Birth. December 27, 1847, Bisceglie, Kingdom of Naples. Son of Giacinto dell'Olio and Pasqua Augurano. His last name is also listed as Olio, dell'.
Education. Studied at the Seminary of Bisceglie from 1856 until 1871; and at the Pontifical Athenaum S. Tommaso d'Aquino, Rome, from 1871 to 1873; one of his professors was Father Tommaso Zigliara, O.P., future cardinal; obtained a (doctorate in theology in 1873.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1871, Bisceglie. Further studies, Rome 1872-1873. Rector of the Seminary of Bisceglie and professor of philosophy and theology, 1876. Canon theologian of cathedral chapter of Bisceglie (by opposition), 1882. Founder of Institute "Giovanni Bosco", 1882.Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Rossano, December 14, 1891. Consecrated, December 20, 1891, church of S. Alfonso all'Esquilino, Rome, by Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valetta, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, prefect of the S.C. Ceremonial, assisted by Francesco di Paola Satolli, titular archbishop of Lepanto (Naupactus), president of the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, and by Edmund Stonor, titular archbishop of Trebizonda (Trapezus), adjunct to the S.C. of the Counicl. His episcopal motto was Praemium Iustitiae Pax. He received the pallium on December 17, 1891. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Benevento, February 5, 1898. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, March 21, 1898.
Cardinal. Created cardinal priest, April 15, 1901; received red hat and title of S. Balbina, April 18, 1901.
Death. January 18, 1902, Benevento. Exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Benevento and buried in the church of S. Clementina in the city's old cemetery, Benevento. In 1972, his remains were transferred to the Duomo of Bisceglie.
Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 299-300.
Webgraphy. Photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
Birth. August 20, 1848, Borgo Sant'Anna, archdiocese of de Lucca, Italy. Son of Cosma Martinelli and Maddalena Pardini. Brother of Cardinal Tommaso Martinelli, O.E.S.A. (1873)
Education. Studied at Seminary "San Michele", Lucca; and at Collegio Sant'Agostino, Rome. Joined the Order of the Hermits of Saint Augustine on December 6, 1863; professed on January 6, 1865.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 4, 1871, Rome, by Pietro de Villanova Castellacci, titular archbishop of Petra, vice gerent of Rome. Professor of theology, Collegio "Santa Maria in Pusterula", Rome. Named postulator causarum servorum Dei of the Augustinian order in 1881. Prior general of his Order, 1889; reelected, 1895. Named apostolic delegate to the United States, April 18, 1896.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Efeso, August 18, 1896. Consecrated, August 30, 1896, Rome, by Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro, secretary of State, assisted by Guglielmo Pifferi, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porfireone, papal sacristan, and by Vincenzo Veneri, bishop of Amelia. Took possession of the delegation, October 4, 1896.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 15, 1901; received red hat and title of S. Agostino, June 9, 1902. Participated in conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X. Apostolic visitor to the Catechumenal Hospice, 1904. Member of the commission for the codification of canon law, 1906-1917. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, April 15, 1907 until April 29, 1909. Prefect of the S.C. of Rites from February 8, 1909 until his death. Did not participate in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV, because of illness.
Death. July 4, 1918, at the Augustinian House of Sant'Anna at the Vatican. The funeral took place in the church of S. Agostino, Rome; and he was buried in the Augustinian mausoleum, Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome.
Bibliography. Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, p. 181; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 587-589.
Webgraphy. His biography, in Latin, under "Martinelli Fr. Sebastianus"; his portrait by Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins, Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Centre, Los Angeles, Idle Speculations; photographs, portraits and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
Birth. December 29, 1839, Maratea, diocese of Policastro, Italy. From a notable family. Sixth child, first boy after five sisters, of Nicola Gennari (1788-1873), mayor of Maratea, and Gaetana Crispino (1800-1856). His granduncle Onofrio Maria Gennari was bishop of Montemarano from 1774 until 1805.
