The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary

The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
Pope Innocent XII (1691-1700)
Consistory of July 22, 1697 (II)

(15) 1. SOUSA, Luiz de (1630-1702)

Birth. October 6 (or 16), 1630, Porto, Portugal. His first name is also listed as Luís. Second of the four children of Diogo Lópes de Sousa, count of Miranda, and Leonor de Mendoça. The other siblings were Henrique, Isabel (died when she was one year old) and Mecia.

Education. Educated in the court of Spain as infante of the queen, Élisabeth de France, wife of King Felipe IV of Spain and III of Portugal. Returned to Portugal in1646. Went to Rome in 1651 and obtained a doctorate in canon law.

Early life. Traveled throughout Italy, Germany, the Low Countries, and France to learn the customs of the different nations. Returned to Portugal in 1656. He had an illegitimate son, Leonardo de Sousa (1).

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Dean of the cathedral chapter of Porto; after four years, named governor of the diocese by its chapter. Exercised the civil and military government of Porto in the absence of the count of Miranda, his brother, ambassador in Holland. Grand almoner of Prince Pedro, 1669. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Lisbon.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Ippona, January 19, 1671. Consecrated, June 14, 1671, Royal Chapel, Lisbon, by Alvaro de São Boaventura, bishop of Guarda, assisted by Cristoforo da Silveira, archbishop of Goa, and by Estevão dos Santos, bishop of São Salvador da Bahia. Provedor da Misericórdia of Lisbon, 1674-1683. Councilor of State, 1673. Commander of the Order of Jesucristo. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Lisbon at the request of Afonso VI of Portugal, December 2, 1675; he was granted the pallium on that same day. Secretary of state of Portugal.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 22, 1697; with an apostolic brief of July 31, 1697, the pope sent him the red biretta; he never went to Rome to receive the red hat and the title. Did not participate in the conclave of 1700, which elected Pope Clement XI.

Death. January 3, 1702, Lisbon. Buried in the Sé de Lisboa, or church of Santa Maria Maior.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography, in Portuguese, Wikipedia; brief biographical data in Os Cardeais Portugueses, in Portuguese, under D. LUÍS DE SOUSA; engravings and arms, Araldica Vaticana; and his genealogy, A2, D1, E2, in English, Genealogy EU.

(1) Leonardo married Fernanda Miranda de Lemos Medureira, and had a daughter, Clara Anita.

(16) 2. CORNARO, Giorgio (1658-1722)

Birth. August 1, 1658, Venice. Of a most respected and noble family, which belonged to the S. Polo line of the family's Cornaro della Regina branch. Second of the seven children of Federico Cornaro and Cornelia Contarini. The other siblings were Giovanni (doge of Venice); Chiara; Francesco; Lucrezia; Elena; and Adriana. His baptismal name was Giorgio Basilio. Grand-nephew of Cardinal Federico Cornaro, iuniore (1626). Grand-uncle of Cardinal Antonio Marino Priuli (1758), on his mother's side. Other cardinals of the family were Marco Cornaro (1500); Francesco Cornaro, seniore (1527); Andrea Cornaro (1544); Luigi Cornaro (1551); Federico Cornaro, seniore, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1585); Francesco Cornaro, iuniore (1596); and Giovanni Cornaro (1778). His last name is also listed as Corner; and as Cornelio.

Education. Studied at the University of Pavia, where he earned a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, in 1677.

Early life. Knight of the Sovereign Order of Malta with the title of grand prior of Cyprus, when he was four years old, in 1662. Years later, declined the ambassadorship to France. After traveling throughout Europe, settled in Rome in 1690. Protonotary apostolic in the pontificate of Pope Alexander VIII, his fellow citizen. Received the clerical tonsure from Cardinal Gregorio Barbarigo, bishop of Padua, future saint. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. President of the Apostolic Chamber. Consultor of the S.C. of Rites. Provvisore of Health and legate to the Adriatic litoral during the time of the plague. Received the minor orders on April 5, 1692; the subdiaconate on April 6, 1692; and the diaconate on April 7, 1692.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 8, 1692.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Rodi, May 5, 1692. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, May 7, 1692. Consecrated, May 11, 1692, church of S. Maria della Vittoria, Rome, by Cardinal Giovanni Battista Rubini, bishop of Vicenza, assisted by Lorenzo Trotti, archbishop-bishop of Pavia, and by Gregorio Giuseppe Gaetani de Aragonia, titular archbishop of Neocaesarea in Ponto. Nuncio in Portugal, May 12, 1692; he was the first nuncio to that kingdom to be elevated to the cardinalate.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 22, 1697; with an apostolic brief of July 31, 1697, the pope sent him the red biretta; received the red hat on March 10, 1698; and the title of Ss. XII Apostoli, April 7, 1698. He was member of the SS.CC. of Bishops and Regulars, Rites, Council and Sacred Consulta. Transferred to the see of Padua, with personal title of archbishop, August 26, 1697. Participated in the conclave of 1700, which elected Pope Clement XI. Participated in the conclave of 1721, which elected Pope Innocent XIII.

