The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Consistories for the creation of Cardinals
17th Century (1605-1700)

Leo XI (1605) Paul V (1605-1621) Gregory XV (1621-1623) Urban VIII (1623-1644) Innocent X (1644-1655) Alexander VII (1655-1667)
Clement IX (1667-1669) Clement X (1670-1676) Innocent XI (1676-1689) Alexander VIII (1689-1691) Innocent XII (1691-1700)
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Leo XI (1605)

Pope Leo XI was elected on April 1, 1605 and died on April 27, 1605. He did not create any cardinals.

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Paul V (1605-1621)

July 18, 1605 (I)
(1) 1. Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese, nephew of His Holiness. + October 2, 1633.

September 11, 1606 (II)
(2) 1. Ludovico de Torres, iuniore, archbishop of Monreale. + July 8, 1609.
(3) 2. Orazio Spinola, archbishop of Genoa. + June 24, 1616.
(4) 3. Maffeo Barberini, titular archbishop of Nazareth, nuncio in France. (1)
(5) 4. Giovanni Garzia Millini, titular archbishop of Colosse, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + October 2, 1629.
(6) 5. Bartolomeo Ferratini, iuniore, former bishop of Amelia. + November 1, 1606.
(7) 6. Bonifazio Caetani, bishop of Cassano, prefect of the Romandiola. + June 24, 1617.
(8) 7. Marcello Lante, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + April 19, 1652.
(9) 8. Orazio Maffei, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + January 11, 1609.

(1) Elected Pope Urban VIII on August 6, 1623. Died on July 29, 1644.

Note. Pope Paul V intended to elevate Archbishop Zbynék Berka z Dubé a Liepé of Prague to the cardinalate but he died on March 7, 1606, before the promotion took place.

December 10, 1607 (III)
(10) 1. Ferenc Forgách, archbishop of Esztergom (Gran), Hungary. + October 16, 1615.
(11) 2. François de La Rochefoucald, bishop of Clermont, France, and preacher of the King of France. + February 14, 1645.
(12) 3. Jerónimo Xavierre, O.P., master general of his order. + September 8, 1608.
(13) 4. Maurizio di Savoia, nephew of the king of Spain. + October 4, 1657. (1)
(14) 5. Ferdinando Gonzaga, son of the duke of Mantua. + October 29, 1626. (2)

(1) Resigned cardinalate. On November 10, 1642, gave up his deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata and married Princess Maria di Savoia, his niece. In the consistory of December 1, 1642, the Pope announced that the Cardinal di Savoia presented to the nuncio in Madrid his resignation from the cardinalate and from his diaconal church and declared his matrimony valid. In the consistory of April 13, 1643, the Pope received per procuratores the resignation and accepted and ratified it.
(2) The Pope accepted his resignation from the cardinalate in the consistory of November 16, 1615. He married to avoid the extinction of his family after the deaths of his father, brother and nephew.

November 24, 1608 (IV)
(15) 1. Michelangelo Tonti, titular archbishop of Nazareth. + April 21, 1622.
(16) 2. Fabrizio Veralli, bishop of San Severo. + November 17, 1624.
(17) 3. Giambattista Leni, bishop of Mileto. + November 3, 1627.
(18) 4. Lanfranco Margotti, protonotary apostolic. + February 28, 1611.
(19) 5. Luigi Capponi, treasurer of the Apostolic Chamber. + April 6, 1659.

August 17, 1611 (V)
(20) 1. Decio Carafa, titular archbishop of Damasco, nuncio in Spain. + January 23, 1626.
(21) 2. Domenico Rivarola, titular archbishop of Nazareth. + January 3, 1627.
(22) 3. Metello Bichi, bishop of Sovana. + June 14, 1619.
(23) 4. Jean de Bonsi, bishop of Béziers, France, almoner of the queen of France. + July 4, 1621.
(24) 5. Filippo Filonardi, bishop of Aquino and vice-legate of Avignon. + September 29, 1622.
(25) 6. Pier Paolo Crescenzi, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + February 19, 1645.
(26) 7. Giacomo Serra, treasurer general of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 19, 1623.
(27) 8. Orazio Lancellotti, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + December 9, 1620.
(28) 9. Agostino Galamini, O.P., master general of his order. + September 6, 1639.
(29) 10. Gaspar de Borja y Velasco, canon of Toledo, Spain. + November 1645.
(30) 11. Felice Centini, O.F.M.Conv., procurator general of his order. + January 24, 1641.

