• December 31
  Cardinal Cahal Brendan Daly, archbishop emeritus of Armagh, Ireland, passed away in the evening, in the presence of relatives and friend, at the coronary intensive care unit of Belfast City Hospital. The remains of the late cardinal will repose at St Peter's cathedral in Belfast tomorrow before being taken to St Patrick's cathedral in Armagh on Sunday. His funeral will be held on Tuesday January 5, 2010. He will be buried in the cathedral grounds. He is survived by his sister Rosaleen, his brother Patrick and sisters-in-law Barbara and Mavis, his nieces and nephews, and extended family. Statements lamenting his death and praising his life were issued by the Primate of all-Ireland Cardinal Seán Brady, his successor; President Mary McAleese of Ireland; Taoiseach Brian Cowen; Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny; Northern Ireland's deputy first minister Martin McGuiness; former Great Britain Prime Minister Tony Blair; the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, the Most Rev. Alan Harper; the Moderator of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, Dr. Stafford Carson; and the President of the Methodist Church in Ireland, the Rev. Donald P Ker, among others. Upon learning the news of his death, Pope Benedict XVI sent a telegram of condolence to Cardinal Brady. After the death of Cardinal Daly, the members of the College of Cardinals are now 183. The cardinal non-electors are now 71, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 61 by Pope John Paul II and 6 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• December 31
  With the completion of the biographical entries of the cardinals of the 10th century, 3,851 (92%) of the 4,196 names identified in the site now have biographical entries. As of today, the site contains eleven centuries, 900-2009, of biographical information on the cardinals.

• December 30
  Cardinal Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi, archbishop emeritus of Tokyo, Japan, died at 6:45 a.m. (Tokyo time), suddenly, of cardiac infarction, at Loyola House, the home for the Jesuit aged priests, in Tokyo's Nerima Ward, where he was recuperating. Cardinal Shirayanagi was hospitalized at the beginning of August 2009 for cardiac arrhythmia, then suffered a light cerebral hemorrhage, but recovered well after three months of rehabilitation. On December 23, he moved to Loyola House. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop Peter Takeo Okada of Tokyo. A prayer vigil will take place on January 4, 2010, at 6 p.m. The funeral of the late cardinal will be celebrated on January 5, 2010, at St. Mary's cathedral, Tokyo. The body of the cardinal will be cremated following the Japanese custom. After the death of Cardinal Shirayanagi, the members of the College of Cardinals are now 184. The cardinal non-electors are now 72, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 62 by Pope John Paul II and 6 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• December 29
  BBC News Channel informed that Cardinal Cahal Brendan Daly, archbishop emeritus of Armagh, Ireland, is seruously ill at the coronary care unit of Belfast City Hospital since Monday (December 28, 2009). Cardinal Seán Baptist Brady, archbishop of Armagh, asked the Irish Catholics to pray for the ailing cardinal. In Crónica - 2009

• December 29
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict IV (900-903) in 903 (I).

• December 28
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Sergius III (904-911) in a promotion celebrated at an unknown date (IV).

• December 27
  The Holy See Press Office issued a communique concerning the result of the operation performed on Cardinal Roger Etchegaray at Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome. The medical bulletin said:
  In the morning, Cardinal Roger Etchegaray, admitted to the University Hospital "Agostino Gemelli" in Rome for the fracture of neck of right femur, was operated for total hip arthroplasty. The surgery was successful and the patient's clinical condition is good.
  As planned, the cardinal will spend the next phases after the intervention in the postoperatory intensive care unit.
  The surgeons, Prof. Lorenzo Aulisa and Prof. Carlo Fabbriciani, were assisted by the anaesthesiologist Prof. Germano De Cosmo. In Crónica - 2009

• December 27
  New or better images have been added to the biographical entries of Cardinals Miguel García Cuesta (1861); Victor-Auguste-Isidore Dechamps, C.Ss.R. (1875); Salvatore Nobili Vitelleschi (1875); Pietro Giannelli (1875); Adolf Bertram (1916); Carlo Agostini (quasi-cardinal); Juan Francisco Fresno Larraín (1985); and kindly provided by Mr. Oskar Juchnik, from Poland, Eugênio de Araújo Sales (1969); and Mario Revollo Bravo (1988).

• December 26
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Sergius III (904-911) in 907 (III).

• December 26
  On December 26, the Vatican Press Office issued a communique from its director, Father Federico Lombardi, S.J., concerning the general condition of Cardinal Roger Etchegaray, indicating that it is good, and that the doctors will decide if they will be able to proceed with the operation tomorrow morning, Sunday 27. If everything goes as planned, the Vatican Press Office will inform about the operation results at the end of the morning.
  Visitors witness the serenity and the high spirits of the cardinal, who offers his prayers for the pope and looks optimistically to the surgery.
  As for the young author of the incident on Thursday evening - as already mentioned - she is still subject to compulsory medical treatment and the case remains under the jurisdiction of the Vatican judiciary system. In the coming days, the Promoter of Justice will take into account the reports of the doctors and the Vatican Gendarmerie, and will assess the possible next steps. In Crónica - 2009

• December 25
  Communique from the director of the Holy See Press Office, Rev. Father Federico Lombardi, S.J.
  Last night during the entrance procession of the celebration (of Christmas Eve Mass at St. Peter's basilica), an unbalanced person - Susanna Maiolo, 25 years old, with Italian and Swiss citizenship - passed the barricade and, despite the intervention of security, managed to reach the Holy Father and to grab the pallium, making him lose his balance and slide to the ground. The pope was able to quickly get up and resume the procession and the celebration was held without any other problem.
  Unfortunately in the confusion that was caused, Cardinal Roger Etchegaray fell and fractured the neck of a femur. He has been hospitalized and his condition is good, but should undergo an operation in the coming days.
  Susanna Maiolo, who was not armed but shows signs of psychological imbalance, was admitted to a health facility, to be subjected to compulsory medical treatment.
  As for the Holy Father, the program of celebrations is confirmed without modification.
  The Washington Post added that Fr. Lombardi indicated that the woman "was the same person who tried to jump a barricade to get close to the pope at last year's Christmas Mass."
  Cardinal Etchegaray will be operated on in the coming days at Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome. After the incident, the cardinal was taken from the basilica in a wheelchair. Despite the fracture, his condition was ''good,'' Fr. Lombardi reported. The cardinal received several high-ranking visitors Friday at his hospital bedside, including Pope Benedict XVI's personal secretary, Monsignor Georg Gaenswein, and Cardinal Angelo Sodano, secretary of State emeritus and dean of the College of Cardinals, who reported that Cardinal Etchegaray was ''serene as always and hopes after this little operation to return home soon to continue his work."

• December 24
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Sergius III (904-911) in 906 (II).

• December 23
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Sergius III (904-911) in 904 (I).

• December 22
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John X (914-928) in a promotion celebrated at an unknown date (III).

• December 21
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John X (914-928) in 928 (II).

• December 20
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John X (914-928) in 914 (I).

• December 19
  Pope Benedict XVI received in private audience Angelo Amato, S.D.B., titular archbishop of Sila, prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints. During the audience, the pope authorized the congregation to promulgate decrees concerning the heroic virtues of the Servant of God Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli), supreme pontiff, born in Rome on March 2, 1876 and died in Castelgandolfo on October 9, 1958; and the Servant of God John Paul II (Karol Wojtyła), supreme pontiff, born on May 18, 1920 in Wadowice, Poland, and died in Rome on April 2, 2005. They both received the title of "Venerable". In the same audience the pope authorized the promulgation of additional decrees concerning miracles, martyrdom and heroic virtues of nineteen priests, religious men and women, and lay persons. In Crónica - 2009.

• December 19
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Leo VI (928-929) in a promotion celebrated at an unknown date (II).

• December 18
  Cardinal Josef Glemp, archbishop emeritus of Gniezno and Warsaw, Poland, turned eighty years old, and, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, lost the right to participate in the conclave. At the same time, he lost the title of primate of Poland as stipulated on December 6, 2006. The cardinal electors are now 112; 82 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 73, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 63 by Pope John Paul II and 6 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• December 17
  At 7:30 a.m., in the Chapel Redemptoris Mater, at the Vatican Apostolic Palace, Pope Benedict XVI presided a eucharistic celebration with the community of "Centro Aletti" of Rome, in the occasion of the 90th birthday of Cardinal Tomáš Špidlík, S.J., and recognizing his contribution to the theological dialogue between the East and West. The pontiff delivered the homily. The chapel, work of artist Marko Ivan Rupnik, S.J., priest of "Centro Aletti", was designed under the supervision of the cardinal. In Crónica - 2009.

• December 17
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Leo VI (928-929) in a promotion celebrated in 928 (I).

• December 16
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XI (931-936) in a promotion celebrated at an unknown date (I).

• December 15
  Seven links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinal created by Pope John XI (931-936); ten links about the cardinals created by Pope Leo VII (936-939); five links about the cardinals created by Pope Stephen VIII (IX) (939-942); eleven links about the cardinals created by Pope John XII (955-964); ten links about the cardinals created by Pope Benedict V (964); and sixty links about the cardinals created by Pope Gregory V (996-999) have been included in their entries, kindly provided by Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• December 14
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Leo VII (936-939) in a promotion celebrated at an unknown date (I).

• December 13
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Stephen VIII (IX) (939-942) in a promotion celebrated at an unknown date (II).

• December 12
  Thirteen links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Marinus II (942-946) have been included in their entries, kindly provided by Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• December 11
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of S. Sabina; S. Salvatore in Lauro; S. Tomaso in Parione; and SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• December 10
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Stephen VIII (IX) (939-942) in 941 (I).

• December 9
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Marinus II (942-946) in a promotion celebrated at an unknown date (I).

• December 8
  The list of cardinals who participated in the Roman Council of 853 has been added to Early lists of cardinals.

• December 7
  Cardinal Miloslav Vlk, archbishop of Prague, blessed a memorial statue of his predecessor Cardinal Josef Beran (1888-1969), victim of both Nazi and Communist regimes. In Crónica - 2009.

• December 7
  New or better images have been added to the biographical entries of Cardinals Christian August von Sachsen-Zeitz (1706); Philipp Krementz (1893), kindly provided by Mr. Lambert Stamer, from Giessen, Germany; Giovanni Bonzano (1922); Carlo Salotti (1933); Benjamín de Arriba y Castro (1946); Giacomo Violardo (1978); and kindly provided by Mr. Oskar Juchnik, from Poland, Joseph Cordeiro (1973); Avelar Brandão Villela (1973); Marco Cé (1979); Egano Righi-Lambertini (1979); Luigi Dadaglio (1985); and Virgilio Noè (1991).

• December 6
  Cardinalitial coats of arms from Araldica Vaticana have been linked to the biographical entries of the cardinals created in the 21st century.

• December 5
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Agapitus II (946-955) in 955 (III).

• December 4
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Agapitus II (946-955) in 948 (II).

• December 3
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Agapitus II (946-955) in 946 (I).

• December 2
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XII (955-964) in 964 (V).

• December 1
  Photographs and arms from Araldica Vaticana have been linked to the biographical entries of the cardinals created in the 20th century.

• November 30
  Biographical entries of the cardinals first documented in 963 (IV) during the pontificate of Pope John XII (955-964).

• November 29
  Information on the episcopal consecration of Cardinals Enrico Caetani (1585); Benedetto Giustiniani (1586); Ascanio Colonna (1586); Ottavio Paravicini (1591); Filippo Sega (1591); and Alfonso Michele Litta (1664), has been included in their respective biographical entries, kindly provided by Mr. Charles N. Bransom, Jr., director and editor of Revue des Ordinations Épiscopales, and creator of the site Apostolic Succession & Episcopal Lineages in the Roman Catholic Church.