Death. August 10, 1722, Padua. Exposed in the cathedral of Padua; and buried in the tomb of the bishops of Padua, in that cathedral, where another six bishops of that diocese, members of his family, also rested.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre .... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 761-762; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. 9 vols. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1794, VIII, 54-55; Moroni, Gaetano. Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. 103 vols. in 53. Venezia : Tipografia Emiliana, 1840-1861, XVII, 145-146; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen V (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, pp. 20, 44, 308 and 333; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), I, 270.

Webgraphy. Biography by Paolo Preto, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 29 (1983), Treccani; biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; biographical data, in English, Italian Culture and History; engravings and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(17) 3. CAMBOUT, Pierre de (1636-1706)

Birth. November 14, 1636, Paris, France. Of an illustrious family from Bretagne. Youngest son of Pierre César de Cambout, marquis de Coislin (1), and Madeleine Séguier, eldest daughter of Pierre Séguier, chancellor of France. Uncle of Henri-Chales du Cambout de Coislin, bishop of Metz (1697-1732). He was baptized on February 13, 1638, in the church of Saint-Eustache in Paris. He was called the Cardinal of Coislin. His first name is also listed as Pierre-Armand; and his last name as Cambout de Coislin.

Education. Studied at La Sorbonne University, Paris, where he obtained a doctorate in theology.

Early life. Abbot commendatario of Jumièges in 1641. Prior of Argenteuil in 1643. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Paris in 1647. Abbot commendatario of Saint-Victor de Paris in 1653. First almoner of the king of France in 1653. Abbot commendatario of the Cistercian monastery of Saint-Jean, diocese of Amiens.Nominated to the see of Orléans by King Louis XIV of France on May 24, 1665.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 16, 1665, Paris, by Hardine de Péréfixe de Beaumont, archbishop of Paris.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Orléans, March 29, 1666. Consecrated, June 20, 1666, church of of Saint-Victor, Paris by Hardouin de Péréfixe, archbishop of Paris, assisted by Ferdinand de Villeroy, bishop of Chartres, and by Dominique de Ligni, bishop of Meaux. Abbot of Saint-Gildas-des-Blois, 1670. Commander of the royal orders of France. In 1685, after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, a regiment of dragoons was sent to Orléans to forcibly convert the Calvinists. The bishop lodged the officers in his palace and gained the respect of the soldiers, avoiding violence and the use of force against the Calvinists whom he called his diocesans. Commander of the Order of Saint-Esprit, 1688. Abbot of Saint-Jean-d'Amiens, Notre-Dame du Quay, and Saint-Pierre d'Abbeville. Prior of Argenteuil, and Longpot.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 22, 1697; with an apostolic brief of July 31, 1697, the pope sent him the red biretta. Participated in the conclave of 1700, which elected Pope Clement XI. Received the red hat and the title of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio, March 30, 1700. Grand almoner of France, September or October 1700.

Death. February 5, 1706, Versailles. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Orléans.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre .... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 611-612; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. 9 vols. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1794, VIII, 55; Cuénin, Micheline ; Finous, Hervé. Un familier de Louis XIV, le cardinal de Coislin : grand aumônier de France, évêque d'Orléans, 1636-1706. Orléans : Procure-Saint-Paterne, 2007; Gauchat, Patritium. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen IV (1592-1667). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1967, p. 102; Moroni, Gaetano. Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. 103 vols. in 53. Venezia : Tipografia Emiliana, 1840-1861, VI, 311; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen V (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, pp. 20 and 52.

Webgraphy. Portraits, engraving, arms and biography, in French, Wikipedia; his portrait and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his engraving, portrait and arms, Araldica Vaticana; his engraving, LACMA Collections.

(1) He was also colonel-general of the Suisses et Grisons, and lieutenant-general of the royal armies. Died on July 10, 1641, at the age of twenty-eight, of the wounds received in the siege of Aire, in Artois.

(18) 4. PAOLUCCI, Fabrizio
(1651-1726)

Birth. April 2, 1651, Forlì. Of the counts of Calboli. Fifth of the six children of Count Cosimo Paolucci and Luciana Albicini. The other siblings were Giovanni, Angiola Guerreria, Lucrezia, Giuseppe Ferdinando and Luigi. Grand-nephew of Cardinal Francesco Paolucci (1657). Uncle of Cardinal Camillo Paolucci (1743). His last name is also listed as Paulucci.

