The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Consistories for the creation of Cardinals
14th Century (1303-1404)

Benedict XI (1303-1304) Clement V (1305-1314) John XXII (1316-1334) [Antipope] Nicholas V (1328-1333) Benedict XII (1334-1342)
Clement VI (1342-1352) Innocent VI (1352-1362) Urban V (1362-1370) Gregory XI (1370-1378)
Urban VI (1378-1389) [Antipope] Clement VII (1378-1394) Boniface IX (1389-1404)
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Benedict XI (1303-1304)

December 18, 1303 (I)
(1) 1. Niccolò Alberti, O.P., bishop of Spoleto. + April 1 (or 27), 1321.

Note. In this consistory, Pope Benedict XI created cardinal William of Macclesfield, O.P., prior of the English province of his order, before the news of his death reached the papal curia. + probably during the summer of 1303.

February 19, 1304 (II)
(3) 1. Walter Winterburn, O.P. + September 24, 1305.

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Clement V (1305-1314)

December 15, 1305 (I)
(1) 1. Pierre de la Chapelle Taillefert, bishop of Toulouse, France. + May 16, 1312.
(2) 2. Bérenger de Frédol, seniore, bishop of Béziers, France. + June 11, 1323.
(3) 3. Arnaud de Canteloup, archbishop elect of Bordeaux, France. + December 14, 1313.
(4) 4. Pierre Arnaud de Puyanne, O.S.B., abbot of the monastery of Sainte-Croix of Bordeaux, France. + September 4, 1306.
(5) 5. Thomas of Jorz, O.P., confessor of King Edward I of England. + December 13, 1310.
(6) 6. Nicolas de Fréauville, O.P. + January 15 (or February 14), 1323.
(7) 7. Étienne de Suisy, archdeacon of Bruges, diocese of Tournai. + December 10, 1311.
(8) 8. Arnaud de Pellegrue, archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Chartres, France. + August 1331.
(9) 9. Raymond de Got. + June 26, 1310.
(10) 10. Guillaume Arrufat des Forges. + February 24, 1311.

December 19, 1310 (II)
(11) 1. Arnaud de Falguières, bishop of Arles, France. + September 12, 1317.
(12) 2. Bertrand des Bordes, bishop of Albi, France. + September 12, 1311.
(13) 3. Arnaud Nouvel, O.Cist., abbot of Fontfroide, Narbonne, France, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. + August 14, 1317.
(14) 4. Raymond Guillaume des Forges, treasurer of the cathedral chapter of Beauvais, France. + October 5, 1346.
(15) 5. Bernard de Garves, archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Coutances, France. + 1328.

December 23, 1312 (III)
(16) 1. Guillaume de Mandagout, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, archbishop of Aix, France. + November 3, 1321.
(17) 2. Arnaud d'Aux, bishop of Poitiers, France. + August 14 (ro 24), 1320.
(18) 3. Jacques d'Euse, bishop of Avignon, France. (1)
(19) 4. Bérenguer de Frédol, iuniore, bishop of Béziers, France. + November 1323.
(20) 5. Michel du Bec-Crespin, dean of the church of Saint-Quentin in Normandy and archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Paris, France. + August 30, 1318.
(21) 6. Guillaume Teste, archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Comminges, France. + Before September 25, 1326.
(22) 7. Guillaume Pierre Godin, O.P., master of the Sacred Palace. + June 4, 1336.
(23) 8. Vital du Four, O.F.M., provincial of his order in Aquitaine, France. + August 16, 1327.
(24) 9. Raymond, O.S.B., abbot of Saint-Sever, diocese of Aire, France. + July 19, 1317.

(1) Elected Pope John XXII on August 7, 1316. Died on December 4, 1334.

Note 1. Pope Clement V, at the request of King Philippe IV le Bel of France, offered the cardinalate in 1312 to Guy d'Avesnes, bishop of Utrecht, but he declined the promotion.

Note 2. Alfonso Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 387-388, indicates that Pope Clemnt V also created cardinals Bertrand de Cardaillac, named bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina; Sévérin, O. de M.; Claude de Portacoeli, O. de M.; and Gabriello Capilistio, jurisconsult of Padua. Chacón adds that the date of their promotion is uncertain although he gives dates for two of them. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIVè siècle jusqu'au Grand Schisme". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1930. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1930, p. 142, says that they all should be eliminated from the list of cardinals; "Essai", on that same page, indicates that Chacón says that Arnaud, archbishop of Aix (?), was created cardinal bishop of Albano in 1312; but this promotion is not mentioned by Chacón; "Essai" says that he is confused by Chacón with Cardinal Arnaud d'Aux, bishop of Poitiers, and adds that he should be eliminated from the list of cardinals.