• November 28
  On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the signature of the "Treaty of Peace and Friendship" between Chile and Argentina, the presidents of Chile, Michelle Bachelet Jeria, and Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, visited the Vatican, and were received in separate audiences by Pope Benedict XVI. In 1978, the mediation between the two countries by Cardinal Antonio Samorè, personal representative of Pope John Paul II, peacefully resolved the border controversy between them. The treaty was signed on October 18, 1984, in Casina Pio IV, in the Vatican gardens, in the presence of the Cardinal Secretary of State Agostino Casaroli. The presidents also met with Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State, who was accompanied by Dominique Mamberti, titular archbishop of Sagona, secretary for the Relations with the States. Later, the pope pronounced a discourse to the delegations of the presidents, gathered in Sala Clementina in the Vatican. After the meeting, the presidents went to the grotto of the Vatican basilica for a moment of prayer. They visited the tombs of Popes John Paul II and Paul VI and placed two wreaths. Successively, in Casina Pio IV, took place a commemorative act of the 25th anniversary of the treaty; in the conference hall, before unveiling a commemorative plaque of the event of 1984, the cardinal secretary of State and the presidents of Argentina and Chile delivered their respective discourses. In Crónica 2009.

• November 28
  The acts of the international meeting on "Baronio e le sue fonti", took place on November 27, 2009, in Palazzo Municipale in Sora, Italy. It was dedicated to the study of the composition of the Annales ecclesiastici of Cardinal Cesare Baronio, Orat. (1596). In Crónica - Noviembre 27, 2009.

• November 27
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of SS. Redentore a Val Melaina; SS. Redentore e S. Alfonso in Via Merulana; Regina Apostolorum; S. Roberto Bellarmino; S. Saturnino; S. Sebastiano alle Catacombe; S. Silvia; S. Simeone Profeta; S. Sofia a Via Boccea; Spirito Santo alla Ferratella; S. Teresa al Corso d'Italia; Trasfigurazione di Nostro Signore Gesù Cristo; S. Trifone; and S. Ugo, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• November 26
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of S. Pietro in Montorio; S. Pietro in Vincoli; S. Prassede; S. Prisca; and Ss. Quattro Coronati (Ss. IV Coronati), to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• November 25
  The Catalog of titles by Pietro Mallio, 12th century, has been added to Early lists of cardinals.

• November 24
  The Press Office of the Episcopal Conference of Bolivia announced that Cardinal Julio Terrazas Sandoval, C.SS.R., archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, had been reelected president of the conference the day before, during its 88th plenary assembly, celebrated in Cochabamba. He will occupy the post until 2012. In Crónica - Noviembre 23, 2009.

• November 23
  The new catalog Early lists of cardinals (in progress) has been established in the site.

• November 22
  Images of Cardinals Giuliano della Rovere (1471); Christopher Bainbridge (1511); Alessandro Campeggio (1551); Lorenzo Priuli (1596); Alessandro Ludovisi (1616); Ludovico Ludovisi (1621); Girolamo Colonna (1627); Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi (1645); Girolamo Boncompagni (1664); Angelo Maria Ranuzzi (1686); Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (1726); Domenico Silvio Passionei (1738); Vincenzo Malvezzi Bonfioli (1753); Andrea Negroni (1763); Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini (1766); José Francisco de Mendoça Valdereis (1788); and Anne-Louis-Henri de La Fare (1823) have been added to their biographical entries.

• November 20
  The book by Angelo Scelzo, undersecretary of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications and former deputy editor of the Vatican newspaper "L'Osservatore Romano", entitled Anche la Curia ha un'anima (napoletana). Vita del Cardinale Giuseppe Casoria (Città del Vaticano, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2009, 147 pages, Euro 12) was presented on the afternoon of Wednesday, November 18, 2009, at Vatican Radio. In the meeting, chaired by Fabio Zavattaro, intervened Piero Marini, titular archbishop of Martirano, president of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses, and the director emeritus of "L'Osservatore Romano", Mario Agnes. Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of College of Cardinals, sent a message read by Fr. Federico Lombardi, S.J., director of Vatican Radio. In Crónica - Noviembre 18, 2009.

• November 19
  The funeral of Patriarch Pavle, head of the Serbian Orthodox Church, was celebrated this morning in the cathedral of St. Sava in Belgrade. Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, led a Vatican delegation composed of Orlando Antonini, titular archbishop of Formia, apostolic nuncio in Serbia, and Fr. Milan Zust, assistant to the Eastern section of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity. The cardinal was the bearer of a message of condolence addressed by Pope Benedict XVI to Archbishop Amfilohije, metropolitan of Montenegro and Locum Tenens of the Patriarchal Throne of the Serbian Orthodox Church. In Crónica - Noviembre 19, 2009.

• November 17
  Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Douala, Cameroun, presented by Cardinal Christian Wiyghan Tumi, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The cardinal was succeeded by Archbishop Samuel Kleda, coadjutor of that archdiocese. In Crónica - Noviembre 17, 2009.

• November 15
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XII (955-964) in 961 (III).

• November 14
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo; S. Nicola fra le Immagini; S. Onofrio; S. Pancrazio fuori le mura; and Ss. Quirico e Giulitta, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• November 13
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XII (955-964) in 960 (II).

• November 12
  Additional information, mostly concerning their death and burial, has been included in the biographical entries of Cardinals Gustav Adolf Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst (1866); Domenico Consolini (1866); Adolphe-Louis-Albert Perraud, Orat. (1893); Luigi Tripepi (1901); Pietro Gasparri (1907); Louis-Henri Luçon (1907); Francis Aidan Gasquet, O.S.B. (1914); Giuseppe Mori (1922); Franz Ehrle, S.J. (1922); Giovanni Battista Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano (1923); Pedro Segura y Sáenz (1927); Jozef-Ernest van Roey (1927); Félix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau, O.P. (1927); Pietro Fumasoni Biondi (1933); Maurilio Fossati , O.Ss.C.G.N. (1933); Theodor Innitzer (1933); Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve, O.M.I. (1933); Federico Cattani Amadori (1935); Nicola Canali (1935); John Joseph Glennon (1946); Jósef Mindszenty (1946); Juan Gualberto Guevara (1946); Edward Aloysius Mooney (1946); Teodósio Clemente de Gouveia (1946); Francis Joseph Spellman (1946); Celso Costantini (1953); Stefan Wyszyński (1953); Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (1953); Giovanni Battista Montini (1958); Paul-Marie Richaud (1958); Laurean Rugambwa (1960); Antonio Bacci (1960); Joseph Elmer Ritter (1961); Juan Landázuri Ricketts, O.F.M. (1962); Maximos IV Saigh, M.S.S.P. (1965); William John Conway (1965); Patrick Aloysius O'Boyle (1967); Karol Wojtyła (1967); Paul Yü Pin (1969); Vicente Enrique y Tarancón (1969); Silvio Oddi (1969); Giacomo Violardo (1969); Terence James Cooke (1969); Jean Daniélou, S.J. (1969); Joseph Cordeiro (1973); Juan Carlos Aramburu (1976); Joseph Marie Trinh-Nhu-Khuê (1976); František Tomášek (1976); Gerald Emmett Carter (1979); Luigi Dadaglio (1985); Lucas Moreira Neves, O.P. (1988); Franz Hengsbach (1988); and Aloysius Matthew Ambrozic (1998), provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta.

• November 11
  On the occasion of the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Cardinal Guglielmo Massaia, O.F.M.Cap. (1884), the restored film Abuna Messias, based on the cardinal's life, directed by Goffredo Alessandrini (1939); and the new documentary Guglielmo Massaja, by the distinguished director Paul Damosso, made by Nova-t of the Capuchin Province of Turin, were presented on November 10, 2009, at "Museo del cinema" in Turin. The restoration of the 1939 film was made by "Cineteca Nazionale del film". In Crónica - Noviembre 10, 2009.

• November 10
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XII (955-964) in 956 (I).

• November 9
  On October 23, 2009, it was announced, during the 18th general congregation of the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, that the following cardinals had been elected members of the Special Council for Africa of the the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops: Wilfrid Fox Napier, O.F.M., archbishop of Durban, South Africa; Francis Arinze, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments; Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson, archbishop of Cape Coast, Ghana, president of the Association of Episcopal Conferences of Occidental Africa (A.C.E.A.O.); Théodore-Adrien Sarr, archbishop of Dakar, Sénégal, second vice president of the Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (S.C.E.A.M.); and John Njue, archbishop of Nairobi, president of the Episcopal Conference of Kenya. In Crónica - Octubre 23, 2009.

• November 8
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict V (964-965) in 965 (II).

• November 7
  Due to the testing of the Disaster recovery process conducted by the Division of Information Technology of Florida International University, it was not possible to update the website "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church".

• November 6
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict V (964-965) in 964 (I).

• November 5
  Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Sevilla, Spain, presented by Cardinal Carlos Amigo Vallejo, O.F.M., in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. He was succeeded by Archbishop Juan José Asenjo Pelegrina, until then coadjutor of the same archdiocese. In Crónica - Noviembre 5, 2009.

• November 5
  Pope Benedict XVI celebrated a cappella papale in suffrage of all the cardinals and bishops who have died in the course of the year. The Holy Mass took place on Thursday November 5, 2009, at 11:30 a.m., in the Altar of the Chair in the papal Vatican basilica.

• November 4
  New or better images have been added to the biographical entries of Cardinals Mark Sittich von Hohenems (1561); Gian Girolamo Albani (1570); Vincenzo Lauro (1583); Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini (1593); Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1621); Antonio Barberini, iuniore, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1627); Carlo Rossetti (1643); Francesco Angelo Rapaccioli (1643); Flavio Chigi, seniore (1657); Augustyn Michał Stefan Radziejowski (1686); Jan Kazimierz Denhoff (1686); Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn Bushein (1713); Silvio Valenti Gonzaga (1738); Gaetano Stampa (1739); Francisco Javier Delgado Venegas (1778); Charles Januarius Acton (1839); François-Nicholas-Madeleine Morlot (1853); Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert, O.M.I. (1873); Frédéric-François-Xavier Ghislain de Mérode (quasi cardinal); Giovanni Urbani (1958); Ignatius Kung Pin-mei (1979); and Raffaele Farina, S.D.B. (2007).

• November 3
  On November 19, 2009, the Pontifical Gregorian University, the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity and the Center Pro Unione will celebrate the centennial of the birth of Cardinal Johannes Willebrands (1909-2009), with a Colloquium that will take place at 9 a.m., in the Aula Magna of the university. The international conference presentations will be in English, French and Italian. In Crónica - Noviembre 19, 2009.

• November 2
  Fourteen links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Benedict VII (974-983); thirty six links about the cardinals created by Pope John XIII (965-972); and twelve links about the cardinals created by Pope John XV (985-996) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• November 1
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XIII (965-972) in 972 (III).

• October 31
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of Natività di Nostro Signore Gesù Cristo a Via Gallia;  Ss. Nome di Maria a Via Latina;  Nostra Signora de La Salette;  Nostra Signora del SS. Sacramento e Santi Martiri Canadesi;  Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario;  Nostra Signora di Guadalupe e S. Filippo Martire in Via Aurelia;  S. Paolo della Croce a "Corviale";  S. Patrizio;  Ss. Pietro e Paolo a Via Ostiense;  S. Pio X alla Balduina;  Preziossisimo Sangue di Nostro Signore Gesù Cristo; and Ss. Protomartiri a Via Aurelia Antica, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• October 30
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XIII (965-972) in 970 (II).