Education. Went to Rome at the age of eight, 1659, to be educated by his grand-uncle; studied at La Sapienza University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law on February 23, 1674.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Macerata e Tolentino, April 9, 1685. Consecrated, May 6, 1685, church of S. Filippo, Rome, by Cardinal Gaspare Carpegna, vicar of Rome. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, February 6, 1696. Nuncio in Cologne, February 24, 1696.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of July 22, 1697; published in the consistory of December 19, 1698. Transferred to the see of Ferrara, with personal title of archbishop, January 27, 1698. Nuncio extraordinary in Polish Diet for the election of a new king, January 27, 1698. Received the red hat on December 22, 1698; and the title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, January 5, 1699. Participated in the conclave of 1700, which elected Pope Clement XI. Secretary of State, December 3, 1700 until March 19, 1721. Resigned government of the diocese of Ferrara, March 14, 1701. Abbot of a rich abbey in Cremona, 1701. Protector of the Clerics Regular Minor, October 1, 1704. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 25, 1706 until February 21, 1707. Granted plenary faculties to negotiate and reach the peace with the empire, January 12, 1709. Pro-grand penitentiary, January 25, 1709 to June 28, 1710; grand penitentiary, June 28, 1710 to May 11, 1721. Protector of the Benedictine Order Guglielmina, July 12, 1710. Pro-prefect of the S.C. of Rites and Ceremonies from January 27, 1719; its prefect from September 9, 1721 until his death. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, February 8, 1719. Participated in the conclave of 1721, which elected Pope Innocent XIII; Cardinal Mihaly Frigyes Althan, bishop of Vac, Hungary, presented the veto of Emperor Karl VI of Austria against the election of Cardinal Paolucci. Vicar general of Rome, May 11, 1721. Prefect of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, September 9, 1721 until June 6, 1724. Participated in the conclave of 1724, which elected Pope Benedict XIII. Secretary of State again, June 6, 1724 until his death. Prefect of the S.C. of Avignon. Prefect of the S.C. of Loreto. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, June 12, 1724. Vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Granted plenipotentiary faculties to negotiate, together with Cardinal Álvaro Cienfuegos, S.J., archbishop of Catania, the devolution of Comacchio and adjacent regions to the Holy See, September 1, 1724. Secretary of the S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, 1725 until his death. Prefect of the S.C. of Ecclesiastical Immunity from 1725 until his death. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Ostia and Velletri, proper of the dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, November 19, 1725.

Death. June 12, 1726, at 5 a.m., in the apostolic palace of Quirinale. Transferred to his palace in the foro of Ss. XII Apostoli, that same day at 7 a.m. Transferred to the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, June 13, 1726, the funeral took place the following day in that same church and at 11 p.m., translated to the church of S. Marcello, and buried on the left side of the chapel of S. Pellegrino Laziosi in that church (1).

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre .... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 1556; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. 9 vols. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1794, VIII, 55-59; Del Re, Niccolò. La Curia romana : lineamenti storico giuridici. 4th ed. aggiornata ed accresciuta. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1998, p. 89; Karttunen, Liisi. Les nonciatures apostoliques permanentes de 1650 à 1800. Genève : E. Chaulmontet, 1912, p. 255; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen V (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, pp. 21, 40, 41, 46, 201 and 251; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), II, 715.

Webgraphy. Biography by Antonio Menniti Ippolito, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 81 (2014), Treccani; his engraving and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; his engraving, portrait, arms and biography, in Italian, Araldica Vaticana; his monument in the church of S. Marcello al Corso, Rome, The Australian National University.

(1) This is the text of the inscription in his monument, taken from the site of The Australian National University, linked above:

FABRIZIO CARD. PAULUTIO EPISC. OSTIEN. S. COLLEGIO DECANO
AD PIETATIS ATQ. RELIGIONIS OPERA NATO
QUOD TEMPLO HOC CUIUS TIT. FUIT INSIGNITUS
MAGNIFICENTISSIME INSTAURAVERIT ET ORNAVERIT
DOMUM MISSIONIS FOROLIVII EXTRUXERIT
TOTAMQUE CONGREGATIONEM
MAXIMIS SUMISQU. BENEFICIS CUMMULAVERIT
PERENNE MONUMENTUM

(19) 5. AGUILAR FERNÁNDEZ DE CÓRDOBA, Alfonso (1653-1699)

Birth. September 21, 1653, Montilla, Spain. Of the dukes of Feria and the marquises of Priego. Second child of Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Enríquez de Ribera, fifth duke of Feria and marquis of Priego, and Mariana Fernández de Córdoba. Brother of Luis Fernández de Córdoba, sixth duke of Feria. He was baptized with the names Alonso (or Alfonso) Francisco José Mateo. His last name is also listed as Fernández de Córdoba y Figueroa; as Aguilar de Córdoba; and as Aguilar y Priego.

