The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Conclaves of the 15th Century (1404-1492)

Conclave of October ? - 17, 1404
(Innocent VII)
Pope Boniface IX died on October 1, 1404. Cardinal Cosmato Gentile de' Migliorati was elected his successor on October 17, 1404 and took the name of Innocent VII. During this sede vacante, the Roman Obedience of the Sacred College of Cardinals had only twelve members. Nine of the twelve participated in the election of Innocent VII. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

-Angelo Acciaioli, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.
-Francesco Carbone, O.Cist., bishop of Sabina, grand penitentiary.
-Angelo d'Anna de Sommariva, O.S.B.Cam., title of S. Pudenziana.
-Enrico Minutoli, title of S. Anastasia.
-Cosmato Gentile de' Migliorati, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme. (Elected Pope Innocent VII)
-Cristoforo Maroni, title of S. Ciriaco.
-Antonio Caetani, title of S. Cecilia.
-Landolfo Maramaldo, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere.
-Rinaldo Brancacci, deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Bálint Alsáni, title of S. Sabina.
-Ludovico Fieschi, deacon of S. Adriano.
-Baldassare Cossa, deacon of S. Eustachio.

Conclave of November 18 - 30, 1406
(Gregory XII)
Pope Innocent VII died on November 6, 1406. Cardinal Angelo Correr was elected his successor on November 30, 1406 and took the name of Gregory XII. During this sede vacante, the Roman Obedience of the Sacred College of Cardinals had eighteen members, fourteen of which participated in the election of Gregory XII. Cardinal Ludovico Fieschi had abandoned the Roman Obedience and had been recognized as cardinal by the Antipope Benedict XIII. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

-Angelo Acciaioli, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
-Enrico Minutoli, bishop of Frascati.
-Antonio Caetani, bishop of Palestrina.
-Landolfo Maramaldo, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.
-Rinaldo Brancacci, deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto.
-Angelo d'Anna de Sommariva, O.S.B.Cam., title of S. Pudenziana.
-Corrado Caracciolo, title of S. Crisogono.
-Angelo Correr, title of S. Marco. (Elected Pope Gregory XII) (1)
-Giordano Orsini, iuniore, title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti.
-Giovanni Migliorati, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme.
-Antonio Calvi, title of S. Prassede.
-Oddone Colonna, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.
-Pietro Stefaneschi, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria.
-Jean Gilles, deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano.

(1) To end the schism, resigned through his procurator Carlo Malatesta, on July 4, 1415 in the Council of Constance. The Council granted him the title of cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and the rank immediately after the pope. Died on October 18, 1417 in Recanati.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Bálint Alsáni, title of S. Sabina.
-Baldassare Cossa, deacon of S. Eustachio (Future Antipope John XXIII).
-Francesco Uguccione, title of Ss. IV Coronati.
-Pietro Filargis, O.F.M., title of Ss. XII Apostoli (Future Antipope Alexander V).

Conclave of June 15 - 26, 1409
(Antipope Alexander V)
The Council of Pisa was summoned by the cardinals to end the Great Schism. It convened on March 25, 1409. After deposing both Benedict XIII and Gregory XII, on June 5, 1409, the twenty-three cardinals who supported the Council entered a conclave on June 15. Eleven days later, on June 26, they elected Pietro Filargis, O.F.M., who assumed the name Alexander V. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

-Guy de Malsec, bishop of Palestrina (1384).
-Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia e Velletri (1385).
-Niccolò Brancaccio, bishop of Albano (1388).
-Pierre Girard, bishop of Frascati (1402 or 1405).
-Antonio Caetani, bishop of Palestrina (1405).
-Enrico Minutoli, bishop of Frascati (1405).
-Angelo d'Anna de Sommariva, O.S.B.Cam., title of S. Pudenziana.
-Pierre de Thury, title of S. Susanna.
-Pedro Fernández de Frías, title of S. Prassede.
-Corrado Caracciolo, title of S. Crisogono.
-Francesco Uguccione, title of Ss. IV Coronati.
-Giordano Orsini, iuniore, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso.
-Giovanni Migliorati, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme.
-Pietro Filargis, O.F.M., title of Ss. XII Apostoli. (Elected Antipope Alexander V)
-Antonio Calvi, title of S. Prassede.
-Landolfo Maramaldo, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.
-Rinaldo Brancacci, deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto.
-Amedeo di Saluzzo, deacon of S. Maria Nuova.
-Baldassare Cossa, deacon of S. Eustachio.
-Oddone Colonna, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.
-Pierre Blain, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria (1395).
-Pietro Stefaneschi, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria (1405).
-Louis de Bar, deacon of S. Agata.
-Antonio de Challant, deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