Education. Initial studies with the Jesuits in Naples; then, studied at the Seminary of Salerno. Received the minor orders on June 17, 1860; the subdiaconate on March 30, 1861; and the diaconate on April 19, 1862.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 21, 1863, Cosenza, by Bishop Michele Bombini of Cassano all'Jonio. Pastoral work, diocese of Conversano. Founder of the monthly Il Monitore Ecclesiastico, to help the clergy be in tune with the teaching of the Church; the first of its kind, the journal reached a high circulation in all Italy. Honorary canon of the cathedral of Conversano.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Conversano, May 13, 1881. Consecrated, May 15, 1881, church of S. Alfonso all'Esquilino, Rome, by Cardinal Edward Howard, assisted by François de Sales Albert Leuillieux, archbishop of Chambéry, and by Herbert Vaughan, bishop of Salford. In the same ceremony was consecrated Alfonso Maria Giordano, C.SS.R., titular bishop of Domiziopoli, auxiliary of Calvi e Teano. Named assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, November 15, 1895. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, March 20, 1896. Promoted to the titular see of Lepanto (or Naupactus), February 6, 1897. Retained the administration of the see of Conversano.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 15, 1901; received red hat and title of S. Marcello, April 18, 1901. Participated in conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X. Prefect of the S.C. of the Council, October 20, 1908 until his death. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, April 29, 1909 to November 27, 1911. He was known for his great charitable work and his simple and poor lifestyle.
Death. January 31, 1914, in his Roman apartment at Palazzo Borghese, having felt sick two days earlier while celebrating Mass to the Salesian Sisters of via Merulana, Rome. His funeral took place in the church of S. Marcello, Rome. Successively, his body was transferred to his native Maratea, arriving on February 3, after a brief stop in Naples. He was given a solemn funeral and was laid to rest in the family chapel of the local cemetery. There are streets named after him in Rome and Conversano, as well as the one where he was born on in Maratea; along with the local secondary school and the Villa Comunale, which was donated to the people of his native village by his relatives.
Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 411-414; Re, Niccolò del. "I cardinali prefetti della Sacra Congregazione del Concilio dalle origini ad oggi (1564-1964)." Apollinaris, XXXVII (1964), pp. 142.
Webgraphy. Biography by Guido Gregorio Fagioli Vercellone, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 53 (2000), Treccani; biography, in English, New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. IV, p. 458; photographs, engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
Birth. June 12, 1863, Hausdorf, archdiocese of Olomouc, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Hubovice, Czech Republic). From a family of the Moravian baronnial nobility established in Austria. Second child (first boy) of Philipp freiherr Skrbensky (1830-1908), military and member of the Landtag of Moravia (1871-1876) and Baroness Leonie von Czeike, from Badenfeld (1838-1911) (1). The other siblings were Irena, Hans and Anna. His last name is also listed as Skrbensky von Hrzistie.
Education. He was raised in Dřevohostice pod Hostýnem. He studied at the gymnasium in Kroměříž; and later, law at the University of Innsbruck from 1882 to 1884; later in 1885, at the Seminary of Olomouc (theology); and finally at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law in December 1892.
Early life. Served for a year in the 6th Regiment of Dragoons until he entered the seminary in 1885.
Priesthood. Ordained, July 7, 1889, Olomouc, by Gustav von Belrupt-Tissac, titular bishop of Germaniciana, auxiliary of Olomouc. Further studies in Rome, serving at the church of S. Maria dell'Anima. On his return, he was named vicar in Dub, occupying the post for three years. Vicar in Ostrava Moravska, Hungary; pastor in Meltsch (Melc) in Austrian Silesia; provost of college Kromeriz and pastor of Saint Maurice, Kromeriz. Honorary canon of the cathedral chapter of Olomouc; and later, in 1899, titular canon. Nominated to the episcopate by Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria on September 15, 1899.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Prague, December 14, 1899. Consecrated, January 6, 1900, in the metropolitan cathedral of Olomouc, by Theodore Kohn, archbishop of Olomouc, assisted by Martin Joseph Ríha, bishop of Ceski Budějovice (Budweis), and by Ferdinand Jan Nepomucenus Kalous, titular bishop of Grazianopoli, auxiliary of Prague. Took possession of the see on January 13, 1900. Named member of the Imperial Privy Council. He founded a Catholic grammar school in Dejvicmch.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 15, 1901; received red hat and title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, June 9, 1902. At the time of his promotion, he was the youngest member of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Participated in the conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1910. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Elected archbishop of Olomouc by its cathedral chapter, January 1916. Confirmed by the Pope, May 5, 1916. Enthroned in Olomouc on July 2, 1916. In 1919, he had a serious automobile accident which left him paralyzed. Resigned pastoral government of the archdiocese, July 6, 1920 and retired to a convent. Later, he moved to his brother's house in Schönpriesen, near Aussig, Bohemia. Did not participate in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI, because of illness (2). He became cardinal protoprete in December 1928. In December 1928, he retired to the château of Oberlangendorf, near Diouba Loucka (now in the Czech Republic). He was the youngest cardinal created in the 20th century.