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John XXII (1316-1334)

December 17, 1316 (I)
(1) 1. Bernard de Castanet, bishop of Le Puy, France. + August 14, 1317.
(2) 2. Jacques de Via, archbishop of Avignon, France. + June 13, 1317.
(3) 3. Gauscelin de Jean, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. + August 3, 1348.
(4) 4. Bertrand du Pouget, papal chaplain. + February 3, 1352.
(5) 5. Pierre d'Arrabloy, chancellor of the king of France. + March 1331.
(6) 6. Bertrand de Montfavez, protonotary apostolic. + December 1, 1342.
(7) 7. Gaillard de la Mothe, canon of the cathedral chapter of Narbonne. + December 20, 1356.
(8) 8. Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, protonotary apostolic. + August 27, 1335.

June 20, 1317 (II)
(9) 1. Arnaud de Via, protonotary apostolic. + November 24, 1335.

December 20, 1320 (III)
(10) 1. Regnaud de la Porte, archbishop of Bourges, France. + July or August 1325.
(11) 2. Bertrand de la Tour, O.F.M., archbishop of Salerno. + End of 1332 or beginning of 1333.
(12) 3. Pierre des Près, archbishop of Aix, France. + September 30, 1361.
(13) 4. Simon d'Archiac, archbishop elect of Vienne, France. + May 14, 1323.
(14) 5. Pilfort de Rabastens, O.S.B., bishop of Rieux, France. + c. 1330 or 1331.
(15) 6. Pierre Le Tessier, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. + Between April 1 and 7, 1325.
(16) 7. Raymond Le Roux, protonotary apostolic. + November 1325.

December 18, 1327 (IV)
(17) 1. Jean-Raymond de Comminges, archbishop of Toulouse, France. + November 20, 1344 (or 1348).
(18) 2. Annibaldo di Ceccano, archbishop of Naples. + July 17 (or in August) 1350.
(19) 3. Jacques Fournier, O.Cist., bishop of Mirapoix, France. (1)
(20) 4. Raymond de Mostuéjouls, bishop of Saint-Papoul, France. + November 12, 1337.
(21) 5. Pierre de Mortemart, bishop of Auxerre, France. + April 14, 1335.
(22) 6. Pierre des Chappes, bishop of Chartres, France. + March 24, 1336.
(23) 7. Matteo Orsini, O.P., archbishop of Manfedonia. + August 18, 1340.
(24) 8. Pedro Gómez Barroso, el viejo, bishop of Cartagena, Spain. + July 14, 1348.
(25) 9. Imbert Dupuis, protonotary apostolic. + May 26, 1348.
(26) 10. Giovanni Colonna, archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome. + July 3, 1348.

(1) Elected Pope Benedict XII on December 16, 1334. Died on April 25, 1342.

May 25, 1331 (V)
(27) 1. Élie Talleyrand de Périgord, bishop of Auxerre, France. + January 17, 1364.

December 20, 1331 (VI)
(28) 1. Pierre Bertrand, seniore, bishop of Autun, France. + June 23, 1348.

Note. Several authors indicate that Pope John XXII also elevated to the cardinalate the following prelates and ecclesiastics: Guillaume de Trie, archbishop of Rouen, France; Pierre-Bernard Auriol, O.F.M., archbishop of Aix, France; Jean Plessis-Pasté, bishop of Chartres, France; Ramón Albert, O. de M., master general of his order; Pierre de Prelati; Michel Ebrard de Saint-Sulpice; Girolamo Pasquali; Jean Galvan, bishop of Arras, France; and Raimond d'Avinyò, bishop of Lérida.

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[Antipope] Nicholas V (1328-1333)

May 15, 1328 (I)
(1) 1. Giacomo Alberti, bishop of Castello. + After 1335.
(2) 2. Franz Hermann, abbot of Fulda (?). + Before September 2, 1328.
(3) 3. Bonifazio Donoratico, O.P., bishop of Chiron, Crete. + 1333.
(4) 4. Nicola Fabriani, O.E.S.A., provincial of his order and inquisitor. + ?.
(5) 5. Pietro Oringa. + ?.
(6) 6. Giovanni Arlotti, canon of St. Peter's basilica, Rome. + ?.

September 1328 (II)
(7) 1. Paolo da Viterbo, O.F.M. + ?