December 2, 1615 (VI)
(31) 1. Francesco Vendramino, patriarch of Venice. + October 7, 1618.
(32) 2. Louis III de Guise, archbishop of Reims, France. + June 21, 1621.
(33) 3. Roberto Ubaldini, bishop of Montepulciano, nuncio in France. + April 22, 1635.
(34) 4. Tiberio Muti, bishop of Viterbo. + April 14, 1636.
(35) 5. Gabriel Trejo y Paniagua, archdeacon of Calatrava, Spain. + February 2, 1630.
(36) 6. Baltasar Moscoso y Sandoval, dean of Toledo, Spain. + September 17, 1665.
(37) 7. Carlo de' Medici, brother of the grand duke of Tuscany. + June 17, 1666.
(38) 8. Vincenzo Gonzaga, brother of the duke of Mantua. (1)
(39) 9. Giulio Savelli, referendary of His Holiness. + July 9, 1644.
(40) 10. Alessandro Orsini. + August 22, 1626.
(41) 11. Melchior Klesl, bishop of Vienna, Austria. + September 18, 1630. (2)

(1) In the consistory of September 5, 1616, was deprived of the cardinalate for having married.
(2) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of April 9, 1616.

September 19, 1616 (VII)
(42) 1. Alessandro Ludovisi, archbishop of Bologna. (1)
(43) 2. Ladislao d'Aquino, bishop of Venafro, governor of Perugia. + February 12, 1621.
(44) 3. Ottavio Belmosto, former bishop of Aleria. + November 16, 1618.
(45) 4. Pietro Campori, preceptor of the archhospital S. Spirito in Saxia, Rome. + February 4, 1642.
(46) 5. Matteo Priuli. + March 13, 1624.
(47) 6. Scipione Cobelluzzi, secretary of Apostolic Briefs and custodian of the Archive of Castel Sant'Angelo. + June 29, 1626.

(1) Elected Pope Gregory XV on February 9, 1621. Died on July 8, 1623.

March 26, 1618 (VIII)
(48) 1. Henri de Gondi, bishop of Paris. + August 14, 1622.
(49) 2. Francisco Gómez Rojas de Sandoval, duke of Lerma, Spain. + May 17, 1625.

July 29, 1619 (IX)
(50) 1. Fernando de Austria, Infante of Spain, son of King Philip III of Spain. + November 9, 1641.

January 11, 1621 (X)
(51) 1. Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri, titular patriarch of Jerusalem, bishop of Amelia. + October 2, 1645.
(52) 2. Guido Bentivoglio, titular archbishop of Rodi, nuncio in France. + September 7, 1644.
(53) 3. Pietro Valier, archbishop of Crete. + April 9, 1629.
(54) 4. Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, provost of Cologne, Germany. + September 19, 1625.
(55) 5. Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, archbishop of Toulouse, France. + September 27, 1639.
(56) 6. Giulio Roma, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, governor of Perugia. + September 16, 1652.
(57) 7. Cesare Gherardi, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + September 30, 1623.
(58) 8. Desiderio Scaglia, O.P., commissary of the Holy Inquisition. + August 21, 1639.
(59) 9. Stefano Pignatelli, protonotary apostolic. + August 12, 1623.
(60) 10. Agustín Spínola, protonotary apostolic. + February 12, 1649.

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Gregory XV (1621-1623)

February 15, 1621 (I)
(1) 1. Ludovico Ludovisi, nephew of His Holiness. + November 18, 1632.

April 19, 1621 (II)
(2) 1. Antonio Caetani, archbishop of Capua. + March 17, 1624.
(3) 2. Francesco Sacrati, titular archbishop of Damasco, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + September 6, 1623.
(4) 3. Francesco Boncompagni, nephew His Holiness, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + December 9, 1641.
(5) 4. Ippolito Aldobrandini, iuniore. + July 19, 1638.

July 21, 1621 (III)
(6) 1. Lucio Sanseverino, archbishop of Salerno. + December 25, 1623.
(7) 2. Marcantonio Gozzadini, cousin of His Holiness, privy chamberlain. + September 1, 1623.