Death. December 24, 1938, Oberlangendorf, Czechoslovakia. He was buried below the tower of the metropolitan cathedral of St. Vaclav, Olomouc. Last surviving cardinal of Pope Leo XIII.
Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 888-889; Sedlak, J. N. Leo Freiherr von Skrbensky, fürst-erzbischof von Prag, primas es Königreisches Böhmen. Prag : Roblicek & Sievers, 1901.
Webgraphy. His photograph and biography, in English, Prostor, architektura, interiér, design; his photograph amd biography, in Czech and English, Militia Sanctae Mariae, Observantia SS. Cordis Iesu et Mariae, Provincia Europa Orientalis, Preceptorium St. Wenceslai; his pastoral letter, in Czech, August 16, 1906; his statue and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his arms, Wikimedia Commons; his hat, ring and arms, Muzeum Novojičínska; portrait and biography, in Czech, Muzeum Novojičínska; his photograph as a young priest, Wikimedia Commons; photographs, portrait and arms, Araldica Vatican; his statue in his tomb, metropolitan cathedral of St. Vaclav, Olomouc, Wikimedia Commons; Anton Freiherr Skrbensky von Christie und seine Adelsgeschlecht, his genealogy, in German, the cardinal is in picture n. 17.
(1) It has long been speculated that he was the illegitimate son of the Emperor Franz Josef, who had promoted his career.
(2) LeBlanc, Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle, p. 889, says that "he disappeared, they say, completely in February-March this year, when he was in Rome, because of behavioral problems".
Birth. March 2, 1838, Perugia, Italy. The youngest of the eleven children of Francesco Boschi and Giusseppa Mancini. Received the first communion and confirmation from Gioacchino Pecci, archbishop-bishop of Perugia, later Pope Leo XIII.
Education. Studied at the Seminary of Perugia; and at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in theology.
Priesthood. Ordained, May 25, 1861, Perugia, by Gioacchino Pecci, archbishop-bishop of Perugia. In Perugia, pastoral work in the cathedral; episcopal master of ceremonies; missionary apostolic; prosynodal examiner; visitor of the city and the archdiocese; canon penitentiary; archdeacon; archpriest of the cathedral chapter, November 1878. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, August 1880.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Todi, June 1, 1888. Consecrated, June 11, 1888, church of Santissima Trinità in Montecitorio (no longer exists), Rome, by Cardinal Carlo Laurenzi, assisted by Federico Pietro Foschi, archbishop of Perugia, and by Francesco Trotta, bishop of Teramo. Transferred to see of Senigaglia, November 29, 1895. Promoted to metropolitan see of Ferrara, April 19, 1900.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 15, 1901; received red hat and title of S. Lorenzo in Panisperna, April 18, 1901. Participated in the conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X. Appointed also bishop of Comacchio, January 7, 1909. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Resigned the government of the archdiocese and opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, July 3, 1919. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 8, 1920 until his death.
Death. Saturday May 15, 1920, at 2:30 p.m., Rome. The solemn funeral took place in the church of S. Ignazio, Rome, on Wednesday May 19 at 10 a.m. He was buried in the chapel of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.
Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 172-173.
Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian, diocese of Frascati; his tomb, chapel of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome, taken by M. Marcel Boschi in 2004; photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
Birth. February 18, 1839, Paderno Dugnano, archdiocese of Milan, Italy. Eldest son of Antonio Riboldi (+1872) and the noble woman Caterino (or Carolina) dell'Orto.
Education. He entered the Seminary of Seveso when he was nine years old; then studied at the Seminary of Monza in 1866; and finally, at the Seminary of Milan. He was professor at the Seminary of Seveso before he was ordained a priest in 1860.