The following cardinal did not participate in the conclave:
-Ludovico Fieschi, deacon of S. Adriano. (1)

(1) Abandoned the obedience of Innocent VII on October 22, 1404 and joined that of Benedict XIII on May 11, 1405. After the election of Alexander V on June 26, 1409, at the Council of Pisa, he adhered to the obedience of this antipope.

Conclave of May 14 - 17, 1410
(Antipope John XXIII)
Antipope Alexander V died at Bologna on May 3, 1410. The cardinals who had adhered to the Council of Pisa met in Bologna for a conclave to elect his successor. They chose Baldassare Cossa on May 17, 1410. He took the name John XXIII. The twenty-three original cardinals who convened the Council were now reduced by two, Pietro Filargis, O.F.M. (Alexander V) and Pierre Blain, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria, who died on December 12, 1409. The Pisan Obedience had, however, gained another adherent, Ludovico Fieschi, a creation of Urban VI, who submitted to Alexander. The number of cardinal-electors was twenty two, but five of them were absent from the conclave. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

-Enrico Minutoli, bishop of Sabina, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
-Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.
-Niccolò Brancaccio, bishop of Albano.
-Pierre Girard, bishop of Frascati.
-Angelo d'Anna de Sommariva, O.S.B.Cam., title of S. Pudenziana.
-Pedro Fernández de Frías, title of S. Prassede.
-Corrado Caracciolo, title of S. Crisogono.
-Francesco Uguccione, title of Ss. IV Coronati.
-Giordano Orsini, iuniore, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso.
-Giovanni Migliorati, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme.
-Antonio Calvi, title of S. Marco.
-Landolfo Maramaldo, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.
-Rinaldo Brancacci, deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto.
-Ludovico Fieschi, deacon of S. Adriano.
-Baldassare Cossa, deacon of S. Eustachio. (Elected Antipope John XXIII)
-Oddone Colonna, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.
-Pietro Stefaneschi, deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano.
-Antonio de Challant, deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

Absent from the conclave were:
-Guy de Malsec, bishop of Palestrina.
-Antonio Caetani, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina.
-Pierre de Thury, title of S. Susanna.
-Louis de Bar, title of Ss. XII Apostoli.
-Amedeo di Saluzzo, deacon of S. Maria Nuova.

Conclave of November 8 - 11, 1417
(Martin V)
Twenty-three cardinals joined with six representatives from each of the five nations (England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain) at the Council of Constance to conduct a unique conclave. Cardinal Oddone Colonna was elected Pope Martin V on November 11, 1417. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

Cardinals (In parentheses, the pope or antipope who created them).
-Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia e Velletri (Clement VII).
-Angelo d'Anna de Sommariva, O.S.B.Cam., bishop of Palestrina (Urban VI).
-Pedro Fernández de Frías, bishop of Sabina (Clement VII).
-Antonio de Challant, title of S. Cecilia (Benedict XIII).
-Giordano Orsini, iuniore, bishop of Albano (Innocent VII).
-Antonio Correr, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine of S. Giorgio in Alga, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina (Gregory XII).
-Gabriel Condulmer, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine of S. Giorgio in Alga, title of S. Clemente (Gregory XII).
-Giovanni Dominici, O.P., title of S. Sisto (Gregory XII).
-Angelo Barbarigo, title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro (Gregory XII).
-Francesco Lando, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme (John XXIII).
-Antonio Panciera, title of S. Susanna (John XXIII).
-Alamanno Adimari, title of S. Eusebio (John XXIII).
-Pierre d'Ailly, title of S. Crisogono (John XXIII).
-Tommaso Brancaccio, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo (John XXIII).
-Branda Castiglione, title of S. Clemente (John XXIII).
-Guillaume Fillastre, title of S. Marco (John XXIII).
-Simon de Cramaud, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina (John XXIII).
-Pierre de Foix, O.F.M., le vieux (had not received a title yet) (John XXIII).
-Amedeo di Saluzzo, deacon of S. Maria Nuova (Clement VII).
-Ludovico Fieschi, deacon of S. Adriano (Urban VI).
-Rinaldo Brancaccio, deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto (Urban VI).
-Oddone Colonna, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro (Innocent VII). (Elected Pope Martin V)
-Lucido Conti, deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin (John XXIII).

