Birth. March 7, 1952, Marrakesh, Morocco, to a Corsican family, where his father, a French defense official, was then assigned. An only son, he grew up in Vico, a town of 1,000 on the island of Corsica. His baptismal name is Dominique François Joseph.

Education. He studied law at the University of Strasbourg and the University of Paris; after ordination, he was sent by his bishop to study canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University; and also studied diplomacy at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy; while in Rome, he resided at the Pontifical French Seminary. He speaks French, Italian, English, and Spanish.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1981, by Jean-Charles Thomas, bishop of Ajaccio, France. Incardinated in the diocese of Ajaccio. Further studies in Rome. He entered the Holy See's diplomatic service on March 1, 1986. Attaché and later secretary at the apostolic delegations in Algeria and Lybia, 1986-1990; and in the pro-nunciature in Tunisia, 1986-1990. Chaplain of His Holiness, March 21, 1987. Secretary of the nunciature in Chile, 1990-1993. Auditor and later counselor at the Holy See's office at United Nations headquarters in New York, 1993-1997. Counselor at the nunciatures in Lebanon and Kuwait and at the apostolic delegation at the Arabian Peninsula, 1997-1998. Counselor of nunciature second class, and later first class, in the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State, 1998-2002. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, October 15, 1998.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Sagona and appointed nuncio to Sudan and apostolic delegate to Somalia, May 18, 2002. Consecrated, July 3, 2002, at the patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Albano, secretary of State, assisted by Robert Sarah, archbishop emeritus of Conakry, secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, and by André Jean-René-Lacrampe, Istituto del Prado, bishop of Ajaccio. His episcopal mottoéis Eritis mihi testes. Named apostolic nuncio to Eritrea on February 19, 2004; at the same time, he ceased as apostolic delegate to Somalia. On September 15, 2006, he was named secretary for the Relations with the States of the Secretariat of State and secretary of the Permanent Interdicasterial Commission for the Church in Eastern Europe. On February 5, 2007, he was awarded the knight grand cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. During his eight years hat he was secretary for Relations with States, he articulated the Holy See's position on numerous issues, including the right to life, religious liberty, nuclear weapons, climate change, and human trafficking. In 2011, while speaking to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, he called for the institution of an international day against the persecution of Christians. He is considered an expert on the Islamic world. Named prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature on November 8, 2014. Decorated with the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle in grade of band on January 22, 2015. It is the highest recognition from the Mexican government.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the deaconry of S. Spirito in Sassia on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Council of Cardinals and Bishops of the Section of Relations with the States of the Secretariat of State; of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments; and of the Congregation of the Causes of the Saints. Named president of the Commission for Lawyers on April 28, 2015. Took possession of his deaconry on May 10, 2015. On April 6, 2019, the Pope named him special papal envoy to the conclusive celebration of the Sixth centennial of the death of Saint Vincenzo Ferrer, programmed for Vannes, France, on Sunday June 9, 2019. On June 19, 2020, the Pope named him member of the Pontifical Council for the Legislative Texts. On September 26, 2020, the pope named him special envoy to preside the celebration of the Holy Mass programmed for Novembre 28, 2020 in the Basilica of Koekelberg in Brussels, Belgium, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the foundation of the Association Pro Petri Sede.

Birth. July 16, 1948, São Pedro e São Tiago, Concelho of Torres Vedras, patriarchate of Lisbon, Portugal. He is the third of the four children of Francisco Clemente, a slightly believer industrial, and Maria Sofia, a Catholic activist.

Education. After finishing his secondary studies, he frequented the Faculty of Letters of Lisbon, where he obtained a licentiate in history. Entered the Major Seminary dos Olivais in 1973. In 1979, he obtained a licentiate in theology at the Portuguese Catholic University, obtaining a doctorate in historical theology in 1992 with a thesis entitled "Nas origens do apostolado contemporãneo em Portugal. A «Sociedade Católica» (1843-1853)". From 1975, he taught church history at the Portuguese Catholic University.

Priesthood. Ordaimed, June 29, 1979, by Cardinal António Ribeiro, patriarch of Lisbon. Coadjutor of the parishes of Torres Vedras and Runa (1980). Member of the Team of Formation of the Major Seminary dos Olivais (1980-1989). Vice-rector of the Major Seminary dos Olivais (1989-1997); its rector (from 1997). Member of the patriarchal chapter of Lisbon from 1989. Coordinator of the Presbyteral Council of the Patriarchate of Lisbon from 1996.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Pinhel and appointed auxiliary of Lisbon, November 6, 1999. Consecrated, January 22, 2000, at the basilica of the Jerónimos, in Lisbon, by José da Cruz Policarpo, patriarch of Lisboa, assisted by Manuel Franco da Costa de Oliveira Falcão, bishop emeritus of Beja, and by Albino Mamede Cleto, bishop coadjutor of Coimbra. His episcopal motto is In Lumine Tuo. Coordinator of the Preparatory Commission of the Jubilar Assembly of the Presbyterate for the Year 2000. Director of the Center of Studies of Religious History of the Portuguese Catholic University (2001-2007). Promoter of the Pastoral of Culture in the Portuguese Episcopal Conference from April 11, 2002. President of the Episcopal Commission of Culture, Cultural Heritage and Social Communications (2005-2011). Transferred to the see of Porto, February 22, 2007. In 2009, he received the Prémio Pessoa. In 2010, he was decorated by the president of the Republic of Brazil, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, with the grand cross of the Order of Christ. Vice-president of the Portuguese Episcopal Conference from 2011. Member of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications from 2011. He habitually collaborates in the programs "Ecclesia' (RTP2) and "Dia do Senhor" of Rádio Renascença. Decorated with the Municipal Medal of Honor of the City of Porto on April 25, 2011. Promoted to the patriarchate of Lisbon on May 18, 2013. Took possession of his see on July 6, 2013 in the patriarchal cathedral of Santa Maria Maior. The solemn entrance in the patriarchate took place on the following day, July 7, in the church of the monastery of the Jerónimos. He is the 17th patriarch of Lisbon. He is officially referred to as Manuel III, Patriarch of Lisbon. On June 19, 2013, he was elected president of the Portuguese Episcopal Conference; on June 16, 2020 he finished his mandate. He received the pallium from Pope Francis on June 29, 2013 at the papal Vatican basilica. In December 2013, he received the grand cross Pro Piis Meritis of the Sovereign and Military Order of Malta. A prolific writer, he has published numerous works, books and articles, in theology, history and pastoral (1).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Antonio in Campo Marzio on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Clergy; and of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications. Took possession of his title on June 14, 2015. On April 8, 2017, the pope named him special papal envoy to the first National Eucharistic Congress of Angola programmed for Huambo from June 12 to 18, 2017.