Priesthood. Ordained, August 11, 1861, Milan. Professor of physics and mathematics, Seminary of Monza, 1861-1877. Charged by the archbishop of of Milan with the restoration of the bodies of Saints Ambrose, Gervaise and Protase.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Pavia, March 12, 1877. Consecrated, April 22, 1877, cathedral of Pavia, by Lucido Maria Parocchi, archbishop of Bologna, assisted by Paolo Angelo Ballerini, titular Latin patriarch of Alexandria, and by Francesco Sabbia, bishop of Crema. He carried an intense pastoral activity in the diocese: convoke eight diocesan synods; did eight pastoral visitations to the diocese; promoted the the initiatives fo the Catholic laity; founded numerous associations like the Diocesan Committe (1879); Society of Mutual Help (1882); the Circle for University students "San Severino" (1884); founded the scientific journal Rivista di scienze fisiche e matematiche (1898); and the Secretariat of the People (1901). Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, November 20, 1885. Promoted to metropolitan see of Ravenna, April 15, 1901.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 15, 1901; received red hat and title of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, April 18, 1901.
Death. April 25, 1902, Ravenna, suddenly, after having celebrated the 25th anniversary of his episcopal consecration. Exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Ravenna and buried in the cemetery of Pavia. There is a monument to his memory on the northern side of the nave between the first and second pillars from the western end of the cathedral of Ravenna; and a medallion of his effigy in one of the columns of the temple. There is a street name after him in his native city, Paderno Dugnano.
Bibliography. Codara, Angelo. Il Cardinale Agostino Gaetano Riboldi. Fusi, 1905; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 797-798; Riboldi, Agostino Gaetan. Appendice al terzo Sinodo Diocesano, celebrato da Sua Eccellenza Mons. Agostino Gaetano Riboldi l'anno 1885. Monza : tip. d'Paolini de L. Annoni e Comp., 1885.
Webgraphy. Photograph and biography by Eman Bonicci, in English, Find a Grave; his arms, engraving and photographs, Araldica Vaticana; Serie dei Vescovi di Pavia, in Italian, diocese of Pavia.
Birth. September 13, 1842, Gwoździec, archdiocese of Lviv of the Latins, Galizia, Austria. Son of Prince Roman Puzyna z Kozielsko (1788-1861) and Hortensja z Dwornickica (1806-1879). He had three brothers, Józef, Roman Longin and Julian. Received the names Jan Duklan Maurycy Pawel when he was baptized. Received the sacrament of confirmation, May 1855. His last name is also listed as Puzyna z Kozielsko. Related to Józef Dominik Puzyna, bishop of Inflanty (Livonia); and to Nikodem Puzyna, titular bishop of Satala in Lidia, auxiliary of Vilnius.
Education. Studied at the University of Lviv, where he earned a doctorate in law on June 24, 1870); and at the Seminary of Przemyśl, from 1876.
Early life. Procurator of Skarbu, 1869; magistrate, 1872; commissary, 1875. Received the ecclesiastical tonsure, May 6, 1877; the subdiaconate, November 20, 1878; and the diaconate, December 1, 1878.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 8, 1878, Przemyśl, by Maciej Hirschler, bishop of Przemyśl. Vicar of Przeworsk; vice-rector of the Seminary of Przemyśl; and canon of its cathedral chapter in 1880.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Memphis and appointed auxiliary of Leopolis of the Latins, February 26, 1886. Consecrated, March 25, 1886, church of S. Giovanni Canzio, Rome, by Cardinal Mieczyslaw Halka Ledóchowski, assisted by Franziskus von Paula Schönborn, archbishop of Prague, and by Josyf Sembratowicz, titular archbishop of Teodosiopoli, former archbishop of Lviv and Halicz of the Greek-Ruthenians. Transferred to the see of Kraków, with the title of prince-bishop, January 22, 1895.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 15, 1901; received red hat and title of Ss. Vitale, Gervasio e Protasio, June 9, 1902. Participated in the conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X, and presented the veto of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary against the election of Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1904.
Death. September 8, 1911, Kraków. Buried in the chapel of the Immaculate Conception, Wawel cathedral, Kraków (1).
Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 769-770; Lenart, Miroslaw. "Quel no che cambiò il conclave del 1903. L'appunto inedito di Jan Puzyna", L'Osservatore Romano, Anno CLIV n. 131 (46.673), Città del Vaticano mercoledì 11 giugno 2014, p. 5; Nitecki, Piotr. Biskupi Kościoła w Polsce w latach 965-1999. Słownik biograficzny. Przedmowa Henryk Gulbinowicz. Warszawa : Instytut Wydawniczy "Pax", Warszawa 2000, col. 366-0367; Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał. Polscy kardynałowie. Kraków : Wydawnictwo WAM, 2001, pp. 209-214.
