double name: he had been baptized as Robert Francis.

Education. Entered the Society of Jesus on October 1, 1936. Jesuit Novitiate, Vico Equense, Naples (classics); Jesuit houses of study in Gallarate (licentiate in philosophy) and Naples (doctorate in philosophy); University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium (licentiate in theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, August 24, 1950. Further studies, Rome. Faculty member, Theological Faculty "San Luigi", Naples; founder and director of journal Digest religioso, later titled Rassegna di Teologia. Named member of board of writers of the journal La Civiltà Cattolica, 1956; director, 1959. Member of the preparatory commission on lay apostolate of the Second Vatican Council. Attended Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965 as a expert. Conducted a daily press conference during the last three sessions of the Council for the journalists accredited at the Vatican Press Office. Member of Post conciliar commission for the Apostolate of the Laity until the institution of the Consilium de Laicis. Consultor of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, 1965-1989 and as such, member of the editorial committee of the pastoral instruction on social communications "Communio et progressio" in its final phase, 1970-1971. Participated in the Twenty First General Congregation of his order, 1965-1966. Awarded honorary degree in law by the University of Notre Dame in the occasion of the international congress on the Second Vatican Council. Secretary General of the Italian province of the Society of Jesus, 1967-1969. Guest and relator of the Fourth Assembly of the World Council of Churches, Uppsala, Sweden, July 1968. Member for several year of the editorial board of the international theological journal Concilium. Awarded journalistic prize of the American Catholic Press Association for the 1968 article that contributed the most to the promotion of ecumenism, 1969. Attended First Extraordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11-28, 1969; and the Second Ordinary Assembly of Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-November 6, 1971, as member of the official Press Center. Vice-president of the Italian Catholic Press Union (UCSI), 1961-1982. Official counselor for ecumenism to the superior general of the Society of Jesus, Father Pedro Arrupe, 1970-1975. Joined Vatican Radio in 1973; director general until 1985. Consultor of the Secretariat for Christian Unity, 1973-1989. Participated in the XXII General Congregation of his order, 1974-1975 as an elected member. Guest at the Fifth Assembly of the World Council of Churches, Nairobi, Kenya, November-December 1975. Awarded the "Legion d'Honor" by France in 1976. Member of the board of directors of Georgetown University, Washington, United States, 1977-1983. Participated in the 33rd General Congregation of his order, 1983, in which was elected superior general Peter-Hans Kolvenbach. With the exception of the trips to France in 1980 and Austria in 1983, accompanied Pope John Paul II in all his international pilgrimages as organizer of the papal visits outside Italy. President of the Management Committee of Vatican Radio, January 1, 1986.

Episcopate. Requested to be dispensed from the requirement of episcopal ordination and the dispensation was granted by Pope John Paul II.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio, February 21, 2001. His cardinalitial motto was In fide et charitate. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years of age, April 19, 2001. On September 10, 2009, he was decorated with the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, rank of commander, by the French government. Opted for the order of cardinal priests in the consistory of February 21, 2011 and at his request his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title. He resided at via Porta Pinciana 1, Rome.

Death. April 14, 2015, in the afternoon, in the infirmary of the Jesuit Curia, in Rome. Upon learning the news of the death of Cardinal Tucci, Pope Francis prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Father Adolfo Nicolás Pachón, superior general of the Society of Jesus (1). Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, presided over the funeral mass in suffrage of the late cardinal, in the Altar of the Confession of the papal Vatican basilica. He also delivered the homily. Twenty three cardinals concelebrated the mass. At the end of the ceremony, Pope Francis presided over the Ultima commendatio and the Valedictio. The late cardinal was buried in the chapel of the Society of Jesus in Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome.

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Un testimone della Chiesa contemporanea. A colloquio con il cardinale Roberto Tucci, una miniera di ricordi degli ultimi decenni vissuti da protagonista." With Mario Ponzi, L'Osservatore Romano, 23 dicembre 2009, internet edition; Roberto Tucci: «Al Vaticano II vinse lo spirito di continuità» by Filippo Rizzi, Quellli del concilio/6, Avvenire, 20 giugno 2012; L'addio al cardinale Tucci, teologo e «giornalista di Dio» by Andrea Tornielli, Vatican Insider, 15/04/2015; Padre Tucci: il teologo e giornalista che faceva viaggiare Papa Wojtyla by Alessandro Di Bussolo, vaticannews.va, Città del Vaticano, 14 aprile 2019, 08:30; “Padre Tucci”, il giro del mondo in compagnia di un Santo by Alessandro De Carolis, vaticannews.va, Città del Vaticano, 14 aprile 2020, 17:00; Padre Tucci, il gesuita che spiegava il Concilio e portava il Papa in viaggio by Alessandro Di Bussolo, Vatican News, Città del Vaticano, 19 aprile 2021, 16:45, with audio and video.

