• Forty six links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Popes Gelasius II (1118-1119) and Callistus II (1119-1124) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gelasius II (1118-1119) in a consistory celebrated in 1118 (II).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Gelasius II (1118-1119) in the consistory celebrated on March 10, 1118 (I).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1592 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) in a consistory celebrated in 1123 (VIII).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1591 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) in the consistory celebrated in December 1122 (VII).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of October 1590 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) in a consistory celebrated in 1121 (VI).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) in the consistory of December 1121 (V).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) in 1120 (IV).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of September 1590 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) in the consistory of December 1120 (III).

• On December 17, 2008, the Communications Department of the archdiocese of New York announced the following:
      HIS EMINENCE EDWARD CARDINAL EGAN APPOINTED BY POPE Benedict XVI TO CELEBRATE THE FUNERAL MASS FOR HIS EMINENCE AVERY CARDINAL DULLES
      At 10:00 tomorrow morning December 18, the body of His Eminence, Avery Cardinal Dulles will be received at Saint Patrick's Cathedral by His Eminence, Edward Cardinal Egan, Archbishop of New York. The body will be brought to the Lady Chapel of the Cathedral, where Cardinal Egan will conduct a service.
      At 2:00 in the afternoon Cardinal Egan will celebrate the funeral Mass and deliver the homily at the request of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI. Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Provincials, and Priests will concelebrate the Mass with Cardinal Egan.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1585 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) in the consistory of January 1120 (II).

• The Fordham University website indicated that "In accordance with the traditions of the Church, the Cardinal's death will be marked by the celebration of three Masses: Tuesday, December 16, at 7:30 p.m. in the University Church; Wednesday, December 17, at 7:30 p.m. in the University Church; Thursday, December 18, at 2 p.m., Mass of Christian burial, at St. Patrick's Cathedral. The members of the University family are invited to join the Jesuit Community at each of these Masses. In addition, the Cardinal's family will receive visitors in the University Church on Tuesday and Wednesday afternoons from 2 to 5 p.m."
  
  "The Cardinal is survived by the children of his eldest brother, John W. F. Dulles, and sister-in-law, Eleanor Dulles: John Foster Dulles II, Edith Dulles Lawlis, Ellen Coelho and Robert Avery Dulles; nieces Janet Hinshaw-Thomas and Lilly Holt, and nephews Foster Hinshaw and David Hinshaw; cousins Allen Jebsen, Joanna Jebsen Cook, Tina Afokpa, Per Jebsen, Dr. Mary Parke Manning, Thomas Manning, Diane Igleheart and Joan Talley; and by godson Andrew Curry. John W. F. Dulles, the Cardinal's brother, and John Dulles' wife of 68 years, Eleanor Ritter Dulles, both passed away at ages 95 and 91, respectively, in June 2008, in San Antonio, Texas." Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Cardinal Edward Michael Egan, archbishop of New York. The late cardinal will be buried in the Jesuit cemetery at Auriesville, New York, near the Shrine of the North American Martyrs.

• Cardinal Avery Dulles, S.J., deacon of SS. Nomi di Gesù e Maria in via Lata, died on December 12, 2008, at 6:30 a.m., in the infirmary of the Jesuit community in Fordham University, New York. He was 90 years old and had been in declining health for a long time due to complications from polio, which he suffered when he was young. Pope Benedict XVI visited him privately during the papal visit to the United States in April 2008. After his death, the members of the College of Cardinals are 191. The cardinal electors are 116; 86 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 75, of which 5 were created by Pope Paul VI, 63 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Callistus II (1119-1124) in 1119 (I).

• Thirty one links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Honorius II (1124-1130) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• On December 9, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation, presented for having reached the age limit, by Cardinal Francis Arinze from the post of prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Cardinal Antonio Cañizares Llovera, until then archbishop of Toledo, primate of Spain, was named to succeed him, and will head the archdiocese of Toledo until the appointment of a successor. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Honorius II (1124-1130) in 1129 (VI).

• On December 6, 2008, the Vatican Press of Office anunounced that the delegation of the Holy See to the funeral of His Holiness Alexis II, patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, who died on December 5, 2008, will be composed of Cardinals Walter Kasper, president of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity, and Roger Etchegaray, president emeritus of the Pontifical Councils Iustitia et Pax and Cor Unum; Archbishop Antonio Mennini, representative of the Holy See before the Russian Federation; Rev. Fr. Milan Žust, S.J., official of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity; and Msgr. Ante Jozić, secretary of the apostolic nunciature in Moscow. The funeral will take place on Tuesday December 9, 2008. The late patriarch will be buried, according to his will, in the cathedral of the Epiphany in Moscow. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Honorius II (1124-1130) in 1128 (V).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1572 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Honorius II (1124-1130) in 1127 (IV).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Honorius II (1124-1130) in 1126 (III).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1565-1566 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Honorius II (1124-1130) in 1125 (II).

• Cardinal Odilo Pedro Scherer, archbishop of São Paulo, Brazil, will be extraordinary papal envoy in special mission to the ceremony of the 30th anniversary of the Pontifical Mediation between Argentina and Chile for the dispute over the Channel of Beagle, which will take place in Monte Aymond, Argentina, on December 5, 2008. The mission accompanying the cardinal will be composed of Archbishop Adriano Bernardini and Archbishop Giuseppe Pinto, apostolic nuncios to Argentina and Chile respectively, and of the following representatives from the Argentinian and Chilean episcopate: Bishop Juan Carlos Romanin, S.D.B., of Rio Gallegos, and Bishop Francisco Javier Prado Aranguiz, SS.CC., emeritus of Rancagua. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Honorius II (1124-1130) in 1124 (I).

• Seventy seven links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1142 (XII).

• Cardinal Julián Herranz Casado, Opus Dei, president emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of the Legislative Texts, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 1750º anniversary of the martyrdom of Bishop Saint Fructuoso and Deacons Saints Augurio and Eulogio, known as the protomartyrs of Tarragona, Spain, which will take place in that city on January 25, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1559 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1141 (XI).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1140 (X).

• Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State, will be pontifical legate to the celebrations of the 5th World Encounter of Families, which will take place in Ciudad Méjico, Méjico, between January 13 and 18, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1139 (IX).

• On Tuesday November 11, 2008, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J., archbishop of Buenos Aires and primate of Argentina, was reelected president of the Argentinian Episcopal Conference for the triennium 2008-2011. In Crónica - 2008.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the second conclave of 1555 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1138 (VIII).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1137 (VII).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1136 (VI).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1135 (V).

• On Monday November 3, at 11:30 a.m., in the altar of the Confession of the papal Vatican basilica, Pope Benedict XVI presided over a capella papale for the repose of the souls of the ten cardinals and 103 bishops who have died since November 5, 2007. The pontiff also delivered the homily. Members of the College of Cardinals concelebrated with the Holy Father. In Crónica - 2008.