January 19 (or 20), 1329 (III)
(8) 1. Giovanni Visconti, canon of the metropolitan cathedral chapter of Milan and abbot of S. Ambrogio, Milan. + October 5, 1354.

Ca. 1329 (IV)
(9) 1. Pandolfo Capocci, pseudobishop of Viterbo. + 1354.

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Benedict XII (1334-1342)

December 18, 1338 (I)
(1) 1. Gozzio Battaglia, titular patriarch of Constantinople. + June 10, 1348.
(2) 2. Bertrand de Déaulx, archbishop of Embrun, France. + October 21, 1355.
(3) 3. Pierre Roger, O.S.B., archbishop of Rouen, France. (1)
(4) 4. Guillaume Court, O.Cist., bishop of Albi, France. + June 12, 1361.
(5) 5. Bernard d'Albi, bishop of Rodez, France. + November 23, 1350.
(6) 6. Raymond de Montfort, O. de M. + Before January 19, 1339.

(1) Elected Pope Clement VI on May 7, 1342. Died on December 6, 1352.

January 1339 (II)
(7) 1. Guillaume d'Aure, O.S.B., abbot of the monastery of Montolieu. + December 3, 1353.

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Clement VI (1342-1352)

September 20, 1342 (I)
(1) 1. Élie de Nabinal, O.F.M., titular patriarch of Jerusalem. + January 13, 1348.
(2) 2. Guy de Boulogne, archbishop of Lyon, France. + November 25, 1373.
(3) 3. Aymeric de Chalus, bishop of Chartres, France. + October 31, 1349 (or 1348).
(4) 4. Andrea Ghini Malpighi, bishop of Tournai, France. + June 3, 1343.
(5) 5. Étienne Aubert, bishop of Clermont, France. (1)
(6) 6. Hugues Roger, O.S.B., bishop elect of Tulle, France. + October 21, 1363.
(7) 7. Adhémar Robert, notary apostolic. + December 1, 1352.
(8) 8. Gérard de la Garde, O.P., master general of his order. + September 27, 1343.
(9) 9. Pierre Cyriac. + 1351.
(10) 10. Bernard de la Tour, canon of the cathedral chapter of Lyon. + August 7, 1361.
(11) 11. Guillaume de la Jugié, canon and archdeacon of Paris. + April 28, 1374.

(1) Elected Pope Innocent VI on December 18, 1352. Died on September 12, 1362.

May 19, 1344 (II)
(12) 1. Pierre Bertrand, iuniore, bishop of Arras, France. + July 13, 1361.
(13) 2. Nicolas de Besse, bishop of Limoges, France. + November 5, 1369.

May 29 (or 28), 1348 (III)
(14) 1. Pierre Roger de Beaufort, notary apostolic. (1)
(15) 2. Dominic Serra, O. de M., master general of his order. + July 9, 1348.

(1) Elected Pope Gregory XI on December 30, 1370. Died on March 27, 1378.

Note. According to Du Chesne, Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois, I, 519-520, Guillaume Montholon was created cardinal priest in this consistory; no other source mentions him at all.

December 17, 1350 (IV)
(16) 1. Gil Álvarez de Albornoz, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, archbishop of Toledo, Spain. + August 23, 1367.
(17) 2. Pasteur de Sarrats, O.F.M., archbishop of Embrun, France. + October 11, 1356.
(18) 3. Raymond de Canilhac, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, archbishop of Tolouse, France. + June 20, 1373.
(19) 4. Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, seniore, archbishop of Zaragoza, Spain. + October 4, 1369.
(20) 5. Nicola Capocci, bishop of Urgel, Spain. + July 26, 1368.
(21) 6. Pectin de Montesquieu, bishop of Albi, France. + Frebruary 1, 1355.
(22) 7. Arnaud de Villemur, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, bishop of Pamiers, France. + October 28, 1355.
(23) 8. Pierre de Cros, bishop of Auxerre, France. + September 23, 1361.
(24) 9. Gilles Rigaud, O.S.B., abbot of the monastery of Saint-Denis in France. + September 10, 1353.
(25) 10. Jean de Moulins, O.P., master general of his order. + February 23, 1353.
(26) 11. Rinaldo Orsini, notary apostolic. + June 6, 1374.
(27) 12. Jean de Caraman, nephew of Pope John XXII, notary apostolic. + August 1, 1361.