• October 29
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XIII (965-972) in 969 (I).

• October 28
  The Vatican Information Service (VIS) reported that Pope Benedict XVI will make a pastoral visit to the Italian towns of Brescia and Concesio on Sunday, 8 November, according to a communique of the Holy See Press Office.
  
  The Holy Father will take off from Ciampino Airport in Rome at 8:30 and will land an hour later at the Alfredo Fusco Military Airport in Ghedi (Brescia). He will then make a private visit to the parish church of Botticino Sera where he will venerate the mortal remains of St. Arcangelo Tadini. He will then visit the cathedral of Brescia and, at 10:30, concelebrate Holy Mass and pray the Angelus in Paul VI Square. In the afternoon he will meet with the organizers of the visit at the Paul VI Pastoral Center. At 16:45 he will go to the house in Concesio where Pope Paul VI was born and to the institute's new site dedicated to the Populorum Progressio pope.
  
  At 5:30 p.m., in the Vittorio Montini Auditorium of the Paul VI Institute in Concesio, he will give a speech during the official conference for the inauguration of the institute's new site and the presentation of the Pope Paul VI International Prize. The prize will be awarded to the collection of books published by Sources Chrétiennes. At 6:15 p.m., the pope will visit St. Anthony's parish in Concesio, where Giovanni Battista Montini (future Pope Paul VI) was baptized, and will give an address. Pope Benedict XVI will return at 7:00 p.m. from the airport of Brescia and will land at Ciampino Airport one hour later where he will be then be taken back to the Vatican. In Crónica - Noviembre 8, 2009.

• October 24
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of S. Maria in Ara Coeli; S. Maria in Traspontina; S. Maria in Via; and S. Maria sopra Minerva, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• October 27
  Starting on Friday, November 6 through Sunday November 8, 2009, the Division of Information Technology of Florida International University will be testing its Disaster recovery process on several systems. Accordingly, the website "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church" will be unavailable or have intermittent service outages.

• October 27
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict VII (974-983) in a promotion celebrated at an unknown date (IV).

• October 26
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict VII (974-983) in 982 (III).

• October 25
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict VII (974-983) in 981 (II).

• October 24
  Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation by reasons of age presented by Cardinal Renato Raffaele Martino from the charge of president of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax, and named Cardinal Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson, until then archbishop of Cape Coast, Ghana, as the new president. In Crónica - Octubre 24, 2009.

• October 24
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro; S. Marcello; S. Marco; S. Maria del Popolo; and S. Matteo in Merulana, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• October 23
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict VII (974-983) in 975 (I).

• October 22
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XIV (983-984) in 984 (I).

• October 21
  Pope Benedict XVI named Manuel Monteiro de Castro, titular archbishop of Benevento, secretary of the College of Cardinals; he is also secretary of the Congregation for Bishops. In Crónica - Octubre 21, 2009.

• October 20
  The Second session of the International Conference "Paul Cullen and his World" will take place in the Pontifical Irish College, Rome, October 23 to 25, 2009. The first session was held in St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin, September 11 and 12, 2009.

• October 20
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XV (985-996) at an unknown date (VI).

• October 19
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XV (985-996) in 996 (V).

• October 18
  Additional biographical information has been included in the entries of Cardinals Friedrich von Sachsen (1001); Mainardo, O.S.B.Cas. (1049); Humbert, O.S.B. (1051); Bennone (1057); Attone (1063); Pietro Atenolfo, O.S.B.Cas. (1065); Alberto, O.S.B. (1070); Pietro Damiano, iuniore, O.S.B.Cam. (1076); [Pseudocardinal] Teodorico (1095); Offo (1099); Ottone (1099); [Pseudocardinal] Tiderico (1099); Albéric, O.S.B.Clun. (1138); Imar, O.S.B. (1142); Giovanni Conti (1158); Giovanni (1185); Pietro Gallozia (1190); Bobone (1193); Matteo (1200); Angelo (1212); Romano Bonaventura (1216); Niccolò Conti di Segni (1228); and Riccardo Annibaldi (1237), provided by Mr. Tomasz Karlikowski, from Poznań, Poland.

• October 17
  Presided over by Angelo Amato, S.D.B., titular archbishop of Sila, prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, as representative of Pope Benedict XVI, took place in the metropolitan and primatial cathedral of Toledo, Spain, the ceremony of beatification of Cardinal Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás, archbishop of that see from 1898 to 1909. Present were Cardinals Francisco Álvarez Martínez, archbishop emeritus of Toledo; Antonio Cañizares Llovera, prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments and archbishop emeritus of Toledo; Antonio María Rouco Varela, archbishop of Madrid and president of the Spanish Episcopal Conference; Agustín García Gasco, archbishop emeritus of Valencia, Spain; and Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez, archbishop of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and primate of the Americas. Also present were civil authorities such as the president of the Congress, José Bono; the president of the Junta de Comunidades of Castilla-La Mancha, José Marí Barreda; the president of the Popular Party in Castilla-La Mancha and secretary general of the party, María Dolores de Cospedal; the mayor of Toledo, Emiliano García-Page; and the president of the Privincial Deputation, José Manuel Tofiño. In Crónica - Octubre 18, 2009.

• October 17
  On October 16, 2009, the Agustinianum Patristic Institute conferred a doctorate honoris causa in Theology and Patristic Science on Cardinal Raffaele Farina, archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church. The ceremony took place in the presence of Fr. Robert Dodaro, president of the Institute; Fr. Robert Prevost, prior general of the Order of Saint Augustine; and Salvatore Rino Fisichella, titular archbishop of Voghenza, president of the Pontifical Academy for Life and rector magnifico of the Pontifical Lateran University. In Crónica - Octubre 16, 2009.

• October 16
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of S. Maria degli Angeli; S. Maria della Pace; S. Maria della Vittoria; and S. Maria Nuova (later S. Francesca in Foro Romano), to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• October 15
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XV (985-996) in 995 (IV).

• October 14
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XV (985-996) in 993 (III).

• October 13
  The Catholic news agency ACI Prensa reported that the mayor of Toledo, Emiliano García-Page, and the archbishop of Toledo and primate of Spain, Braulio Rodríguez Plaza, signed an agreement by which both institutions, city hall and the archdiocese, will collaborate in the celebration of the beatification of Cardinal Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás, archbishop of that city from 1898 to 1909, installing a sculptural group, by Pedro Requejo, honoring the work and figure of the future blessed. The sculpture, which will be placed in the "Plaza de Juan de Mariana", represents the cardinal walking down a street of Toledo, and will have on both sides two accompanying figures, a boy and a man begging, emphasizing the work of Cardinal Sancha with the needy. The beatification ceremony will take place in the metropolitan and primatial cathedral of Toledo on Sunday October 18, 2009. In Crónica - Octubre 13, 2009.

• October 12
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of  S. Marco in Agro Laurentino;  S. Maria ai Monti;  S. Maria Consolatrice al Tiburtino (Casal Bertone);  S. Maria della Presentazione;  S. Maria della Salute a Primavalle;  S. Maria della Speranza;  S. Maria delle Grazie a Via Trionfale;  S. Maria Domenica Mazzarello;  S. Maria Immacolata di Lourdes a Boccea;  S. Maria in Montserrato degli Spagnoli;  S. Maria in Vallicella;  S. Maria Madre della Provvidenza a Monte Verde;  S. Maria Madre del Redentore a Tor Bellamonica;  S. Maria "Regina Mundi" a Torre Spaccata;  S. Maria "Regina Pacis" a Monte Verde;  S. Maria "Regina Pacis" in Ostia mare; and  Ss. Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• October 11
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XV (985-996) in 988 (II).

• October 10
  Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of Cardinals Mario Bolognetti (1743); Giovanni Battista Mesmer (1747); Antonio Andrea Galli, Can. Reg. del Ssmo. Salvatore Lat. (1753); Luigi Maria Torrigiani (1753); Pietro Francesco Bussi (1759); Pietro Girolamo Guglielmi (1759); Pietro Paolo Conti (1759); Giovanni Costanzio Caracciolo (1759); Nicolò Perelli (1759); Saverio Canali (1766); Benedetto Veterani (1766); Mario Marefoschi Compagnoni (1770); Francesco D'Elci (1773); Bernardino de' Vecchi (1775); Gregorio Salviati (1777); Vincenzo Maria Altieri (1777); Romoaldo Guidi (1778); Raniero Finocchietti (1782); Giovanni De Gregorio (1785); Paolo Massei (1785); Francesco Carrara (1785); Filippo Campanelli (1789), and Filippo Lancellotti (1794), provided by Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• October 9
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XV (985-996) in 985 (I).

• October 8
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of  S. Girolamo dei Croati (degli Schiavoni);  S. Lorenzo in Damaso;  S. Lorenzo in Lucina; and S. Lorenzo in Panisperna, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• October 7
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory V (996-999) in 998 (III).

• October 5
  New bibliographic items added to the site during the months of July to September 2009.

• October 5
  Links have been established from the list of the 161 occupants of the suburbicarian see of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto, from 997 to 2009, to their respective biographical entries.

• October 4
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Gregory V (996-999) in 997 (II).

• October 3
  Cardinal Jozef Tomko, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, will be special papal envoy to the conclusive celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the evangelization of Taiwan, which will take place in Taipei on November 22, 2009. In Crónica - Noviembre 22, 2009.

• October 2
  The Vatican Press Office published the list of participants in the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, which includes thirty three cardinals. In Crónica - Octubre 2, 2009.

• October 2
  Cardinal Paul Cordes, president of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum, was recognized for his theological contributions with the award of an honorary doctorate from the Theological Faculty of the Catholic University of Lublin, Poland. In Crónica - Octubre 2, 2009.

• October 1
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of  S. Giovanni a Porta Latina and Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• September 30
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory V (996-999) in 996 (I).

• September 29
  Twenty two links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Sylvester II (999-1003); fourteen about the cardinals created by Pope John XVIII (1003-1009); thirty eight links about the cardinals created by Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024); and fourteen links about the cardinals created by Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044; 1045; 1047-1048) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• September 28
  With the completion of the biographical entries of the cardinals and pseudocardinals of the 11th century, 3,742 (89%) of the 4,196 names identified in the site now have biographical entries. As of today, the site contains a millennium, 999-2009, of biographical information on the cardinals.

• September 27
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Sylvester II (999-1003) in 1001 (II).

• September 26
  Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the following cardinals: Bernard Maciejowski (1604); Pierre Bérulle, Orat. (1627); Andrea Negroni (1763); Simone Buonaccorsi (1763); Luigi Ercolani (1816); Joseph Hergenrörother (1879); Carlo Laurenzi (1880); Francesco Battagliani (1885); Rufino Jiao Santos (1960); and Charles Journet (1965), taken from new bibliographic sources included in their entries.

• September 25
  Catalog of cardinals who resigned the cardinalate (1449-1927).

• September 24
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Sylvester II (999-1003) in 1000 (I).

• September 23
  Pope Benedict XVI named members of the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, which will take place from October 4 to 25, 2009, at Vatican City, Cardinals Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals; Péter Erdö, archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest, Hungary, president of the Consilium Conferentiarum Episcoporum Europae (C.C.E.E.); and André Vingt-Trois, archbishop of Paris, president of the Conference of Bishops of France. In Crónica - 2009.