• According to the website of the archdiocese of Birmingham, England, a solemn High Mass, for the translation of the relics of Cardinal John Henry Newman, Orat. (1879), was celebrated at the Birmingham Oratory, at 11am on Sunday, November 2, 2008. The celebrant was Archbishop Vincent Nichols of Birmingham. The Very Reverend Paul Chavasse, provost of the Birmingham Oratory and Postulator of the Newman Cause, preached the homily. During this mass, the relics of the cardinal were solemnly placed in the chapel of St. Charles Borromeo, a friend of St. Philip Neri, situated to the right of the sanctuary. They will rest in the chapel while the step by step process of Cardinal Newman's beatification continues in Rome. The meticulous exhumation of Cardinal Newman's grave at Rednal, on Thursday October 2, 2008, did not recover any human remains. The Fathers of the Birmingham Oratory have decided that the specially made marble sarcophagus intended to receive Cardinal Newman's body will not now be placed in the church as originally planned. The relics, placed in a glass-sided reliquary, included locks of Cardinal Newman's hair, already in the possession of the Fathers of the Oratory; a small cross (the one he wore around his neck) and clothing found in the grave, and some wood from the cardinal's original oak coffin. Everything recovered from Cardinal Newman's grave is presently in the care of one of the country's leading specialists in conservation, the York Archaeological Trust, including the brass cardinal's insignia that decorated the top of the coffin. In Crónica - 2008.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the first conclave of 1555 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1134 (IV).

• On October 24, 2008, during the Twenty-Second General Congregation of the Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Archbishop Nikola Eterović, secretary general of the Synod of Bishops, announced the names of the twelve elected members of the Twelfth Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, and of the three members appointed by the pope. The election and nomination took place on the previous October 22. Among them are Cardinals: Francis Arinze, prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments; Francis Eugene George, O.M.I., archbishop of Chicago and president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops; Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, S.D.B., archbishop of Tegucigalpa and president of the Episcopal Conference of Honduras; Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson, archbishop of Cape Coast, Ghana, and president of the Association of West African Episcopal Conferences; Marc Ouellet, P.S.S., archbishop of Québec, Canada; Joseph Zen Ze-kiun, S.D.B., bishop of Hong Kong, China; Odilo Pedro Scherer, archbishop of São Paulo, Brazil; and Walter Kasper, president of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1133 (III).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1132 (II).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent II (1130-1143) in 1130 (I).

• On October 21, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Lviv of the Latins, Ukraine, presented by Cardinal Marian Jaworski, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. He was succeeded by Mieczysław Mokrzycki, until now archbishop coadjutor of the same see. In Crónica - 2008.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1549-1550 to their respective biographical entries.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1534 to their respective biographical entries.

• Ten years ago today, October 16, 2008, the site "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church" was started. Since January 1, 2002, it has received over one million visits. Thank you to all who have contributed with their input, work and interest as well as to all the visitors.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinals created by Antipope Anacletus II (1130-1138) in a consistory celebrated in 1131 (II).

• The Episcopal Conference of Ecuador announced on October 13, 2008, that Cardinal Antonio José González Zumárraga, archbishop emeritus of Quito, had died. The cardinal died at 5:30 a.m., at his home in Valle de los Chillos, Sangolquí, Quito, accompanied by his close relatives. The death was caused by a stomach cancer, which the cardinal had suffered for some time. His body was exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Quito, where the funeral took place on October 14, in the morning. The late cardinal was buried in the crypt of the cathedral. The bishops of Ecuador, who are in the ad limina Apostolorum visit in Rome, concelebrated a mass of thanksgiving for the canonization of Narcisa de Jesús Martillo Morán, an Ecuadorian laywoman, which took place the day before, and for the eternal repose of the soul of the cardinal, in the papal Liberian basilica. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to the apostolic nuncio in Ecuador, Giacomo Guido Ottonello, titular archbishop of Sasabe. After his death, the members of the College of Cardinals are 192. The cardinal electors are 116; 86 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 76, of which 5 were created by Pope Paul VI, 64 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2005.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinals created by Antipope Anacletus II (1130-1138) in the consistory celebrated on Holy Saturday 1130 (I).

• Eighty three links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) in the consistories of March 8, 1816 (X); September 23, 1816 (XI); July 28, 1817 (XII); October 1, 1817 (XIII); April 6, 1818 (XIV); June 4, 1819 (XV); September 27, 1819 (XVI); December 2, 1822 (XVII); March 10, 1823 (XVIII); and May 16, 1823 (XIX) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Celestine II (1143-1144) in the consistory of March 1144 (III).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Celestine II (1143-1144) in the consistory celebrated at the beginning of 1144 (II).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Celestine II (1143-1144) in the consistory of December 17, 1143 (I).

• On October 1, 2008, the Vatican Press Office published the list of participants in the 12th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, which includes fifty three cardinals. In Crónica - 2005.

• New bibliographic entries added to the site during the months of July to September 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Lucius II (1144-1145) in the consistory celebrated in December 1144 (II).

• Links have been established from the list of living cardinals to the images of their arms in the excellent site Araldica Vaticana.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1523 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Lucius II (1144-1145) in the consistory celebrated in June 1144 (I).

• The catalogs of the cardinals created by Popes Paschal II (1099-1118), Gelasius II (1118-1119), Callistus II (1119-1124), Honorius II (1124-1130), Innocent II (1130-1143); and Antipope Anacletus II (1130-1138) have been arranged by date of promotion from the organization by cardinalitial order, in which they initially were.

• Thirteen links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153); and forty eight links about the cardinals created by Pope Adrian IV (1154-1159) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153) in a consistory celebrated in 1152 (VI).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1521-1522 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153) in a consistory celebrated in 1151 (V).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153) in a consistory celebrated in 1150 (IV).

• Full text in Latin of the constitution Romanum decet Pontificem, promulgated on June 21, 1692, by Pope Innocent XII. The constitution mandated that the cardinal priests and deacons transfer all jursidiction over the clergy and the faithful of their churches to the exclusive competence of the cardinal vicar of Rome, leaving to the cardinal priests and deacons only corrective and administrative functions. Privileges of honorific pontifical rights, episcopal blessing, and conferral of benefices were not taken away from them. The document also suppressed the office of cardinal-nephew. The Code of Canon Law of 1917 incorporated Innocent's legislation in canons 240, 2; 1414, 4; and 1432, 1.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153) in a consistory celebrated in 1148 or 1149 (III).

• Cardinal Franc Rodé, C.M., prefect of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life, will be special papal envoy to preside the conclusive celebrations of the jubilar year of the Cistercian abbey of Waldsassen, Germany, which will take place on November 23, 2008, in the 875th anniversary of its foundation. In Crónica - 2008.