Birth. July 14, 1948, Tchela Claka, apostolic vicariate of Harar, Ethiopia. From a family of eight siblings, of which all but one live in Ethiopia.

Education. Studied at the Minor Seminary of Guder, directed by the Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians or Lazarists); at Makanissa Major Seminary (licentiate in philosophy); then, he studied theology at King's College in London; and finally, attended the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in sociology.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 4, 1976, Addis Ababa. Pastoral work as a missionary in the southwestern part of the country, 1976-1980. He was imprisoned in Jimma for seven months during a crackdown on religious leaders by the Communist military regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam. Elected delegate to Lazarist General Assembly in Rome, 1980-1983. Further studies, Rome, 1981-1983. Pastoral work in Addis Ababa, 1983-1990. Provincial superior of the Lazarists in Addis Ababa, 1990. After Communist junta was overthrown in 1991, he became professor at the Seminary of Addis Ababa. Episcopal vicar of Kaffa and Illubabor. First apostolic prefect of Jimma-Bonga June 10, 1994. During his life as a priest he fought constantly against and denounced human trafficking.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Bita and appointed auxiliary of Addis Ababa, November 7, 1997. Consecrated, January 25, 1998, at the cathedral of the Nativity, Addis Ababa, by Cardinal Paulos Tzadua, archbishop of Addis Ababa, assisted by Yohannes Woldegiorgis, titular bishop of Forma and apostolic vicar of Meki, and by Woldetensaé Ghebreghiorghis, titular bishop of Asuoremista, apostolic vicar of Harar. Named apostolic administrator sede vacante of Addis Ababa, June 16, 1998. Promoted to the metropolitan archeparchy of Addis Ababa, June 23, 1999. Received the pallium on June 29, 1999 from Pope John Paul II at the patriarchal Vatican basilica. In December 2008, he was one of a dozen Ethiopian religious figures who adopted a resolution against homosexuality, urging lawmakers to approve banning homosexual activity in the Ethiopian constitution. President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Ethiopia and Eritrea. In July 2014, he was elected chairman of the Association of Member Episcopal Conferences in Eastern Africa (AMECEA) based in Nairobi, Kenya. Participated in the Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on "The Pastoral Challenges of the Family in the Context of Evangelization", celebrated at the Vatican on October 5 to 19, 2014.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Romano Martire on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches; and of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral of Immigrants and Itinerants. Took possession of his title on October 18, 2015.

Birth. May 5, 1948, Waipawa, diocese of Palmerston North, New Zealand. Son of George and Joan Dew. He has two sisters.

Education. Initial studies at St. Joseph's Primary school, Waipukurarau, staffed by the Sisters of St Joseph of Nazareth; then, he attended St. Joseph's (now Chanel) College, Masterton, staffed by the Marist Brothers; he then went to the Marist Brothers Juniorate in Tuakau for a short time. For about a year he worked at the Bank of New Zealand in Waipukurau and at Anderson's Nurseries in Napier and studied horticulture. He began his studies for the priesthood at Holy Name Seminary, Christchurch, where he studied philosophy under Jesuit professors for two years; and then for five years he studied theology at Holy Cross Seminary, Mosgiel, under the priest of the Congregation of the Mission of St. Vincent de Paul. He played rugby union for the Holy Cross Seminary team in the position of prop; finally, from 1991 to 1992, he studied spirituality at the Institute of St. Anselm, Kent, United Kingdom.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 9, 1976, Waipukurarau, by Cardinal Reginald Delargey, archbishop of Wellington. Pastoral ministry in St Joseph's parish, Upper Hutt, from 1976 to 1979; in 1980 he travelled to the diocese of Rarotonga and in the Cook Islands as a missionary, working in the Maori community. There he also served as parish priest and head of archdiocesan youth ministry 1983 to 1987. In 1988 he was appointed director of formation at Holy Cross College in Mosgiel, serving until 1991. From 1991 to 1993, he studied spirituality at the Institute of Saint Anselm in Kent, England. After earning a diploma, he stayed in England and began serving as parish priest in St. Anne's parish, Newtown, from 1993 to 1995.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Privata and appointed auxiliary of Wellington, April 1, 1995. Consecrated, May 31, 1995, at the Wellington Town Hall, Wellington, by Cardinal Thomas Stafford Williams, archbishop of Wellington, assisted by Denis George Browne, bishop of Hamilton, and by Peter James Cullimane, bishop of Palmerston North. His episcopal motto is Peace through Integrity - Pax iustitiae. Secretary of the New Zealand Catholic Bishops Conference. Episcopal Deputy for the Bioethics Center; and for the National Council for Young Catholics. Promoted to archbishop coadjutor of Wellington, May 24, 2004. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Wellington, March 21, 2005. Received the pallium from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2005 at the papal Vatican basilica. With a number of bishops in 2005, he expressed that couples who had divorced and those who had remarried should also freely receive the Eucharist.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Ippolito on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples; and of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity. He participated in the 14th General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, which took place at the Vatican from October 4 to 25, 2015 on the theme "The vocation and mission of the family in the Church and in the contemporary world". He took possession of his title on November 29, 2015. On May 5, 2023, the pope accepted the resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Wellington. He was succeeded by Paul Gerard Martin, S.M., until then coadjutor archbishop of that see.

Birth. October 14, 1939, San Severino Marche, Italy.

Education. He attended grammar and middle schools at the Seminary of San Severino Marche; then, studied philosophy and theology at the Pontifical Regional Seminary Pius XI of Fano; later, he attended the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, where he earned a licentiate in pastoral theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 3, 1965 for the diocese of San Severino Marche, which in 1986 was united to the archdiocese of Camerino with the denomination of Camerino-San Severino Marche. Assistant pastor of the parish of S. Giuseppe in San Severino Marche and simultaneously he was teacher of religion in state schools of the capital. From 1968 until 1991, he worked as an official at the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. In the 1970s he was spiritual assistant of the group «Roma 71» of the lupetti (Scouts). Later, from 1992 to 1994, he worked at the Congregation for Oriental Churches as officer of the Secretariat. He also held the post of secretary to the then prefect, Cardinal Achille Silvestrini. Meanwhile, he realized pastoral work as cooperator at the parish of SS. Cuori di Gesú e Maria and as chaplain of Mafalda Clinic. He also collaborated at the Family Counseling Office of the Faculty of Medicine at the Agostino Gemelli Hospital and was chaplain of the Clinic. He took an active part in the Synod of the diocese of Rome.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Chieti-Vasto, June 10, 1994. Consecrated, July 9, 1994, at the patriarchal Liberian basilica, by Cardinal Achille Silvestrini, assisted by Antonio Valentini, archbishop emeritus of Chieti-Vasto, and by Piergiorgio Silvano Nesti, C.P., archbishop of Camerino-San Severino Marche. His episcopal motto is Sub lumine Matris. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Amcona-Osimo, January 8, 2004. He entered the archdiocese the following March 7. He is currently the national ecclesiastical assistant of the Association of Italian Catholic Physicians. He participated, by papal appointment, in the Third Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on the theme of the Family held at the Vatican in October 2014. He is known for driving a very old, small Fiat Panda, and for living with great simplicity.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of Sacri Cuori di Gesù e Maria a Tor Fiorenza on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches; and of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral of Health Care Workers. Took possession of his title on June 12, 2015. He participated, by papal appointment, in the 14th Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on the theme of the Family held at the Vatican in October 2015. The pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo on July 14, 2017. He was succeeded by Angelo Spina, bishop of Sulmona Valva. He was apostolic administrator of the archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo until the installation of his successor. On September 30, 2017, the pope named him member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature. On October 14, 2019, he turned eighty years old and, therefore, he lost the right to participate in the conclave.

