The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Consistories for the creation of Cardinals
13th Century (1198-1303)

Innocent III (1198-1216) Honorius III(1216-1227) Gregory IX (1227-1241) Celestine IV (1241) Innocent IV (1243-1254) Alexander IV (1254-1261)
Urban IV (1261-1264) Clement IV (1265-1268) Gregory X (1271-1276) Innocent V (1276) Adrian V (1276) John XXI (1276-1277)
Nicholas III (1277-1280) Martin IV (1281-1285) Honorius IV (1285-1287) Nicholas IV (1288-1292) Celestine V (1294) Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
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Innocent III (1198-1216)

December 1198 (I)
(1) 1. Ugolino dei conti di Segni (deacon of S. Eustachio). (1)
(2) 2. Gérard, O.Cist., abbot of Pontigny, France (deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano). + ca. 1200.

(1) Elected Pope Gregory IX on March 19, 1227. Died on August 22, 1241.

December 1200 (II)
(3) 1. Gregorio, bishop of Sabina. + 1216.
(4) 2. Benedetto (deacon of S. Maria in Domnica). + Shortly after July 18, 1216.
(5) 3. Leone Brancaleone, Can. Reg. di S. Frediano of Lucca (deaconry of S. Lucia in Septisolio). + Ca. August 25, 1230.
(6) 4. Matteo (deacon of S. Teodoro). + August 8, 1205.
(7) 5. Giovanni dei conti di Segni (deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin). + June 14, 1213.

December 1202 (III)
(8) 1. Roger (deacon of S. Maria in Domnica). + 1213.
(9) 2. Gualterio (deacon of S. Maria in Portico Octaviae). + ca. 1205.
(10) 3. Raoul de Neuville, archdeacon of Arras (title of of S. Sabina). + March 26, 1221.

1205 (IV)
(11) 1. Nicola de Romanis (bishop of Frascati). + At the end of 1219.
(12) 2. Guido Pierleone, canon of the cathedral chapter of Piacenza (deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano). + April 25, 1228.
(13) 3. Pietro di Morra (deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria). + ca. 1206.
(14) 4. Uberto da Pirovano ( title is not known). + March 13, 1211.
(15) 5. Giovanni da Ferentino (deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata). + 1216.
(16) 6. Guala Bicchieri, Can. Reg. di S. Pietro of Pavia, former bishop of Vercelli (deacon of S. Maria in Portico Octaviae). + Shortly after June 30, 1227.
(17) 7. Ottaviano dei conti di Segni (deacon of Ss. Sergio e Bacco). + Shortly after July 1231.
(18) 8. Gregorio Crescenzi, Can. Reg. of S. Reno (deacon of S. Teodoro). + After May 9, 1226 or in 1230.
(19) 9. Giovanni (deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano). + Shortly after January 18, 1217.
(20) 10. Paio Galvão, O.S.B. (deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio). + January 30, 1230.
(21) 11. Stephen Langton (title of S. Crisogono). + July 6/9, 1228.
(22) 12. Pietro Sasso (title of of S. Pudenziana). + Towards the end of 1219.

1206 (V)
(23) 1. Siegfried von Eppstein, archbishop of Mainz, Germany (title of of S. Sabina). + September 9, 1230.

1207 (VI)
(24) 1. Pietro, O.S.B.Cas. (title is unknown). + 1210/1211.
(25) 2. Mauro, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota (title is not known). + 1225.

1211 (VII)
(26) 1. Gerardo da Sessa, O.Cist., archbishop of Milan (bishop of Albano). + Shortly after April 22, 1212.

February 18, 1212 (VIII)
(27) 1. Angelo (deacon of S. Adriano). + November 29, 1215.
(28) 2. Giovanni Colonna (title of S. Prassede). + Shortly after April 17, 1244.
(29) 3. Pierre Duacensis (deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro). + Before April 1221.
(30) 4. Bertrando (deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro). + After the election of Pope Honorius III in July 1216.
(31) 5. Stefano di Ceccano, O.Cist., abbot of the monastery of Fossanova (deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria). + November 23, 1227.
(32) 6. Robert Curzon, canon of the cathedral chapter of Paris (title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio). + February 6, 1219.