• Full text in Latin of the constitution In eligendis, promulgated on October 9, 1562, by Pope Pius IV. The constitution established that the conclave should not possess funds other than those strictly necessary to meet the expenses of its own deliberations and those of the previous pope's funeral, with the sum fixed at 10,000 ducats. No longer should the conclave be held responsible for paying any debts left by the previous pope. Such measures were evidently intended to avoid the danger of simony. Each cardinal was allowed to bring two conclavists, except for the princes and the most senior cardinals, who were allowed three each. The conclavists had to have been in the cardinal's service for a year before the conclave and could not be brothers or nephews. The conclavists were forbidden from sacking the new pope's cell (this provision failed). Pius IV also decreed that the cells for the cardinals should be decided by drawing lots and the conclave placed under strict surveillance.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153) in a consistory celebrated in 1146 (II).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153) in a consistory celebrated in 1145 (I).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Anastasius IV (1153-1154) in the consistory of December 1153 (I).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Adrian IV (1154-1159) in the consistory of February 1159 (III).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Adrian IV (1154-1159) in the consistory of February/March 1158 (II).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1513 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Adrian IV (1154-1159) in the consistory of December 1155 (I).

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal deacons created by Antipope Callistus III (1168-1178).

• On September 9, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI named Cardinal George Pell, archbishop of Sydney, Australia, one of the three president delegates of the 12th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, substituting for Cardinal Oswald Gracias, archbishop of Bombay, India, who is unable to attend. In Crónica - 2008.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the second conclave of 1503 to their respective biographical entries.

• Vatican Radio announced that Cardinal Antonio Innocenti, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy and president emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for the Conservation of the Artistic and Historical Patrimony of the Church (now for the Cultural Patrimony of the Church) and of the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei", died early in the afternoon of September 6, 2008. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, the pope prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to the cardinal's sister. On Wednesday September 10, 2008, at 9 a.m., in the Altar of the Chair of the papal Vatican basilica, will take place the exequies for the late cardinal. The holy mass will be celebrated by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, and twenty-five other cardinals, among them, Cardinals Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State. Present were Cardinal Roger Etchegaray, vice-dean of the College of Cardinals, and Giovanni Canestri, archbishop emeritus of Genoa, together with numerous archbishops and bishops. With the diplomatic corps were Archbishops Fernando Filoni, substitute of the secretariat of State, and Dominique Mamberti, secretary for the rapport with the States, and Msgrs. Gabriele Giordano Caccia, assessor, Pietro Parolin, under-secretary for the rapport with the States, and Fortunatus Nwachukwu, head of protocol. Also present in the celebration were the sister of the late cardinal, Maria Antonietta Baggiani, and the nephews, together with the persons who always assisted and collaborated with the cardinal. Also present were the mayor and the parish priest of Lama Mocogno, the Modenese city dear to Cardinal. At the end of the eucharistic celebration, Pope Benedict XVI will address those present and will preside over the rites of Ultima Commendatio and Valedictio. The body of the cardinal will be buried in the cemetery of Poppi, his native town. After his death, the members of the College of Cardinals are 193. The cardinal electors are 116; 86 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 77, of which 5 were created by Pope Paul VI, 65 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal priests created by Antipope Callistus III (1168-1178).

• On September 6, 2008, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI has appointed members of the XII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, which will take place on October 5 to 26, 2008, at Vatican City, on the theme "The Word of God in the Life and the Mission of the Church", Cardinals Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals; Joachim Meisner, archbishop of Cologne (Germany); Polycarp Pengo, archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania), president of the Symposium des Conférences épiscopales d'Afrique et de Madagascar (SCEAM).; Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, S.D.B., archbishop of Tegucigalpa (Honduras); Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson, archbishop of Cape Coast (Ghana), president of the Association of Episcopal Conferences of Occidental Africa (A.C.E.A.O.); George Pell, archbishop of Sydney (Australia); Josip Bozanić, archbishop of Zagreb (Croatia); Péter Erdő, archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest (Hungary), president of the Consilium Conferentiarum Episcoporum Europæ (C.C.E.E.); Marc Ouellet, P.S.S., archbishop of Québec (Canada); Stanisław Dziwisz, archbishop of Kraków (Poland); Joseph Zen Ze-Kiun, S.D.B., bishop of Hong Kong (China); André Vingt-Trois, archbishop of Paris (France); Odilo Pedro Scherer, archbishop of São Paulo (Brazil); Agostino Vallini, vicar general of His Holiness for the diocese of Rome; Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, archpriest of the papal basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura, Rome; Albert Vanhoye, S.J., rector emeritus of the Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome; Giovanni Lajolo, president of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and of the Governatorato of the State of Vatican City; and Raffaele Farina, S.D.B., archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church. In Crónica - 2008.

• The Vatican Press Office announced today, September 5, 2008, that a capella papale for the repose of the souls of the cardinals and bishops, who have died since November 5, 2007, will be celebrated by Pope Benedict XVI, on Monday November 3, at 11:30 a.m., in the altar of the Confession of the papal Vatican basilica. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal bishops created by Antipope Callistus III (1168-1178).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the first conclave of 1503 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal deacons created by Antipope Paschal III (1164-1168).

• Biographical entry of the pseudocardinal priest created by Antipope Paschal III (1164-1168).

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal bishops created by Antipope Paschal III (1164-1168).

• Links have been established between the biographical entries of all the cardinals created in the 18th century and the catalogs of participants in all the conclaves celebrated in that century.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1691 to their respective biographical entries.

• Sixty nine links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal deacons created by Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164).

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal priests created by Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164).

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal bishops created by Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in March 1180 (XIII).

• Cardinal Joachim Meisner, archbishop of Cologne, Germany, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 4th centennial of the apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Šiluva, Lithuania, which will take place on September 13-14, 2008. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in March 1179 (XII).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1689 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in December 1178 (XI).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated on September 22, 1178 (X).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1676 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in March 1178 (IX).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in December 1176 (VIII).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1669-1670 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated on March 7, 1175 (VII).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in September 1173 (VI).

• Pictures of Cardinals Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei (1875); Edoardo Borromeo (1868); Giovanni Brunelli (1852); Prospero Caterini (1853); Flavio III Chigi (1873); Giuseppe Cosenza (1850); Jacques-Marie-Antoine-Célestin Dupont (1847); Mariano Falcinelli Antoniacci, O.S.B.Cas. (1873); Frédéric de Falloux du Coudray (1877); Innocenzo Ferrieri (1868); Gaspare Grassellini (1856); Domenico Lucciardi (1852); Pedro Paulo de Figuereido da Cunha e Melo (1850); Inácio do Nascimento Morais Cardoso (1873); Angelo Quaglia (1861); and Luigi Serafini (1877) have been included in the Image Gallery (1846-1878), kindly provided by Dr. Frank Hochholdinger, Tübingen, Germany.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in 1171 (V).