• September 22
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of  S. Gabriele Arcangelo all'Acqua Traversa;  S. Gerardo Maiella;  Gesù Divin Lavoratore;  Gesù Divin Maestro alla Pineta Sacchetti;  S. Gioacchino ai Prati di Castello;  Ss. Gioacchino ed Anna al Tuscolano;  S. Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini;  S. Giovanni Battista de' Rossi;  S. Giovanni Crisostomo a Monte Sacro Alto;  S. Giovanni Evangelista a Spinaceto;  Ss. Giovanni Evangelista e Petronio;  S. Giuseppe all'Aurelio;  S. Giustino;  Gran Madre di Dio;  S. Gregorio Barbarigo alle Tre Fontane;  S. Gregorio Magno alla Magliana Nuova;  S. Gregorio VII;  Immacolata al Tiburtino;  Immacolata Concezione di Maria a Grottarossa;  S. Leone I;  S. Liborio;  S. Luca a Via Prenestina;  S. Lucia a Piazza d'Armi;  S. Luigi dei Francesi;  S. Luigi Grignion de Montfort, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• September 21
  ZENIT, The World seen from Rome, the international news agency, reported that Cardinal Paul Shan Kuo-hsi, S.J., bishop emeritus of Kaohsiung and former president of the Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference in Taiwan, has received the Presidential Award for Peace in Taiwan for his contribution to peace and ethnic harmony. The announcement was made on September 14, 2009, by the country's National Cultural Association. At 85 years old and faced with a serious cancer of the pancreas, the cardinal has been devoted recently to encourage others to face life with courage, through a tour of the diocese of Taiwan. Recently, he visited the victims of Typhoon Morak, which last August left more than 500 deaths and property damage. Cardinal Shan said he felt greatly honored to receive this award, according to the Taipei Times newspaper. Among the presidential award winners this year of culture is also the NGO Good Shepherd Social Welfare Service, the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, dedicated to the care of battered teenagers and prostitutes. The Taiwanese President, Ma Ying-jeou, will present the awards at a ceremony on November 1 in the town of Wufeng (Taichung). Winners will receive a certificate and a gift of almost 21,000 euros. In Crónica - 2009.

• September 20
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XVII (1003) in 1003 (I).

• September 19
  Links have been established from the cardinalitial obituaries of the following pontificates and vacant sees: Popes Gregory XV (1621-1623); Urban VIII (1623-1644); Vacant See (1644); Innocent X (1644-1655); Vacant See (1655); Alexander VII (1655-1667); Vacant See (1667); Clement IX (1667-1669); Vacant See (1669-1670); Clement X (1670-1676); Vacant See (1676); Innocent XI (1676-1689); Vacant See (1689); Alexander VIII (1689-1691); Vacant See (1691); and Innocent XII (1691-1700), to their respective biographical entries.

• September 18
  The Boston Globe announced today that the Archdiocese of Boston asked a court yesterday for permission to disinter the entombed body of Cardinal William Henry O'Connell, who was archbishop of that see from 1907 until 1944, and relocate his remains from the small chapel he had built on the grounds of St. John's Seminary of Boston (on land that the seminary sold to the archdiocese and the archdiocese then sold to Boston College in 2004) to the grounds of the suburban St. Sebastian's School, which the cardinal founded in 1941. In Crónica - 2009.

• September 17
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XVIII (1003-1009) in 1005 (II).

• September 16
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XVIII (1003-1009) in 1004 (I).

• September 15
  The Vatican Information Service (VIS) informed that this morning, in the Holy See Press Office, a conference was held to present the forthcoming second award of the Van Thuân Prize and of the Van Thuân - Solidarity and Development Prizes. Participating in today's meeting were Cardinal Renato Martino, president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace and Msgr. Marco Frisina, director of the choir of the diocese of Rome and author of a composition in honour of Cardinal Van Thuân entitled: "Sentieri della speranza" (Paths of Hope). The "Van Thuân Prize" is awarded to people who have distinguished themselves in the promotion and defence of human rights.
  
  The award ceremony itself will take place tomorrow, September 16, at Palazzo Colonna in Rome, on the seventh anniversary of the death of Cardinal François- Xavier Nguyên Van Thuân, whose beatification cause was opened in 2007. The Vietnamese cardinal was Cardinal Martino's predecessor at the head of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace.
  
     The 2009 Van Thuân Prize will be awarded to Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg for his efforts to defend the right to life and religious freedom.
     The Van Thuân - Solidarity and Development Prizes, to the value of 15,000 euros each, will be given to four humanitarian projects:
     - The Skills Development Centre for the Blind run by Fr. Carlo Velardo, S.D.B. in Pakkred, Thailand.
     - The ALAS project of the "Caminos de Libertad" Foundation in the archdiocese of Bogotá, Colombia, for the building of a national centre for pastoral care in penitentiaries.
     - The Non-profit Organization "Cooperazione Missionaria e Sviluppo" run by Msgr. Andrea Vece at the Our Lady of Fátima parish in Salerno, Italy.
     - "ROCHER L'oasis des citès", an association dedicated to educational and social projects at the service of inhabitants of "difficult" neighbourhoods of French cities. In Crónica - 2009.

• September 15
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the deaconries of S. Nicola in Carcere;  Ss. Sergio e Bacco;  S. Teodoro;  and  Ss. Vito e Modesto, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• September 14
  New or better images have been added to the biographical entries of Cardinals Adam Easton, O.S.B. (1381) (© Even Handed Licensing Limited); Jan Olbracht Wazy, S.J. (1629); Baccio Aldobrandini (1652); Jean-François-Paul de Gondi de Retz (1652); Friedrich von Hessen-Darmstadt, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1652); César d' Estrées (1671); Imre Csáky (1717); Tomás de Almeida (1737); Carlo Rezzonico, iuniore (1758); François-Joachim de Pierres de Bernis (1758); Jean-François-Joseph Rochechouart (1761); Louis-René-Eduard de Rohan-Guéménée (1778); Giorgio Doria Pamphilj (1816); Carlos da Cunha e Menezes (1819); Joseph Hergenröther (1879); Tommaso Maria Zigliara, O.P. (1879); Joaquim Arcoverde Albuquerque Cavalcanti (1905).

• September 13
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Sergius IV (1010-1012) in 1012 (II).

• September 12
  Information on the episcopal consecrations of Cardinals Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere (1503); Antonio Ferrero (1505); Gabriele de' Gabrielli (1505); Zbynék Berka z Dubé a Liepé (quasi cardinal); Fabrizio Verallo (1608); Giambattista Leni (1608); Lanfranco Margotti (1608); Francesco Vendramin (1615); Roberto Ubaldini (1615); Melchior Klesl (1615); Camillo Astalli-Pamphilj (1650); Marcello Santacroce (1652); Friedrich von Hessen-Darmstadt, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1652); Carlo Pio, iuniore (1654); Carlo Gualterio (1654); and Antonio Bichi (1657), has been included in their respective biographical entries, provided by Mr. Charles N. Bransom, Jr., director and editor of Revue des Ordinations Épiscopales, and creator of the site Apostolic Succession & Episcopal Lineages in the Roman Catholic Church.

• September 11
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of  S. Callisto;  S. Cecilia;  S. Clemente;  S. Crisogono;  S. Croce in Gerusalemme;  Ss. XII (Dodici) Apostoli; and  S. Eusebio, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• September 10
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Sergius IV (1010-1012) in 1010 (I).

• September 10
  Information on the episcopal consecrations of Cardinals Francesco Angelo Rapaccioli (1643); Cesare Facchinetti (1643); Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni (1643); Carlo Rossetti (1643); Giovanni Stefano Donghi (1643); and Paolo Emilio Rondinini (1643), has been included in their respective biographical entries, provided by Mr. Charles N. Bransom, Jr., director and editor of Revue des Ordinations Épiscopales, and creator of the site Apostolic Succession & Episcopal Lineages in the Roman Catholic Church.

• September 9
  The International Conference "Paul Cullen and his World" will take place in St Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin, September 11 and 12, 2009; and at the Pontifical Irish College, Rome, October 23 to 25, 2009.

• September 9
  Cardinal Sancha, Archbishop of Toledo, 1:52 min. YouTube biographical video produced by cnatv.

• September 9
  In the general audience celebrated at 10:30 a.m. in the Paul VI Hall at the Vatican, Pope Benedict XVI continued the cycle of catechesis dedicated to the great Writers of the Oriental and Occidental Church in the Middle Ages, and dedicated today's catechesis to Cardinal St. Pietro Damiano, O.S.B.Cam. (1058). In Crónica - 2009.

• September 9
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of  S. Camillo de Lellis agli Orti Sallustiani;  S. Carlo ai Catinari;  S. Carlo al Corso;  S. Cesareo in Palatio;  S. Chiara a Vigna Clara;  S. Croce in Via Flaminia;  S. Cuore di Gesù agonizzante a Vitinia;  S. Cuore di Maria;  S. Emmerenziana a Tor Fiorenza;   S. Eufemia;  Ss. Fabiano e Venanzio a Villa Fiorelli;  S. Felice da Cantalice a Centocelle;  S. Francesco d'Assisi ad Acilia;  S. Francesco d'Assissi a Ripa Grande; and  S. Frumencio ai Prati Fiscale, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• September 8
  The Office of Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff announced today that the beatification of the Servant of God Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás, cardinal and archbishop of Toledo, Spain, and founder of the Institute of the Religious of Charity of Cardinal Sancha, will take place on the following Sunday October 18, in the metropolitan cathedral of Toledo. In Crónica - 2009.

• September 7
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024) at an unknown date (VII).

• September 6
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of  S. Agostino; S. Anastasia; S. Balbina; and S. Bartolomeo all'Isola, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• September 5
  The Vatican Press Office announced today that Pope Benedict XVI will celebrate a cappella papale in suffrage of all the cardinals and bishops who have died in the course of a year. The mass will take place on Thursday November 5, 2009, at 11:30 a.m., in the Altar of the Chair in the papal Vatican basilica. In Crónica - 2009.

• September 4
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024) in 1023 (VI).

• September 3
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024) in 1021 (V).

• September 2
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the titles of  S. Agnese fuori le mura;  S. Agnese in Agone; S. Alessio;  Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo;  S. Andrea al Quirinale;  S. Andrea della Valle;  S. Andrea delle Fratte;  Ss. Andrea e Gregorio al Monte Celio;  S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana;  S. Antonio da Padova in Via Tuscolana;  S. Antonio in Campo Marzio;  S. Apollinare;  Ss. Aquila e Priscilla;  S. Atanasio;  S. Atanasio a Via Tiburtina;   S. Barbara;  Beata Maria Vergine Addolorata a Piazza Buenos Aires;  Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo a Mostacciano;  S. Bernardo alle Terme Diocleziane;  S. Biagio dell'Anello; and  Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio, to their respective biographical entries. Also, a new lay out of the section has been set up to facilitate its navigation.

• September 1
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024) in 1020 (IV).

• August 31
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024) in 1015 (III).

• August 30
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the deaconries of  S. Maria in Cosmedin;  S. Maria in Domnica;   S. Maria in Portico Octaviae;  S. Maria in Portico Campitelli; and  S. Maria in Via Lata, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 29
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024) in 1014 (II).

• August 28
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the deaconries of  S. Giorgio in Velabro;  S. Lucia in Orphea (Orthea, Orfea) or in Silice;   S. Lucia in Septisolio or Septizonio;  S. Maria ad Martyres;  S. Maria della Scala; and  S. Maria in Aquiro, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 27
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the deaconries of  S. Filippo Neri in Eurosia;  S. Francesco di Paola ai Monti; S. Francesco Saverio alla Garbatella;  S. Giovanni Battista Decollato;  S. Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana;  S. Giovanni della Pigna;  S. Girolamo della Carità;  S. Giuliano dei Fiamminghi;  S. Giuseppe in Via Trionfale;  S. Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio;  S. Lino;  S. Lorenzo in Piscibus;  S. Lucia del Gonfalone;  S. Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana;  S. Maria della Mercede e Sant'Adriano a Villa Albani;   S. Maria delle Grazie alle Fornaci fuori Porta Cavallegeri;  S. Maria Liberatrice a Monte Testaccio;  S. Maria Odigitria dei Siciliani; and  S. Michele Arcangelo, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 26
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024) in 1012 (I).