Prelates of the five nations who joined the cardinals in the conclave:
England:
-Richard Clifford, bishop of London.
-Nicholas Bubbewyth, bishop of Bath and Wells.
-John Catterick, bishop of Conventry and Lichfield.
-John Wakering, bishop of Norwich.
-Thomas, abbot of St. Mary's monastery, York.
-Thomas, dean of York.

France:
-Jean de Rochetaillée, patriarch of Constantinople (cardinal, 1426).
-Guillaume de Boisratier, archbishop of Bourges.
-Jacques de Gelu, archbishop of Tours.
-Jean des Bertrandis, bishop of Geneva.
-Robert, abbot of Cluny.
-Gauthier Crassi, prior of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem.

Germany:
-Johannes von Walenrode, archbishop of Riga (currently Latvia).
-Nicolaus Tramba, archbishop of Gniezno (currently Poland).
-Simon de Dominis, bishop of Tragir (or Traú) in Dalmatia.
-Lambert de Stipite, O. Clun., prior of Belcheia, diocese of Liège.
-Nicolaus von Dinkelsbühl, canon of St. Stephan in Vienna.
-Konrad von Susato, prepositus of St. Cyriach in Neuhausen, Worms.

Italy:
-Bartolomeo de la Capra, archbishop of Milan.
-Francesco Scondito, bishop of Melfi.
-Enrico Scarampi, bishop of Belluno e Feltre.
-Giacomo de Camplo (Turco), bishop-elect of Penne ed Atri.
-Leonardo Dati, O.P., master general of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans).
-Pandulfo Malatesta, archdeacon of Bologna.

Spain:
-Diego de Anaya y Maldonado, bishop of Cuenca.
-Nicolás Divitis, O.P., bishop of Aquae Augustae (Dax), now Aire.
-Juan de Villalón, bishop of Badajoz.
-Felipe de Medalia, magister.
-Gonzalo Garsía, archdeacon of Burgos.
-Pedro Velasco, doctor in utroque iuris.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Louis de Bar, title of Ss. XII Apostoli, (Antipope Benedict XIII), absent.
-Juan Martínez de Murillo, O.Cis., title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, (Antipope Benedict XIII), absent.
-Carlos Jordán de Urriés y Pérez Salanova, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro, (Antipope Benedict XIII), absent.
-Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz, deacon of S. Eustachio, (Antipope Benedict XIII), absent.
-Pedro Fonseca, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria, (Antipope Benedict XIII), absent.
-Philip Repington, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, bishop of Lincoln, England, (Gregory XII), absent.
-Pietro Morosini, iuniore, deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin, (Gregory XII), absent.
-Guglielmo Carbone, title of S. Balbina, (Antipope John XXIII), absent.
-Giacomo Isolani, deacon of S. Eustachio, (Antipope John XXIII), absent.

Note: Baldassare Cossa, former Antipope John XXIII, was imprisoned and probably not considered a cardinal.

Election of June 10, 1423
(Antipope Clement VIII)
Antipope Benedict XIII died on May 23, 1423 in Peñíscola, Aragón, Spain, at 95 years of age. He had made his four pseudocardinals promise that they would elect a successor after his death. Three of them met in conclave and elected Gil Sánchez Muñoz, provost of Valencia and archpriest of Teruel, Spain, who took the name Clement VIII. One of the pseudocardinals, Jean Carrier, was in Armagnac, France, and arrived after the election had taken place.

-Julián Lobera y Valtierra, administrator of Tarazona, bishop of Ostia e Velletri (?).
-Ximeno Dahe, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina.
-Domingo de Bonnefoi, O.Carth., title of S. Pietro in Vincoli.