Note. Alfonso Chacón. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, cols. 518-519, lists, among the cardinals created in this consistory, Matthäus an der Gassen, bishop of Brixen, Tyrol who did not accept the promotion and died on October 27, 1363; and Étienne de la Garde, archbishop of Arles, France, who died on May 19, 1361; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931, p. 153, says that he is not mentioned as a cardinal by any other source; that he should not be included among the prelates promoted to the cardinalate in this pontificate; and that he is mistaken with Gérard de la Garde, cardinal priest of S. Sabina, created in the consistory of September 20, 1342.

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Innocent VI (1352-1362)

February 15, 1353 (I)
(1) 1. Andouin Aubert, bishop of Maguelonne, France. + May 10, 1363.

December 23, 1356 (II)
(2) 1. Élie de Saint-Yrieix, O.S.B., bishop of Uzès, France. + May 10, 1367.
(3) 2. Francesco degli Atti, bishop of Florence. + August 25 (or September 4), 1361.
(4) 3. Pierre de Monteruc, bishop elect of Pamplona, Spain. + May 20, 1385.
(5) 4. Guillaume Farinier, O.F.M., minister general of his order. June 17, 1361.
(6) 5. Nicolás Rossell, O.P., provincial prior and inquisitor in the province of Aragón, Spain. + March 28, 1362.
(7) 6. Pierre de la Forêt, archbishop of Rouen, France. + June 7, 1361.

September 17, 1361 (III)
(8) 1. Fontanier de Vassal, O.F.M., patriarch of Grado. + October 1361.
(9) 2. Pierre Itier, bishop of Dax, France. + May 20, 1367.
(10) 3. Jean de Blauzac, bishop of Nîmes, France. + July 6, 1379.
(11) 4. Gilles Aycelin de Montaigu, bishop of Thérouanne, chancellor of France. + December 5, 1378.
(12) 5. Androin de la Roche, O.S.B., abbot of Cluny. + October 29, 1369.
(13) 6. Étienne Aubert, iuniore, bishop elect of Carcassonne, France. + September 29, 1369.
(14) 7. Guillaume Bragose, bishop elect of Vabres, France. + Before November 8, 1367.
(15) 8. Hugues de Saint-Martial, provost of Douai, France. + 1403.

Note 1. Alfonso Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 544, lists, among the cardinals created in this promotion, Juan Lasso, O. de M. He died in Avignon in 1366. Other sources doubt that he was ever promoted to the cardinalate.

Note 2. Pius Bonifatius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae (3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957), p. 201, indicates that John Thoresby, archbishop of York, England, was created cardinal by Pope Innocent VI. None of the other sources include him among the cardinals created in that pontificate.

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Urban V (1362-1370)

Note. Pius Bonifatius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae, (3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957), pp. 528 and 792, says that Orso Delfino, patriarch of Grado; and Jean Fabri, bishop of Carcassonne, were created cardinals in 1362; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du XIVe siécle jusqu'au Grand Schisme". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1930, p. 158-159, indicates that it does not believe they were ever promoted and should not be included in the list of cardinals of that pontificate. This source adds that Gams probably confused Fabri with Jean Lefèvre, created cardinal by Pope Gregory XI in 1371.

September 18, 1366 (I)
(1) 1. Anglic de Grimoard, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, bishop of Avignon, France. + April 13 (or 16), 1388.
(2) 2. Guillaume de la Sudré, O.P., bishop of Marseille, France. + April 18, 1373.
(3) 3. Marco da Viterbo, O.F.M., minister general of his order. + September 4, 1369.

Note. According to Alfonso Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, 564-565, Pietro Tornaquinci, probably auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, was created cardinal in this consistory. He died in 1383. Several other sources are doubtful of his promotion.

May 12, 1367 (II)
(4) 1. Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, iuniore, O.S.B.Clun., dean of the cathedral chapter of Clermont, France, and protonotary apostolic. + January 13, 1401.

September 22, 1368 (III)
(5) 1. Arnaud Bernard du Pouget, titular Latin patriarch of Alexandria and apostolic administrator of Montauban. + September 1368.
(6) 2. Philippe de Cabassole, patriarch of Jerusalem. + August 27, 1372.
(7) 3. Simon Langham, O.S.B., archbishop of Canterbury, England. + July 22, 1376.
(8) 4. Bernard du Bosquet, archbishop of Naples. + April 19, 1371.
(9) 5. Jean de Dormans, bishop of Beauvais, France, chancellor of the Kingdom of France. + November 7, 1373.
(10) 6. Étienne de Poissy, bishop of Paris, France. + October 17, 1373.
(11) 7. Pierre de Banac, bishop of Castres, France. + October 7, 1369.
(12) 8. Francesco Tebaldeschi, prior of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome. + September 6 to 7, 1378.