(1) This is the text of the telegram, taken from the Bulletin of the Press Office of the Holy See:

Rev.mo Padre Adolfo Nicolás Pachón
Preposito Generale della Compagnia di Gesù
Borgo S. Spirito, 4 - 00193 Roma
HO APPRESO LA NOTIZIA DELLA DIPARTITA DEL VENERATO CARDINALE ROBERTO TUCCI, MEMBRO DELLA COMPAGNIA DI GESÙ E DESIDERO ESPRIMERE SENTIMENTI DI VIVO CORDOGLIO A LEI, ALL'INTERO ISTITUTO, AI FAMILIARI E A QUANTI HANNO CONOSCIUTO E STIMATO IL COMPIANTO PORPORATO. RICORDO CON ANIMO GRATO LA PREZIOSA COLLABORAZIONE DA LUI PRESTATA PER TANTI DECENNI ALLA SANTA SEDE COME DIRETTORE DELLA CIVILTÀ CATTOLICA, PERITO AL CONCILIO VATICANO SECONDO, DIRETTORE GENERALE DELLA RADIO VATICANA E SPECIALMENTE COME ORGANIZZATORE DELLE VISITE PAPALI FUORI DITALIA. EGLI LASCIA IL RICORDO DI UNA VITA OPEROSA E DINAMICA, SPESA NELL'ADESIONE COERENTE E GENEROSA ALLA PROPRIA VOCAZIONE QUALE RELIGIOSO ATTENTO ALLE NECESSITÀ DEGLI ALTRI E PASTORE FEDELE AL VANGELO E ALLA CHIESA, SULL'ESEMPIO DI SANT'IGNAZIO. INNALZO FERVIDE PREGHIERE DI SUFFRAGIO PERCHÉ IL SIGNORE LO ACCOLGA NEL GAUDIO E NELLA PACE ETERNA, ED INVIO A LEI E AI CONFRATELLI GESUITI LA CONFORTATRICE BENEDIZIONE APOSTOLICA, SEGNO DELLA MIA INTENSA PARTECIPAZIONE ALLA COMUNE MESTIZIA

FRANCISCUS PP.


Analogous telegram was sent by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, secretary of State.


scheffczyk.JPG

(200) 41. SCHEFFCZYK, Leo
(1920-2005)

Birth. February 21, 1920, Beuthen, archdiocese of Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland).

Education. Studied at the University of Breslau; at the Philosophical-Theological Faculty of Freising; and at the University of München, where he obtained a doctorate in theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, June, 29, 1947, Münich, by Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber, archbishop of München und Freising. Pastoral ministry in Grafing (vicar) and Traunwalchen (administrator). Subregent of Seminary in Königstein, 1948-1951. Faculty member, Philosophical-Theological Faculty, Königstein, 1952-1957. Habilitation (venia legendi) in theology, 1957. Professor of Dogmatic Theology, Philosophical-Theological Faculty, Königstein, 1957-1962; at the University of Tübingen, 1959-1965; at the University of München, 1965-1985. Member of Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, September 11, 1978. Member of the Pontifical International Marian Academy, 1980 and of the Pontifical Roman Theological Academy, 1980. Incardinated in the archdiocese of München und Freising after the jurisdictional reorganization of the former German dioceses in the East, January 1, 1999.

Episcopate. Declined to be promoted to the episcopate because of age.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Francesco Saverio alla Garbatella, February 21, 2001. Promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years old, and thus, he did not have the right to participate in the conclave.

Death. December 8, 2005, Münich. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI sent Cardinal Friedrich Wetter, archbishop of Münich und Freising, a telegram of condolence. In the morning of Tuesday, December 13, the body of the cardinal was taken to the metropolitan cathedral of Münich. Members of the religious family Das Werk, to which the cardinal belonged, held an all day long prayer guard in the cathedral. Cardinal Wetter celebrated a pontifical requiem mass on Wednesday, December 14, at 10.30 a.m. in the metropolitan cathedral. The day of the funeral was Thursday December 15 at 11 a.m.; a pontifical requiem mass was celebrated in the parish church of Sankt Gallus in Bregenz, Vorarlberg, by Cardinal Joachim Meisner, archbishop of Cologne. The burial took place in the cemetery of the religious family "Das Werk" in the monastery of Thalbach, Bregenz, Austria (1).

Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; photograph, arms and bibliography in his homepage; his photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) These are inscriptions on his grave and the two side tablets, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

EVANGELIZARE INVESTIBABILES
DIVITIAS
CHRISTI
Leo Kardinal Scheffczyk

Professor der Dogmatik
geb.: 21.2.1920
gest.: 8.12.2005

ruht hier
in Gottes Frieden

+++





Wer aus
Gottes Licht
der
Wahrheit
dient,
lebt die
wahre Liebe.