The following pseudocardinal did not participate in the conclave:
-Jean Carrier, title of S. Stefano in Monte Celio.

Election of November 12, 1425
(Antipope Benedict XIV)
Pseudocardinal Jean Carrier, title of S. Stefano in Monte Celio, who was absent from the election of Antipope Clement VIII, decided, after consulting theologians and canonists, that that election was invalid because "it was done by liers, thieves and excomunicated persons" and declared that he alone had the right to fill the Holy See. Carrier gathered a notary and several witnesses in Armagnac, France, and designated pope Bernard Garnier, a sacristan of Rodez, France, and consecrated him. He took the name Benedict XIV. Shortly after his election this antipope disappeared from history and not even the date of his death is known. (Anselmo Gascón de Gotor, Pedro de Luna, el pontífice que no cedió. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 1956).

Conclave of March 2 - 3, 1431
(Eugenius IV)
Pope Martin V died on February 20, 1431. Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine of S. Giorgio in Alga, was elected his successor on March 3, 1431 and took the name of Eugenius IV. During this sede vacante, there were some twenty-three men who were cardinals, but the College itself considered that it had a valid membership of nineteen. Juan Casanova, O.P., and Guillaume Raguenel de Montfort had been created without publication (an innovation of Pope Martin V). A third, Domenico Capranica, had been created and published a cardinal, but had not yet been received by the Sacred College of Cardinals. In addition, one other cardinal, Philip Repington, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, was in complete retirement in England, and had not been acknowledged as a member of the college since at least 1409. Consequently, the college itself considered that it had a valid membership of nineteen. Of the nineteen cardinals, six were absent entirely from the election. The remaining thirteen were the electors present in the conclave. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

-Antonio Correr, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine of S. Giorgio in Alga, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.
-Giordano Orsini, iuniore, bishop of Albano, grand penitentiary.
-Gabriele Condulmer, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine of S. Giorgio in Alga, title of S. Maria in Trastevere. (Elected Pope Eugenius IV)
-Antonio Panciera, title of S. Susanna.
-Branda Castiglione, title of S. Clemente.
-Jean de la Rochetaillée, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina.
-Antonio Casini, title of S. Marcello.
-Niccolò Albergati, O.Carth., title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, administrator of Bologna.
-Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz, deacon of S. Eustachio.
-Lucido Conti, deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin.
-Ardicino della Porta, seniore, deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano.
-Prospero Colonna, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.
-Giuliano Cesarini, seniore, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Pierre de Foix, O.F.M., le vieux, title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio.
-Louis Aleman, C.R.S.J., title of S. Cecilia, administrator of Arles, France.
-Henry Beaufort, title of S. Eusebio, bishop of Winchester, England.
-Juan de Cervantes, title of S. Pietro in Vincoli.
-Hugues de Lusignan, deacon of S. Adriano.
-Domingo Ram i Lanaja, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo.

Election of November 5, 1439
(Antipope Felix V)
The Council of Basel (1431-1449) deposed Pope Eugenius IV and, in an irregular election, chose Amedeo VIII, duke of Savoie, to replace him. Amadeus was also the founder and superior of the order of knights-hermits of St. Maurice in Ripaillie, diocese of Gèneve, Switzerland. He was elected by one cardinal, eleven bishops, seven abbots, and fourteen theologians and doctors and took the name Felix V. Consecrated and crowned in Basel on July 24, 1440, he abdicated on April 7, 1449 and was created cardinal bishop of Sabina by Pope Nicholas V on that same day (or on April 23). He died in Gèneve on January 7, 1451.

Cardinal:
-Louis Aleman, C.R.S.J., title of S. Cecilia, archbishop of Arles, France.
Bishops:
-Guglielmo Didier, bishop of Vercelli.
-Giorgio di Saluzzo, bishop of Aosta.
-Giovanni de Parella, bishop of Ivrea.
-Ludovico de Romagnano, bishop of Turin.
-Jean d'Arces, archbishop of Tarentaise, France.
-François de Meez, O.S.B., bishop of Geneva, Switzerland.
-Bernard de la Planche, O.S.B., bishop of Dax, France.
-Friedrich Zu-Rhein, bishop of Basel, Switzerland.
-Otón de Moncada i de Luna, bishop of Tortosa, Spain.
-Jordi d'Ornos, bishop of Vich, Spain.
-Luis Gonçalves de Amaral, bishop of Viseu, Portugal.