1213 (IX)
(33) 1. Rainiero, Can. Reg. of S. Maria of Bologna (deacon of S. Lucia in Silice). + June 18, 1217 or 1221.
(34) 2. Giovanni Domenico Trinci (title of S. Ciriaco alle Terme). + 1219 (?)

1216 (X)
(35) 1. Gregorio Theodoli (title of S. Anastasia). + 1227.
(36) 2. Raniero Capocci, O.Cist., abbot of the monastery of Tre Fontane, Rome (deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin). + Before June 22, 1250.
(37) 3. Romano Bonaventura (deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria). + February 20, 1243.
(38) 4. Stefano de Normandis dei Conti (deacon of S. Adriano). + December 8, 1254.
(39) 5. Tommaso da Capua, archbishop of Naples (deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata). + August 22, 1243.
(40) 6. Pietro Campano, O.S.B.Cas. (title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso) + 1217.
(41) 7. Aldobrandino Caetani (deacon of S. Eustachio). + January 11, 1223.

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Honorius III (1216-1227)

December 1216 (I)
(1) 1. Gil Torres (deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano). + November 5 or 11, 1254.
(2) 2. Bertrando Savelli (title of of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo). + February 9, 1223 (or 1222).
(3) 3. Niccolò (deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro). + Before 1227.

January 8, 1219 (II)
(4) 1. Konrad von Urach, O.Cist. (bishop of Porto e S. Rufina). + September 30, 1227. (1).

(1) The Cistercians venerate him as a blessed and celebrate his feast on September 30.

October, November or December 1219 (III)
(5) 1. Pietro Capuano, minor, patriarch elect of Antioch (deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro). + March 21/23, 1242.

1219 (IV)
(6) 1. Niccolò de Chiaramonte, O.Cist. (bishop of Frascati). + September 25, 1227.

1221 (V)
(7) 1. Leone (title of S. Marcello). + Before 1228.
(8) 2. Roberto Rainaldi (title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo). + ?

September 28, 1225 (VI)
(9) 1. Oliver von Paderborn, bishop of Paderborn, Germany (bishop of Sabina). + September 11, 1227.

Note. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 116, in ""Notes éliminatoires", says that several authors add the following names to the cardinals created by Pope Honorius III: Pietro (confused with Pietro Caputo, minor, created cardinal by Pope Honorius III in 1219); Rainiero (confused with Rainiero Capocci, O.Cist, created cardinal by Pope Innocent III in 1216); Tommaso (confused with Tommaso da Capua, created cardinal by Pope Innocent III in 1216); and Egidio (confused with Gil Torres, created cardinal by Pope Honorius III in 1216). Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S.R.E. Cardinalium, II, cols. 55-64, says that Pope Honorius III also created the following cardinals: Giovanni Colonna (actually created by Pope Innocent III in 1212); Barthélemy di S. Pudenziana (actually created cardinal by Pope Gregory IX in 1227); and Pietro Romano (confused with Pietro Caputo, minor, created cardinal by Pope Honorius III in 1219).

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Gregory IX (1227-1241)

September 18, 1227 (I)
(1) 1. Jean Halgrin, O.S.B.Clun., patriarch of Constantinople (bishop of Sabina). + September 28, 1238.
(2) 2. Goffredo Castiglioni (title of S. Marco). (1)
(3) 3. Rinaldo Conti di Segni (deacon of S. Eustachio). (2)
(4) 4. Sinibaldo Fieschi (title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina). (3)
(5) 5. Barthélemy, bishop elect of Chálons-sur-Marne, France (title of S. Pudenziana). + March 15, 1231.
(6) 6. Oddone de Monferrato, papal chaplain. + Between the end of 1250 and the beginning of 1251 (deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere).