Birth. January 30, 1939, Celaya, archdiocese of Morelia, México. His is the youngest of eleven siblings of a profoundly Christian family.

Education. He attended elementary, primary and secondary school in Colegio México directed by the Lasallian Brothers. His vocation to the priesthood was born in the group of Catholic scouts. Studied humanities at the Seminary of Morelia from 1953; and from 1958, he studied philosophy and theology, at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a licentiate in philosophy; while in Rome, he resided at Pontificio Colegio Pío Latino Americano.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 8, 1964, in his parish of origin in Celaya, by Luis María Altamirano y Bulnes, archbishop of Morelia; incardinated in the archdiocese of Morelia. When the diocese of Celaya was established on October 13, 1973, he became part of the clergy of that new ecclesiastical circumscription. His first pastoral post was as parish vicar in San José of Morelia; and later, in the basilica of Pátzcuaro. He was then entrusted with the teaching of some subjects in the archiepiscopal seminary: introduction to the Scriptures, liturgy and history of salvation. Some time later, he was appointed as the first parish priest of the new community of the Assumption of Mary, in his hometown of Celaya. With the creation of the homonymous diocese, in 1974 he was appointed rector of the minor seminary, a position held until 1985.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Tacámbaro, November 5, 1985. Consecrated, in Tacámbaro, December 20, 1985, by Girolamo Prigione, titular archbishop of Lauriaco, apostolic delegate to México, assisted by Estanislao Alcaraz y Figueroa, archbishop of Morelia, and by Luis Morales Reyes, coadjutor bishop of Torreón. His episcopal motto is Non enim vivimus Domino. Participated in the Fourth General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate (CELAM) celebrated in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992; and in the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops, celebrated at the Vatican. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Morelia, January 20, 1995 (1). Took possession of the see on February 23, 1995. Received the pallium from Pope John Paul II on June 29, 1995 at the patriarchal Vatican basilica. During his pastoral government, he promoted the creation of the new diocese of Irapuato, formed with territory dismembered from the archdiocese of Morelia and that of León; established more than 40 new parishes and ordered about 300 priests and four bishops. He also made three pastoral visits; presided over eight diocesan assemblies and promoted three diocesan pastoral plans. In the Mexican Episcopal Conference (CEM), he was responsible for the social support of the clergy and president of the clergy commission, which established diocesan leaders for the permanent formation of priests. Responsible for the commission for the creation of new dioceses, including those of Cuautitlán-Izcalli and Nogales. He was responsible for the educational pastoral organism. Vice-President of the Mexican Episcopal Conference, 2004-2006; reelected, 2006-2009. President of the Episcopal Commission for the Commemoration of the Bicentennial of the Independence of México and the Centennial of the Revolution. He edited the document of the episcopate Educar para una nueva sociedad. Morelia is a diocese that has been hard hit by the current wave of drug-related violence in México, a state in which several priests have been killed in the last years.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Policarpo on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Clergy; and of the Pontifical Council Iustitia et Pax. Took possession of his title on October 11, 2015. Participated in the Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 4 to 25, 2015 on the topic "The vocation and mission of the family in the Church and the contemporary world"; by papal appointment. On November 5, 2016, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Morelia for reasons of age. He was succeeded by Carlos Garfias Merlos, until then archbishop of Acapulco, México. He lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on January 30, 2019.

Birth. October 29, 1948, Mohla, archdiocese of Mandalay, Burma (now Myanmar). From a family of farmers. Youngest child of U John Bo and Julian Daw Aye Tin. His father died when he was two years old.

Education. Soon after his father's death he was entrusted to the Salesian Fathers of Mandalay from whom he received a solid formation; entered the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco) in the Seminary "Nazareth".

Priesthood. Ordained, April 9, 1976. Upon his priestly ordination, he was assigned as parish priest at Loihkam from 1976 to 1981; and in Lashio from 1981 to 1983. After serving as parish priest, from 1983 until 1985, he was posted at Anisakan as formator. He served as apostolic administrator in Lashio from 1985 to 1986; and as apostolic prefect from 1986 to 1990. When the prefecure was elevated to the rank of diocese, he was named its first bishop.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Lashio, July 7, 1990. Consecrated, December 16, 1990, at the cathedral of the Sacré Coeur, by Alphonse U Than Aung, archbishop of Mandalay, assisted by Abraham Than, bishop of Kengtung, and by Paul Zingtung Grawng, bishop of Myitkyina. His episcopal motto is Omnia Possum In Eo. Transferred to the diocese of Pathein, March 13, 1996. He was president of the Episcopal Conference of Myanmar from 2000 to 2006. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Yangon, May 15, 2003. President of the Episcopal Conference of Myanmar. Member of the Pontifical Council for Culture. He is a firm defender of interreligious dialog in a predominantly Buddhist country.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Ireneo a Centocelle on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life; and of the Pontifical Council for Culture. Took possession of his title on October 21, 2015. On October 24, 2015, he was named papal legate to the fifty-first International Eucharistic Congress that was celebrated in Cebu, Philippines, from January 24 to 31, 2016. On July 13, 2016, he was named member of the Secretariat for Communications. On July 14, 2018, he was named one of the Presidents Delegate of the 15th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops programmed for October 3 to 28, 2018. On November 16, 2018, he was elcted president of the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences (FABC). On June 1, 2022, the pope named him member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.