Conclave of March 4 - 6, 1447
(Nicholas V)
Pope Eugenius IV died on February 23, 1447. Cardinal Tommaso Parentucelli was elected his successor on March 6, 1447 and took the name of Nicholas V. During this sede vacante, there were twenty-seven men who had been created and published as cardinals. However, one of them, Louis Aleman, C.R.S.J., had been excommunicated and deprived of his cardinalate by Pope Eugenius IV on December 11, 1440 because of his active participation in the Council of Basel. He was reinstated by Pope Nicholas V on December 19, 1449. Of the twenty-six valid cardinal-electors, eighteen attended the conclave while eight were absent. The electoral meeting was held in the Dominican house next to the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

-Francesco Condulmer, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church.
-Giovanni Berardi, bishop of Palestrina, grand penitentiary.
-Niccolo d'Acciapaccio, title of S. Marcello, archbishop of Capua.
-Giorgio Fieschi, title of S. Anastasia.
-Bessarion, title of Ss. XII Apostoli.
-António Martins de Chaves, title of S. Crisogono, bishop of Porto, Portugal.
-Jean Le Jeune, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, bishop of Thérouanne, France.
-Guillaume d'Estouteville, title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, bishop of Angers, France.
-Juan de Torquemada, O.P., title of S. Maria in Trastevere.
-Ludovico Trevisano, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, patriarch of Aquileia and bishop of Cava.
-Pietro Barbo, deacon of S. Maria Nuova.
-Alfonso Borja, title of Ss. IV Coronati, archbishop of Valencia, Span.
-Enrico Rampini , title of S. Clemente, archbishop of Milan.
-Tommaso Parentucelli, title of S. Susanna, bishop of Bologna. (Elected Pope Nicholas V)
-Domenico Capranica, deacon of S. Maria in via Lata, administrator of Fermo.
-Prospero Colonna, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.
-Juan de Carvajal, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria, bishop of Plasencia, Spain.
-Giovanni de Primis, O.S.B.Cas., title of S. Sabina.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Juan de Cervantes, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
-Pierre de Foix, O.F.M., le vieux, bishop of Albano.
-Henry Beaufort, title of S. Eusebio, bishop of Winchester, England.
-John Kempe, title of S. Balbina, archbishop of York, England.
-Isidore of Kiev, title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro,
-Zbigniew z Oleśnicy, title of S. Prisca, bishop of Kraków, Poland.
-Peter von Schaumberg, title of S. Vitale, bishop of Augsburg, Germany.
-Dénes Szécsi, title of S. Ciriaco, archbishop of Esztergom, Hungary.

Conclave of April 4 - 8, 1455
(Callistus III)
Pope Nicholas V died on March 24, 1455. Cardinal Alfonso Borja was elected his successor on April 8, 1455 and took the name of Callistus III. At the moment of the death of Nicholas V, there were twenty-two living cardinals. But one, Zbigniew z Oleśnicy, died in sede vacante on April 1, 1455. Fifteen of the twenty-one cardinals participated in the conclave. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

-Giorgio Fieschi, bishop of Palestrina.
-Isidore of Kiev, bishop of Sabina.
-Bessarion, bishop of Frascati.
-Alfonso Borja, title of Ss. IV Coronati, bishop of Valencia, Spain. (Elected Pope Callistus III)
-Juan de Torquemada, O.P., title of S. Maria in Trastevere.
-Ludovico Trevisano, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, patriarch of Aquileia and bishop of Cava.
-Pietro Barbo, title of S. Marco.
-Antonio Cerdà i Lloscos, O.SS.T., title of S. Crisogono, bishop of Lérida, Spain.
-Latino Orsini, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo.
-Alain de Coëtivy, title of S. Prassede, bishop of Avignon.
-Filippo Calandrini, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, bishop of Bologna.
-Guillaume d'Estaing, O.S.B., title of S. Sabina.
-Domenico Capranica, deacon of S. Maria in via Lata, administrator of Fermo.
-Prospero Colonna, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.
-Juan de Carvajal, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria, bishop of Plasencia, Spain.