(1) Elected Pope Celestine IV on October 25, 1241. Died on November 10, 1241.
(2) Elected Pope Alexander IV on December 12, 1254. Died on May 25, 1261.
(3) Elected Pope Innocent IV on June 25, 1243. Died on December 7, 1254.

December 1228 (II)
(7) 1. Jacques de Vitry, Can. Reg. of Saint Augustine, bishop of Acre, Syria (bishop of Frascati). + May 1, 1240.
(8) 2. Niccolò Conti di Segni (title of S. Marcello). + December 27, 1239.

September 1231 (III)
(9) 1. Giacomo da Pecorara, O.Cist. (bishop of Palestrina) + June 25, 1244.
(10) 2. Simon de Sully (title of S. Cecilia). + August 9, 1232. (1)
(11) 3. Raymond de Pons (title is not known). + ca. 1232.

1237 (IV)
(12) 1. Riccardo Annibaldi (deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria). + September 4, 1276.
(13). 2 François Cassard (title of Ss. Silvestro e Marino ai Monti). + August 7, 1237.
(14). 3 Guy (deacon of S. Eustachio). + ca. 1239.

1239 (V)
(15) 1. Robert Somercotes (deacon of S. Eustachio). + September 26, 1241.
(16) 2. Ramón Nonato, O. de M. (deacon of S. Eustachio). + August 26, 1240. (1)

(1) Canonized by Pope Benedict XIII; his feast was ordered by Pope Urban VIII on May 9, 1626; his eulogy was included in the Roman Martyrology by Pope Alexander VII on August 7, 1657; it was extended to the entire Church by Pope Clement IX on August 13, 1669; Pope Innocent XI decreed on March 10, 1681 that his feast be celebrated on August 31.

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Celestine IV (1241)

Pope Celestine IV was elected on October 25, 1241 and died on November 10, 1241. He did not create any cardinals.

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Innocent IV (1243-1254)

May 28, 1244 (I)
(1) 1. Pierre de Colmieu, archbishop of Rouen, France (bishop of Albano). + May 25, 1253.
(2) 2. Guglielmo di Modena, O.Carth., former bishop of Modena (bishop of Sabina). + March 31, 1251.
(3) 3. Eudes de Châteauroux, chancellor of the cathedral chapter of Paris (bishop of Frascati). + January 25, 1273.
(4) 4. Pierre de Bar, dean of Bar Sur-Aube (title of S. Marcello). + Between June 19, 1252 and March 23, 1253.
(5) 5. Guillaume de Talliante, O.S.B.Clun., abbot of the monastery of San Facundo, León, Spain (title of Ss. XII Apostoli). + After August 9, 1250.
(6) 6. John of Toledo, O.Cist., magister in theology (title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina). + July 13, 1275.
(7) 7. Hugues de Saint-Cher, O.P. (title of S. Sabina) + March 19 (or 24), 1263.
(8) 8. Goffredo da Trani (deacon of S. Adriano). + Between April 3 and June 6, 1245.
(9) 9. Ottaviano Ubaldini, procurator of the diocese of Bologna (deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata). + Between March 5 and 13, 1273.
(10) 10. Pietro Capocci, Roman noble (deacon of S Giorgio in Velabro). + May 19/21, 1259.
(11) 11. Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano). (1)
(12) 12. Guglielmo Fieschi (deacon of S. Eustachio). + Before May 1, 1256.

(1) Elected Pope Nicholas III on November 25, 1277. Died on August 22, 1280.

December 1251 (II)
(13) 1. Giacomo da Castell'arquato (bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina). + November 19, 1253.
(14) 2. István Báncsa, archbishop of Esztergom, Hungary (bishop of Palestrina). + July 9, 1270.
(15) 3. Ottobono Fieschi, archdeacon of Reims and of Parma (deacon of S. Adriano). (1).

(1) Elected Pope Adrian V on July 11, 1276. Died on August 18, 1276.