Birth. June 27, 1949, Bam Rak, apostolic vicariate of Bangkok (now archdiocese of Bangkok), Thailand. From parents originally from China. Second of the four children of Joseph-Piti Kovithavanij and Teresa Pacharin. He was baptized on the following August 14 in the cathedral of the Assumption of Bangkok by Father Paul Mattew Kritcharoen. He received the sacrament of confirmation on November 9, 1958, in the same cathedral, from Louis-August-Clément Chorin, M.E.P., titular bishop of Polistilo, apostolic vicar of Bangkok.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Saint Joseph in Sampran; later, he was sent to Rome to study philosophy and theology at the Pontifical Urbanian University from 1970-1976, residing at Collegio Urbano; from 1982 to 1983, he studied in spirituality at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 11, 1976, by Michael Michai Kitbunchu, archbishop of Bangkok; incardinated in the archdiocese of Bangkok. In 1976, he was named assistant priest of the Nativity of Mary Church in Ban Pan; in the years 1977-1979, he was assistant priest of Epiphany Church in Koh Go; then, vice-rector of the Minor Seminary of St. Joseph in Sampran (1979-1981). Further studies in Rome, 1982 to 1983. Returning home, he was for six years rector of the Holy Family Intermediate Seminary in Nakhon Ratchasima; then, from 1989 to 1993, he was under secretary of the Episcopal Conference of Thailand; in the years 1992-2000, he was rector of the National Major Seminary Lux Mundi in Sampran. Extraordinary professor at the Major Seminary of Sampran since 2001; pastor of the parish of Our Lady of Lourdes in Hua Take from 2000 to 2003; then, pastor of the cathedral of Bangkok and secretary of the Council of Priests of the Archdiocese of Bangkok from 2003 to 2007.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Nakhon Sawan, March 7, 2007. Consecrated, June 2, 2007, at at Nakhon Sawan indoor stadium, by Cardinal Michael Michai Kitbunchu, archbishop of Bangkok, assisted by Salvatore Pennacchio, titular archbishop of Montemarano, nuncio to Thailand, Singapore, Cambodia and apostolic delegate to Myanmar, Laos, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam; and by Joseph Banchong Aribarg, bishop emeritus of Nakhon Sawan. His episcopal motto is Verbum Crucis Dei Virtus Est. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Bangkok, May 14, 2009. In 2009, he was elected vice-president of the Episcopal Conference of Thailand.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Maria Addolorata on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples; and of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications. Took possession of his title on October 11, 2015.

Birth. May 22, 1946, Messina, Italy. His father was a carabinier.

Education. He completed all his education, grammar school, high school, philosophy and theology, at the Archiepiscopal Seminary "San Pio X" in Messina. He attended courses in pastoral theology at the Ignatianum of Messina, 1969-1971.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 8, 1969, by Archbishop Francesco Fasola of Messina. Incardinated in the archdiocese of Messina. He exercised his priestly ministry in a peripheral area of the city from 1971 to 1988; and later, he was private secretary to Archbishops Francesco Fasola and Ignatius Cannavò. In 1988-1998, he was pastor of the parish of St. Clement in Messina; from 1988, he was director of Diocesan Caritas, regional delegate of Caritas and regional representative of National Caritas. He has also held the following positions: teacher of Religion; diocesan assistant to the Italian Sports Center; diocesan director of the Apostleship of Prayer; Mansionario of the Chapter of the Archimandritate; rector of the Shrine-Church of St. Rita; and spiritual director of the Minor Seminary. He was also member of the Council of Priests. From 1997 to 2000, he was pro-vicar general of the archdiocese of Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela; and since 1998, canon of the protometropolitan cathedral chapter of Messina.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Aurusuliana and appointed auxiliary of Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela, March 18, 2000. Consecrated, April 29, 2000, at the cathedral basilica of SS Assunta, Messina, by Giovanni Marra, archbishop of Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela, assisted by Ignazio Cannavò, archbishop Emeritus of Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela, and by Francesco Sgalambro, bishop of Cefalù. His episcopal motto is Caritas sine modo. From May 2003 to May 2008, he was president of Italian Caritas. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Agrigento, February 23, 2008; took possession of the see the following May 17. Received the pallium from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2008 at the papal Vatican basilica. In 2012, he denied a Church funeral to a Mafia leader. In the Italian Episcopal Conference, since 2013, he is president of the Episcopal Commission for Migration and president of the Foundation "Migrantes". He has been closely involved in efforts to assist the tens of thousands of migrants who have crossed the Mediterranean and landed on the Italian islands of Lampedusa and Sicily as a stage in their perilous journeys to northern Europe. Archbishop Montenegro accompanied the pope when he visited Lampedusa in July 2013, his first official trip outside Rome.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of Ss. Andrea e Gregorio al Monte Celio on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Pontifical Council for Culture; and of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral of Immigrants and Itinerants. Took possession of his title on April 19, 2015. On May 22, 2021, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Agrigento. He was succeeded by Alessandro Damiano, until then coadjutor archbishop of that see. On August 7, 2021, the pope named him member of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints. On October 22, 2021, the pope named him member of the Dicastery for the Service of the Integral Human Development.

Birth. July 4, 1959, Montevideo, Uruguay. His father was a lawyer and died when Daniel Fernando was 13; and his mother, a housewife, died when he was 16. He is the youngest of five children. The other siblings are Martín, who was an important politician at the end of the 20th century; María Isabel; María Antonia; and María Laura. They belonged to the parish of María Auxiliadora in Montevideo. He received his first communion in 1969 at Colegio San Juan Bautista, of the Brothers of the Holy Family.

Education. He completed his studies grammar and high school students (up to 4th year) at Colegio San Juan Bautista, of the Brothers of the Holy Family. Entered the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco) in the Province of Uruguay. Did the noviatiate in 1979 and the first profession on January 31, 1980; the master of novices was Father Mario Silvestre. After obtaining the baccalaureate in civil law at the John XXIII Institute, he completed the studies in philosophy and education science at the Salesian Institute "Miguel Rúa" in Montevideo. He studied theology at the Monsignor Mariano Soler Uruguayan Theological Institute (now Faculty of Theology) from 1984 to 1987 obtaining the baccalaureate in theology; later, in 2006, he obtained the licentiate in theology in the same Institute. He did his practical internship (tricinio) in the "Talleres Don Bosco", 1982-1983, which was directed by Father Nicolás Cotugno, S.D.B., future archbishop of Montevideo.