Mutter Julia Verhaeghe



Den
unergründlichen
Reichtum
Christi
verkünden
Eph. 3,8


dulles.jpg

(201) 42. DULLES, S.J., Avery
(1918-2008)

Birth. August 24, 1918, Auburn, diocese of Rochester, United States. His baptismal name was Avery Robert. Son of John Foster Dulles, United States Secretary of State, and Janet Pomeroy Avery Dulles; nephew of Allen Welsh Dulles, founding administrator of the Central Intelligence Agency; great-grandson of John Watson Foster, secretary of State of the United States; great-grandson of Theodore Medad Pomeroy, MC, Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Education. Attended primary school in New York City and secondary education at private schools in Switzerland and New England. Raised a Presbyterian, he was a self-professed agnostic when he entered Harvard University in 1936. He converted to Catholicism on November 26, 1940. After graduation, served in intelligence in the Naval Reserve. In 1945 was decorated with the Croix de Guerre for his work in communication with the French navy. Later in 1945, he contracted polio in Naples, Italy. Joined the Society of Jesus, August 14, 1946, New York Province. Instructor of Philosophy, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, 1951-1953. Obtained a doctorate in theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 1960.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 16, 1956, Fordham University, New York, by Cardinal Francis Spellman, archbishop of New York. He was moderator of the freshman and sophomore Sodality of Our Lady, which included as its prefect sophomore Theodore McCarrick, later cardinal and archbishop of Washington, D.C. Later he was a member of the faculties of Woodstock College and of the Catholic University of America. From 1988 he was the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University. Member of the International Theological Commission, 1991-1997. He held fifteen visiting professorships and numerous positions in theological organizations including the presidency of the Catholic Theological Society of America and the American Theological Society, which was founded by a group of Protestant theologians including his grandfather Allen Macy Dulles, a distinguished Presbyterian theologian. Consultor to the Committee on Doctrine of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Considered as the preeminent American Catholic theologian, he received numerous awards. Among them, Phi Beta Kappa, the National Catholic Book Award, the Religious Education Forum Award, as well as the Cardinal Spellman Award for distinguished achievement in theology. He also received 21 honorary doctorates and was well known internationally as an author and a lecturer. He published 21 books and over 650 articles, essays and reviews (1). Many of his writings interpret and communicate the messages of the Vatican II Ecumenical Council.

Episcopate. Requested to be dispensed from the requirement of episcopal ordination and the dispensation was granted by Pope John Paul II.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of SS. Nomi di Gesù e Maria in via Lata, February 21, 2001. His cardinalitial motto was Scio cui credidi. Promoted to the cardinalate when he was over 80 years old, and thus, he did not have the right to participate in the conclave.

Death. Friday December 12, 2008, at 6:30 a.m., at the infirmary of the Jesuit community in Fordham University, New York. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI sent Cardinal Edward Michael Egan, archbishop of New York a telegram of condolence. Three masses were celebrated for the repose of the soul of the cardinal: Tuesday, December 16, at 7:30 p.m. in the University Church; Wednesday, December 17, at 7:30 p.m. in the University Church; Thursday, December 18, at 2 p.m. at St. Patrick's Cathedral with Cardinal Egan officiating as representative of the pope. The cardinal's family received visitors in the University Church on Tuesday and Wednesday afternoons from 2 to 5 p.m. The late cardinal was buried in the Jesuit cemetery at Auriesville, New York, near the Shrine of the North American Martyrs (2). His red hat (galero) hangs in the Fordham University Church, in front of the stained glass window of the North American martyrs.

Bibliography. Carey, Patrick W. Avery Cardinal Dulles, SJ : a model theologian, 1918-2008. New York : Paulist Press, 2010; Dulles, Avery. John Paul II and the mystery of the human person. New York : Produced by Development and University Relations, Office of Public Affairs, Fordham University, ©2004. (McGinley lecture series, 2003); The legacy of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J.: His words and his witness. Edited by Ann-Marie Kirmse; and Michael Canaris. Preface by Cardinal Theodore E. McCarrick. New York : Fordham University Press, 2011.

Webgraphy. Pope Appoints Fordham Theologian A Cardinal, in English, Fordham University; his photograph, arms, curriculum vitae, and biography, in English, Fordham University; his photograph and biography, in Italian, Sala Stampa della Santa Sede; his photograph and biography, in English, Holy See Press Office; Fordham Mourns the Death of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J., Fordham University; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; Avery Dulles' 3rd anniversary, in English, Communio, blog by Paul A. Zalonski; The six models of Cardinal Avery Dulles by Matt Malone, S.J., America, November 12, 2018.