• Pictures of Cardinals Antonio Benedetto Antonucci (1858); Pietro De Silvestri (1858); Pietro Marini (1846); Francesco de' Medici di Ottaiano (1856); Giuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti (1858); Enrico Orfei (1858); Giuseppe Pecci (1850); Giusto Recanati, O.F.M.Cap. (1853); Roberto Giovanni F. Roberti (1850); Domenico Savelli (1853); and Carlo Vizzardelli (1848) have been included in the Image Gallery (1846-1878), kindly provided by Dr. Frank Hochholdinger, Tübingen, Germany.

• Full text in Latin of the constitution Ut si quis papa superstite, promulgated on March 1, 499, during a Roman synod celebrated in St. Peter's basilica, under Pope St. Symmachus (498-514). The constitution is the oldest document concerning the regulation of papal elections that has reached our times. At the end of this document appears the complete list of the bishops who participated in the synod, that of the titular priests of Rome and their assistants, as well as the regional deacons, who subscribed it. These priests and deacons are the precursors of the cardinals.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in 1170 (IV).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated on December 15, 1165 (III).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1667 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in 1164 (II).

• On July 21, 2008, the newspaper The Telegraph, from London, England, reported that the Vatican has requested that in preparation for his beatification, the remains of Cardinal John Henry Newman, Orat., be transferred to the chapel of the Oratory of Birmingham and placed in a marble sarcophagus so that the faithful can venerate them more easily. The cardinal is buried, according to his wishes, in the tomb with Fr. Ambrose St. John (+ 1875), in the chapel of the cemetery of the village of Rednal, near Birmingham. His beatification is expected to take place in the first half of 2009. In Crónica - 2008.

• On July 21, 2008, the number of visitors to the cardinals site reached one million. To all, my profound gratitude for your interest and support.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1655 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander III(1159-1181) in the consistory celebrated in 1163 (I).

• The dates of death of the cardinals have been included in the catalog of consistories of the 18th century.

• New bibliographic entries added to the site during the months of April to June 2008.

• Cardinal Godfried Danneels, archbishop of Malines-Bruxelles, Belgium, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations that will take place in Valenciennes, France, on September 14, 2008, for the millennium of the pilgrimage in honor of Notre-Dame du Saint-Cordon. In Crónica - 2008.

• On July 3 and 4, 2008, took place at the Vatican the 42nd reunion of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economical Problems of the Holy See, presided by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State.

  The following cardinals also participated in the reunion: Roger Michael Mahony, archbishop of Los Angeles, United States of America; Camillo Ruini, former vicar of Rome, Italy; Antonio María Rouco Varela, archbishop of Madrid, Spain; Anthony Olubunmi Okogie, archbishop of Lagos, Nigeria; Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, Opus Dei, archbishop of Lima, Perú; Edward Michael Egan, archbishop of New York, United States of America; Eusébio Oscar Scheid, S.C.I., archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Gaudencio Borbon Rosales, archbishop of Manila, Philippines; and Nicholas Cheong Jinsuk, archbishop of Seoul, South Korea.

  The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See was represented by its president, Msgr. Velasio De Paolis, c.s.; its secretary, Msgr. Vincenzo Di Mauro; and Ragioniere Generale Comm. Paolo Trombetta.

  The Governatorate of the State of Vatican City and the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See were represented by their president, Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo; and their secretary, Msgr. Domenico Calcagno. At the invitation of the cardinal secretary of State, was present at the reunion Dr. Gr. Uff. Alberto Gasbarri, administrative director of Vatican Radio.

  The Holy See closed the fiscal year with a deficit of 9 million Euros (more than 14 million dollars); the State of Vatican City closed with a surplus of 6.7 million Euros (10.5 million dollars). In Crónica - 2008.

• On July 9, 2008, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation, presented because of age limit, by Cardinal José Saraiva Martins, C.M.F., from the post of prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints. The pope named as successor Angelo Amato, S.D.B., titular archbishop of Sila, until now secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Lucius III (1181-1185) in the consistory celebrated on March 6, 1185 (V).

• Cardinal Paul Poupard, president emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture, will be special papal envoy to preside over the 22nd International Mariological Marian Congress that will take place in Lourdes, France, from September 4 to 8, 2008. In Crónica - 2008.

• The dates of death of the cardinals have been included in the catalog of consistories of the 19th century.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Lucius III (1181-1185) in the consistory celebrated in December 1182 (IV).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Lucius III (1181-1185) in the consistory celebrated in mid-1182 (III).

• On June 27, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation presented, for having reached the age limit, by Cardinal Camillo Ruini from the charges of vicar general of His Holiness for the diocese of Rome, archpriest of the papal Lateran archbasilica, and grand chancellor of the Pontifical Lateran University. The pope named as successor Cardinal Agostino Vallini, until now prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature. Furthermore, the pope named prefect of that tribunal Raymond Leo Burke, until now archbishop of Saint Louis, United States of America. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Lucius III (1181-1185) in the consistory celebrated at the beginning of 1182 (II).

• On June 24, 2008, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI named presidents delegate to the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops Cardinals William Joseph Levada, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith; Oswald Gracias, archbishop of Bombay (India); and Odilo Pedro Scherer, archbishop of São Paulo (Brazil). The assembly will take place at the Vatican from October 5 to 26, 2008, with the theme "The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church". In Crónica - 2008.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1644 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Lucius III (1181-1185) in the consistory of December 1181 (I).

• Nineteen links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about Cardinals Guy Paré, O.Cist., and Lotario dei conti di Segni (future Pope Innocent III), created by Pope Clement III in 1190, have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Cardinal Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi, archbishop emeritus of Tokyo, Japan, turned 80 years old on June 17, 2008, and, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, lost the right to participate in the conclave. The cardinal electors are now 116; 86 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 78, of which 5 were created by Pope Paul VI, 66 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2008.

• Cardinal Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez, archbishop of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, will be special papal envoy to the III American Missionary Congress (CAM3) and the VIII Latin American Missionary Congress (COMLA8), which will take place in Quito, Ecuador, on August 12 to 17, 2008. In Crónica - 2008.

• Cardinal Giacomo Biffi, archbishop emeritus of Bologna, Italy, turned 80 years old on June 13, 2008, and, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, lost the right to participate in the conclave. The cardinal electors are now 117; 87 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 77, of which 5 were created by Pope Paul VI, 65 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Urban III (1185-1187) in the consistory of 1187 (II).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1623 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban III (1185-1187) in the consistory of Saturday of Pentecost 1186 (I).