Priesthood. Ordained, November 21, 1987, parish of María Auxiliadora in calle Canelones, Montevideo, by José Gottardi Cristelli, S.D.B., archbishop of Montevideo. He was counselor of studies at the "Talleres Don Bosco" 1988-1990; and worked in the early stages of the Tacurú Movement, an institution that seeks to improve the living conditions of poor adolescents. Vicar of the Salesian Novitiate and Postnovitiate, 1991-1993. Director of the Salesian Aspirantship and master of novices from 1994 to 1996. Director of the Pre-University Institute Juan XXIII from 2003 to 2008; and professor of history of the Church from 2007 to 2008. On October 28, 2008, he was named Salesian Inspector in Uruguay. On May 27, 2009, he was elected president of the Conference of Religious of Uruguay (CONFRU). He has published "1916-1917: Separación de la Iglesia y el Estado en el Uruguay", Instituto Teológico del Uruguay Mariano Soler, Libro Anual, 1993; and "¿Santa o de Turismo? Calendario y secularización en el Uruguay", Instituto Superior Salesiano, colección Proyecto Educativo, 2010.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Felbes and appointed auxiliary of Montevideo, December 10, 2011. Consecrated, March 4, 2012, at the metropolitan cathedral of Montevideo, by Nicolás Domingo Cotugno Fanizzi, S.D.B., archbishop of Montevideo, assisted by Arturo Eduardo Fajardo Bustamante, bishop of San José de Mayo, and by Milton Luis Tróccoli Cebedio, titular bishop of Munaziana, auxiliary of Montevideo. His episcopal motto is Servite Domino in laetitia. In the Episcopal Conference of Uruguay, he is responsible for the Department of Missions and of Laymen. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Montevideo on February 11, 2014. Took possession of the see on the following March 9 in the metropolitan cathedral. Received the pallium from Pope Francis on June 29, 2014 at the papal Vatican basilica.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Galla on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life; and of the Pontifical Council for the New Evangelization. He took possession of his title on May 17, 2015. On August 22, 2015, he was named special papal envoy to the Fifth National Eucharistic Congress of Bolivia, which was celebrated in Tarija from September 16 to 20, 2015. Named member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on September 5, 2015. On January 30, 2020, the pope named him special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 500° anniversary of the first mass in Argentinian territory programmed for the city of Puerto San Julián, province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, on March 31–April 1, 2020; the celebrations were cancelled due to the coronavirus epidemic. On March 18, 2020, the Pope named him member of the Cardinalitial Commission of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See. On June 1, 2022, the pope named him member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.

Bibliography. Bransom, Jr., Charles N. Revue des ordinations épiscopales. Mango, Florida : Bransom, 2013, n. 22, p. 8.

Birth. April 13, 1942, Villanueva del Campillo, diocese of Ávila, Spain. Second child of Alfonso Blázquez de la Losa and Florencia Pérez de Serranos (1914-2007), modest cattle ranchers.

Education. Studied at the Minor Seminary of Ávila from 1955 to 1960 (high school); and at the Major Seminary of Ávila from 1960 to 1967 (ecclesiastical studies); later, from 1967-1972, he studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, February 18, 1967, by Santos Moro Briz, bishop of Ávila. Further studies in Rome, 1967-1972. He was secretary of the Abulense Institute from 1972 to 1976. In the Pontifical University of Salamanca he was professor of theology from 1974 to 1988; dean from 1978 to 1981; and from 2000 to 2004, its grand chancellor; elected grand chancellor again on November 18, 2015.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Germa di Galazia and appointed auxiliary of Santiago de Compostela, April 8, 1988. Consecrated, at the metropolitan cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, May 29, 1988, by Antonio María Rouco Varela, archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, assisted by Cardinal Ángel Suquía Goicoechea, archbishop of Madrid, and by Mario Tagliaferri, titular archbishop of Formia, nuncio to Spain. His episcopal motto is Resurrexit. Transferred to the see of Palencia, May 26, 1992. President of the commission for the Doctrine of the Faith of the Spanish Episcopal Conference from 1993 to 2003. Transferred to the see of Bilbao, September 8, 1995. President of the Spanish Episcopal Conference from 2005 to 2008; its vice-president from 2008 to 2014; elected its president again in March 2014; ceased as president in March 2020. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Valladolid, March 13, 2010; he took possesion of the see on the following April 17. Participated in the Third Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on the theme of the Family celebrated at the Vatican in October 2014. In addition to collaborating in the preparation of many documents of the Spanish Episcopal Conference, he has published many books and articles on theology. He is co-patron of Colegio Español de San José, Rome.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Maria in Vallicella on that same day. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith; and of the Pontifical Council for Culture. Participated in the 14th General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, which took place at the Vatican from October 4 to 25, 2015 on the theme "The vocation and mission of the family in the Church and in the contemporary world". He was named member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches on June 27, 2015. Took possession of his title on October 11, 2015. On January 8, 2016, he was named member of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See. On March 14, 2017, he was re-elected president of the Spanish Episcopal Conference for the triennium 2017-2020; ceased as president, March 3, 2020. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned eighty years old on April 13, 2022. On June 17, 2022, the pope accepted his resignation from the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Valladolid. To succeed him, the pope named Luis Javier Argüello García, until then titular bishop of Ipagro and auxiliary of Valladolid; Cardinal Blázquez will be apostolic administrator of Valladolid until the taking of possession of his succesor.

Birth. February 24, 1944, Pamplona, Spain.

Education. Entered the Order of the Recollects of Saint Augustine, province of Nuestra Señora de la Consolación. He studied at the Minor Seminary of San José of the Augustinian Fathers in Artieda; then, he attended the courses of philosophy in Zaragoza; and studied theology in the Major Augustinian Seminary Nuestra Señora de la Consolación in Pamplona. He made his solemn profession in the Order of Augustinians Recollects on September 16, 1967, in Pamplona.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 13, 1969, Pamplona. About two years later he was sent to Panamá, where he was rector of Colego San Agustín; rector of the University of Santa María la Antigua; and president of the Federation of Catholic Schools.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Partenia and appointed auxiliary of Panamá, December 30, 1985. Consecrated, in Panamá, January 18, 1986, by José Sebastián Laboa Gallego, titular archbishop of Zaraï, nuncio to Panamá, assisted by Marcos Gregorio McGrath, C.S.C., archbishop of Panamá, and by José Agustín Ganuza García, O.A.R., titular bishop of Pauzera, prelate emeritus of Bocas del Toro. His episcopal motto is Praesumus Si Prosumus. Transferred to the see of Chitré, October 29, 1994. Transferred to the see of David, July 2, 1999. President of the Episcopal Conference of Panamá from 2000 to 2004; and from 2007 to 2013. He works with indigenous peoples to protect them from mining interests.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Giuseppe da Cupertino on that same day. He is the first cardinal of Panamá and of the Order of Augustinian Recollects (O.A.R.). On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for Catholic Education; and of the Pontifical Council for Culture. Named member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on September 5, 2015. Took possession of his title on October 18, 2015. On February 18, 2023, the pope named him member of the Dicastery for Culture and Education.