September 5, 1622 (IV)
(8) 1. Cosimo de Torres, titular archbishop of Adrianopolis, nuncio in Poland. + May 1, 1642.
(9) 2. Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, bishop of Luçon, France. + December 4, 1642.
(10) 3. Ottavio Ridolfi, bishop of Ariano. + July 6, 1624.
(11) 4. Alfonso de la Cueva-Benavides y Mendoza-Carrillo, protonotary apostolic and ambassador of the king of Spain in Belgium. + August 10, 1655.

Note. According to a letter from the metropolitan chapter of the cathedral Lima to Pope Urban VIII, in existence in Archivo de Indias, in Sevilla, that body asked the pope for the promotion of its archbishop, Bartolomé Lobo Guerrero, to the cardinalate. The response from the pope is not known.

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Urban VIII (1623-1644)

October 2, 1623 (I)
(1) 1. Francesco Barberini, seniore, nephew of His Holiness. + December 10, 1679.

October 7, 1624 (II)
(2) 1. Antonio Barberini, seniore, O.F.M.Cap., brother of His Holiness. + September 11, 1646.
(3) 2. Lorenzo Magalotti, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace and secretary of His Holiness. + September 19, 1637.
(4) 3. Pietro Maria Borghese. + June 15, 1642.

January 19, 1626 (III)
(5) 1. Luigi Caetani, titular patriarch of Antioch. + April 15, 1642.
(6) 2. Denis-Simon de Marquemont, archbishop of Lyon, France. + September 16, 1626.
(7) 3. Ernest Adalbert von Harrach, archbishop of Prague, Bohemia. + October 25, 1667.
(8) 4. Bernardino Spada, titular archbishop of Damietta, nuncio in France, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + September 10, 1661.
(9) 5. Laudivio Zacchia, bishop of Montefiascone e Corneto, prefect of the domus of His Holiness and of the Apostolic Palace. + August 30, 1637.
(10) 6. Berlinghiero Gessi, bishop of Rimini, governor of the duchy of Urbino. + April 6, 1639.
(11) 7. Federico Cornaro, iuniore, bishop of Bergamo. + June 5, 1653.
(12) 8. Giulio Cesare Sacchetti, bishop of Gravina, nuncio in Spain. + June 28, 1663
(13) 9. Giandomenico Spinola, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 11, 1646.
(14) 10. Giacomo Cavalieri, datary of His Holiness, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + January 28, 1629.
(15) 11. Lelio Biscia, dean of the Apostolic Chamber. + November 19, 1638.
(16) 12. Enrique Guzmán de Haros. + June 21, 1626.
(17) 13. Nicolas François de Lorraine-Vaudémont, administrator of the diocese of Toul, France, brother of the duke of Lorraine (1) (2). + January 27, 1670.
(18) 14. Girolamo Vidoni, general treasurer, president of the province of Romagna. + October 30, 1632. (1)
(19) 15. Marzio Ginetti, prefect of the Pontifical Household, secretary of the Sacred Consulta. + March 1, 1671. (1)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of August 30, 1627
(2) In a letter to the Pope dated March 4, 1634, resigned the cardinalate for having married Claude Françoise de Lorraine, second daughter of Henri duke of Lorraine and Bar. On March 8, 1634, the Pope declared him in nullo e sacris ordinis constitutum, depriving him of the cardinalate and the administration of the diocese of Toul. In the consistory of March 22, 1634, the Pope communicated the news to the cardinals.

August 30, 1627 (IV)
(20) 1. Fabrizio Verospi, governor of Perugia and Umbria. + January 27, 1639.
(21) 2. Gil de Albornoz, archdeacon of Burgos, Spain. + December 19, 1649.
(22) 3. Pierre Bérulle, superior general of the Congregation of the Oratory in France. + October 2, 1629.
(23) 4. Alessandro Cesarini, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + January 25, 1644.
(24) 5. Antonio Barberini, iuniore, nephew of His Holiness, prior of the Equestrian Order of Jerusalem. + August 3 (or 4), 1671. (1)
(25) 6. Girolamo Colonna. + September 4, 1666. (1)
(26) 7. Giambattista Pamphilj, titular patriarch of Antioch, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, nuncio in Spain. (2)  (3)
(27) 8. Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno, titular archbishop of Patras, bisho of Cervia, nuncio in France. + July 24, 1641. (3)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of February 7, 1628.
(2) Elected Pope Innocent X on September 5, 1644. Died on January 7, 1655.
(3) Reserved in pectore and published in the Consistory of November 19, 1629.