• August 25
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the deaconries of  S. Adriano al Foro;  S. Angelo in Pescheria; and  Ss. Cosma e Damiano, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 24
  Links have been established from the list of occupants of the deaconries of  Annunciazione della Beata Vergine Maria in Via Ardeatina;  Dio Padre misericordioso;  Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola;  Immacolato Cuore della Beata Vergine Maria;  Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore;  Nostra Signora del Coromoto in S. Giovanni di Dio;  Ognissanti in Via Appia Nuova;  S. Agata de' Goti;  S. Agnese in Agone;  Ss. Angeli Custodi a Città Giardino;  S. Anselmo all'Aventino;  S. Apollinare alle Terme Nenroniane-Alessandrine;  S. Benedetto fuori Porta S. Paolo;  Ss. Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari;   S. Cesareo in Palatio;  Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re;  Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio;  Ss. Domenico e Sisto;  S. Elena fuori Porta Prenestina;  S. Eugenio; and  S. Eustachio, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 23
  Links have been established from the list of the 142 occupants of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, from 1020 to 2009, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 22
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XIX (1024-1032) in 1032 (IV).

• August 21
  Additional biographical information has been included in the entries of Cardinals Nicholas Wiseman (1850); Henry Edward Manning (1875); Zeferino González y Diaz Tuñón, O.P. (1884); Francis Patrick Moran (1885); Gaetano Aloisi Masella (1887); Andrea Carlo Ferrari (1894); Domenico Ferrata (1896); Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta (1903); Pio Armando Sabadel, O.F.M.Cap. (quasi cardinal); Denis Dougherty (1921); Alexis-Henri-Marie Lépicier, O.S.M. (1935); Camillo Caccia Dominioni (1935); John Joseph Glennon (1946); Joseph Frings (1946); Jan de Jong (1946); Alojzije Stepinac (1953); Gaetano Cicognani (1953); Valerian Gracias (1953); Giovanni Urbani (1958); Amleto Giovanni Cicognani (1958); Richard James Cushing (1958); William Godfrey (1958); John Francis O'Hara, C.S.C. (1958); Alberto di Jorio (1958); Rufino Jiao Santos (1960); Laurean Rugambwa (1960); Owen McCann (1965); William John Conway (1965); John Carmel Heenan (1965); Joseph-Léon Cardijn (1965); John Patrick Cody (1967); Patrick Aloysius O'Boyle (1967); Sebastiano Baggio (1969); John Joseph Carberry (1969); Terence James Cooke (1969); Mario Casariego y Acevedo, C.R.S. (1969); George Bernard Flahiff, C.S.B.. (1969); Mario Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano (1969); Timothy Manning (1973); Pietro Palazzini (1973); Eduardo Pironio (1976); Joseph Bernardin (1983); John Joseph O'Connor (1985); Hans Hermann Groër, O.S.B. (1988); Robert Coffy (1991); Vincenzo Fagiolo (1994); Francesco Colasuonno (1998); and François Xavier Nguyên Van Thuận (2001), provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta.

• August 20
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope John XIX (1024-1032) in 1029 (III).

• August 19
  New or better images have been added to the biographical entries of Cardinals Francesco Gonzaga (1461); Domenico Grimani (1493); Achille Grassi (1511); Marino Grimani (1527); Stanisław Hosius (1561); Guglielmo Sirleto (1565); Girolamo Bernerio, O.P. (1586) (courtesy of collection of Lorenzo Montoya); Bernard Maciejowski (1604); Zbynék Berka z Dubé a Liepé (quasi cardinal); Annibale Albani (1711); Raniero D'Elci (1737); Joaquín Fernández de Portocarrero Mendoza (1743); Marcello Crescenzi (1743); Johannes Joseph von Trautson (1756); Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti (1759); Thomas Weld (1830); Louis François-Auguste de Rohan Chabot (1830); Domenico Consolini (1866); Giulio Boschi (1901); Agostino Gaetano Riboldi (1901); Armando Pietro Sabadel, O.F.M.Cap. (quasi cardinal); and Cahal Brendan Daly (1991).

• August 18
  Cardinal Franc Rodé, C.M., prefect of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life, will be special papal envoy to the solemn celebrations of the twelfth centennial of the translation of the relics of Martyr Saint Trifone to Kotor, Montenegro, which will take place on October 17, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• August 17
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XIX (1024-1032) in 1026 (II).

• August 16
  Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the following cardinals: Adam Easton, O.S.B. (1381); Nicola Clarelli Parracciani (1844); Salvatore Nobili Vitelleschi (1875); Lörinc Schlauch (1893); Antonio Agliardi (1896); Giuseppe Francica-Nava di Bontifè (1899); Giulio Bevilacqua, Orat. (1965); Gaetano de Lai (1907); Armando Pietro Sabadel, O.F.M.Cap. (quasi cardinal); Bernard Griffin (1946); William Godfrey (1958); Josef Beran (1965); George Bernard Flahiff, C.S.B. (1969); Alfons Maria Stickler, S.D.B. (1985); Cahel Brendan Daly (1991), taken from new bibliographic sources included in their entries.

• August 15
  Links have been established from the list of the 160 occupants of the suburbicarian see of Porto-S. Rufina, from 1025 to 2009, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 14
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope John XIX (1024-1032) in 1025 (I).

• August 13
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044) in 1044 (VII).

• August 12
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044) in 1043 (VI).

• August 11
  Links have been established from the list of the 146 occupants of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, from 1026 to 2009, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 9
  Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044) in 1040 (V).

• August 8
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044) in 1037 (IV).

• August 7
  Links have been established from the list of the 146 occupants of the suburbicarian see of Albano, from 1049 to 2009, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 6
  Links have been established from the list of participants in the papal election of 1198, to their respective biographical entries. With this addition, all the catalogs of participants in the papal elections and conclaves celebrated between 1061 and 2005 have been linked to their biographical entries.

• August 5
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044) in 1036 (III).

• August 4
  Links have been established from the list of the 123 occupants of the suburbicarian see of Ostia, from 1021 to 2009, to their respective biographical entries.

• August 3
  Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044) in 1035 (II).

• August 2
  Links have been established from the list of participants in the papal election of 1191, to their respective biographical entries.

• On July 30, 2009, the Vatican Press Office announced that during his visit to Viterbo and Bagnoregio on September 6, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI will visit the cathedral of San Nicola of Bagnoregio, at 5:30 p.m., and will venerate the relics of Saint Bonaventura, O.F.M., cardinal and doctor of the Church. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Benedict IX (1032-1044) in 1033 (I).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the first and second papal elections of 1187, to their respective biographical entries.

• Additional information on the death, funeral or burial has been included in the biographical entries of Cardinals Benedetto Aloisi Masella (1946); Corrado Bafile (1976); Jean Balland (1998); Augustin Bea, S.J. (1959); Giovanni Benelli (1977); Josef Beran (1965); Louis Billé (2001); Francesco Borgongini Duca (1953); Agostino Casaroli (1979); Giovanni Colombo (1965); Ernesto Corripio Ahumada (1979); Celso Costantini (1953); Jean Daniélou, S.J. (1969); Joachim Degenhardt (2001); Vicente Enrique y Tarancón (1969); Vincenzo Fagiolo (1994); Angelo Felici (1988); George Bernard Flahiff, O.S.B. (1969) Bernardin Gantin (1977); Pierre-Marie Gerlier (1937); Norman Thomas Gilroy (1946); André Jullien, P.S.S. (1958); James Robert Knox (1973); Aloísio Lorscheider, O.F.M. (1976); Thomas McKeefry (1969); Jacques Martin (1988); Jakob Missia (1899); Umberto Mozzoni (1973); José da Costa Nunes (1962); Carlo Perosi (1926); Sergio Pignedoli (1973); Ugo Poletti (1973); Antonio Poma (1969); Luigi Raimondi (1973); António Ribeiro (1973); Carlo Salotti (1933); Raúl Silva Henríquez, S.D.B. (1962); Domenico Tardini (1958); Federico Tedeschini (1933); Eugène Tisserant (1936); Alexandru Todea (1991); Stepán Trochta, S.D.B. (1969); Augusto Vargas Alzamora, S.J. (1994); Jean Villot (1965); Joseph Wendel (1953); Thomas Joseph Winning (1994); John Baptist Wu (1988), provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory VI (1045-1046) in 1046 (II).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory VI (1045-1046) in 1045 (I).

• Cardinal Franc Rodé, C.M., prefect of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations for the millennium of the archdiocese of Alba Julia, Romania, which will take place on September 29, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Damasus II (1048) in 1048 (I).

• Forty links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Leo IX (1049-1054) have been included in their entries, provided by Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Leo IX (1049-1054) around 1054 (IV).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the papal election of 1181 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Leo IX (1049-1054) in 1051 (III).

• The diocese of Port-Louis, Mauritius, announced the program of the funeral of Cardinal Jean Margéot, bishop emeritus of that see, that will take place on Sunday July 19, 2009:

  The departure of the remains from the cathedral of Saint-Louis to Monument Marie-Reine-de-la-Paix
  Saint-Louis Cathedral will be closed to the public at 9:30 a.m. on Sunday July 19, 2009. Bishop Maurice E. Piat of Port-Louis, the priests of the diocese of Port-Louis, and the family of Cardinal Margéot, will meet in the cathedral at 10:30 a.m. for a prayer before the coffin leaves the church. At 11:00 a.m., the coffin will be placed in the vehicle of the SMF and will be escorted by (in the order): the orchestra of the police force the SMF); the cross; the relatives of the late cardinal; the priests; and the bishops. The procession will go to foot until the beginning of Labourdonnais street. Two lines of priests (Fathers Adrien Wiehe, Philippe Fanchette, Jacques Brown, Robert Bathfield, Jacques Harel, Robert Paved, Jocelyn Patient, Michel Boullé, Alex Perrine and Robert Jauffret) will flank the vehicle of the SMF. From there, the procession will go by bus until the corner of Desroches and Monseigneur Leen streets, to finish the way by foot. The coffin will be carried in procession and will be deposited in front of the crypt.

  The funeral mass at Monument Marie-Reine-de-la-Paix
  The public wishing to pay a last homage to the Cardinal Margéot is advised to go directly to Monument Marie-Reine-de-la-Paix to attend the funeral mass. Father Jocelyn Gregoire will conduct a time of prayer between 11:00 and 12:00 to help the public to collect itself. The mass of the funeral will begin at noon, in the presence of high dignitaries of the State of Mauritus. Bishop Piat will concelebrate the mass with Archbishop Augustine Kassuja, apostolic nuncio; Bishop Gilbert Aubry of Saint-Denis, La Réunion; Archbishop Odon Marie Arsè Razanakolona of Antananarivo, Madagascar; Bishop Denis Wiehe of Seychelles; and Mgr. Alain Harel, apostolic vicar of Rodrigues and cousin of the late cardinal; and the priests of the diocese. Among the key points of the mass will be the placing in silence of the Gospel on the coffin by Mgr Alain Harel; the first reading, which will be made by Mrs. Martine Ménagé, niece of the cardinal; the Gospel, which will be read by Mgr Jacques Harel; and the words of welcome and the homily, pronounced by Bishop Piat; the Ave Maria of Verdi will be sung by Mrs. Natasha Finette-Constantin. At end of the ceremony, the SMF will play the last post and there will be a salvo of honor.