Education. Studied at Colegio Mayor de Cuenca, Salamanca; and at the university of that city.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Canon of the cathedral chapters of Córdoba and Toledo. His uncle, Francisco Fernández de Córdoba y Pimentel, duke of Sessa, made him abbot of Santa María del Rute, Ventas Blancas, La Rioja. Knight of the Order of Alcántara in 1676. King Carlos II named him fiscal of the Consejo de Órdenes. Declined promotion to several episcopal sees.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 22, 1697; with an apostolic brief of August 3, 1697, the pope sent him the red biretta; he never went to Rome to receive the red hat and the title. Grand inquisitor of Spain, September 5, 1699; he never occupied the post because he died the same night in which the bull of his nomination arrived.

Death. September 19, 1699, Madrid. Exposed and buried (no information found).

Webgraphy. Biography by Fernando Rodríguez de la Torre, in Spanish, DB~e, Diccionario Biográfico Español; biography, in Spanish, Wikipedia; his engraving, Araldica Vaticana.

(20) 6. GRIMANI, Vincenzo (1653-1710)

Birth. May 26, 1653, Venice (or Mantua). Son of de Antonio Grimani and Helena Gonzaga, of the family of the dukes of Mantua. Great-great-great-grand-nephew of Cardinal Domenico Grimani (1493); and great-great-grand-nephew of Cardinal Marino Grimani (1527).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Abbot of S. Maria di Lucedo, diocese of Vercelli, Piedmont. As the imperial diplomatic agent, succesfully negotiated the peace between the Emperor Leopold of Austria and the duke of Savoy in1690. He was promoted to the cardinalate at the request of Emperor Leopold VI of Austria.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of July 22, 1697; with an apostolic brief of July 26, 1697, the pope sent him the red biretta; received the red hat on April 7, 1698; and the deaconry of S. Eustachio, May 16, 1698. Granted dispensation to be promoted to the cardinalate without having yet received the sacred orders, July 22, 1697. On April 19, 1698, he was granted permission to receive the sacred orders outside of Ember days and without time intervals between them. Participated in the conclave of 1700, which elected Pope Clement XI. Austrian ambassador before the Holy See, 1706-1708 (1). Granted license to be viceroy and captain general of the kingdom of Naples, May 5, 1708; he was viceroy until his death. For trying to expand the imperial rights at the expense of those of the church, strongly displeased Pope Clement XI, who threatened him with the pain of excommunication. He desisted and abandoned his designs. He is believed to have authored the libretto of the opera "Agrippina", of George Frideric Händel, 1709.

Death. September 26, 1710, at 7 a.m., (2), of urinary retention, in Naples, where he had participated in the festivity of S. Gennaro. Buried temporarily in the church of Carmine, Naples, until his remains were transferred to Venice and buried in the church of S. Francesco della Vegna, according to his will.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre .... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 1057; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. 9 vols. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1794, VIII, 60-61; Moroni, Gaetano. Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. 103 vols. in 53. Venezia : Tipografia Emiliana, 1840-1861, XXXIII, 37-38; Querini, Angelo Maria ; Gradenigo, Giovanni Girolamo. Tiara et purpura Veneta ab anno MCCCLXXIX ad annum MDCCLIX, serenissimae reipubblicae Venetae a civitate Brixiae dicata. Brixiae : excudebat J. M. Rizzardi, 1761. Note: Extraits de Ciacconi et de Guarnacci, par le cardinal A.-M. Quirini et par G. Gradenigo, d'après Barbier, p. 286-287; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen V (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, pp. 20 and 53; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), II, 499.

Webgraphy. His engraving and biography, in English, Wikipedia; biography, in English, Oxford Music Online; engravings, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) Boislisle, in his notes to the Mémoires de Saint-Simon, says that he was not Austrian ambassador but that he represented the interests of the empire as protector of Germany because at the time, the diplomatic relations were broken and there was no imperial ambassador.
(2) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, V, 20, which says that he died on that day when he was 57 years and 4 months old. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali delaa Santa Romana Chiesa, VIII, indicates that he was 55 years old when he died in 1710. Zedler, Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste gives May 26, 1652 as his date of birth. Boislisle, in his notes to the Mémoires de Saint-Simon, gives the same date of birth as does Zedler.

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