June 7, 1370 (IV)
(13) 1. Pierre d'Estaing, O.S.B., archbishop of Bourges, France. + November 25, 1377.
(14) 2. Pietro Corsini, bishop of Florence. + August 16, 1405.

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Gregory XI (1370-1378)

May 30, 1371 (I)
(1) 1. Pedro Gómez Barroso, el joven, archbishop of Sevilla, Spain. + June 2 (or 3), 1374.
(2) 2. Jean de Cros, bishop of Limoges, France. + November 21, 1383.
(3) 3. Bertrand de Cosnac, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, bishop of Commminges, France. + June 17, 1374.
(4) 4. Bertrand Lagier, O.F.M., bishop of Glandèves, France. + November 8, 1392.
(5) 5. Robert de Genève, bishop of Cambrai, France. (1)
(6) 6. Guillaume de Chanac, O.S.B., bishop of Mende, France. + December 30, 1383.
(7) 7. Jean Lefèvre, bishop of Tulle, France. + March 6, 1372.
(8) 8. Jean de la Tour, O.S.B.Clun., abbot of the monastery of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire. + April 15, 1374.
(9) 9. Giacomo Orsini, protonotary apostolic. + August 13, 1379.
(10) 10. Pierre Flandrin, referendary of His Holiness. + January 23, 1381.
(11) 11. Guillaume Noellet, referendary of His Holiness. + July 4, 1394.
(12) 12. Pierre de Vergne, archdeacon of the metropolitan cathedral chapter of Rouen, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + October 6, 1403.

(1) Elected Antipope Clement VII on September 20, 1378. Died September 16, 1394.

December 20, 1375 (II)
(13) 1. Pierre de la Jugié, O.S.B.Clun., archbishop of Rouen, France. + November 2 (or 19, or 21), 1376.
(14) 2. Simone Brossano, archbishop of Milan. + August 27, 1381.
(15) 3. Hughes de Montrelais, le jeune, bishop of Saint Brieuc, France. + February 29, 1384.
(16) 4. Jean de Bussière, O.Cist., abbot of Cîteaux, France. + September 4, 1376.
(17) 5. Guy de Malsec, bishop of Poitiers, France. + March 8, 1412.
(18) 6. Jean de la Grange, O.S.B., bishop of Amiens, France. + April 24, 1402.
(19) 7. Pierre de Sortenac, August 17, 1390.
(20) 8. GĂ©rard du Puy, O.S.B.Clun., abbot of Marmoutier, archdiocese of Tours, France. + February 14, 1389.
(21) 9. Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor, provost of Valencia, Spain. (1)

(1) Elected Antipope Benedict XIII on September 28, 1394. Deposed on June 5, 1409, by the Council of Pisa; and on July 26, 1417, by the Council of Constance; he did not accept either deposition. He died on November 29, 1422 or May 23, 1423.

Note. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931 (Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931), pp. 162; Alfonso Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 611-614; and Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi (Volumen I (1198-1431),. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960), p. 22, indicate that Pietro Tartari, O.S.B., 82nd abbot of Monte Cassino; and Yves de Begaignon, O.P., bishop of Tréguier, France, may have been created cardinals by Pope Gregory XI.

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Note. The legitimacy of the popes of the different obediences during the Western Schism was not a clear cut matter for their contemporaries. It was even less so for the cardinals created by them. The documents of the time do not use the terms antipope and pseudocardinal or anticardinal. In the case of the cardinals, it was said that they belonged to this or that obedience but they were not referred to as pseudocardinal. In the conclave of 1417, all the cardinals who participated, regardless of which pope had created them, were called simply cardinals. It was so also in the documents emanating from Pope Martin V. The use of "anti" and "pseudo" did not start until the 18th century. Until 1904, "Annuario Pontificio" listed Alexander V and John XXIII as popes. When Cardinal Rodrigo de Borja y Borja was elected pope in 1491, he chose the name Alexander VI although Alexander V had been elected in the Council of Pisa and therefore was not of the "Roman obedience". For simplicity and, hopefully, clarity, this site uses the terms "antipope" and "pseudocardinal" to refer to those popes who were not of the Roman obedience and to the cardinals created by them. This is how some modern Roman Catholic historians call them.