Conclave of August 16 - 19, 1458
(Pius II)
Pope Callistus III died on August 6, 1458. Cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini was elected his successor on August 19, 1458 and took the name of Pius II. At the time of the death of Pope Callixtus III there were twenty-seven living cardinals. But one, Cardinal Domenico Capranica, died two days before the beginning of the conclave on August 14, 1458. Eight others did not attend the conclave. (Notes provided by Dr. Francis A. Burkle-Young, author of Passing the Keys.)

-Giorgio Fieschi, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
-Isidore of Kiev, bishop of Sabina, titular patriarch of Constantinople.
-Bessarion, bishop of Frascati.
-Guillaume d'Estouteville, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, archbishop of Rouen, France.
-Juan de Torquemada, O.P., title of S. Maria in Trastevere.
-Pietro Barbo, title of S. Marco.
-Antonio Cerdà i Lloscos, O.SS.T., title of S. Crisogono, bishop of Lérida, Spain.
-Latino Orsini, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo.
-Alain de Coëtivy, title of S. Prassede, bishop of Avignon.
-Filippo Calandrini, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, bishop of Bologna.
-Lluís Joan del Milà, title of Ss. IV Coronati, bishop of Segorbe, Spain.
-Juan de Mella, title of S. Prisca, bishop of Zamora, Spain.
-Giovanni Castiglione, title of S. Clemente, bishop of Pavia.
-Enea Silvio Piccolomini, title of S. Sabina, bishop of Siena. (Elected Pope Pius II)
-Giacomo Tebaldi, title of S. Anastasia, bishop of Montefeltro.
-Prospero Colonna, deacon of S. Girogio in Velabro.
-Jaime of Portugal, deacon of S. Eustachio, administrator of Lisbon, Portugal, and administrator of Paphos, Cyprus.
-Rodrigo de Borja y Borja, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano, administrator of Valencia, Spain.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Pierre de Foix, O.F.M., le vieux, bishop of Albano.
-Peter von Schaumberg, title of S. Vitale, bishop of Augsburg, Germany.
-Dénes Szécsi, title of S. Ciriaco, archbishop of Esztergom, Hungary
-Ludovico Trevisano, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, patriarch of Aquileia and bishop of Cava.
-Juan de Carvajal, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria, bishop of Plasencia, Spain.
-Jean Rolin, title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, bishop of Autun, France.
-Nikolaus von Cusa, title of S. Pietro in Vincoli.
-Richard Olivier de Longueil, he had not received a title yet, bishop of Coutances, France.

Conclave of August 27 - 30, 1464
(Paul II)
Pope Pius II died on August 14, 1464. Cardinal Pietro Barbo was elected on August 30, 1464 and took the name Paul II. At the time of the death of the pope there were twenty-nine living cardinals. Nineteen cardinals attended the conclave and ten were absent.

-Guillaume d'Estouteville, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, archbishop of Rouen, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
-Juan de Carvajal, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, deacon in commendam of S. Angelo in Pescheria, bishop of Plasencia, Spain.
-Bessarion, bishop of Frascati.
-Juan de Torquemada, O.P., bishop of Sabina.
-Ludovico Trevisano, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, patriarch of Aquileia and bishop of Cava.
-Pietro Barbo, title of S. Marco. (Elected Pope Paul II)
-Latino Orsini, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo.
-Alain de Coëtivy, title of S. Prassede, bishop of Avignon, France.
-Filippo Calandrini, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, bishop of Bologna.
-Rodrigo de Borja y Borja, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano, administrator of Valencia, Spain.
-Juan de Mella, title of S. Prisca, bishop of Zamora, Spain.
-Giacomo Tebaldi, title of S. Anastasia, bishop of Montefeltro.
-Richard Olivier de Longueil, title of S. Eusebio, bishop of Coutances, France.
-Angelo Capranica, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, bishop of Rieti.
-Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, deacon of S. Eustachio, bishop of Siena.
-Bartolomeo Roverella, title of S. Clemente, archbishop of Ravenna.
-Louis d'Albret, title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, bishop of Cahors, France.
-Giacomo Ammannati-Piccolomini, title of S. Crisogono, bishop of Pavia.
-Francesco Gonzaga, deacon of S. Maria Nuova.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Pierre de Foix, O.F.M., le vieux, bishop of Albano.
-Peter von Schaumberg, title of S. Vitale, bishop of Augsburg, Germany.
-Dénes Szécsi, title of S. Ciriaco, archbishop of Esztergom, Hungary.
-Jean Rolin, title of S. Stefano in Monte Celio, bishop of Autun, France.
-Lluís Joan del Milà, title of Ss. IV Coronati, bishop of Lérida, Spain
-Berardo Eroli, title of S. Sabina, bishop of Spoleto.
-Niccolò Fortiguerra, title of S. Cecilia, bishop of Teano.
-Burkhard Weisbriach, title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, archbishop of Salzburg, Austria.
-Jean Jouffroy, O.S.B.Clun., title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, bishop of Alby, France.
-Jaime Francisco de Cardona i de Aragón, no title assigned, bishop of Urgel, Spain.