  The return to Saint-Louis cathedral for the burial in the vault
  After the ceremony at Marie-Reine-de-la-Paix, the procession made up of the family and priests will get under way for the cathedral following the same route. According to an unmemorable custom of the Catholic Church, the bishop is buried in his cathedral. The cardinal will thus will be buried in a vault located in the choir of the cathedral. Let us stress that it is the first time that a Mauritian bishop is buried within the cathedral of Saint-Louis. Under the pavement of the choir there are already five bishops buried: Hankinson, Meurin, O' Neil, Bilsborrow and Leen. The burial will be done in the intimacy of the family of the cardinal and the priests of the diocese of Port-Louis. It should be noted that the public will not be allowed in the cathedral after the ceremony at Monument Marie-Reine-de-la-Paix. At the time of the burial in the vault, Mrs. Veronique Zuel Bungaroo will sing Pie Iesu of the Requiem of Weber.

• Cardinal Jean Margéot, bishop emeritus of Port-Louis, Mauritius, died on Friday July 17, 2009, at 9:40 a.m., local time, in his room in the pavillion situated in the convent of the Filles de Marie, Bonne-Terre, Vacoas. Although still mentally lucid, his health had deteriorated since the heart attack that he suffered back in 2005. He was a priest for 71 years, a bishop for 40, and a cardinal for 21. His body will be taken from his residence to the cathedral of St. Louis on Friday July 17, at 5 p.m., and there it will lay in state. The funeral mass is scheduled for Sunday, July 19, at noon, at the Shrine of Marie-Reine-de-la-Paix; the body of the cardinal will be taken from the cathedral at 11 a.m., accompanied by members of the SMF and the orchestra of the police. A national day of mourning has been decreed by the Republic of Mauritius for the occasion. Internment will follow in the crypt of the cathedral; only relatives and priests are to be present. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Bishop Maurice Piat of Port-Louis; and the family of the late cardinal. After his death, the total number of cardinals is 185. The cardinal non-electors are now 72, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 62 by Pope John Paul II and 6 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal electors are 113; 83 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the papal election of September 3 to 7, 1159 and the election of September 7, 1159, to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Leo IX (1049-1054) in 1050 (II).

• New bibliographic items added to the site during the months of April to June 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Leo IX (1049-1054) in 1049 (I).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the papal elections of 1153 and 1154, to their respective biographical entries.

• On July 8, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI thanked Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos, at the end of his service as president of the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei", and named Cardinal William Joseph Levada, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, as president of the same commission. On the same day, the motu proprio Ecclesia Unitatem, concerning that pontifical commission, dated July 2, 2009, was published. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Victor II (1055-1057) in a consistory celebrated in 1057 (II).

• A communique of the Vatican Press Office informed that on July 1 to 3, 2009, took place in Vatican City the 43rd meeting of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and and Economic Problems of the Holy See, presided by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., secretary of State.

  In attendance were Cardinals Joachim Meisner, archbishop of Cologne, Germany; Antonio María Rouco Varela, archbishop of Madrid, Spain; Dionigi Tettamanzi, archbishop of Milan, Italy; Wilfrid Fox Napier, O.F.M., archbishop of Durban, South Africa; Anthony Olubunmi Okogie, archbishop of Lagos, Nigeria; Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, Opus Dei, archbishop of Lima, Perú; George Pell, archbishop of Sydney, Australia; Marc Ouellet, P.S.S., archbishop of Québec, Canada; Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino, archbishop of Caracas, Venezuela; Gaudencio B. Rosales, archbishop of Manila, Philippines; Nicholas Cheong Jinsuk, archbishop of Seoul, South Korea; Odilo Pedro Scherer, archbishop of São Paulo, Brazil; and Agostino Vallini, vicar general of His Holiness for the diocese of Rome.

  The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See was represented by its president, Velasio De Paolis, C.S., titular archbishop of Telepte; its secretary, Vincenzo Di Mauro, titular bishop of Arpi; and its ragioniere generale, Dr. Stefano Fralleoni. Also present at the first session were the five international auditors.

  The Governatorate of the State of Vatican City and the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See were represented by Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo, president of the Cardinalitial Commission for the State of Vatican City and by Cardinal Attilio Nicora and Domenico Calcagno, archbishop-bishop emeritus of Savona-Noli, respectively president and secretary of the Administration for the Patrimony of the Apostolic See.

  At the invitation of the cardinal secretary of State, were heard in the matter of their competence, the director general of Vatican Radio, Fr. Federico Lombardi, S.J., and Dr. Alberto Gasbarri, its administrative director.

  This was the agenda of the meeting: 1) Consolidated financial statements of the Holy See the year 2008; 2) Consolidated financial statements of the Governatorate of the State of Vatican City for 2008; 3) Peter's Pence and contributions according to canon 1271 of the Code of Canon Law, received in 2008.

  The session was open with the exposition of the international auditors, who expressed their assessment of the budget and the organizational structure of the competent offices. It was followed by an ample discussion.

  Archishop De Paolis presented the Consolidated financial statements 2008 of the Holy See, which showed a deficit of 911,514 Euros; the Consolidated financial statements 2008 of the Governatorate showed a deficit of 15,313,124 Euros.

  At the service of the Holy See work 2,732 persons, of which 761 are ecclesiastics, 334 religious (246 men and 88 women), and 1,637 lay people (1.199 men and 438 women). In the State of Vatican City work 1,894 persons, of which 31 religious men, 28 religious women, 1,558 lay men and 277 lay women.

  The contributions to the Peter's Pence amounted to US$ 75,785,574, the major contributors being the United States of America, Italy and Germany; significant, in relation to the number of Catholics, were the contributions from South Korea and Japan. The contributions according to canon 1271 of the Code of Canon Law totaled 20,980,140 Euros, with Germany and the United States of America as the major donors.

• Cardinal Joachim Meisner, archbishop of Cologne, Germany, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations marking the 12th centennial of the death of Saint Ludger, first bishop of Münster and "Apostle of the Saxons and Frisians", which will take place in Werden an der Ruhr, diocese of Essen, Germany, on September 6, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• On July 4, 2009, Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy and president of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, turned eighty years old, and, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, lost the right to participate in the conclave. The cardinal electors are now 113; 83 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 73, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 63 by Pope John Paul II and 6 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• On July 3, 2009, during a private audience with Angelo Amato, S.D.B., titular archbishop of Sila, prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, the pope authorized the congregation to promulgate several beatification decrees, among them the one concerning the miracle attributed to the intercession of the Venerable Servant of God John Henry Newman, English cardinal and founder of the Oratories of St. Philip Neri in England. In Crónica - 2009.

• On July 3, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation, presented by reason of age, from the charge of archpriest of the papal basilica of S. Paolo fuori le Mura, by Cardinal Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, and named to succeed him in that post Francesco Monterisi, titular archbishop of Alba marittima, until then secretary of the Congregation for Bishops, and of the College of Cardinals. In Crónica - 2009.

• On July 3, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation, presented by reason of age, from the charge of president of the Permanent Commission for the Protection of the Historic and Artistic Monuments of the Holy See, and president of the Office of Labor of the Apostolic See by Cardinal Francesco Marchisano, and named to succeed him in the latter charge Monsignor Giorgio Corbellini, until then vice-secretary general of the Governatorate of the State of Vatican City, raising him at the same time to the titular episcopal see of Abula. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Victor II (1055-1057) in a consistory celebrated in 1055 (I).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the papal elections of 1144 and 1145, to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Stephen IX (X) (1057-1058) in a consistory celebrated in 1058 (I).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the papal elections of 1118; 1119; 1124; 1130 (Pope Innocent II); 1130 (Antipope Anacletus II); and 1143, to their respective biographical entries.

• On June 25, 2009, Cardinal Francesco Marchisano, president emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Patrimony of the Church, president emeritus of the Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archeology, archpriest emeritus of the papal basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican, vicar general emeritus of His Holiness for Vatican City, president emeritus of the Fabric of St. Peter's basilica, and president of the Office of Labor of the Apostolic See, turned eighty years old, and, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, lost the right to participate in the conclave. The cardinal electors are now 114; 84 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 72, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 62 by Pope John Paul II and 6 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclaves of 1292-1294 and December 1294 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of Cardinals Baialardo (1120); Gregorio (1141); Milo (1160); Giovanni, O.S.B. (1168); Rainaldo, O.S.B.Cas. (1169); and Guglielmo, Can. Reg. of S. Maria di Reno (1173) have been added to the site. They were identified by Mr. Tomasz Karlikowski, Poznań, Poland, from the sources cited in the bibliographic section of their entries.

• Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, O.P., archbishop of Vienna, Austria, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the millennium of the diocese of Pécs, Hungary, which will take place on August 23, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• On June 18, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI named Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, papal delegate to the celebration for the ecclesiastical communion with Patriarch Ignace Youssef III Younan of Antioch of the Syrians, which took place on that day at the papal Librerian basilica, Rome. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1287-1288 to their respective biographical entries.

• New or better images have been added to the biographical entries of Cardinals Johannes Philipp von Lamberg (1700); Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn (1713); Sigismund von Kollonitsch (1727); Philip Ludwig von Sinzendorf (1727); Joseph Dominicus von Lamberg (1737); Johann Theodor von Bayern (1743); François-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise-Ventadour (1747); Johannes Joseph von Trautson (1756); Franz Konrad Casimir von Rodt (1756); Christoph Anton von Migazzi von Waal und Sonnenthurn (1761); Franz Christoph von Hutten (1761); Costantino Patrizi Naro (1834); Jean-Louis Lefebvre de Cheverus (1836); Bartolomeo d'Avanzo (1876); Zeferino González y Díaz Tuñón, O.P. (1884); Guglielmo Massaia, O.F.M.Cap. (1884); Gregorio María Aguirre García, O.F.M. (1907); Enrique Almaraz y Santos (1911); Ernesto Ruffini (1946); and Paul-Marie Richaud (1958).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclaves of 1280-1281 and 1285 to their respective biographical entries.

• Cardinal Francis Arinze, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, will be special papal envoy to the 9th Plenary Assembly of the Federation of Episcopal Conferences of Asia, which will take place in Manila, Philippines, on August 11 to 16, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the first, second and third conclaves of 1276; and the one of 1277, to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal created by Antipope Benedict X (1058-1059) in the consistory of October 2, 1058 (I).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Nicholas II (1058-1061) in a consistory celebrated in 1061 (III).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclaves of 1264-1265 and 1268-1271 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Nicholas II (1058-1061) in a consistory celebrated in 1060 (II).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Nicholas II (1058-1061) in the consistory celebrated on March 6, 1059 (I).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclaves of 1254 and 1261 to their respective biographical entries.

• Thirty one links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) have been included in their entries, provided by Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• On June 2, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation, because of age limit, presented by Cardinal James Francis Stafford from the post of penitentiary major. The pope named Fortunato Baldelli, titular archbishop of Bevagna (Mevania), until now nuncio in France, to succeed him. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) at an unknown date (XII).

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the following cardinals: Bruno, O.S.B. (1086); Giovanni da Gaeta, O.S.B.Cas. (1088); Oderisio, O.S.B.Cas. (1112); Benito de Sala y de Caramany, O.S.B.Cas. (1712); Álvaro Cienfuegos Villazón, S.J. (1720); Franz Christoph von Hutten (1761); Charles-Martial-Allemand Lavigerie (1882); Luigi Pallotti (1887); Agostino Bausa, O.P. (1887); Benedetto Lorenzelli (1907); Léon-Adolphe Amette (1911); Louis-Ernest Dubois (1916); Alexis-Henri-Marie Lépicier, O.S.M. (1927); Achille Liénart (1930); Emmanuel-Célestin Suhard (1935); Ernesto Ruffini (1946); Georges-François-Xavier-Marie Grente (1953); Giovanni Urbani (1958); Paul-Marie Richaud (1958); Domenico Tardini (1958); and Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo (1991), taken from new bibliographic sources added to their entries.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclaves of 1241 and 1241-1243 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1073 (XI).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1227 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1072 (X).