Urban VI (1378-1389)
(Rome obedience)

September 18, 1378 (I)
(1) 1. Tommaso da Frignano, O.F.M., patriarch of Grado. + November 19, 1381.
(2) 2. Pietro Pileo di Prata, archbishop of Ravenna. + c. 1400.
(3) 3. Francesco Moricotti Prignani, archbishop of Pisa. + February 6, 1394.
(4) 4. Luca Rodolfucci de Gentili, bishop of Nocera Umbra. + January 18, 1389.
(5) 5. Andrea Bontempi Martini, bishop of Perugia. + July 16, 1390.
(6) 6. Bonaventura Badoaro de Peraga, O.E.S.A., prior general of his order. + 1389. (1)
(7) 7. Niccolò Caracciolo Moschino, O.P., inquisitor of the Kingdom of Sicily. + July 29, 1389.
(8) 8. Filippo Carafa, archdeacon of Bologna. + May 22, 1389.
(9) 9. Galeotto Tarlati de Petramala. + Between 1397 and 1400.
(10) 10. Giovanni d'Amelia, archbishop of Corfu. + December 1385 or January 11, 1386.
(11) 11. Filippo Ruffini, O.P., bishop of Tivoli. + Before May 22, 1386.
(12) 12. Poncello Orsini, bishop of Aversa. + February 2 (or 11), 1395.
(13) 13. Bartolomeo Mezzavacca, bishop of Rieti. + July 29, 1396.
(14) 14. Renoul de Monteruc, bishop of Sisteron, regent of the apostolic chancery. + August 15, 1382.
(15) 15. Gentile di Sangro. + December 1385 or January 11, 1386.
(16) 16. Philippe d'Alençon de Valois, patriarch of Jerusalem. + August 16, 1397.
(17) 17. Jan Očko z Vlašim, archbishop of Prague, Bohemia. + January 14, 1380.
(18) 18. Guglielmo Sanseverino, archbishop of Salerno. + Before November 24, 1378.
(19) 19. Eleazario da Sabran, bishop of Chieti, penitentiary major. + August 25, 1380.
(20) 20. Dömötör, archbishop of Esztergom (Gran), Hungary. + 1386.
(21) 21. Agapito Colonna, bishop of Lisbon, Portugal. + October 3 (or 11), 1380.
(22) 22. Ludovico di Capua. + ca. 1380.
(23) 23. Stefano Colonna, protonotay apostolic, provost of Saint-Omer, diocese of Terouane, France. + 1378 (or 1379).
(24) 24. Giovanni Fieschi, bishop of Vercelli. + Before December 1384.

(1) The Augustinian martyrology venerates him as a blessed.

Note. Bishop William Courtenay of London, England, was offered the promotion to the cardinalate but declined.

December 21, 1381 (II)
(25) 1. Adam Easton, O.S.B. + August 15, 1398.
(26) 2. Ludovico Donato, O.F.M., minister general of his order. + December 1385 or January 11, 1386.
(27) 3. Bartolomeo da Cogorno, O.F.M. + December 1385 or January 11, 1386.
(28) 4. Francesco Renzio. + September 26 (or 27), 1390.
(29) 5. Landolfo Maramaldo, archbishop elect of Bari. + October 16, 1415.
(30) 6. Pietro Tomacelli, protonotary apostolic (1).

(1) Elected Pope Boniface IX on November 2, 1389. Died on October 1, 1404.

Promotions toward 1383 (III-V)
(31) 1. Marino Giudice, archbishop of Tarento. + December 1385 or January 11, 1386.
(32) 2. Tommaso Orsini, protonotary apostolic. + July 10, 1390.
(33) 3. Gugilemo di Capua, archbishop of Salerno. + July 23, 1389.

December 17, 1384 (VI)
(34) 1. Bálint Alsáni, bishop of Pécs, Hungary. + November 19, 1408.
(35) 2. Angelo Acciaioli, bishop of Florence. + May 31, 1408.
(36) 3. Francesco Carbone, O.Cist., bishop of Monopoli. + June 18, 1405.
(37) 4. Marino Bulcani, protonotary apostolic, subdeacon of His Holiness. + August 8, 1394.
(38) 5. Rinaldo Brancaccio, acolyte of His Holiness. + October 1427.
(39) 6. Francesco Castagnola, protonotary apostolic. + November 15, 1385.
(40) 7. Ludovico Fieschi, bishop elect of Vercelli. + April 3, 1423.
(41) 8. Stefano Palosio, bishop of Todi. + April 24, 1396.
(42) 9. Angelo d'Anna de Sommariva, O.S.B.Cam. + July 21, 1428.