Conclave of August 6 - 9, 1471
(Sixtus IV)
Pope Paul II died on July 26, 1471. Cardinal Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.Conv. was elected on August 9, 1471 and took the name Sixtus IV. At the time of the death of Pope Paul II there were twenty-five living cardinals and eighteen of them participated in the conclave.

-Guillaume d'Estouteville, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, archbishop of Rouen, France, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
-Bessarion, bishop of Sabina.
-Latino Orsini, bishop of Frascati.
-Filippo Calandrini, bishop of Albano and Bologna.
-Angelo Capranica, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme.
-Berardo Eroli, title of S. Sabina, bishop of Spoleto.
-Niccolò Fortiguerra, title of S. Cecilia, bishop of Teano.
-Bartolomeo Roverella, title of S. Clemente, archbishop of Ravenna.
-Giacomo Ammannati-Piccolomini, title of S. Crisogono, bishop of Pavia.
-Oliviero Carafa, title of S. Eusebio, archbishop of Naples.
-Amico Agnifilo, title of S. Maria in Trastevere.
-Marco Barbo, title of S. Marco, patriarch of Aquileia.
-Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.Conv., title of S. Pietro in Vincoli. (Elected Pope Sixtus IV)
-Rodrigo de Borja y Borja, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano, administrator of Valencia, Spain.
-Francesco Gonzaga, deacon of S. Maria Nuova.
-Teodoro Paleologo di Monteferrato, deacon of S. Teodoro.
-Giovanni Battista Zeno, title of S. Anastasia.
-Giovanni Michiel, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Alain de Coëtivy, bishop of Palestrina.
-Jean Rolin, title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, bishop of Autun, France.
-Lluís Joan del Milà, title of Ss. IV Coronati, bishop of Lérida, Spain.
-Jean Jouffroy, O.S.B.Clun., title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, bishop of Albi, France.
-Thomas Bourchier, title of S. Ciriaco, archbishop of Canterbury, England.
-Jean Balue, title of S. Susanna, bishop of Angers, France.
-Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, deacon of S. Eustachio, bishop of Siena.

Conclave of August 26 - 29, 1484
(Innocent VIII)
Pope Sixtus IV died on August 12, 1484. Cardinal Giovanni Battista Cibo was elected on August 29, 1484 and took the name Innocent VIII. At the time of the death of Pope Sixtus IV there were thirty-two living cardinals. Twenty-five cardinals participated in the conclave and seven were absent.