• Cardinal Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, Opus Dei, archbishop of Lima, Perú, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 4th centennial of the archdiocese of Ayacucho, Perú, which will take place on July 20, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Full text in Latin of the apostolic consitituion Militantis Ecclesiæ, issued by Pope Innocent X on December 19, 1644, concerning the cardinals of reigning houses and the retention of their inherited titles of nobility, their family arms, portraits, statues and seals.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1070 (IX).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1216 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1069 (VIII).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclaves of 1389 and 1394 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1068 (VII).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1067 (VI).

• On May 14, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Bangkok, Thailand, presented by Cardinal Michael Michai Kitbunchu, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The pope named Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij, until now bishop of Nakhon Sawan, new archbishop of Bangkok. The cardinal will be apostolic administrator of the see until the installation of his successor. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of September 1378 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1066 (V).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1065 (IV).

• Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, will be pontifical legate to the solemn celebrations of the Millennium of Lithuania, which will take place in Vilnius, on July 6, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• On May 9, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI named members of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See: Cardinals Agostino Vallini, his vicar general for the diocese of Rome; Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino, archbishop of Caracas, Venezuela; and Odilo Pedro Scherer, archbishop of São Paulo, Brazil. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1063 (III).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1062 (II).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of April 1378 to their respective biographical entries.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1370 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) in a consistory celebrated in 1061 (I).

• Eighty one links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085); seven links about the cardinals created by Antipope Clement III (1080-1100); and six links about the cardinal created by Pope Victor III (1086-1087) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) in a consistory celebrated in 1085 (VIII).

• Cardinal Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien, archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh, Scotland, will be special papal envoy to the centennial celebrations of the foundation of the church of Long Tower, in the city of Derry, Ireland, that will take place on June 9, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• On the occasion of the closing of the Pauline Year, the following cardinals will be special papal envoys to its conclusive ceremonies to be observed on June 29, 2009: in the Holy Land, Walter Kasper, president of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity; in Malta, Ennio Antonelli, president of the Pontifical Council for the Family; in Cyprus, Renato Raffaele Martino, president of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax; in Turkey, Jean-Louis Tauran, president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialog; in Greece, Jozef Tomko, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples; in Syria, Antonio María Rouco Varela, archbishop of Madrid, Spain; and in Lebanon, André Vingt-Trois, archbishop of Paris, France. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) in a consistory celebrated in 1084 (VII).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1362 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) in a consistory celebrated in 1080 (VI).

• On April 18, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation presented for reasons of age by Cardinal Javier Lozano Barragán from the post of president of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral of the Health Care Workers and named to succeed him Zygmunt Zimowski, until now bishop of Radom, Poland, elevating him at the same time to the rank of archbishop. In Crónica - 2009.

• Cardinal Józef Glemp, archbishop emeritus of Warsaw, Poland, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the millennium of the death of Saint Bruno, which will take place in Lomża and Giżycko, Poland, from June 19 to 21, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) in a consistory celebrated in 1078 (V).

• In his homily of April 12, 2009, at the metropolitan cathedral of Toledo, Spain, Cardinal Antonio Cañizares Lloveras, apostolic administrator of Toledo, announced that the ceremony of beatification of Cardinal Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás, archbishop of Toledo (1898-1909), will take place on Sunday October 18, 2009, at that metropolitan cathedral, where his remains are buried. In Crónica - 2009.

• On April 15, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the diocese of Hong Kong, China, presented by Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun, S.D.B., in conformity with canon 401, §1, of the Code of Canon Law. He was succeeded by John Tong Hon, coadjutor bishop of that see. In Crónica - 2009.

• The photographs of the cardinals created by Pope Pius IX (1846-1878) have been incorporated into their respective biographical entries.

• The photographs of the cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) have been incorporated into their respective biographical entries. Also, the image galleries have a new look.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) in a consistory celebrated in 1077 (IV).

• New bibliographic items added to the site during the months of January to March 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) in a consistory celebrated in 1075 (III).

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) in a consistory celebrated in 1074 (II).

• Cardinal Josip Bozanić, archbishop of Zagreb, Croatia, will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 17th centennial of the martyrdom of Bishop Svesti Kivrin (Saint Quirin), which will take place in Krk, Croatia, on June 4, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Cardinal José Saraiva Martins, C.M.F., prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, will be special papal envoy to preside over the election of the new minister general of the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans). The ceremony will take place in Assisi, Italy, on June 4, 2009, on the occasion of the general chapter of that order. In Crónica - 2009.

• On April 3, 2009, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI had accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the metropolitan see of Westminster, England, in conformity to canon 401, §1, presented by Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor. The pope named Vincent Nichols, until now archbishop of Birmingham, England, to succeed him. The cardinal will be apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor on Thursday May 21, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Cardinal Umberto Betti, O.F.M., deacon of Ss. Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia, died on April 1, 2009, at the infirmary of the Franciscan province of Tuscany in the convent of San Francesco in Fiesole, near Florence, Italy. The funeral mass, presided by Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, will be celebrated on April 3, at 4 p.m., in the cathedral of Fiesole. Burial will follow at the cemetery of the order in the Franciscan Shrine of La Verna, next Saturday, following the celebration of another requiem mass, at 11 a.m., presided by Cardinal Cláudio Hummes, O.F.M., prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy. After learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to the minister general of the Order of the Friars Minor, Father José Rodríguez Carballo, O.F.M. After his death, the members of the College of Cardinals are 186. The cardinal electors are 115; 85 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 71, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 61 by Pope John Paul II and 6 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1352 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) in a consistory celebrated in 1073 (I).

• Cardinal Salvatore De Giorgi, archbishop emeritus of Palermo, Italy, will be special papal envoy to the conclusive celebration of the millennium of the dedication of the co-cathedral of Sarsina, Italy, which will take place on May 31, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1342 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal deacons created by Antipope Clement III (1080-1100).

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the pseudocardinal priests created by Antipope Clement III (1080-1100), provided by Mr. Tomasz Karlikowski, from Poznań, Poland.

• On Sunday, March 22, 2009, from 6:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., the Florida International University Division of Information Technology will temporarily shut down certain services to test the disaster recovery process. Accordingly, the FIU Web sites (pages on the fiu.edu domain), which includes "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church", will be unavailable.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal priests created by Antipope Clement III (1080-1100).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1334 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the pseudocardinal bishops created by Antipope Clement III (1080-1100).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclave of 1314-1316 to their respective biographical entries.

• On March 14, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI named Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun, S.D.B., bishop of Hong Kong, China, special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 25th anniversary of the pastoral visit of the Servant of God Pope John Paul II to Thailand, which will take place in Bangkok on May 10 to 11, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• On March 14, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI named Cardinal José Saraiva Martins, C.M.F., prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, special papal envoy to the celebration of the 50h anniversary of the inauguration of the Shrine of Cristo Re, in Almada, Portugal, on May 17, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• The pictures of the cardinals created in the consistories of the 20th century have been incorporated into their respective biographical entries.

• The photographs of the cardinals created in the consistories of the 21st century have been incorporated into their respective biographical entries.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclaves of 1303; and 1304-1305 to their respective biographical entries.

• Cardinal José Saraiva Martins, C.M.F., prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, will be special papal envoy to the conclusive celebrations of the jubilar year for the 7th centennial of the devotion to Our Lady of Europe, which will take place in Gibraltar on May 5, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Victor III (1086-1087) in a consistory celebrated in 1086 (I).

• Sixty one links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1099 (X).

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the conclaves of 1404; and 1406; and in the election of Antipope Alexander V in 1409 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1098 (IX).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1097 (VIII).

• On Sunday March 1, 2009, Cardinal Miloslav Vlk, archbishop of Prague, Czech Republic, received the "Medal of Reconciliation," the highest award by the Ackermann Gemeinde in Prague. In Crónica - 2009.

• On February 28, 2009, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation presented by Cardinal Renato Raffaele Martino for reason of age from the presidency of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral of Migrants and Itinerants. The pope named as new president Antonio Maria Vegliò, titular archbishop of Eclano, until now secretary of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches. In Crónica - 2009.

• On February 27, 2009, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the metropolitan archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, presented by Cardinal Eusébio Oscar Scheid, S.C.I., in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The pope named Orani João Tempesta, O. Cist., until now archbishop of Belém do Pará, as successor. Cardinal Scheid will be apostolic administrator of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro until the installation of the new archbishop on April 19, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Photo gallery of the faithful gathered for the funeral mass of the late Cardinal Paul Joseph Phạm Ðình Tụng, archbishop emeritus of Hâ Noi, Viêt Nam; of the faithful near the cathedral; and of the preparation for the funeral at the entrance of the metropolitan cathedral of Hâ Noi.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1095 (VII).

• On February 24, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI promoted Cardinal José Saraiva Martins, C.M.F., prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, to the order of cardinal bishops, assigning him the title of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina. Until now, the cardinal occupied the deaconry of Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore. Likewise, the pope promoted Cardinal Agostino Vallini, his vicar general for the diocese of Rome, to the order of cardinal priests, elevating his deaconry of San Pier Damiani ai Monti di San Paolo, pro hac vice, to title. In Crónica - 2009.

• Photographs of viewing of Cardinal Paul Joseph Phạm Ðình Tụng, archbishop emeritus of Hâ Noi, Viêt Nam, in the metropolitan cathedral of of Hâ Noi.

• On February 23, 2009, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the metropolitan archdiocese of New York, United States of America, presented by Cardinal Edward Michael Egan, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The pope named Timothy Michael Dolan, until now archbishop of Milwaukee, as successor. Cardinal Egan will be apostolic administrator of New York until the installation of the new archbishop on April 15, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• VietCatholic News reported that Cardinal Paul Joseph Phạm Ðình Tụng, archbishop emeritus of Hâ Noi, Viêt Nam, died on Sunday February 22, 2009, at 10:10 a.m., local time, in Hâ Noi. When Pope Benedict XVI learned of the death of Cardinal Pham, he prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Archbishop Joseph Ngô Quang Kiêt of Hâ Noi. The funeral will take place on February 26. at 9 a.m., in St. Joseph's metropolitan cathedral of Hâ Noi. The news agency also published a gallery of photographs of the initial funeral rites of the late cardinal; and of the transfer to the metropolitan cathedral. After his death, the members of the College of Cardinals are 187. The cardinal electors are 115; 85 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 72, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 61 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1094 (VI).

• Cardinal Giacomo Biffi, archbishop emeritus of Bologna, Italy, will be special papal representative to the celebrations of the 9th centennial of the death of Saint Anselm, which will take place in Aosta, Italy, from April 19 to 26, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Cardinal Francis Arinze, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of of the Sacraments, will preach the Lent Spiritual Exercises for Pope Benedict XVI and the Roman Curia from March 1 to 7, 2009, at the chapel Redemptoris Mater in the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican. The theme of this year's meditations will be "The priest finds Jesus and follows him." In Crónica - 2009.

• The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church site has been selected by the editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica as a Britannica iGuide site. In his message, Mr. J.C. Miller, Director - Editorial Content Management, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., said "The Britannica iGuide is basically our directory of the Web's best sites as determined by our editors. Each year, our editors review and then handpick websites that relate to one or more of our topics and are found to be of top quality. We then present links to these iGuide sites alongside our own content for that topic. This means that when one of our members searches on a topic within our online encyclopedia that is also relevant to your site, we not only present Britannica information, but also provide a link to your site." This selection is very pleasing, honoring and flattering!