Webgraphy. Photograph and biography, in English, Wikipedia; portrait, photographs and arms, Araldica Vaticana; catalog of the bishops of Kraków, in English, Wikipedia.
(1) This is the text of the inscription on his vault, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:
JAN KARDYNAL PVZYNA
KSIAŻE BISKVP KRAK.
OD R. 1805 · DO R. 1944
VR. 13. X. 1842 W GWOZDZCV
VM. 8. IX. 1911 W KRAKOWIE
R.I.P
Birth. March 28, 1842, Breonio, diocese of Verona, Italy. Son of Michelangelo Bacilieri and Pasqua Firlonghi. His brother Angelo was also a priest and archpriest of Bussolengo (1892-1933). Received the sacrament of confirmation on July 4, 1854.
Education. Studied at the Seminary of Verona; at Almo Collegio Capranica, Rome, from 1862 to 1867; and at Collegio Romano, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in theology on July 30, 1867.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 17, 1864, Rome. Further studies in Rome until 1867. Professor of dogmatic theology at the Seminary of Verona, 1868-1888; its rector, 1878-1888. Canon of the cathedral chapter, 1878-1888. Diocesan prosynodal examiner.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Nisa and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Verona, June 1, 1888. Consecrated, June 10, 1888, chapel of the Almo Collegio Capranica, Rome, by Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro, secretary of State, assisted by Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella, titular archbishop of Tinna, auditor of the Reverend Apostolic Chamber, and by Vincenzo Vannutelli, titular archbishop of Sardi, nuncio in Portugal. Succeeded to the see of Verona, March 12, 1900 (1).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 15, 1901; received the red hat and the title of S. Bartolomeo all'Isola, April 18, 1901. Participated in the conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI.
Death. February 14, 1923, at 1:40 p.m., Verona; he expired after suffering a fall while celebrating Mass. The funeral, with the participation of Cardinal Pietro La Fontaine, patriarch of Venice, and almost all the bishops of the region, took place on Saturday February 17, at 9 a.m., in the cathedral of Verona. The body was buried in the tomb of the canons of the cathedral chapter in the cemetery of Verona until the definitve tomb in the cathedral of Verona was finished.
Bibliography. "Bacilieri, Bartolomeo." in "Liste des cardinaux par order alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1912. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1912, p. 102; Ederle, Guglielmo. Dizionario cronologico bio-bibliografico del Vescovi di Verona; cenni sulla chiesa veronese. Verona : Edizioni di Vita veronese, 1965, 109-111; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 112-113; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, p. 391; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 42, 47, 422 and 587.
Webgraphy. Biography, in English, New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge; his arms and photographs, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) According to "Cardinale Bartolomeo Bacilieri, vescovo di Verona," in L'Osservatore Romano, Friday February 16, 1923, No. 38 (19,066), p. 3, he succeeded to the see of Verona at the death of Cardinal Luigi di Canossa, bishop of Verona, of whom he was coadjutor with right of succession; "Bacilieri, Bartolomeo." in "Liste des cardinaux par order alphabétique." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1912, p. 102; and Pięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 391, citing Annuraio Pontificio per l'anno 1923, p. 235, say that he became bishop of Verona on February 1, 1900.
Birth. Junio 21, 1836, Cardetto, archdiocese of Reggio-Calabria, Italy. Fourth of the nine children of Count Antonino Tripepi (b.1801), who was mayor of Cardeto in 1867, and his second wife, Margherita Manuardi (1805-1848); she died after the birth of her last child, Fortunato, in a difficult pregnancy. With his first wife, Epifania Talè, Antonino fathered a boy, who was later cared for by his stepmother. In his early infancy he was baptized and taught by his uncle, Luigi Tripepi, pastor of Cardeto.
Education. Studied at the Pontifical Roman College, Rome, from 1859, where he earned a doctorate in theology. Joined the Society of Jesus.
