The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
[Antipope] Clement III (1080-1100)
Pseudocardinal priests


(7) 1. PIETRO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest; his title is not known (1).

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 872; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 154.

(1) He may be the same as Pseudocardinal Pietro, the last pseudocardinal priest listed below.

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(8) 2. ANASTASE (?-?)

Birth. (No date found), France (?).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Saint-Dié.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Anastasia. Subscribed a bull on November 4, 1084. He was attested in Rome on February 27, 1086 and on January 8, 1089. A bull of Antipope Clement III of August 9, 1092 says that he is his first cardinal. In 1097, he was part of legation of the antipope in Germany. Subscribed a bull issued on July 29, 1099.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 872; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 154; Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 145-146, no. 4; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 72; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 653.

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(9) 3. GUERINO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Guarinus; as Warinus; as Warius; and as Warino.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of SS. XII Apostoli. Subscribed a bull on November 4, 1084. He was attested in Rome on January 8, 1089 and in 1097. He was part of a legation of the antipope in Germany. Subscribed a bull issued on July 29, 1099.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 872; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 154; Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 150, no. 2; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 74; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 653.

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(10) 4. GUIDO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Balbina. He participated in a Roman conciliabulum, convoked by Antipope Clement III, on August 7, 1098. Subscribed a bull issued on October 18, 1099.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 872; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 154; Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 153, no. 1; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 73-74.

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(11) 5. OTTAVIANO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Susanna. He participated in a Roman conciliabulum, convoked by Antipope Clement III, on August 7, 1098. Subscribed a bull issued on October 18, 1099.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 872; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 154; Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 209, no. 4; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 74.

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(12) 6. ROBERTO (?-1104)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Roupertus.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Marco in 1086. He was mentioned in a document issued by Antipope Clement III on February 27, 1086. Subscribed a bull issued on March 2, 1086.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Faenza between March 2 and March 9, 1086. Consecrated (no information found). The first document he issued, for the cathedral chapter of Faenza, was dated March 9, 1086 and was signed Ego Robertus Dei gratis Fauen. Episcopus. In 1091, he was a mediator for Antipope Clement III with the monasteries of S. Pietro and S. Stefano in Padua. He appears as vice-chancellor (or datary) in a document of the antipope dated August 9, 1092, in Monteveglio. He appears in a document of Emperor Heinrich IV issued in 1096. In 1098, he was legate in Germany; he invited Archbishop Ruthard of Mainz to the Synod of Vercelli. He was replaced in his title no later than 1098 by Pseudocardinal Romanus. Subscribed a bull issued on July 29, 1099. On 8 September 1100, he was at the court of Emperor Heinrich IV and consecrated Archbishop Hermann of Prague. The last documentary certification of the pseudocardinal was on January 3, 1104, when he made donations to his cathedral chapter.

Death. January 13, 1104, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 154; Gams, Pius Bonifatius. Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957, p. 688; Ganzer, Klaus. Die entwicklung des auswärtigen kardinalats im hohen mittelater ; ein beitrag zur geschichte des kardinalkollegiums vom 11. bis 13. jahrhundert. Tübingen : Niemeyer, 1963. (Bibliotek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rome, band XXVI), p. 39-40, no. 11; Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 185, no. 3; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 71 note 226, and p. 73; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 653.

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(13) 7. ROBERTO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest; his title is not known. Subscribed a bull issued in Ravenna on March 2, 1084.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 154; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 653.

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(14) 8. ADALMARO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest; his title is not known. In 1097, he was probably part of a legation sent by Antipope Clement III to Germany. Subscribed a bull issued on July 29, 1099.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1927. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 154; Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 212, no. 2; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 653.

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(15) 9. CENZIO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). His name is also listed as Cencius and as Cinthius.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Crisogono after 1098. In March 1118, he joined the obedience of Antipope Gregory VIII.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 178, no. 10; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 70-71 notes 225-226, and p. 72.

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(16) 10. DEODATO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Deodatus.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Prassede. His title is attested in a private document issued by him on August 18, 1091.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 196 no. 2; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 74.

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(17) 11. GIOVANNI (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Johannes.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Prisca. Subscribed a bull issued on October 18, 1099.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 198 no. 2; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 73-74.

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(18) 12. NICOLA, O.S.B. (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Nicolaus.

Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines).

Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Abbot of the monastery of S. Silvestro in Capite, Rome. He participated as abbot in the conciliabulum, convoked by Antipope Clement III, celebrated in Rome on August 7, 1098.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Sabina in 1099. Subscribed a bull issued on October 18, 1099. It seems that he later reconciled with Pope Paschal II, who did not recognize his promotion. He is attested again as abbot of S. Silvestro in Capite in November 1112 and February 1116. He may be confused with Cardinal Nicola, O.S.B. (ca. 1072).

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 204 no. 3; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 71.

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(19) 13. ROMANO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Romanus.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Ciriaco. Subscribed a bull issued by Antipope Clement III in favor of his titular church on October 18, 1099.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 158 no. 3.

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(20) 14. ROMANO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Romanus.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest of S. Marco between 1086 and 1098. He participated in the conciliabulum, convoked by Antipope Clement III, celebrated in Rome on August 7, 1098. Subscribed a bull on October 18, 1099. Participated in the election of Antipope Alberto in February 1101. Later, he served as provost in the titular church of S. Marcello. In March 1118, he joined the obedience of Antipope Gregory VIII. He is mentioned as cardinalis S. Marci et praepositus eccl. S. Marcelli in the privilege issued by Antipope Gregory VIII in favor of the church of S. Marcello on March 19, 1118.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 186 no. 4; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 73 and p. 217, note 31.

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(21) 15. TEUZO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Teodorico and as Theodoric.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest; his title is not known. Legate of Antipope Clement III in Hungary in 1091. Joined the obedience of Antipope Gregory VIII in March 1118 (1).

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 218 no. 23; Klewitz, Hans-Walter. Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums. Darmstadt : Hermann Gentner Verlag, 1957, p. 70-71, note 225.

(1) Hüls, Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130, p. 218 no. 23, suggests that he may have been created a cardinal in 1083 by Pope Gregory VII; both authors (Hüls and Klewitz, 70-71, note 225) say that he should not be confused with Cardinal Theodoric of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo (1094) under Popes Urban II and Paschal II.

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(22) 16. PIETRO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Petrus.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Archpriest of the church of S. Agnese.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal priest; his title is not known (1).

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Hüls, Rudolf. Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130. 1 aufl. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1977. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Bd. 48), p. 219 no. 2.

(1) He may be the same as Pseudocardinal Pietro, the first pseudocardinal priest listed above.

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