Note. Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, cols. 129, 131-134, lists the following among the cardinals created by Pope Innocent IV: Berardo Caracciolo; Otto Grillo; Eudes Rigaud, O.F.M., archbishop of Rouen France; Riccardo, abbot of Montecassino (promoted by Pope Alexander IV); Goffredo Gaetani; Giovanni, bishop of Sabina; Niccolò, bishop of Sabina; Albus, O.Cist. Besides, Francesco Cristofori, Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa (Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888), mentions among the cardinals created by Pope Innocent IV, Vitale; and Astor. Finally, Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254 (2 vols. Padova, Antenore, 1972), II, 519-541, also mentions as presumed cardinals Alberto; Egidio da Forlimpopoli; Egidio da Verracclo; Jean de Bournin, archbishop of Vienne; Giovanni da Perugia; Gregorio da Santa Maria in Portico Octaviae; Guido da S. Adriano; Niccolò da Segni; Rubaldo Fieschi; Tommaso d'Albano; Vitale dai XII Apostoli; and Vitale da S. Eustachio. None of them appear as signatories of any papal bulls; and several sources indicate that they were never promoted to the cardinalate and doubt the very existence of some of them.

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Alexander IV (1254-1261)

Between August 17, 1255 and February 1, 1256 (I)
(1) 1. Riccardo di Montecassino, O.S.B., abbot of the monastery of Montecassino (title of S. Ciriaco alle Terme). + March 1, 1262.

December 1255 (II)
(2) 1. Tesauro dei Beccheria, O.S.B.Vall., abbot general of his order (deaconry is not known). + Decapitated on September 12, 1258.

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Urban IV (1261-1264)

December 17, 1261 (I)
(1) 1. Gui Foucois, archbishop of Narbonne, France (bishop of Sabina). (1)
(2) 2. Raoul Grosparmi, bishop of Evreux, France (bishop of Albano). + August 11, 1270.
(3) 3. Simone Paltineri, canon of the cathedral chapter of Padua (title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti). + Shortly after February 7, 1277.
(4) 4. Simon de Brion, chancellor of France (title of S. Cecilia). (2)
(5) 5. Uberto di Cocconato (deacon of S. Eustachio). + July 13, 1276.
(6) 6. Giacomo Savelli (deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin). (3)
(7) 7. Goffredo da Alatri (deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro). + 1287.

(1) Elected Pope Clement IV February 5, 1265. Died on November 29, 1268.
(2) Elected Pope Martin IV on February 22, 1281. Died on March 28, 1285.
(3) Elected Pope Honorius IV on April 2, 1285. Died April 3, 1287.

May 22, 1262 (II)
(8) 1. Enrico Bartolomei di Susa, archbishop of Embrun, France (bishop of Ostia e Velletri). + October 25 (or November 6), 1271.
(9) 2. Anchero Pantaléon (title of S. Prassede). + November 1, 1286.
(10) 3. Guillaume de Bray (title of S. Marco). + April 29, 1282.
(11) 4. Guy de Bourgogne, O.Cist., abbot of Cîteaux (title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina). + May 20, 1272.
(12) 5. Annibale d'Annibaldi, O.P. (title of Ss. XII Apostoli). + 1272.
(13) 6. Giordano Pironti, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano). + October 1269.
(14) 7. Matteo Orsini (deacon of S. Maria in Portico Octaviae). + September 4, 1305.

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Clement IV (1265-1268)

1265 or 1268 (I) (?)
(1) 1. Bernard Ayglier, O.S.B., abbot of Monte Cassino (title or deaconry is not known). + April 4, 1282.

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Gregory X (1271-1276)

June 3, 1273 (I)
(1) 1. João Pedro Julião, archbishop of Braga, Portugal (bishop of Frascati). (1)
(2) 2. Vicedomino de Vicedominis, archbishop of Aix, France (bishop of Palestrina). + September 6, 1276. (2)
(3) 3. Bonaventura, O.F.M., general of the order (bishop of Albano). + July 15, 1274. (3)
(4) 4. Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P., archbishop of Lyon, France (bishop of Ostia e Velletri). (4)
(5) 5. Bertrand de Saint-Martin, O.S.B., archbishop of Arles, France (bishop of Sabina). + March 28, 1275 (or ca. 1277).