Priesthood. Ordained, 1864. He lectured in rhetoric, Hebrew, philosophy, mathematics, church history, dogmatic and moral theology, Sacred Scriptures, Latin, Italian and Greek eloquence at the Tulliano College of Arpino and later in Veroli following his entry with the Society of Jesus, which he ultimately left due to the rigorosity of the so called “Perinde ac cadaver” constitution of Saint Ignatius of Loyola. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, 1868. Beneficiary of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, 1870. Hymnographer of the S.C. of Rites, 1874. Consultor of the S.C. of the Index, 1878. Ablegato in Portugal, 1879. Canon of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, 1878. Canon of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, 1879. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Prelate referendary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, 1883. Secretary of the Commission for Historical Studies, 1884. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1885. Prefect of the archive of the Holy See, September 19, 1892 until May 1894. Secretary of the S.C. of Rites, June 16, 1894. Substitute of the Secretariat of State from October 1, 1896 until his promotion to the cardinalate.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, April 15, 1901; received red hat and deaconry of S. Maria in Domnica, April 18, 1901. Following his promotion to the cardinalite, he accepted the invitation of Marquis Sacchetti to reside on the fourth floor of his palace at no. 60, via Giulia, on the condition that it would be stripped of all rich furniture, applying for his own use instead a bed with a straw mattress, a small wardrobe and a chest of drawers, a few chairs and a working table with bookcase. The furnishings were completed with a plaque at the head of the bed written in charcoal by his own hand reading “Morituro satis” and a Crucifix. Prefect of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics, January 7, 1903. Participated in the conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X. President of the Academy of the Catholic Religion, October 16, 1903. Pro-prefect of the S.C. of Rites (formerly of Indulgences and Sacred Relics), January 28, 1904. He published thirty six volumes of apologetic history of the popes and ten volumes of Latin and Italian poetry.
Death. December 29, 1906, at 5:30 p.m., after a hemorrhagic stroke in his sleep; he was found unconscious in the morning in his Roman residence when his servants entered his room; revived for a time, he passed away later on that day. Exposed in in the church of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini and buried in the chapel of the chapter of the canons of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome. His remains were exhumed in 1993 and transferred to Mallemace, near Cardeto, Reggio Calabria, where they were reinterred in a small mausoleum named after him, built close to the Shrine of "Madonna Assunta di Mallemace", to whom he was devoted since his childhood. His mother was also laid to rest in that shrine.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1914, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1913, p. 62; Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, p. 678; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 933-934; Mazzitelli, Maria Pia ; Triulcio, Pasquale. Il cardinale Luigi Tripepi un interprete dei tempi nuovi. Reggio Calabria : Archivio Storico Diocesano di Reggio Calabria-Bova ; Istituto superiore di scienze religiose "Mons. Vincenzo Zoccali", 2015; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp.42 and 55; Rodà, Massimo. "Il cardinale Luigi Tripepi, bibliotecario di Cristo, pose la sua cultura al servizio della Chiesa" in L'Osservatore Romano, Rome, June 21,1996.
Webgraphy. Photographs, portrait, engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana; photographs and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; portrait, mausoleum and biograpahy, in English, Wikipedia; Early Vatican Responses to Evolution Theology by Brian W. Harrison, no. 93, May 2001; Il Cardinale Luigi Tripepi, holly reggio, Oct 21, 2013, YouTube.
Birth. January 13, 1841, Bordogna, diocese of Bergamo, Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia. Eldest son of Giovanni Cavagnis (1812-1868), a municipal physician, originally from Cornalba, and Melania Piacezzi (1814-1883), from Bordogna. In 1859 the family moved to Serina.
Education. Initial studies in Bordogna; continued his education in a private school opened first in Zogno in 1849; and then in Bergamo in 1850; entered the Seminary of Bergamo in 1853; sent to Rome; resided in Collegio Cerasoli while studying at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome (philosophy and theology); one of his condisciples at the seminary was Antonio Agliardi, future cardinal; and at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome, where he obtained doctorates in philosophy, theology, and utroque iure, both civil and canon law.