Note 1. According to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. VI. Les cardinaux du Grand Schisme (1378-1417)". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931 (Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1931), pp. 135-136; and Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi (Volumen I (1198-1431),. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960), p. 24, Pope Urban VI offered the cardinalate, either in 1381 or in the consistory of December 17, 1384, to Friedrich von Saarwerden, archbishop of Cologne; Adolf von Nassau, archbishop of Mainz; Kuno von Falkenstein, archbishop of Trier; Arnold von Hoorn, O.F.M., bishop of Liège; Wenzel von Liegnitz, bishop of Breslau; and Pietro Orsini-Rosenberg, priest of the diocese of Prague, but they declined the promotion. Moreover, "Essai", p. 136-137; and Eubel, I, 25, indicate that the following may have been also created cardinals by Pope Urban VI but that it is not known with certainty if the promotions took place: Giovanni Stefaneschi, protonotary apostolic; Pedro Rodríguez, O. de M., bishop of Plasencia; Juan, bishop of Urgel; "N", bishop of Edena or Edessa; Stefano Sanseverino, protonotary apostolic; Giovanni di Piccolbassi, bishop of Ostia; Giulio Cossa, Roman noble; Raimondello Orsini, Roman noble; Giovanni Carbone, protonotary apostolic; and Thomas, O.P., English, doctor in theology. Also mentioned in "Essai", p. 136, are Pierre-Raymond de Barrière, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine; Nicolas de Saint Saturnin, O.P.; Leonardo Rossi da Giffoni, O.F.M.; and Gautier Gómez de Luna, to whom Pope Urban VI offered the cardinalate but they accepted the promotion from Antipope Clement VII.

Note 2. Alfonso Chacón. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, col. 666, mentions the names of two more cardinals cited by Felice Contelori, Elenchvs eminentiss.m & reuerendis.m S.R.E. cardinalivm ab anno 1294. ad annum 1430; ex bibliotheca eminentiss. & reverendiss. principis D.D. card. Barberini ... Vita Martini qvinti (Romae, apud Andream Phaeum, 1641), giving only their names, titular churches and indicating that they took part in the election of Antipope Clement VII. They were Franciscus, cardinal priest of S. Sabina; and Bertrandus, cardinal priest of S. Cecilia.

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[Antipope] Clement VII (1378-1394)
(Avignon obedience)

December 18, 1378 (I)
(1) 1. Giacomo d'Itri, titular patriarch of Constantinople. + March 30, 1393.
(2) 2. Niccolò Brancaccio, archbishop of Cosenza. + June 29, 1412.
(3) 3. Pierre Amiel de Sarcenas, O.S.B., archbishop of Embrun, France. + August 10, 1389.
(4) 4. Pierre-Raymond de Barrière, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, bishop of Autun, France. + June 13, 1383.
(5) 5. Nicolas de Saint Saturnin, O.P., master of the Sacred Palace. + January 23, 1382.
(6) 6. Leonardo Rossi da Giffoni, O.F.M., 24th minister general of his order. + Shortly before March 17, 1407.

March 19, 1381 (II)
(7) 7. Gautier Gómez de Luna, bishop of Plasencia, Spain. + January 13, 1391.

May 30, 1382 (III)
(8) 8. Tommaso Clausse, O.P., inquisitor of the faith, confessor of Duke Amedeo di Savoia. + June 17, 1390.

December 23, 1383 (IV)
(9) 1. Pierre de Cros, O.S.B., archbishop of Toulouse, France. + November 16, 1388.
(10) 2. Faydit d'Aigrefeuille, O.S.B., bishop of Avignon, France. + October 2, 1391.
(11) 3. Aymeric de Magnac, bishop of Paris, France. + March 21, 1385.
(12) 4. Jacques de Menthonay, chaplain of Antipope Clement VII. + May 1 (or 16), 1391.
(13) 5. Amedeo di Saluzzo, bishop of Valence and Die. + June 28, 1419.
(14) 6. Pierre Aycelin de Montaigut, O.S.B., bishop of Laon, France. + Probably poisoned on November 8, 1388.
(15) 7. Walter Wardlaw, bishop of Glasgow, Scotland. + December 23, 1387.
(16) 8. Jean de Neufchatel, bishop of Toul, France. + October 4, 1398.
(17) 9. Pierre de Fetigny, protonotary apostolic. + November 5, 1392.

Note. Bishop Martinho de Zamora of Lisbon, Portugal, was assassinated in an insurrection on December 6, 1383, seventeen days before his promotion; the news of his death had not reached Avignon at the time of the consistory of December 23, 1383.

April 15, 1384 (IV)
(19) 1. Pierre de Luxembourg, bishop of Metz, France. + July 2, 1387 (1).