(1) Elected Pope John XXI on September 8, 1276. Died on May 20, 1277.
(2) He was elected Pope Gregory XI in Viterbo on September 5, 1276, but having died the following day and his name never proclaimed, his election is not recorded.
(3) Canonized by Pope Sixtus IV on April 14, 1482; declared Doctor of the Church by Pope Sixtus V on March 14, 1587. His feast is celebrated on 14 July.
(4) Elected Pope Innocent V on January 21, 1276. Died on June 22, 1276. Pope Leo XIII confirmed on March 9, 1898, the immemorial veneration of this pope as a blessed.

Consistory of 1275 (II)
(6) 1. Giovanni Visconti, nephew of His Holiness (bishop of Sabina). + 1278.
(7) 2. Teobaldo di Ceccano, O.Cist., abbot of the monastery of Fossanova (title is not known). + 1279.

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Innocent V (1276)

Pope Innocent V was elected on January 21, 1276 and died on June 22, 1276. He did not create any cardinals.

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Adrian V (1276)

Pope Adrian V was elected on July 11, 1276 and died on August 18, 1276. He did not create any cardinals.

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John XXI (1276-1277)

Pope John XXI was elected on September 16, 1276 and died on May 20, 1277. He did not create any cardinals.

Note. Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, col. 214, says that Erhard de Lessines was created cardinal by Pope John XXI but Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, p.9, lists him as the second cardinal created by Pope Nicholas III on March 12, 1278 and Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1929, p. 127, agrees with him.

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Nicholas III (1277-1280)

March 12, 1278 (I)
(1) 1. Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P., magister in theology (bishop of Ostia e Velletri). + August 10 (or July 19), 1294. (1)
(2) 2. Erhard de Lessines, bishop of Auxerre, France (bishop of Palestrina). + July 18, 1278.
(3) 3. Bentivenga de Bentivengis, O.F.M., bishop of Todi (bishop of Albano). + March 25, 1289.
(4) 4. Robert Kilwardby, O.P., archbishop of Canterbury, England (bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina). + September 12, 1279.
(5) 5. Ordoño Álvarez, archbishop of Braga, Portugal (bishop of Frascati). + December 21, 1285.
(6) 6. Gerardo Bianchi, protonotary apostolic (title of Ss. XII Apostoli). + March 1, 1302.
(7) 7. Girolamo Masci, O.F.M., minister general of his order (title of S. Pudenziana). (2)
(8) 8. Giordano Orsini (deacon of S. Eustachio). + September 8, 1287.
(9) 9. Giacomo Colonna, archdeacon of Pisa (deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata). + August 14, 1318. (3)

(1) He is considered a blessed by Dominican authors.
(2) Elected Pope Nicholas IV on February 22, 1288. Died on April 4, 1292.
(3) Deposed by Pope Boniface VIII on May 10, 1297, he was rehabilitated by Pope Benedict XI and reinstated as a cardinal by Pope Clement V on December 17, 1305, who assigned him again the deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata on February 2, 1306.

Note 1. Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, col. 223, includes Gerardo Cupalates among the cardinals created by Pope Nicholas III. Cristofori, Cronotassi dei Cardinali de Santa Romana Chiesa, p. 20, lists him as bishop of Palestrina in 1278, both with a (?). Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, p. 9, n. 6, indicates that he is confused with Cardinal Erhard de Lessins (1278), also bishop of Palestrina. Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1929, p. 129, includes his biography.

Note 2. Pius Bonifatius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957, p. 576, indicates that a Juilianus, bishop of Mende in 1279, was also created cardinal that year. No other source lists him in either capacity.