• The Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano announced that to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the death of Cardinal Agostino Casaroli (November 24 1914 to 9 June 1998), who was secretary of State from 1979 to 1990, several initiatives will take place. They will be sponsored by a committee presided over by Cardinal Achille Silvestrini and it includes cardinals, bishops, politicians, diplomats and academics from various countries. The opening of the celebrations will be on Monday afternoon, June 9, in the Roman basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, where the cardinal is buried. There, at 6:30 p.m., Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals and former secretary of State, will preside the mass of suffrage. On the morning of Tuesday June10, in the Hall of the Synod at the Vatican, will take place a conference on the figure of the cardinal, who has his name linked to the so-called Ostpolitik of the Holy See. The opening intervention will be delivered by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B, secretary of state. It will be followed by a discussion on several items on "Agostino Casaroli, weaver of relations between peoples" with Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialog; Jean-Bernard Raimond, former French foreign minister; and Wladislaw Bartoszewski, former Polish foreign minister. Agostino Giovagnoli, of the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, will outline a historical profile and Cardinal Silvestrini will draw the conclusions.

• On June 7, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Cardinal Ennio Antonelli, until then archbishop of Florence, Italy, president of the Pontifical Council for the Family. He will be apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor. In Crónica - 2008.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1621 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Clement III (1187-1191) in the consistory of September 1190 (III).

• It was announced in the Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, that the 400th anniversary of the death of Cardinal Francesco Maria Tarugi, Orat., will be solemnly celebrated in the evening of Saturday June 14, 2008, in the church of Santa Maria in Vallicella, with a eucharistic celebration presided by Gianfranco Ravasi, titular archbishop of Villamagna di Proconsolare, president of the Pontifical Council for Culture. The cardinal is buried under the presbytery, to the left of the main altar, of that church, together with Cardinal Cesare Baronio, Orat.

• The dates of death of the cardinals have been included in the catalog of consistories of the 20th century.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Clement III (1187-1191) in the consistory of May 1189 (II).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the second conclave of 1605 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Clement III (1187-1191) in the consistory of March 12, 1188 (I).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the first conclave of 1605 to their respective biographical entries.

• Links have been established between the biographical entries of all the cardinals created in the 19th century and the catalogs of participants in all the conclaves celebrated in that century.

• Eleven links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Celestine III (1191-1198); and 112 links about the cardinals created, between 1800 and 1807, by Pius VII (1800-1823) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1774-1775 to their respective biographical entries.

• On May 17, 2008, the Vatican Press Office issued a communique announcing that on Friday May 23, 2008, at 11 a.m., in the Altar of the Chair of the papal Vatican basilica, will be celebrated a Holy Mass of suffrage for the late Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, of the title of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, dean emeritus of the College of Cardinals. The Holy Mass will be celebrated by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, with the cardinals present. At the end of the celebration, Pope Benedict XVI will deliver the homily and impart the apostolic blessing. In Crónica - 2008.

• On May 16, 2008, the newspaper Le Matinal, of Cotonou, Republic of Bénin, reported that the Council of Ministers, in consultation with the Catholic Church has fixed the burial of the late Cardinal Bernardin Gantin on Thursday May 22, 2008, according to the following calendar: Wednesday May 21, at 6:30 p.m., arrival of the mortal remains at the international airport of Cotonou; 8:30 p.m.: departure for the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Miséricorde; 9:00 p.m.: departure for the Church of Saint Michel of Cotonou; .9:15: mass of the opening of the vigil; Thursday May 22, 6:30 a.m.: mass in the Church of Saint Michel of Cotonou; 7:30 a.m.: departure for the Stadium de l'Amitié of Kouhounou; 8:00 a.m.: official homages; 11:30 a.m.: departure for the basilica Immaculée Conception of Ouidah; 1:00: departure for the Grand Seminary of Ouidah and private burial, with the attendance of the bishops of Bénin only, in the chapel of the seminary. The Council of Ministers has instructed the Minister of Economy and Finances to allocate to the Committee of organization of the funeral the necessary means to assure the satisfactory development of the activities. The council also decided to declare May 22 a national holiday. In Crónica - 2008.

• On May 15, 2008, the newspaper Le Matinal, of Cotonou, Republic of Bénin, reported that the late Cardinal Bernardin Gantin will be buried on May 24 near the altar of the chapel of the Grand Seminary of Saint Gall, Ouidah. His mortal remains reposed in the chapel of the house of the Sœurs Petites Servantes des Pauvres, sixth district, 49 Rue Notre Dame des Champs, Paris; after two days, it was driven in the Funérarium of the Cimetière des Batignolles, in Paris (17º); and will probably arrive in Bénin on May 22 or 23. On May 15, a large governmental delegation accompanied by René Marie Ehuzu, C.I.M., bishop of Porto Novo, and by Eugène Cyrille Houndékon, bishop of Abomey, arrived in Paris to organize the repatriation of the body to Bénin. In Crónica - 2008.

• Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, dean emeritus of the College of Cardinals, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops and president emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, died on May 13, 2008, at 4:45 p.m., in the Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, following a long illness. He had been taken to that hospital from Cotonou, Bénin, on May 8, the day of his 86th birthday. A delegation headed by the Minister of Health has been sent to Paris to arrange the return of the body of the late cardinal to Bénin. A period of three days of national mourning will be observed in memory of the cardinal from Wednesday May 14. During this period, the flags will fly at half mast in all the national territory. Msgr. Anatole Dédégbé, vicar general of the archdiocese of Cotonou, expressed the sorrow of the Catholic Church in Bénin for the death of Cardinal Gantin. Upon learning the news of the death of Cardinal Gantin, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop Marcel Honorat Léon Agboton of Cotonou. After his death the number of members of the College of Cardinals is 194; 118 electors and 76 non-electors. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Celestine III (1191-1198) in the consistory of 1195 (IV).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Celestine III (1191-1198) in the consistory of February 20, 1193 (III).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1769 to their respective biographical entries.

• On May 10, 2008, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI promoted Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State, to the order of cardinal bishops and assigned him the title of the suburbicarian see of Frascati. In Crónica - 2008.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1758 to their respective biographical entries.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1740 to their respective biographical entries.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1730 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Celestine III (1191-1198) in the consistory of 1192 (II).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1724 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Celestine III (1191-1198) in the consistory of 1191 (I).

• Obituary lists of the pontificate of Pope Gregory IX (1227-1243), with links from the lists to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1721 to their respective biographical entries.

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) in the consistories of July 11, 1803 (VII), March 26, 1804 (VIII) and August 24, 1807 (IX), taken from Philippe Boutry, Souverain et Pontife : recherches prosopographiques sur la curie romaine à l'âge de la restauration, 1814-1846 (Rome : École française de Rome, 2002); and Jean LeBlanc, Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les potificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903 (Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007).

• Links have been established between the biographical entries of all the cardinals created in the 20th century and the catalogs of participants in all the conclaves celebrated in that century.