Birth. November 15, 1949, Figueira das Naus, Santa Caterina, diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde, Cabo Verde. Fourth child of Ernesto Robalo Gomes and Maria Furtado. He was baptized in the parish of Santa Catarina in August 1951.

Education. Primary studies in Achada Lém, Santa Catarina. He entered the Minor Seminary São José, on October 1, 1963, where he made his high school studies. On September 11, 1971, he left for Coimbra, Portugal, in order to continue his studies at the Major Seminary of that city. After completing the courses of theology at the Institute of Theological Studies, he returned to Cape Verde in 1976. He was ordained deacon by Bishop Dom Paulino Livramento Évora, C.S.Sp., bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde, on May 9, 1976, at the Seminary of São José. He worked as a deacon in the parish of Nossa Senhora da Graça, Praia; from August 1986, he studied at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome, where he obtained a licentiate in Sacred Scripture. He returned to Cabo Verde in 1990.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 18, 1976, parish of Santa Catarina by Bishop Évora. Named parochial vicar of Nossa Senhora da Graça. From 1978 to 1986, he was rector of the Minor Seminary São José. Further studies in Rome, 1986-1990. Returning to Cape Verde in 1990, he resided in Seminary São José. For a year he assisted the areas of Lém-Dog and Achada São Filipe. That same year he taught the English at the Lyceum Domingo Ramos. From 1991 to 1995, he taught Biblical Greek, Hebrew, history and geography of the Biblical peoples and held the chair of Old Testament in the Institute of Theological Studies of Coimbra, Portugal. During his stay in that diocese, he was parochial administrator of two communities, Amel and Vila Pouca. He collaborated in the translators team of the "Nova Bíblia dos Capuchinhos", translating the books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Ben Sirah, and wrote their introductions. Published some articles and reviews in "Revista Bíblica", scientific series; and in the review "Dabar", of the Theology Students Association of Coimbra. In 1995 he returned to Cape Verde to take over the parish of Nossa Senhora da Graça. He was a member of the National Council of Education and professor at the School of Police Training. Until 2004 he was vicar general of the diocese of Cabo Verde.

Episcopate. Elected first bishop of Mindelo, November 14, 2003. Consecrated, February 22, 2004, in Praia, sítio de Quebra-Canela, by Paulino do Livramento Évora, C.S.Sp., bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde, assisted by Albino Mamede Cleto, bishop of Coimbra, and by José Câmnate na Bissign, bishop of Bissau. His episcopal motto is Jesus, O Bom Pastor. Transferred to the see of Santiago de Cabo Verde, the oldest diocese in Africa, July 22, 2009. He took possession of the see on August 15, 2009.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Timoteo on that same day. He is the first cardinal from Cabo Verde. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples; and of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum. Took possession of his title on May 10, 2015.

Birth. December 19, 1961, Nuku'alofa, Island of Tongatapu, diocese of Tonga, Kingdom of Tonga. Son and grandson of catechists.

Education. He grew up in Tonga and joined a youth group at his parish in the settlement of Kolofo'ou, near the capital, on the main island, Tongatapu. He studied philosophy and theology at the Pacific Regional Seminary in Fiji; from 1998 to 1999, he made higher studies of psychology at Loyola College in Baltimore, United States of America.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1991, by Patelisio Punou-Ki-Hihifo Finau, S.M., bishop of Tonga. After ordination, he was parish priest at Ha'apai on an outer island (1992-1994). Vicar general and pastor in Nuku'alofa from 1995 to 1997. Further studies in Baltimore from 1998 to 1999. Returning home, he was parish priest in Houma (199-2000); then professor and trainer at the Pacific Regional Seminar in Fiji since 2003 and vice-rector of the same seminary.

Episcopate. Elected coadjutor bishop of Tonga, June 28, 2007. Consecrated, October 4, 2007, at the cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, Ma'ufonga, by Soane Lilo Foliaki, S.M., bishop of Tonga, assisted by Alapati Lui Mataeliga, archbishop of Samoa-Apia, Samoa, and by Petero Mataca, archbishop of Suva, Fiji. He thus became the first diocesan priest to be bishop in the history of the nation. His episcopal motto is Ke Loloto e Tui. Succeeded to the see of Tonga, April 21, 2008. President of the Episcopal Conference of the Pacific Ocean since 2010. Participated in the Third Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on the theme of the Family celebrated at the Vatican in October 2014.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Paola Romana in that same day. He is the first cardinal from Tonga and, at the time of his creation, was the youngest member of the College of Cardinals. On April 13, 2015, he was named member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples; and of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum. On June 30, 2015, he was named knight grand cross of the Order of Queen Salote Tupou III. Took possession of his title on December 5, 2015.

Birth. February 18, 1919, Zapatoca, diocese of Socorro y San Gil, Colombia. Son of Agustín Pimiento and Salomé Rodríguez. His baptismal name was José de Jesús Horacio.

Education. He completed his ecclesiastical studies in the Minor Seminary of San Gil and in the Major Seminary of Bogotá.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 14, 1941, for the diocese of Socorro and San Gil, by Ismael Perdomo Borrero, archbishop of Bogotá. He exercised his priestly ministry as vicar coadjutor in the parishes of Mogotes, cathedral of San Gil and Vélez; as substitute vicar in Zapatoca; as seminary syndic and professor; as chaplain in the hospital of San Gil; as coordinator of Acción Social; and of the Catholic Action in the diocesan curia.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Apollonide and appointed auxiliary of Pasto, June 14, 1955. Consecrated, August 28, 1955, at the metropolitan cathedral of Bogotá, by Cardinal Crisanto Luque y Sánchez, archbishop of Bogotá, assisted by Emilio Botero González, bishop of Pasto, and by Pedro José Rivera Mejía, bishop of Socorro y San Gil. His episcopal motto was Vivere Christus est. Transferred to the see of Montería, December 30, 1959. Participated in the four sessions of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965. Transferred to the see of Garzón, February 29, 1964. Took part in the General Conferences of the Latin American Episcopate (CELAM) of Medellín (1968); Puebla (1979) and Santo Domingo (1992). For two consecutive mandates, 1972 to 1978, he was president of the Colombian Episcopal Conference. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Manizales, May 22, 1975. During his episcopate in Manizales he founded the Center for Evangelization and Catechesis of the Archdiocese of Manizales (CECAM); the Youth House; and the House of Guidance of the Young; reinforced the structure of the towers of the cathedral, damaged by the earthquake of 1979; remodeled the Minor Seminary in 1979 and subsequently adjusted it as Archdiocesan Seminary; he organized a joint relief effort because of the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano in 1985 through the promotion of about a hundred housing solutions in the Municipality of Chinchiná, the Papayal veredas, Los Cuervos and La Guayana de Villamaría and in the agricultural villages of La Paz and Encanto, among other works. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Manizales, October 15, 1996. Then, served as a missionary in the parish of Turbo, in the diocese of Apartadó. Apostolic administrator of the diocese of Socorro y San Gil from November 2001 to June 2003. He resided in the Foyer de Charité San Pablo, in Bucaramanga.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the title of S. Giovanni Crisostomo a Monte Sacro Alto on that same day. He had reached age 80 before becoming a cardinal, so was not eligible to participate in a conclave. He did not go to Rome to participate in the consistory because of his advanced age. He received the red biretta and the cardinalitial ring in Colombia on February 28, 2015 in the metropolitan cathedral of Bogotá from Cardinal Rubén Salazar Gómez, archbishop of that city. On September 7, 2017, he participated in the Mass celebrated by Pope Francis in the Simón Bolívar Park of Bogotá on the occasion of the apostolic pilgrimage to Colombia. On February 18, 2019, he turned 100 years old. He had recently been hospitalized after a fall and released.