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Martin IV (1281-1285)

April 12, 1281 (I)
(1) 1. Bernard de Languissel, archbishop of Arles, France (bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina). + July 23, 1291.
(2) 2. Hugh of Evesham, private physician of His Holiness (title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina). + September 4, 1287.
(3) 3. Jean Cholet (title of S. Cecilia). + August 2, 1293.
(4) 4. Gervais Jeancolet de Clinchamp, archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Paris, France (title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti). + September 15, 1287.
(5) 5. Conte Casate, archdeacon of Milan (title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro). + April 8, 1287.
(6) 6. Geoffroy de Bar, dean of the cathedral chapter of Paris, France (title of S. Susanna). + August 21, 1287.
(7) 7. Benedetto Caetani, seniore, protonotary apostolic (deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere). (1)

(1) Elected Pope Boniface VIII on December 24, 1294. Died on October 11, 1303.

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Honorius IV (1285-1287)

December 22, 1285 (I)
(1) 1. Giovanni Boccamazza, archbishop of Monreale (bishop of Frascati). + August 10, 1309.

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Nicholas IV (1288-1292)

May 16, 1288 (I)
(1) 1. Bernardo de' Berardi, bishop of Osimo (bishop of Palestrina). + June 1291.
(2) 2. Hugues Aycelin de Billom, O.P. (title of S. Sabina). + December 30, 1297.
(3) 3. Matteo d'Acquasparta, O.F.M., 12th minister general of his order (title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso). + October 28, 1303.
(4) 4. Pietro Peregrosso, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro). + Between July 23 and August 1, 1295.
(5) 5. Napoleone Orsini (deacon of S. Adriano). + March 23 (or 24), 1342.
(6) 6. Pietro Colonna (deacon of S. Eustachio). + 1326. (1)

(1) He was deposed by Pope Boniface VIII on May 10, 1297. Rehabilitated by Pope Benedict XI and reinstated as a cardinal by Pope Clement V on December 17, 1305; the pope assigned him the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria on February 6, 1306.

Note. Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, cols. 269-270, indicates that Theobald d'Éstampes (+ 1298 or 1288); Bonitius Nardi (+ 1297); and Pierre de Bareilles, O. de M. (+ 1289), may have been created cardinals by Pope Nicholas IV. He considers their promotion doubtful, as does Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi, I, 11. In addition, Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1929, p. 133, also lists Bl. Corrado Miliani, O.F.M. (+ 1289) among the cardinals that were going to be created by this pontiff but he died before the promotion took place. Pope Pius VI approved his veneration as a blessed; his feast is celebrated by the Order of Friars Minor on 19 April.

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Celestine V (1294)

September 18, 1294 (I)
(1) 1. Simon de Beaulieu, archbishop of Bourges, France (bishop of Palestrina). + August 18, 1297.
(2) 2. Bérard de Got, archbishop of Lyon, France (bishop of Albano). + June 27, 1297.
(3) 3. Tommaso d'Ocre, O.Cel., abbot of S. Giovanni in Piano (title of S. Cecilia). + May 29, 1300. (1)
(4) 4. Jean Le Moine, bishop elect of Arras, France, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro). + August 22, 1313.
(5) 5. Pietro de L'Aquila, O.S.B., bishop elect of Valva-Sulmona (title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme). + June 3, 1298.
(6) 6. Guillaume Ferrières (title of S. Clemente). + September 7, 1295.
(7) 7. Nicolas l'Aide, chancellor or dean of the cathedral chapter of Paris, France (title of S. Marcello). + September 23, 1299.
(8) 8. Robert de Pontigny, O.Cist., 28th superior general of his order (title of S. Pudenziana). + October 9, 1305.
(9) 9. Simon d'Armentières, O.S.B.Clun. (title of S. Balbina). + Shortly after May 7, 1297.
(10) 10.Landolfo Brancaccio (deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria). + October 29, 1312.
(11) 11. Guglielmo Longhi, chancellor of King Charles II of Sicily (deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano). + April 9, 1319.
(12) 12. Francesco Ronci, O.Cœl., first superior general of his congregation (title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso). + After October 13, 1294.
(13) 13. Giovanni Castrocoeli, O.S.B.Cas., archbishop of Benevento (title of S. Vitale). + February 22, 1295.

(1) The Benedictine martyrology considers him a blessed.