(1) Beatified by Pope Clement VII on March 24 (or April 9), 1527.

July 12, 1385 (V)
(20) 1. Bertrand de Chanac, titular Latin patriarch of Jerusalem. + May 21, 1401.
(21) 2. Tommaso Ammannati, archbishop of Naples. + December 6, 1396.
(22) 3. Giovanni Piacentini, bishop of Castello. + May 9, 1404.
(23) 4. Amaury de Lautrec, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, bishop of Comminges, France. + June 7, 1390.
(24) 5. Jean de Murol, bishop of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, France. + February 10, 1399.
(25) 6. Jean Rolland, bishop of Amiens, France. + December 17, 1388.
(26) 7. Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Viviers, France. + February 16, 1426.
(27) 8. Pierre de Thury, bishop of Maillezais, France. + Towards December 9, 1410.

January 1387 (VI)
(28) 1. Jaime de Aragón, bishop of Valencia. + May 30, 1396.

November 3, 1389 (VII)
(29) 1. Jean de Talaru, archbishop of Lyon, France. + October 8, 1392.

July 21, 1390 (VIII)
(30) 1. Martín de Zalba, bishop of Pamplona, Spain. + October 27 (or 28), 1403.

October 17, 1390 (IX)
(31) 1. Jean Flandrin, archbishop of Auch, France. + July 8, 1415.
(32) 2. Pierre Girard, bishop of Puy, France. + November, 1415.

April 17, 1391 (X)
(33) 1. Guillaume de Vergy, archbishop of Besançon, France. + 1407.

January 23, 1394 (XI)
(34) 1. Pedro Fernández de Frías, bishop of Osma, Spain. + September 19, 1420.

Note. Alfonso Chacón. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, II, cols. 689-690, lists Louis I de Gorrevod, bishop of St.-Jean de Maurienne, France; and Jean de Rochechouart, archbishop of Arles, France, as pseudocardinals created in 1394. Both Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1931, pp. 153-154, and Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 29, doubt that they were ever promoted. Moreover, Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae, adds another four cardinals without indicating the date of their creation: Guillaume de Gimiel, archdeacon of Billom, diocese of Clermont, France; Edoardo di Savoia, O.S.B., archbishop of Tarentaise; Guillaume d'Espagne, bishop of Comminges, France; and Gilles Aycelin de Bellèmer, bishop of Avignon, France. Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1931, p. 154, says that they all should be eliminated from the list of prelates promoted by Antipope Clement VII. There is another pseudocardinal, Raimond Ithier, who is only mentioned by François Du Chesne, Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, I, 675-676; and II, 500. He died on July 16, 1385 and never received a title.

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Boniface IX (1389-1404)
(Rome obedience)

December 18, 1389 (I)
(1) 1. Enrico Minutoli, archbishop of Naples. + Before June 17, 1412.
(2) 2. Bartolomeo Oleario, O.F.M., bishop of Florence. + April 16, 1396.
(3) 3. Cosmato Gentile de' Migliorati, bishop of Bologna, vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. (1)
(4) 4. Cristoforo Maroni, bishop of Isernia e Venafro. + December 4, 1404.

(1) Elected Pope Innocent VII on October 17, 1404. Died on November 6, 1406.

February 27, 1402 (II)
(5) 1. Antonio Caetani, patriarch of Aquileia. + January 11, 1412.
(6) 2. Baldassare Cossa, protonotary apostolic, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. (1)
(7) 3. Leonardo Cibo, Genoese lawyer. + Before October 1404.
(8) 4. Angelo Cibo. + Before October 1404.

(1) Elected Antipope John XXIII on May 17, 1410. Deposed by the Council of Constance on May 29, 1415. Made his submission to Pope Martin V, who absolved him and named him cardinal bishop of Frascati on June 23, 1419. Died on December 22, 1419.

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SUMMARY
Benedict XI (1303-1304) - 3 cardinals
Clement V (1305-1314) - 24 cardinals
John XXII (1316-1334) - 28 cardinals
[Antipope] Nicholas V (1328-1333) - 9 pseudocardinals
Benedict XII (1334-1342) - 7 cardinals
Clement VI (1342-1352) - 27 cardinals
Innocent VI (1352-1362) - 15 cardinals
Urban V (1362-1370) - 14 cardinals
Gregory XI (1370-1378) - 21 cardinals
Urban VI (1378-1389) - 42 cardinals
[Antipope] Clement VII (1378-1394) - 34 pseudocardinals
Boniface IX (1389-1404) - 8 cardinals
Total: 189 cardinals and 43 pseudocardinals

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