Birth. February 23, 1926, in the parish of S. Cecilia, the cathedral, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. From a well known family in that city. Youngest of the six children of Count Edmondo De Magistris (January 4, 1873-October 5, 1959), a physician, known as Don Mundinu, and called the "doctor of the poor", and Agnese Ballero (January 3, 1884-August 27, 1974). One of his brothers, Paolo, was mayor of the Sardinian capital; and another became legal adviser to the President of the Republic of Italy, Antonio Segni.

Education. After attending kindergarten and the first two years of elementary school in the Institute of Divine Providence of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, he went to the public elementary school "Santa Caterina" and continued his studies in state institutes, "Siotto” for the gymnasium and “Dettori” for the classical high school. Although the vocation to the priesthood was precocious, following his father's advice, before entering the seminary he enrolled in the Faculty of Letters of the University of Cagliari, where he obtained his degree in 1947 by discussing a thesis based on the comparison between Cicero's De officiis and the De officiis ministrorum of Saint Ambrose. With the approval of Archbishop Ernesto Maria Piovella of Cagliari, he then went to Rome to study at the Pontifical Roman Major Seminary from 1948 to 1953. In his philosophical and theological training, among his teachers were Pietro Parente and Pietro Palazzini, future cardinals. In 1953, obtained the laurea in theology.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 12 1952, in the cathedral of Cagliari, by Paolo Botto, archbishop of Cagliari. The following morning he celebrated his first Mass in the church of the Purissima, also in the Sardinian capital. Incardinated in the archdiocese of Cagliari. From 1953 to 1958, he was, first, notary and then, defender of the bond in the Sardinian Regional Ecclesiastical Tribunal. At the same time he had performed the priestly ministry in the parish of the Beata Vergine del Rimedio, alongside the parish priest Monsignor Mosè Farci. He also taught in public schools; and was assistant to laureati and teachers of the Catholic Action. Professor at the Archdiocesan Seminary of Cagliari from 1955 to 1957. In 1957, at the invitation of Monsignor Antonio Piolanti and with the approval of the archbishop of Cagliari, he returned to Rome to work initially as secretary of the Pontifical Lateran University, called by its new rector, Antonio Pioli. Then, called by Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, he went to the Holy Office. From February 1959 to 1967, he was notary prima of the S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments, Office of the Doctrine of the Faith. From 1960 to 1964, he was defender of the bond in that Congregation. In 1964, he was named commissary of the same Congregation. From 1967 to 1969, he was head of office of the S.C. for the Doctrine of the Faith. In 1968, he was named honorary canon of the metropolitan cathedral chapter of Cagliari. In February 1969, he was named minutant at the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church, then guided by Archbishop Agostino Casaroli. Prelate of honor of His Holiness on August 27, 1973. Named regent of the Apostolic Penitentiary on April 11, 1979. In 1979, he became consultor of the S.C. for the Causes of the Saints. In 1992, he became permanent expert of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Nova, March 6, 1996. Consecrated, April 28, 1996, at the collegiate church of Sant'Anna, Cagliari, by Cardinal Giovanni Canestri, archbishop emeritus of Genoa, assisted by Ottorino Pietro Alberti, archbishop of Cagliari, and by Tarcisio Pillolla, titular bishop of Cartenne, auxiliary of Cagliari. His episcopal motto was Iuste Iudica Proximo. Named pro-penitentiary major and promoted to the rank of archbishop, November 22, 2001. Resigned the post because of age and became pro-penitentiary major emeritus, October 4, 2003 (1). He continued to work in the care of souls in the Roman communities of San Francesco a Ripa and, above all, of San Salvatore in Lauro. In 2010, for health reasons, he returned permanently to Cagliari, in the old family home, in a street in the historic Castello district. Welcomed by Archbishop Giuseppe Mani and his successor, Archbishop Arrigo Miglio, he always remained particularly active in the ministry of confessor in the Cagliari cathedral. He was consultor of the Congregations for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, of the Causes of the Saints, for the Evangelization of Peoples, for the Clergy, and of the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei".

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the deaconry of SS. Nomi de Gesù e Maria in via Lata on that same day. He had reached age 80 before becoming a cardinal, so he was not eligible to participate in a conclave. He took possession of his deaconry on February 17, 2015.

Birth. April 11, 1934, Nürnberg, archdiocese of Bamberg, Germany. Only child of Dr. Leopold Rauber (1901-1981), a ministerial advisor, and Mathilde Wedermann (1904-1974), a teacher. Baptized on April 13, 1934, in the chapel of the hospital Theresienkrankenhaus, in Nürnberg, which belongs to the parish Allerheiligen, by Father Josef Wagner.

Education. Elementary school in Nürnberg and Körbeldorf, where he had to move with his mother, after Nürnberg was bombed during the Second World War. The family later moved to Saarbrücken, then to Mainz. Secondary education at the Benedictine St.-Michaels-Gymnasium in Metten, where he obtained the Abitur in 1950. He studied theology and philosophy at the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz. From October 1, 1962, he studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law in 1966. At the same time, he studied diplomacy at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. Besides his native language, German, he spoke fluently English, French, Italian, Spanish and Latin.