Note. Pope Celestine V wanted to promote Roberto di Salle, O.Cœl., to the cardinalate in 1294 but he declined.

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Boniface VIII (1294-1303)

Creation between January 23 and May 13, 1295 (I)
(1) 1. Benedetto Caetani, iuniore (deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano). + December 14, 1296.

December 17, 1295 (II)
(2) 1. Giacomo Tomassi-Caetani, O.F.M., former bishop of Alatri (title of S. Clemente). + January 1, 1300.
(3) 2. Francesco Napoleone Orsini, nephew of Pope Nicholas III (deacon of S. Lucia in Orthea (Silice)). + after May 24, 1312.
(4) 3. Giacomo Caetani Stefaneschi, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota (deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro). + June 23, 1341.
(5) 4. Francesco Caetani (deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin). + May 16, 1317.
(6) 5. Pietro Valeriano Duraguerra, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (deacon of S. Maria Nuova). + December 17, 1302.

December 4, 1298 (III)
(7) 1. Gonzalo Gudiel, archbishop of Toledo, Spain (bishop of Albano). + December 1299.
(8) 2. Teodorico Ranieri, archbishop elect of Pisa, papal chamberlain (title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme). + December 7, 1306.
(9) 3. Niccolò Boccasini, O.P., master general of his order (title of S. Sabina). (1)
(10) 4. Riccardo Petroni, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (deacon of S. Eustachio). + February 10, 1314.

(1) Elected Pope Benedict XI on October 22, 1303. Died on July 7, 1304. Beatified by Pope Clement XII on April 24, 1736 by confirming his veneration from time immemorial.

March 2, 1300 (IV)
(11) 1. Leonardo Patrasso, archbishop of Capua (bishop of Albano). + December 7, 1311.
(12) 2. Gentile da Montefiore, O.F.M., lector of theology in the Roman Curia (title of S. Martino ai Monti). + October 27, 1312.
(13) 3. Luca Fieschi (deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata). + January 31, 1336.

December 15, 1302 (V)
(14) 1. Pedro Rodríguez, bishop of Burgos, Spain (bishop of Sabina). + December 20, 1310.
(15) 2. Giovanni Minio da Morrovalle, O.F.M., minister general of his order (bishop of Porto). + August 1312.

Note. Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 13, n. 9, mentions that Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, cols. 334-337, lists these five cardinals among the ones created by Pope Boniface VIII: Andrea Conti, O.F.M. (+ February 1, 1302); Giacomo Santucci (+ ?); Egidio Colonna, O.E.S.A., archbishop of Bourges, France (+ December 22, 1316); Domingo de San Pedro, O. de M. (+ 1307); and Reginaldo, O.F.M., archbishop of Rouen, France. Eubel denies that the first three were ever created cardinals and together with Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1929, p. 137, says that the fourth is confused with Odo Rigaldi (see Note in the pontificate of Innocent IV). Some sources indicate that Stefano Surdi, papal chaplain, was also promoted to the cardinalate in the pontificate of Pope Boniface VIII.

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SUMMARY
Innocent III (1198-1216) - 41 cardinals
Honorius III (1216-1227) - 9 cardinals
Gregory IX (1227-1241) - 16 cardinals
Celestine IV (1241) - did not create any cardinals
Innocent IV (1243-1254) - 15 cardinals
Alexander IV (1254-1261) - 2 cardinalS
Urban IV (1261-1264) - 14 cardinals
Clement IV (1265-1268) - 1 cardinal (?)
Gregory X (1271-1276) - 5 cardinals
Innocent V (1276) - did not create any cardinals
Adrian V (1276) - did not create any cardinals
John XXI (1276-1277) - did not create any cardinals
Nicholas III (1277-1280) - 9 cardinals
Martin IV (1281-1285) - 7 cardinals
Honorius IV (1285-1287) - 1 cardinal
Nicholas IV (1288-1292) - 6 cardinals
Celestine V (1294) - 13 cardinals
Boniface VIII (1294-1303) - 15 cardinals
Total: 154 cardinals.

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