(1) These are the works he wrote, cited in the Fordham University web site:
Princeps Concordiae: Pico della Mirandola and the Scholastic Tradition. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1941; A Testimonial to Grace. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1946. Italian translation, 1959; Spanish translation, 1963;
Introductory Metaphysics (in collaboration with J. M. Demske and R. J. O'Connell). New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955;
Apologetics and the Biblical Christ. Westminster, Md.: Newman Press, 1963; London: Burns, Oates, 1964. French translation, 1965; Korean translation, 1969; Polish translation, 1971; Chinese (Taiwan) translation, 1972;
The Dimensions of the Church. Westminister, Md.: Newman Press, 1967;
Revelation and the Quest for Unity. Washington, D.C.: Corpus Books, 1968;
Revelation Theology: A History. New York: Herder and Herder, 1969; London: Burns, Oates, 1970. German translation: 1970;
Spirit, Faith, and Church (in collaboration with W. Pannenberg and Carl E. Braaten). Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1970. German translation, 1971;
The Survival of Dogma. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971; Image Books paperback edition, 1973; reprint, New York: Crossroad, 1982. French translation, 1975;
The History of Apologetics. London: Hutchinson, 1971; Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1971, and New York: Corpus Books, 1971; reprint, Eugene: Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1999; second edition, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005;
Models of the Church. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1974, expanded edition, 1987, expanded edition with new appendix, 2002, digital edititions, 2002; Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1976; Spanish translation, 1975; Portuguese translation, 1978; Indonesian translation, 1990; Hungarian translation, 2003; Italian translation, 2005;
Church Membership as a Catholic and Ecumenical Problem (1974 Père Marquette Lecture). Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1974; reprinted in 1981;
The Resilient Church. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1977; Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1977;
A Church to Believe In: Discipleship and the Dynamics of Freedom. New York: Crossroad, 1982; paperback edition, 1983;
Models of Revelation. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1983; Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1983; Doubleday Image paperback edition, 1985; reprint with new introduction, Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1992;
The Church: A Bibliography (in collaboration with Patrick Granfield). Wilmington, Del.: Michael Glazier, 1985;
The Catholicity of the Church. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985; Oxford Scholarship On-Line, 2003;
The Reshaping of the Catholicism. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988;
The Craft of Theology: From Symbol to System . New York: Crossroad, 1992, expanded edition, 1995; Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1992. Spanish translation, 2003;
The Assurance of Things Hoped For: A Theology of Christian Faith. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994; paperback edition, 1997. Italian translation, 1997;
A Testimonial to Grace and Reflections on a Theological Journey (fiftieth anniversary edition). Kansas City, Missouri: Sheed and Ward, 1996; Polish translation, 2004;
The Priestly Office. New York/Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1997; German translation, 2004; Polish translation, 2005;
The Theology of the Church: A Bibliography (in collaboration with Patrick Granfield). New York/Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1999;
The Splendor of Faith: The Theological Vision of Pope John Paul II. New York: Crossroad, 1999; revised and updated edition, 2003; Polish translation, 2003;
The New World of Faith. Huntington, Indiana: Our Sunday Visitor, 2000;
Newman. London/ New York: Continuum, 2002;
Magisterium: Teacher and Guardian of the Faith. Naples, Florida: Ave Maria Press of Sapientia University, 2007;
Articles: Over 800 articles and book reviews on theological subjects (revelation, Church, faith, apologetics, ecumenism) in periodicals including:
America;
American Ecclesiastical Review;
Catholic Mind;
Chicago Studies;
Church;
Civiltà cattolica;
Commonweal;
Communio (St. Louis);
Concilium;
Crisis;
Dialog;
Downside Review;
Expository Times;
First Things;
Journal of Ecumenical Studies;
Journal of Religion;
Living Light;
Logos;
New Oxford Review;
Orientierung (Zurich);
Origins;
Pro Ecclesia;
Stimmen der Zeit (Münich);
Studies (Dublin);
Tablet (London);
Theological Studies;
Theologie und Glaube (Paderborn);
Theologische Quartalschrift (Tübingen);
Theology Digest;
Theology Today;
Thomist;
Thought;
Worship;
Contributor to Encyclopedias including:
Encyclopedia Britannica;
Encyclopedia of Religion;
New Catholic Encyclopedia.

(2) This is the inscription in his tombstone, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

+
AVERY CARDINAL DULLES, S.J.
BORN AUGUST 24, 1918
ENTERED AUGUST 14, 1946
CREATED CARDINAL FEBRUARY 21, 2001
CARDINAL DEACON OF THE CHURCH OF
THE HOLY NAMES OF JESUS AND MARY
DIED DECEMBER 12, 2008
SCIO CUI CREDIDI
R.I.P.

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