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1093 (V).

• Cardinal Stephen Kim Sou-hwan, archbishop emeritus of Seoul, South Korea, died on Monday February 16, 2009, at 6:12 p.m., Korean time, at the Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul, where he had been since last July. He was the cardinal protoprete since March 13, 2004. When Pope Benedict XVI learned the news of the death of the cardinal, he prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent Cardinal Nicholas Cheong Jin-suk, archbishop of Seoul, a telegram of condolence. According to The Korea Times, medical staffs and officials of the archdiocese of Seoul who witnessed the hour of his death conveyed his last message, which was "Thank you." As the late cardinal left a will donating his eyes and other organs after death, his body underwent extraction surgery, according to the hospital. President Lee Myung-bak of South Korea paid his respects saying Cardinal Kim's death was "a big loss to the nation, given his role as a revered senior in every critical moment of history especially in the process of industrialization and democratization." The late cardinal was renowned as an advocate of human rights and contributed to the democracy in the country where military regimes ruled in 1960s and 1970s. Cardinal Kim was devoted to North Korean churches and their believers and created a religious organization in 1995 to prepare for the reunification of the two Koreas. The archdiocese of Seoul will set up a mourning hall in the Myeongdong metropolitan cathedral and will celebrate a funeral mass at 10 a.m., February 20 there after five days of memorial masses dedicated to Cardinal Kim. The body of the late cardinal will be buried in the Catholic priests' cemetery in Yongin, province of Gyeonggi. After his death, the members of the College of Cardinals are 188. The cardinal electors are 115; 85 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 73, of which 4 were created by Pope Paul VI, 62 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of participants in the election of Antipope John XXIII in 1410 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1092 (IV).

• On February 14, 2009, the Vatican Press Office announced that for the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops, which will take place at the Vatican from October 4 to 25, 2009, on the theme "The Church in Africa, at the Service of Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: You Are the Salt of the Earth; You Are the Light of the World", Pope Benedict XVI has named as president delegates: Cardinals Francis Arinze, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments; Théodore-Adrien Sarr, archbishop of Dakar, Sénégal; and Wilfrid Fox Napier, O.F.M., archbishop of Durban, South Africa. Likewise, the pope has appointed Cardinal Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson, archbishop of Cape Coast, Ghana, as relator general of the assembly. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1091 (III).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1090 (II).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1417 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Urban II (1088-1099) in a consistory celebrated in 1088 (I).

• Links have been established from the list of pseudocardinals who participated in the election of Antipope Clement VIII in 1423 to their respective biographical entries.

• With the completion of the biographical entries of the cardinals and pseudocardinals of the 12th century, 3,418 (81%) of the 4,197 names identified in the site now have biographical entries.

• Twenty eight links to textual and pictorial information as well as biographical data about the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) have been included in their entries, courtesy of Mr. Francisco Vázquez, from Valencia, Spain.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1117 (XV).

• It is with profound sorrow that I report the death of Bishop Cipriano Calderón Polo, founding director of the Spanish edition of "L'Osservatore Romano" and vice-president emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, occurred in the night of February 4, 2009, at "Pio XI Hospital" in Rome. Our common interest in the cardinals forged a beautiful friendship, mostly through correspondence, that lasted over thirty seven years. May his soul rest in the peace of the Lord, whom he served so passionately.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1431 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1116 (XIV).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1115 (XIII).

• Cardinal Walter Kasper, president of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity, led a papal delegation to the enthronement of His Holiness Kyrill, new patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, which took place in the cathedral of Christ the Savior, Moscow on February 1, 2009. The delegation was formed by Bishop Brian Farrell, L.C., secretary of that dicastery; Archbishop Antonio Mennini, representative of the Holy See before the Russian Federation; Paolo Pezzi, F.S.C.B., archbishop of the archdiocese "Mother of God in Moscow"; and Rev. Fr. Milan Žust, S.J., official of that dicastery. In Crónica - 2009.

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the following French cardinals of the XX century: François-Marie-Anatole de Rovériè de Cabriéres (1911); Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart, Orat. (1935); Pierre-Marie Gerlier (1937); Jules-Géraud Saliège (1946); Pierre Petit de Julleville (1946); Georges-François-Xavier-Marie Grente (1953); Jean Villot (1965); François Marty (1969); Jean Daniélou, S.J. (1969); Roger Etchegaray (1979); Jean-Marie Lustiger (1983); Henri de Lubac, S.J. (1983); Albert Decourtray (1985), taken from new bibliographic sources added to their entries.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclaves of 1439 and 1447 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1114 (XII).

• Additional information has been included in the biographical entries of the sixteen Spanish cardinals created in the XVIII century, taken from Diccionario de Historia Eclesiástica de España. The cardinals are Manuel Arias y Porres, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1712); Benito de Sala y de Caramany (1712); Luis Antonio Belluga y Moncada, Orat. (1719); Carlos de Borja-Centelles y Ponce de León (1720); Álvaro Cienfuegos Villazón, S.J. (1720); Diego de Astorga y Cépedes (1727); Luis Antonio Jaime de Borbón y Farnesio (1735); Gaspar de Molina y Oviedo, O.E.S.A. (1737); Joaquín Fernández de Portocarrero Mendoza (1743); Álvaro Eugenio de Mendoza Caamaño y Sotomayor (1747); Luis Antonio Fernández de Córdoba Portocarrero Guzmán y Aguilar (1754); Francisco de Solís Folch de Cardona (1756); Buenaventura de Córdoba Espínola de la Cerda (1761); Francisco Javier Delgado Venegas (1778); Antonio de Sentmenat y Castellá (1789); Francisco Antonio de Lorenzana y Butrón (1789).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1113 (XI).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclaves of 1455 and 1458 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1112 (X).

• Cardinal Michael Michai Kitbunchu, archbishop of Bangkok, Thailand, turned eighty years old on January 25, 2009, and, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, lost the right to participate in the conclave. The cardinal electors are now 115; 85 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 74, of which 5 were created by Pope Paul VI, 62 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• Pope Benedict XVI has named Cardinal Paul Poupard, president emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture, special papal envoy to the celebrations of the seventh centennial of the beginning of the Avignonese stay of the Roman pontiffs, 1309 to 1377. The celebrations will take place in Avignon, France, on March 7 and 8, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1108 (IX).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1464 to their respective biographical entries.

• Cardinal Stéphanos II Ghattas, C.M., patriarch emeritus of Alexandria of the Copts, Egypt, died on Tuesday night January 20, 2009, at the Italian hospital in Cairo. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to Antonios Naguib, patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts. Cardinal Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites, will attend the exequies as representative of the pope. The late cardinal will be buried in the cathedral "Notre Dame d'Egypte", Madinet-Nasr, Cairo. After his death, the members of the College of Cardinals are 189. The cardinal electors are 116; 86 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 73, of which 5 were created by Pope Paul VI, 61 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1471 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1107 (VIII).

• On January 17, 2009, the Vatican Press Office announced that Pope Benedict XVI had received in private audience Archbishop Angelo Amato, S.D.B., prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints. During the audience, the pope authorized the congregation to promulgate decrees concerning miracles attributed to five servants of God. Among them, a miracle attributed to the intercession of Cardinal Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás, archbishop of Toledo, Spain, founder of the "Congregation of the Sisters of Charity of Cardinal Sancha". In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1106 (VII).

• On January 15, 2009, the Vatican Press Office issued a communique announcing that Pope Benedict XVI, moved by his pastoral solicitude for the Syriac Catholic Church and in view of canon 72, §2 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, has called a synod of bishops of that church, to take place in Rome from January 17 to 23, 2009, in order to elect a new patriarch of Antioch of the Syrians and of All the East. The synod will begin with two days of prayer and reflection and will be presided by Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1105 (VI).

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1104 (V).

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1484 to their respective biographical entries.

• Cardinal Pio Laghi, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education (Seminaries and Institutes of Study) and patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, died on Sunday January 10, 2009, in the early hours of the morning, at San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, where he was recovering from a cardio-vascular insufficiency caused by a hematologic disease. The viewing will take place at the hospital on that same day. On Monday, the body of the late cardinal will be transferred to the Vatican. Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent a telegram of condolence to his nieces and nephews. A Capella Papale will take place for the exequies of the late cardinal.The mass, celebrated by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, bishop of the title of the suburbicarian sees of Ostia and Albano, and the other cardinals present, will take place on Tuesday January 13, at 11 a.m., in the papal Vatican basilica. At the end of the Eucharistic celebration, Pope Benedict XVI will address those in attendance and preside the rites of Ultima Commendatio and Valedictio. Italian president Giorgio Napolitano sent his condolences to the Vatican, "paying homage to (Cardinal Laghi's) passion for great international issues." The late cardinal will be buried in the cathedral basilica of Faenza, at the end of the eucharistic liturgy that will be celebrated on Wednesday January 14, 2009, at 10 a.m. After his death, the members of the College of Cardinals are 190. The cardinal electors are 116; 86 have been created by Pope John Paul II; and 30 by Pope Benedict XVI. The cardinal non-electors are 74, of which 5 were created by Pope Paul VI, 62 by Pope John Paul II and 7 by Pope Benedict XVI. In Crónica - 2009.

• Links have been established from the list of cardinals who participated in the conclave of 1492 to their respective biographical entries.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1102 (IV).

• On January 8, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the metropolitan archdiocese of Valencia, Spain, presented by Cardinal Agustín García-Gasco Vicente, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The pope named Carlos Osoro Sierra, until now archbishop of Oviedo, as successor of the cardinal in that metropolitan see. Cardinal García-Gasco will be apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor on April 18, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entry of the cardinal created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1101 (III).

• Links have been established between the biographical entries of all the cardinals created in the 17th century and the catalogs of participants in all the conclaves celebrated in that century.

• On January 5, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the metropolitan archdiocese of Detroit, United States of America, presented by Cardinal Adam Joseph Maida, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. The pope named Allen Henry Vigneron, until now bishop of Oakland, as successor of the cardinal in that metropolitan see. Cardinal Maida will be apostolic administrator of the archdiocese until the installation of his successor on January 28, 2009. In Crónica - 2009.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1100 (II).

• New bibliographic items added to the site during the months of October to December 2008.

• Biographical entries of the cardinals created by Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) in a consistory celebrated in 1099 (I).

• On January 1, 2009, the members of the College of Cardinals are 191; 116 are electors and 75 are non-electors, having lost their right to participate in the conclave when they turned 80 years old, according to the regulation in the seventh paragraph of the introduction of the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis. During this year, four cardinals will turn 80. They are: Michael Michai Kitbunchu, January 25; Francesco Marchisano, June 25; Darío Castrillón Hoyos, July 4; and Józef Glemp, December 18.

• From January 1 to December 31, 2008, the site received 160,501 visits and innumerable electronic messages with comments, corrections, and additional information, both textual and pictorial. The counter records only the initial visit to the site and not the ones to other sections on the same occasion. During the year, the biographical entries of the cardinals created between 1118 and 1278 were added to the site. The year 2008 marked two important landmarks for the cardinals' site: on July 21, the number of visitors since January 1, 2002, reached one million; and on October 16, the site turned ten years old, thus becoming one of the oldest of its class in the internet (interestingly, on July 7, "Google" also turned ten years old). The interest in the site is a source of profound gratitude and a strong motivation to continue developing and improving it. Thank you!

©1998-2018 Salvador Miranda.