Priesthood. Ordained, September 19, 1863, Bergamo, by Pier Luigi Speranza, bishop of Bergamo. Celebrated his first Mass in Cornalba, where his father was exercising his profession. Further studies in Rome, 1863-1866. Returned to Bergamo. Professor of philosophy at Collegio di Celana until the end of 1871. Called to Rome and named professor of philosophy at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum of "S. Apollinare", Rome, in April 1871; occupied the post until 1879; became professor of canonical institutions in 1879, by order of Pope Leo XIII; later, at the death of Professor De Angelis, he became professor of canonical texts; in 1889, he became the first professor of Public Ecclesiastical Law; in that year, he was named to the chair of canonical texts; at this time he wrote his renowned Institutiones Juris Publci Ecclesiastic. Consultor of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, March 1883; and also, member of the special congregation for the revision of the provincial councils in the S.C. of the Council. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, 1884. Ecclesiastical assistant of the Superior Council of the Italian Catholic Youth, 1884-1901. Canon of the chapter of S. Maria ad Martyres. Prelate referendary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, January 15, 1885. Socio of the Pontifical Academy Tiberina. Protonotary apostolic ad instar, June 11, 1885. Canon of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, 1885. Rector of the Major Roman Seminary from January 30, 1888 until 1893. Pro-secretary of the S.C. for the Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, June 20, 1893; its secretary, August 14, 1896; he had a relevant role in the religious questions that affected Hungary; in the reorganization of the Catholic Church in Cuba and in the Philippines; and in the preparation of the First Latin American Plenary Council, celebrated in Rome in 1899. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, April 15, 1901. Received red hat and deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, April 18, 1901. Participated in the conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X. In March 1904, the pope nominated him member of the Cardinalitial Commission for the Codification of Canon Law. In 1905, he published La Masoneria. Quel che é, quel che ha fatto, quel che vuole; and De concordato napoleonico pro Gallia; de Articulis organicis. Other works were Mozioni di diritto pubblico ecclesiasticao per uso della gioventù, Esame della Religione dell'avvenire di Terenzio Mamiani; and Esame intorno alla teoria del senatore Carlo Cadorna sulla natura di società giuridica e pubblica competente alla Chiesa. His three-volume Institutiones Iuris Publici Ecclesiastici ("Elements of Public Ecclesiastical Law") is still a point of reference a century after its publication.
Death. December 29, 1906, in the morning he was found dead in his bed of a paralysis of the heart, in his Roman residence in Palazzo Lante. Exposed in the church of S. Eustachio; on January 6, 1907, the body was transferred to Bergamo and buried in the tomb of his family in the chapel of the cemetery of Serina, Bergamo. On the twenty-fifth anniversary of his death, the remains of Cardinal Cavagnis were transferred from the cemetery of Serina (Alta) to the local prepositural church of Santa Maria Annunziata.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1914, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1913, p. 60; Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, p. 682; Dentella, Lorenzo. I vescovi di Bergamo. (Notizie storica). Bergamo : Editrice Sant'Alessandro, 1939, p. 532-535; 235-237; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 235-237; Pesenti, Antonio "Card. Felice Cavagnis." La Pontificia Università lateranense : profilo della sua storia, dei suoi maestri, e dei suoi discepoli. Roma : Libreria editrice della Pontificia Università lateranense, 1963, pp. 227-229; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 42 and 55.
Webgraphy. Biography by Salvatore Luzio, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography by Mario Casella, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 22 (1979), Treccani; portrait, photographs and arms, Araldica Vatciana.
Birth. January 15, 1839, Amaseno, diocese of Ferentino. Brother of quasi Cardinal Diomede Panici.
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, June 22, 1870. Papal sub-datary. Protonotary apostolic participantium. Internuncio in Holland, September 19, 1879 until 1881. Secretary of the S.C. of Studies, 1881. Consultor of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Named secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars in 1900.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Cardinalate. According to Christoph Weber, Quellen und Studien zur Kurie und zur vatikanischen Politik unter Leo XIII; mit Berücksichtigung der Beziehungen des Hl. Stuhles zu den Dreibundmächten, Pope Leo XIII planned to create him cardinal but he died before the promotion took place (1).
Death. February 7, 1902, Rome. Buried, chapel of the Lateran Chapter at the Campo Verano Cemetery of Rome, next to his brother Diomede.
Bibliography. De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956. Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, p. 185; "Nécrologie. Prélats et autres personnages." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1900. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1900, p. 573; Weber, Christoph. Quellen und Studien zur Kurie und zur vatikanischen Politik unter Leo XIII; mit Berücksichtigung der Beziehungen des Hl. Stuhles zu den Dreibundmächten. Tübingen, M. Niemeyer, 1973. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Intituts in Rom, Bd.45), p. 244, note 206.
(1) Weber, Quellen und Studien zur Kurie und zur vatikanischen Politik unter Leo XIII, p. 244, note 4, says that Monsignor Agapito was on the way to the cardinalate but that before naming him, Pope Leo XIII asked his brother Diomede to renounce the red hat; when Agapito died in 1902, before the pope could create him a cardinal, the pope told Diomede that he would ignore the document he had signed renouncing the cardinalate.
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