November 19, 1629 (V)
(28) 1. Péter Pázmány, S.J., archbishop of Esztergom (Gran) Hungary. + March 19, 1637.
(29) 2. Antonio Santacroce, titular archbishop of Seleucia, nuncio in Poland. + November 25, 1641.
(30) 3. Alphonse-Louis du Plessis de Richelieu, O.Carth., archbishop of Lyon, France. + March 24, 1653.
(31) 4. Giovanni Battista Maria Pallotta, titular archbishop of Tessalonica, nuncio in Austria. + January 22, 1668.
(32) 5. Gregorio Naro, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 7, 1634.
(33) 6. Luca Antonio Virili, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. June 4, 1634.
(34) 7. Giangiacomo Teodoro Trivulzio, protonotary apostolic, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 3, 1656.
(35) 8. Diego Guzmán de Haros, archbishop of Sevilla, Spain + January 21, 1631. (1)
(36) 9. Jan Olbracht Wazy, S.J., bishop of Kraków. + December 29, 1634. (2)
(37) 10. Ciriaco Rocci, titular archbishop of Patras, nuncio in Austria. + September 25, 1651. (3)
(38) 11. Cesare Monti, titular patriarch of Antioch, archbishop of Milan, nuncio in Spain. + August 16, 1650. (3)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of July 15, 1630.
(2) Reserved in pectore tacite and published in the consistory of December 20, 1632.
(3) Reserved in pectore tacite and published in the consistory of November 28, 1633.

November 28, 1633 (VI)
(39) 1. Francesco Maria Brancaccio, bishop of Capaccio. + January 9, 1675.
(40) 2. Alessandro Bichi, bishop of Carpentras, nuncio in France. + May 25, 1657.
(41) 3. Ulderico Carpegna, bishop of Gubbio. + January 24, 1679.
(42) 4. Stefano Durazzo, treasurer general of the Apostolic Chamber. + July 11, 1667.
(43) 5. Agostino Oreggi, almoner and theologian of His Holiness, canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. + July 12, 1635.
(44) 6. Benedetto Ubaldi, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + January 20, 1644.
(45) 7. Marcantonio Franciotti, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + February 8, 1666. (1)

(1) Reserved in pectore tacite and published in the consistory of March 30, 1637.

Note 1. According to Zedler, Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste, Bishop Lorenzo Azzolini of Narni, secretary of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta, was going to be created cardinal in this consistory but died before it took place.

Note 2. King Louis XIII of France requested the promotion to the cardinalate of Father François de Leclerc du Tremblay, O.F.M.Cap., who died without obtaining it because at the time the relations between the French court and the Holy See were temporarily strained and, also, because there was lapse of eight years before the next consistory was celebrated.

Note 3. According to Dominic Aidan Bellenger's Princes of the Church. A history of the English Cardinals (Stroud, Gloucestershire : Sutton Publshing, 2011), p. 95, in 1633, during the reign of King Charles I of England, when schemes for reunion with Rome were frequent, an unknown agent from Rome is supposed to have offered the cardinalate to William Laud, Anglican archbishop of Canterbury, but he declined the offer.

December 16, 1641 (VII)
(46) 1. Francesco Maria Macchiavelli, titular patriarch of Constantinople, bishop of Ferrara. + November 22, 1653.
(47) 2. Ascanio Filomarino, archbishop of Naples. + November 3, 1666.
(48) 3. Marcantonio Bragadin, bishop of Vicenza. + March 28, 1658.
(49) 4. Ottaviano Raggi, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + December 31, 1643.
(50) 5. Pierdonato Cesi, iuniore, treasurer general of His Holiness. + January 30, 1656.
(51) 6. Girolamo Verospi, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + January 5, 1652.
(52) 7. Vincenzo Maculani, O.P., master of the Sacred Apostolic Palace. + February 16, 1667.
(53) 8. Francesco Peretti di Montalto. + May 3, 1653.
(54) 9. Giulio Gabrielli, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 31, 1677.
(55) 10. Jules Raymond Mazarin, canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + March 9, 1661.
(56) 11. Virginio Orsini. + August 21, 1676.
(57) 12. Rinaldo d'Este. + September 30, 1672.