• Obituary lists of the Vacant Sees of 1241 and 1241-1243; and the pontificate of Pope Innocent IV (1243-1254), with links from the lists to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• On April 21, 2008, the Press office of the Holy See issued an announcement indicating that on Wednesday April 23, 2008, at 11 a.m., in the Altar of the Chair of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica, will take place the exequies of Cardinal Alfonso López Trujillo, of the title of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, president of the Pontifical Council for the Family. The Holy Mass will be celebrated by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, together with the other cardinals present. At the end of the eucharistic liturgy, the exequial liturgy will be presided by Pope Benedict XVI, who will have the homily and the rite of the Ultima Commendatio and the Valedictio. The late cardinal will be buried in the church of Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri, in Via di Porta Angelica, the parish church of the Vatican; it is served by the Augustian friars.

• Cardinal Alfonso López Trujillo, president of the Pontifical Council for the Family, died of respiratory problems and diabetes, at 7:45 p.m., local time, on April 19, 2008, in the Clinic Pio XI, Rome, where he had been interned for a month. At the moment of his death, Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals; his brother, a nephew as well as other relatives and members of the Roman Curia, were in his room. The funeral will take place in the patriarchal Vatican basilica on Wednesday April 23, 2008. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI, who was at St. Joseph's Seminary, New York, during his apostolic visit to the United States of America, prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent the cardinal's brother a telegram of condolence. In the morning of April 21, 2008, after the signing of the notary's act (rogito), the casket of the cardinal was taken to the church of Santo Stefano degli Abissini, in the Vatican. After his death the number of members of the College of Cardinals is 195; 118 electors and 77 non-electors. In Crónica - 2008.

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) in the consistories of August 9, 1802 (IV), January 17, 1803 (V) and May 16, 1803 (VI), taken from Philippe Boutry, Souverain et Pontife : recherches prosopographiques sur la curie romaine à l'âge de la restauration, 1814-1846 (Rome : École française de Rome, 2002); and Jean LeBlanc, Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les potificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903 (Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1700 to their respective biographical entries.

• Obituary lists of the pontificate of Popes Alexander IV (1254-1261); and Urban IV (1261-1264); of the Vacant See (1268-1271); and of the pontificate of Pope Gregory X (1271-1276), with links from the lists to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• On April 12, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation, presented for reason of limit of age, by Cardinal Sergio Sebastiani, from the office of president of the Prefecture of the Economic Affairs of the Holy See. To succeed him, the pope named Velasio De Paolis, C.S., titular archbishop of Telepte, until now secretary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. In Crónica - 2008.

• Cardinal Jozef Tomko, president emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for the International Eucharistic Congresses, will be papal legate to the celebrations of the 49th International Eucharistic Congress that will take place in Québec, Canada, from June 15 to 22, 2008. In Crónica - 2008.

• On April 10, 2008, at 5:30 a.m., Cardinal Ernesto Corripio Ahumada, archbishop emeritus of México, México, died, from complications of heart problems, thrombosis and diabetes, in his residence in La Noria, Xochimilco, México City. His body will be exposed in the Minor Seminary of the archdiocese of México on April 10, from 4 p.m. until the following day at noon; then, the casket with the body of the late cardinal will be transferred to the National Basilica of Guadalupe, where it will be in repose until Saturday at noon, when it will be taken to the metropolitan and primatial cathedral of México; Cardinal Norberto Rivera Carrera, archbishop of México, will preside the funeral mass in that cathedral on Sunday April 13, 2008. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Cardinal Rivera Carrera. His burial will take place in the crypt of the archbishops below the Altar de los Reyes of that cathedral. After his death the number of members of the College of Cardinals is 196; 119 electors and 77 non-electors. In Crónica - 2008.

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) in the consistories of August 11, 1800 (I), October 20, 1800 (II) and February 23, 1801 (III), taken from Philippe Boutry, Souverain et Pontife : recherches prosopographiques sur la curie romaine à l'âge de la restauration, 1814-1846 (Rome : École française de Rome, 2002); and Jean LeBlanc, Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les potificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, GrégoireXVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903 (Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007).

• Cardinal Walter Kasper, president of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity, will be special papal envoy to the solemn celebrations of the 8th centennial of the translation of the relics of the Apostle Saint Andrew to Amalfi, Italy, which will take place on May 8, 2008. In Crónica - 2008.

• New bibliographic entries added to the site during the months of November 2007 to March 2008.

• Cardinal Peter Poreku Dery, archbishop emeritus of Tamale, Ghana, who died on March 6, 2008, was buried on April 1, 2008, in the Our Lady of the Annunciation metropolitan cathedral in that city, after a requiem mass was celebrated. On March 31, 2008, a vigil mass was celebrated at the Jubilee Park; President John Agyekum and Vice President Alhaji Aliu Mahama joined the huge crowd of Catholic faithfuls from across the country, Rome and Burkina Faso; also present were ministers of State, members of the Council of State and parliamentarians; Cardinal Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson, archbishop of Cape Coast, was delegated by the pope to officiate at the burial service; the government, the pope's representative and the Catholic Bishops Conference read tributes to his memory; Peter Akwasi Sarpong, archbishop emeritus of Kumasi, delivered the homily; Mr. Felix Owusu Adjepong, minister-designate for Energy, read a tribute on behalf of the government; wreaths were laid on behalf of the government, the pope, the Catholic Bishops Conference and family members. In Crónica - 2008.

• Contributed by Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain, additional information and links have been included in the biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216).

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent IV (1243-1254), taken from Agostino Paravicini Bagliani's Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254 (2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972).

• Cardinal Godfried Danneels, archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels, Belgium, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 75th anniversary of the apparitions of the "Vierge des Pauvres", which will take place in the Shrine of Banneux, Belgium on May 31, 2008. In Crónica - 2008.

• Obituary lists of the pontificate of Popes Innocent V (1276); and Adrian V (1276); of the Vacant See (1276); of the pontificate of Pope John XXI (1276-1277); of the Vacant See (1277); of the pontificates of Popes Nicholas III (1277-1280); Martin IV (1281-1285); and Honorius IV (1258-1287); and the Vacant See (1287-1288) , with links from the lists to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241), taken from Agostino Paravicini Bagliani's Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254 (2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972).

• Cardinal Adolfo Antonio Suárez Rivera, archbishop emeritus of Monterrey, México, died on March 22, 2008, at 1:25 a.m., of a brain hemorrhage, at Hospital Murguerza, Monterrey. His body is exposed in the Minor Seminary of Monterrey, where hundreds of faithful have been paying their respects. On March 24, 2008, a funeral mass will be celebrated in the basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Monterrey and later, he will be buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Monterrey. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Cardinal Francisco Robles Ortega, archbishop of Monterrey. The members of the College of Cardinals are now 197; 119 electors and 78 non-electors. In Crónica - 2008.

• Obituary lists of the pontificate of Pope Nicholas IV (1288-1292); of the Vacant See (1292-1294); and of the pontificates of Popes Celestine V (1294); and Boniface VIII (1294-1303), with links from the lists to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• At the invitation of Pope Benedict XVI, Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-Kiun, S.D.B., bishop of Hong Kong, China, prepared the meditations and prayers for Good Friday's Stations of the Cross at the Roman Colosseum on March 21, 2008. The pope will preside over the ceremony. In Crónica - 2008.