Priesthood. Ordained, February 28, 1959, at the cathedral of St. Martin of Mainz, by Albert Stohr, bishop of Mainz. Incardinated in the diocese of Mainz. From 1959 to 1962, he was chaplain in the parish Liebfrauen in Nidda. Further studies in Rome from 1962. Entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on October 1, 1966 and served at the Secretariat of State as personal secretary to Archbishop Giovanni Benelli (future cardinal), substitute of the Secretariat of State and secretary of the cipher; auditor of nunciature first class; he served at the Secretariat of State until 1977, as head of the German section. On October 20, 1971, he was named chaplain of honor of His Holiness. Named prelate of honor of His Holiness on December 22, 1976. From 1977 to 1981, he worked in the apostolic nunciature in Belgium. From 1981 to 1982, he worked in the apostolic nunciature in Greece. On February 1, 1982, he was named chargé d'affaires ad interim of the papal representation in Uganda.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Giubaltiana and appointed pro-nuncio to Uganda, December 18, 1982. Consecrated, January 6, 1983, at the patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, archbishop emeritus of Bangalore, secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. His episcopal motto was Caritas Christi urget nos. Named president of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, January 22, 1990. Named nuncio to Switzerland and Liechtenstein, March 16, 1993. Named honorary canon of the Augustinian Abbey of Saint-Maurice, Switzerland, 1997. Named nuncio to Hungary and Moldova, April 25, 1997. Named nuncio to Belgium and Luxembourg, February 22, 2003. Retired because of reasons of age from the nunciature to Belgium on June 18, 2009; and from the nunciature to Luxembourg on July 24, 2009. He spent his retirement as chaplain at the Schönstatt-Center Liebfrauenhöhe in Ergenzingen. He also exercised episcopal functions in the diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the deaconry of S. Antonio di Padova a Circonvallazione Appia on that same day. He had reached age 80 before becoming a cardinal, so was not eligible to participate in a conclave. Took possession of his deaconry on June 13, 2015. On April 1, 2017, he was named special papal envoy to the celebration of the 375th anniversary of the foundation of the Shrine of Kevalaer, Germany, dedicated to the Madonna Consolatrix Afflictorum programmed for June 3, 2017. He spent his retirement as chaplan in the Schönstatt-Center where he was highly respected for his pastoral duties by the Sisters of Schönstatt and a lot of pilgrims. Also, he performed a lot of episcopal functions in the diocese of Rottenburg in the name of the local bishop.

Birth. October 11, 1934, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Education. Completed his primary and secondary education in Buenos Aires. He entered the Metropolitan Seminary of Buenos Aires (Villa Devoto) in 1952 after earning the title of mercantile peritus in state schools. In 1961, he obtained licentiates in theology and ecclesiastical history at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 24, 1960, by Cardinal Antonio Caggiano, archbishop of Buenos Aires, in the chapel of the Metropolitan Seminary of Buenos Aires. Celebrated his first Mass in the parish of Santa Julia. Pastoral ministry in Buenos Aires. Further studies in Rome. On his return to Bienos Aires, he was named vicar of the parish of San Nicolás de Bari in 1964; formator of the Seminary Major of Villa Devoto from 1965 to 1969; he was professor of ecclesiastical history in the Faculty of Theology at the Argentinian Catholic University of "Santa María de los Buenos Aires" from 1965 to 1975; in 1967, he was appointed prefect of the Major Seminary; and from 1969 to 1972, he was dean of the Theological Faculty. In 1968, he became the first director of the Institute of Vocations San José, established by Archbishop Juan Carlos Aramburu of Buenos Aires, where the aspirants to the priesthood of the archdiocese were prepared for courses in philosophy and theology. From 1969 to 1971, he was dean of the Faculty of Theology; and in 1972, he was named pastor of Santa Rosa de Lima in Buenos Aires.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Ofena and appointed auxiliary of Buenos Aires, September 20, 1984. Consecrated, December 22, 1984, at the metropolitan cathedral of Santísima Trinidad, Buenos Aires, by Cardinal Juan Carlos Aramburu, archbishop of Buenos Aires, assisted by Arnaldo Clemente Canale, titular bishop of Cabarsussi, and by Carmelo Juan Giaquinta, titular bishop of Zama Minore. His episcopal motto is Apostolus Jesu Christ. Transferred to the see of San Martín, July 16, 1991. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Tucumán, July 8, 1999. Took possession of the see the following September 17. Received the pallium from Pope John Paul II on June 29, 2000 at the patriarchal Vatican basilica. In the Episcopal Conference of Argentina, he was first vice-president for two consecutive terms (2005-2008 and 2008-2011), while the president was the archbishop of Buenos Aires, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J. Previously, he was president of the Episcopal Commission for Catechesis and the member of the Commission for the Apostolate of the Laity. Administrator of Santiago del Estero from August 2005 to May 2006. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Tucumán on June 10, 2011. He resides in the chapel of La Santa Cruz, parish of San Martín de Porres, Tucumán, where he execises his pastoral ministry.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Girolamo a Corviale on that same day. He had reached age 80 before becoming a cardinal, so was not eligible to participate in a conclave. Took possession of his title on Saturday May 9, 2015. He was named special papal envoy to the conclusive celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Diocese of Caacupé, Paraguay, programmed in the Shrine of Our Lady of the Miracles on December 8, 2016. On August 16, 2017, he was elected by the College of Consultors diocesan administrator of the archdiocese of Tucumán, vacant for the resignation of Archbishop Alfredo Horacio Zecca for reasons of health. He occupied the post until the installation of a new archbishop. On August 23, 2017, Pope Francis named Father Carlos Alberto Sánchez, pastor of Our Lady of la Merced in San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, metropolitan archbishop of Tucumán; he was installed on the following October 13.

Birth. October 27, 1927, Magunze, diocese of João Belo (now Xai Xai), Moçambique.

Education. He attended the local school before entering the Seminary of Magude; then, studied in the Seminary of Namaacha, in the then archdiocese of Lourenço Marques (now Maputo).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 9, 1957, in the cathedral of Lourenço Marques. Assistant pastor and then pastor in the Mission of Malaisse; he was then appointed diocesan consultor, member of the Council of Priests and finally vicar general of the diocese. Because of his profound knowledge of the local languages, he oversaw the vernacular translation of the texts of the Second Vatican Council.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of João Belo, May 31, 1976. On the following October 1, the name of the diocese was changed to Xai Xai. Consecrated, at the church of San Bento, Mangunze, October 24, 1976, by Cardinal Alexandre José Maria dos Santos, O.F.M., archbishop of Maputo, assisted by Francesco Colasuonno, titular archbishop of Tronto, and by Januário Machaze Nhangumbe, bishop of Pemba. His episcopal motto is In Finem Dilexit Eos. Resigned the pastoral government of the diocese of Xai Xai on June 24, 2004.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 14, 2015; received the red biretta, the cardinalitial ring and the title of S. Gabriele dell'Addolorata on that same day. He had reached age 80 before becoming a cardinal, so was not eligible to participate in a conclave. Took possession of his title on May 10, 2015.