The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary

The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
Pope Alexander III (1159-1181)
Consistory of September 1173 (VI)

(34) 1. PIETRO (?-1180)

Birth. (No date found), France (?). He probably belonged to the Dandini family of Siena, which makes his birth in France unlikely.

Education. Obtained a doctorate at the University of Paris.

Early life. Archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Meaux.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Meaux in 1172; resigned the see in September 1175. Consecrated (no information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Crisogono in the consistory of September 1173. Subscribed papal bulls between October 26, 1173 and May 1, 1179. Legate in France in 1173 to decide and conclude several ecclesiastical affairs; he later went to Normandy to reconcile King Henry II of England with his son Richard, charge in which the legate was successful; the legate also made the monarch comply with the promise of his son to marry Princess Alise, daughter of the king of France. In that same year, he was sent as legate to preach against the Agennensis in Aquitaine. In 1178, he was named legate to preach against the Vaudois and the Albigenses; in this legation, the cardinal was accompanied by the bishops of Béziers and Narbonne, and by Henri de Marsiac, O.Cist., abbot of Clairvaux, future cardinal.

Death. 1180, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 115-116; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 1090-1091; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, II, 155-157; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 146.

Webgraphy. His arms and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 155-157, Gallica.

(35) 2. GUGLIELMO, Can. Reg. of S. Maria di Reno (?-soon after December 20, 1173)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Wilhelm.

Education. He possibly joined the Canons Regular of S. Maria di Reno in Bologna.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Prassede in 1173. Subscribed a papal bull issued on December 20, 1173, and probably died soon after that date.

Death. Soon after December 20, 1173, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, pp. 67. no. 33, and 127-128.

(36) 3. CRIVELLI, Uberto (ca. 1120-1187)

Birth. Ca. 1120, Cuggiono, small city near Milan. Of a noble family. Son of Guala Crivelli. He had at least four brothers: Pietro, Domenico, Pastore and Guala, all rich landowners. Uncle of future Pope Celestine IV, on his mother's side. His first name is also listed as Oberto and as Lamberys; and his last name as Crivello.

Education. Studied in Bologna.

Early life. The Crivelli family decidedly supported the pontiff and opposed Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa; some of his member, including Uberto, had to go into exile in France after Milan was sacked by imperial troops in March 1162; he had received the ecclesiastical tonsure before leaving the city. Archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Bourges; he returned to Milan after the reconstruction of the city. Canon and archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Milan. Founded the monastery of S. Pietro all'Olmo in 1170.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of in the consistory of September 1173; his title is unknown (1). Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in August 1182. Participated in the papal election of 1181, in which Pope Lucius III was elected.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Vercelli at the end of 1182. Consecrated (no information found). Subscribed papal bulls issued between August 1182 October 18, 1185. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Milan on May 9, 1185; he retained the see after becoming pope. Subscribed a papal bull with the title of archbishop of Milan on November 11, 1185. Participated in the papal election of 1185 and was unanimously elected pope after Cardinal Henri de Marsiac, O.Cist., bishop of Albano, declined the election to the papacy.

Papacy. Elected pope on November 25, 1185, in Verona. Took the name Urban III. Crowned on December 1, 1185, at the cathedral of S. Pietro in Supercilio, Verona, by Cardinal Giacinto Boboni, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. He created five cardinals in two consistories.

Death. October 20, 1187, Ferrara, while traveling to Rome. Buried in the cathedral of S. Girogio, Ferrara.

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 65, no. 22: Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 118; Cazzani, Eugenio. Vescovi e arcivescovi di Milano. Nuova ed./ a cura di Angelo Majo, 2. ed. Milano : Massimo : NED, 1996. Note: Originally published 1955, now enlarged and updated, p. 143-145; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 1092 and 1123-1127; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 146; Grillo, Paolo. "Urbano III." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 311-314; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 181-182; Majo, Angelo. Storia della chiesa ambrosiana. 5 vols. 2nd ed. Milano : NED, 1983-1986, I, 11-16; Penteriani, Ulderico. "Urbano III." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p. 1066-1067; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 431.

Webgraphy. biography by Paolo Grillo, in Italian, Enciclopedia dei Papi (2000), Treccani; biography by Douglas Raymund Webster, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; mosaic and biography, in English, Wikipedia; biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; his engraving and biography, in Spanish, Wikipedia; his engraving and biography, in Italian, Cronologia Leonardo; his engraving and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria, Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria, Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Bildarchiv Austria, Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; another engraving from the same source; his engraving, Biblioteca dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna; his tomb, cathedral of S. Giorgio, Ferrara, ninth entry on page, royaltombs, dk; Commune di Cuggiono, in Italian.

(1) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928, p. 146; other sources say that he was promoted to the cardinalate in 1182.

(37) 4. MARCELLO (?-1174)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro in the consistory of September 1173. Legate before King Guglielmo of Sicily, together with Cardinal Pietro of S. Maria in Aquiro, to thank the monarch for the money sent to Rome as subsidy to the Apostolic See; returned to Rome and remained there until his death.

Death. At the end of 1174, Rome. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 141; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 1103; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 146.

(38) 5. RANIERO, minore (?-1183)

Birth. (No date found), Pavia. He is also listed as Raniero da Pavia.

Education. Obtained the title of magister.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal in the consistory of September 1173; received the deaconry of S. Giorgio in Velabro at the end of 1174. Subscribed papal bulls issued between January 14, 1175 and August 15, 1181; November 5, 1181 and December 2, 1182. Participated in the papal election of 1181, in which Pope Lucius III was elected. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in 1182. Subscribed papal bulls issued between December 1182 and May 16, 1183. Named legate, together with Cardinal Ubaldo Allucingoli, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, before Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa, who was in Normandy, to obtain a safe conduct for the pontiff and his court to be able to meet with the monarch and conclude the peace between them.

Death. At the end of 1183, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 66, no. 27; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 121; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 1094; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 146.