• Contributed by Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain, additional information and links have been included in the biographical entries of the cardinals created by Popes Honorius III (1216-1227); Gregory IX (1227-1241); Innocent IV (1243-1254); Alexander IV (1254-1261); Urban IV (1261-1264); Gregory X (1271-1276); Nicholas III (1277-1280); Martin IV (1281-1285); Honorius IV (1285-1287); Nicholas IV (1288-1292); Celestine V (1294); Boniface VIII (1294-1303); and Benedict XI (1303-1304).

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the cardinals created by Popes Innocent III (1198-1216) and Honorius III (1216-1227), taken from Agostino Paravicini Bagliani's Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254 (2 vols. Padova : Antenore, 1972).

• Obituary list of the pontificate of Pope Clement V (1305-1314), with links from the list to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• One hundred links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• On March 14, 2008, the news paper My Joy Online, from Accra, Ghana, informed that the president of the republic, Mr. John Agyekum Kufuor, on Thursday directed that the late Cardinal Peter Poreku Dery should be honored with a state burial and funeral in appreciation of his statesmanship and tremendous contribution to society. A delegation of the Catholic Church and the bereaved family called at the Castle, Osu, to officially inform the president of the cardinal's death. Bishop Lucas Abadamloora, of Navrongo-Bolgatanga, president of the Ghana Catholic Bishops Conference, led the delegation. The body of the late cardinal will be conveyed from the morgue to the Our Lady of the Annunciation metropolitan cathedral, Tamale, for reception and then a vigil mass at the Jubilee Park on Monday, March 31, 2008. This will be followed the next day by a requiem mass and final committal at that cathedral. In Crónica - 2008.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1799-1800 to their respective biographical entries.

• With the completion of the biographical entries of the cardinals and quasi-cardinals created in the 13th century, 2,926 (70%) of the 4,190 names identified in the site now have biographical information.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of 1216 (X).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of 1206 (V).

• On March 8, 2008, the Vatican Press Office informed that Cardinal Peter Poreku Dery, deacon of S. Elena fuori Porta Prenestina, archbishop emeritus of Tamale, Ghana, died on March 6, 2008, the occasion of Ghana's 51st Independence day. Upon learning the news of his death, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the repose of his soul and sent telegrams of condolence to Gregory Ebo Kpiebaya, archbishop of Tamale, and to Mr. Alipo Poreku, brother of the late cardinal. Arrangements for his funeral will be announced later. The members of the College of Cardinals are now 198; 119 electors and 79 non-electors. In Crónica - 2008.

• Cardinal Godfried Danneels, archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels, Belgium, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 1350th anniversary of the birth of St. Willibrord, which will take place in Luxembourg from May 11 to 13, 2008. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of 1202 (III).

• On March 4, 2008, Cardinal Antonio María Rouco Varela, archbishop of Madrid, Spain, was elected president of the Spanish Episcopal Conference for the 2008-2011 triennium. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of 1213 (IX).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of 1207 (V).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of February 18, 1212 (VIII).

• At 11 a.m. on Saturday, March 1, 2008, in the Consistory Hall of the Vatican Apostolic Palace, took place an ordinary public consistory for the canonization of four blesseds. At the end of the consistory, five cardinal deacons opted for the order of cardinal priests after having being in the former order for ten years: Darío Castrillón Hoyos, deacon of SS. Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano, protodeacon; Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez, deacon of S. Saba; Lorenzo Antonetti, deacon of S. Agnese in Agone; Giovanni Cheli, deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano; all these deaconries were elevated pro hac vice to title; Cardinal James Francis Stafford, deacon of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola, opted for the title of S. Pietro in Montorio. After the option of Cardinal Castrillón Hoyos to the order of cardinal priests, the pope confirmed Cardinal Agostino Cacciavillan, deacon of Ss. Angeli Custodi a Città Giardino, in the office of protodeacon. In Crónica - 2008.

• Cardinal Ivan Dias, prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the New Christian Millennium in Ethiopia, which will take place in Addis Abeba from May 2 to 4, 2008, in the occasion of the Ethiopian National Eucharistic Congress. In Crónica - 2008.

• Obituary list of the pontificate of Pope John XXII (1316-1334), with links from the list to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of 1211 (VII).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of 1205 (VI).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of December 1200 (II).

• On February 19, 2008, Cardinal Varkey Vithayathil, C.SS.R., major archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars, was elected new president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India (CBCI) at Jamshedpur. Also, the archbishop of Bombay and president of CCBI (Latin rite), Cardinal Oswald Gracias, was elected as the first vice-president. In Crónica - 2008.

• On February 20, 2008, Cardinal Friedrich Wetter, archbishop emeritus of München und Freising, Germany, turned 80 years old and, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, lost the right to participate in the conclave. The cardinal electors are now 119; 89 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 80, of which 6 were created by Pope Paul VI, 66 by Pope John Paul II and 8 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in the consistory of December 1198 (I).

• Obituary list of the pontificate of Pope Benedict XII (1334-1342), with links from the list to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Honorius III (1216-1227) in the consistory of September 28, 1225 (VI).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1823 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Honorius III (1216-1227) in the consistory of 1221 (V).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Honorius III (1216-1227) in a consistory of 1219 (IV).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Honorius III (1216-1227) in the consistory of October, November or December 1219 (III).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Honorius III (1216-1227) in the consistory of January 8, 1219 (II).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Honorius III (1216-1227) in the consistory of December 1216 (I).

• On February 7, 2008, Cardinal Karl Lehmann, bishop of Mainz, Germany, was awarded a doctorate honoris causa in theology by "St. Augustine College of South Africa" in Johannesburg, South Africa. Because of his illness, the cardinal was not able to travel to Johannesburg and the ceremony took place in his absence. In the same ceremony, an honorary degree was also awarded to Peruvian theologian Fr. Gustavo Gutiérrez. In Crónica - 2008.

• One hundred fourteen links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241); eighty seven links about the cardinals created by Pope Innocent IV (1243-1254); six links about the cardinals created by Pope Alexander IV (1254-1261); ninety two links about the cardinals created by Pope Urban IV (1261-1264); two links about the cardinal created by Pope Clement IV (1265-1268); sixty three links about the cardinals created by Pope Gregory X (1271-1276); and fifty six links about the cardinals created by Pope Nicholas III (1277-1280) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Obituary list of the pontificate of Pope Clement VI (1342-1352), with links from the list to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• New and better photographs of Cardinals Jaime de Barros Câmara (1946); Paolo Marella (1959); António Ribeiro (1973); Émile Biayenda (1973); Aníbal Muñoz Duque (1973) have been included in the Image Gallery (1903-2003); Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino (2006), in the Image Gallery (2006); Leonardo Sandri (2007); Giovanni Lajolo (2007); Stanisław Ryłko (2007); Angelo Comastri (2007); Seán Baptist Brady (2007); Angelo Bagnasco (2007); Estanislao Esteban Karlic (2007), in the Image Gallery (2007); courtesy of Mr. Oskar Juchnik, from Poland.