-Rodrigo de Borja y Borja, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, administrator of Valencia, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
-Giuliano della Rovere, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, bishop of Bologna, administrator of Avignon.
-Oliviero Carafa, bishop of Sabina, title of S. Eusebio in commendam, archbishop of Naples.
-Marco Barbo, bishop of Palestrina, patriarch of Aquileia.
-Giovanni Battista Zeno, bishop of Frascati.
-Giovanni Michiel, title of S. Marcello, deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria in commendam.
-Stefano Nardini, title of S. Maria in Trastevere, archbishop of Milan.
-Giovanni Battista Cibo, title of S. Cecilia, bishop of Molfetta. (Elected Pope Innocent VIII)
-Giovanni Arcimboldo, title of S. Prassede, bishop of Novara.
-Philibert Hugonet, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, bishop of Mâcon and bishop of Autun, France.
-Jorge da Costa, title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, archbishop of Lisbon, Portugal.
-Girolamo Basso della Rovere, title of S. Crisogono, bishop of Recanati.
-Gabriele Rangone, O.Min.Obs., title of Ss. Sergio e Bacco, bishop of Eger, Hungary.
-Pietro Foscari, title of S. Nicola fra le Immagini.
-Giovanni d'Aragona, title of S. Sabina.
-Raffaele Sansoni Riario, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso.
-Domenico della Rovere, title of S. Clemente, archbishop of Turin.
-Giovanni Conti, title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, archbishop of Conza.
-Juan Margarit i Pau, title of S. Vitale, bishop of Gerona, Spain.
-Giovanni Giacomo Schiaffinati, title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, bishop of Parma.
-Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, deacon of S. Eustachio, bishop of Siena.
-Giovanni Battista Savelli, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.
-Giovanni Colonna, deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro.
-Giovanni Battista Orsini, deacon of S. Maria Nuova.
-Ascanio Maria Sforza, deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Lluís Joan del Milà, title of Ss. IV Coronati, bishop of Lérida, Spain.
-Thomas Bourchier, title of S. Ciriaco, archbishop of Canterbury, England.
-Jean Balue, bishop of Albano, bishop of Angers, France.
-Pedro González de Mendoza, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, archbishop of Toledo, titular Latin patriarch of Alexandria and administrator of Sigùenza, Spain.
-Charles I de Bourbon, title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, archbishop of Lyon, France.
-Pierre de Foix, le jeune, deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, bishop of Vannes, France.
-Paolo Fregoso, title of S. Anastasia, archbishop of Genoa.

Conclave of August 6 - 11, 1492
(Alexander VI)
Pope Innocent VIII died on July 25, 1492. Cardinal Rodrigo de Borja y Borja was elected on August 11, 1492 and took the name Alexander VI. At the time of the death of Pope Innocent VIII there were twenty-seven living cardinals. Twenty-three cardinals participated in the conclave and four were absent.

-Rodrigo de Borja y Borja, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, administrator of Valencia, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. (Elected Pope Alexander VI)
-Giuliano della Rovere, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, bishop of Bologna, administrator of Avignon.
-Oliviero Carafa, bishop of Sabina, title of S. Eusebio in commendam, administrator of Salamanca.
-Giovanni Battista Zeno, bishop of Frascati.
-Giovanni Michiel, bishop of Palestrina, deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria in commendam.
-Jorge da Costa, bishop of Albano, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina in commendam, archbishop of Lisbon, Portugal.
-Girolamo Basso della Rovere, title of S. Crisogono, bishop of Recanati e Macerata.
-Raffaele Sansoni Riario, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso.
-Domenico della Rovere, title of S. Clemente, archbishop of Turin.
-Paolo Fregoso, title of S. Sisto, archbishop of Genoa.
-Giovanni de' Conti, title of S. Vitale.
-Giovanni Giacomo Schiaffinati, title of S. Cecilia, bishop of Parma.
-Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, deacon of S. Eustachio, bishop of Siena.
-Giovanni Battista Savelli, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.
-Giovanni Colonna, deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro.
-Giovanni Battista Orsini, deacon of S. Maria Nuova.
-Ascanio Maria Sforza Visconti, deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto.
-Lorenzo Cibo de' Mari, title of S. Marco, archbishop of Benevento.
-Ardicino della Porta, iuniore, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, bishop of Aleria, Corsica.
-Antoniotto Gentile Pallavicini, title of S. Anastasia, bishop of Orense, Spain.
-Maffeo Gherardo, O.S.B.Cam., title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, patriarch of Venice.
-Giovanni de' Medici, deacon of S. Maria in Domnica.
-Federico di Sanseverino, deacon of S. Teodoro.

The following cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
-Lluís Joan del Milà, title of Ss. IV Coronati, bishop of Lérida, Spain.
-Pedro González de Mendoza, title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, archbishop of Toledo, Spain.
-André d'Espinay, title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, archbishop of Bordeaux, and Lyon, France.
-Pierre d'Aubusson, O.S.Io.Hieros., deacon of S. Adriano.