• On February 10, 2008, the first Sunday of Lent, the annual spiritual exercises of the pope and the Roman Curia will begin in the "Redemptoris Mater" chapel of the Vatican's Apostolic Palace. This year's exercises are dedicated to the theme: "Let us welcome Christ, our High Priest. 'Since, then, we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus, the Son of God, let us hold fast to our confession'" (Hb 4,14). Cardinal Albert Vanhoye, S.J., former secretary of the Pontifical Biblical Commission, will direct the exercises, which will end on Saturday, February 16. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241) in the consistory of 1239 (V).

• On February 2, 2008, Cardinal Friedrich Wetter, archbishop emeritus of München und Fresing, Germany, ceased as apostolic administrator of that metropolitan see, when the new archbishop, Reinhard Marx, was installed. Archbishop Marx had been bishop of Trier until his promotion. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241) in the consistory of 1237 (IV).

• On January 31, 2008, in the "John Paul II" Hall of the Holy See Press Office, the First World Apostolic Congress on Mercy was presented. The congress is due to be held in Rome from 2 to 6 April, 2008. Participating in the press conference were Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, O.P., archbishop of Vienna, Austria, who will be the president of the congress; Fr. Patrice Chocholski, co-ordinator general; and Mauro Parmeggiani, secretary general of the vicariate of Rome. On April 2 the third anniversary of the death of the Servant of God Pope John Paul II is commemorated. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241) in the consistory of September 1231 (III).

• On January 30, 2008, the site of the archdiocese of Lyon, France, informed that Cardinal Philippe Barbarin, metropolitan of that see, was operated on for prostate cancer the day before. The operation was successful and the cardinal will convalesce for two or three weeks before resuming his normal activities. In Crónica - 2008.

• On January 24, 2008, Cardinal Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, S.D.B., archbishop of Tegucigalpa, Honduras, and president of Caritas Internationalis, received the 2007 "Honorary Award" in appreciation of his life work from the Viktor Frankl Foundation of the City of Vienna for the Advancement of Meaning-Oriented Humanistic Psychotherapy, Austria. The board of the foundation had convened on November 28, 2007 to confer the prizes and scholarships for 2007. In Crónica - 2008.

• Obituary list of the pontificate of Pope Innocent VI (1352-1362), with links from the list to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241) in the consistory of December 1228 (II).

• On January 26, 2008, Cardinal Adrianus Johannes Simonis, archbishop emeritus of Utrecht, Holland, ceased as apostolic administrator of that metropolitan see, when the new archbishop, Willem Jacobus Eijk, was installed. Archbishop Eijk had been bishop of Groningen-Leeuwarden until his promotion. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241) in the consistory of September 18, 1227 (I).

• Obituary list of the pontificate of Pope Urban V (1362-1370), with links from the list to the biographical entries of the cardinals who died during those years. The obituary list has been a contribution of Mr. Colin Mackie, Perth, Scotland.

• On January 19, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI received professors and students of the diocesan seminary of Rome, the "Almo Collegio Capranica", for the feast day of their patroness, Saint Agnes, which falls on 21 January. In his talk to them, the pope gave particular emphasis to the figure of Cardinal Domenico Capranica, who founded the institution 550 years ago, and a century before the Council of Trent. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the quasi-cardinals possibly created by Pope Innocent IV.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent IV (1243-1254) in the consistory of December 1251 (II).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Innocent IV (1243-1254) in the consistory of May 28, 1244 (I).

• On January 15, 2008, at noon, a letter from Cardinal Karl Lehmann, bishop of Mainz, Germany, announcing his resignation from the post of chairman of the German Bishops Conference, because of a life-threatening illness, was made public. The cardinal has occupied the chairmanship of the conference since 1987, when he was first elected to it. He has been hospitalized several weeks after serious cardiac and circulatory troubles. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Alexander IV in the consistory celebrated in December 1255 (II).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Alexander IV (1254-1261) in the consistory celebrated between August 17, 1255 and February 1, 1256 (I).

• The Press Office of the Holy See announced on January 12, 2008, that Pope Benedict XVI, for the 12th General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, that will take place at the Vatican from October 5 to 26, 2008, on the theme "The Word of God in the life and in the mission of the Church", has named Relator General Cardinal Marc Ouellet, P.S.S., archbishop of Québec, Canada. Besides, the pope named Cardinal Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez, archbishop of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, member of the Special Council for America of the Synod of Bishops. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban IV (1261-1264) in the consistory of May 22, 1262 (II).

• On January 8, 2008, Kerknet, the web page of the Catholic Church in Flanders, reported that in the first week of January 2008, the mortal remains of Cardinal Jan Pieter Schotte, C.I.C.M., secretary general emeritus of the Synod of Bishops and of the Office of Labor of the Apostolic See, who died on January 10, 2005, were transferred from the chapel of the canons of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome., where they had been temporarily buried, to the definitive tomb built in the church of S. Giuliano dei Fiamminghi, the cardinal's deaconry. The transfer and burial were done privately. A mass for the eternal repose of his soul will be celebrated on Sunday January 13, 2008 in that church. In Crónica - 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban IV (1261-1264) in the consistory of December 17, 1261 (I).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Clement IV in the consistory of 1265 or 1268 (I).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory X (1271-1276) in the consistory of 1275 (II).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory X (1271-1276) in the consistory of June 3, 1273 (I).

• On January 1, 2008, the members of the College of Cardinals are 199; 120 are electors and 79 are non-electors, having lost their right to participate in the conclave when they turned 80 years old, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis. During this year, three cardinals will turn 80. They are: Friedrich Wetter, February 20; Giacomo Biffi, June 13; and Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi, June 17. Also during this year, five cardinal deacons will be able to opt for the order of cardinal priests after having being in the former order for ten years: Darío Castrillón Hoyos, deacon of SS. Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano, protodeacon; Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez, deacon of S. Saba; Lorenzo Antonetti, deacon of S. Agnese in Agone; James Francis Stafford, deacon of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola; and Giovanni Cheli, deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano.

• From January 1 to December 31, 2007, the site received 169,349 visits and innumerable electronic messages with comments, corrections, and additional information, both textual and pictorial. The counter records only the initial visit to the site and not the ones to other sections in the same occasion. During the year, the biographical entries of the cardinals created between 1278 and 1480 were added to the site. The interest in the site is a source of profound gratitude and a strong motivation to continue developing and improving it. Thank you!

©1998-2018 Salvador Miranda.