July 13, 1643 (VIII)
(58) 1. Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli, titular patriarch of Constantinople. + September 3, 1651.
(59) 2. Fausto Poli, titular archbishop of Amasea, prefect of the household of His Holiness. + October 7, 1653.
(60) 3. Lelio Falconieri, titular archbishop of Tebe, secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars. + December 14, 1648.
(61) 4. Gasparo Mattei, titular archbishop of Athenae. + April 9, 1650.
(62) 5. Cesare Facchinetti, titular archbishop of Damietta and bishop of Senigallia + January 31, 1683.
(63) 6. Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni, titular archbishop of Seleucia. + November 4, 1685.
(64) 7. Carlo Rossetti, titular archbishop of Tarso and bishop of Faenza. + November 23, 1681.
(65) 8. Giambattista Altieri, former bishop of Camerino. + November 26, 1654.
(66) 9. Mario Theodoli, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + June 27, 1650.
(67) 10. Francesco Angelo Rapaccioli, treasurer of the Apostolic Chamber. + May 15, 1657.
(68) 11. Francesco Adriano Ceva, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + October 12, 1655.
(69) 12. Vincenzo Costaguti, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + December 6, 1660.
(70) 13. Giovanni Stefano Donghi, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + November 26, 1669.
(71) 14. Paolo Emilio Rondinini, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + September 16, 1668.
(72) 15. Angelo Giori, prefect of the Pontifical Household. + August 8, 1662.
(73) 16. Juan de Lugo y de Quiroga, S.J. + August 20, 1660. (1)
(74) 17. Achille d'Estampes de Valençay, knight of the Sovereign Order of Malta, general of the papal army. + June 27, 1646. (1)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of December 14, 1643.

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Innocent X (1644-1655)

November 14, 1644 (I)
(1) 1. Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphilj, nephew of His Holiness. + July 26, 1666. (1)
(2) 2. Giancarlo de' Medici, brother of the grand duke of Tuscany. + January 23, 1663.
(3) 3. Domenico Cecchini, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota and datary of His Holiness. + May 1, 1656. (2)
(4) 4. Francesco Maria Farnese, brother of the duke of Parma and Piacenza. + July 12, 1647. (3)

(1) Resigned cardinalate on January 21, 1647. Married Olympia Aldobrandini, princess of Rossano, on February 10, 1647.
(2) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of March 6, 1645.
(3) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of December 4, 1645.

March 6, 1645 (II)
(5) 1. Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi, archbishop of Bologna. + August 9, 1687.
(6) 2. Tiberio Cenci, bishop of Iesi. + February 1653.
(7) 3. Pier Luigi Carafa, seniore, bishop of Tricarico. + February 15, 1655.
(8) 4. Orazio Giustiniani, Orat., bishop of Nocera. + July 25, 1649.
(9) 5. Federico Sforza, protonotary apostolic. + May 26, 1676.
(10) 6. Alderano Cibo, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + July 22, 1700.
(11) 7. Benedetto Odescalchi, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. (1)

(1) Elected Pope Innocent XI on September 21, 1676. Died on August 12, 1689. Beatified on October 7, 1956.

May 28, 1646 (III)
(12) 1. Jan Kazimierz Waza, S.J. + December 16, 1672. (1)

(1) In a letter to the Pope written in Warsaw and dated on November 9, 1647, resigned the cardinalate. In the consistory of July 6, 1648 the resignation was presented to the pope, per procuratorem ad hoc delegatum, who accepted it.

October 7, 1647 (IV)
(13) 1. Fabrizio Savelli, archbishop of Salerno. + February 26, 1659.
(14) 2. Michel Mazarin, O.P., archbishop of Aix, France. + August 31, 1648.
(15) 3. Francesco Cherubini, domestic prelate and auditor of His Holiness. + April 21, 1656.
(16) 4. Cristoforo Vidman, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + September 30, 1660.
(17) 5. Lorenzo Raggi, general treasurer. + January 14, 1687.
(18) 6. Francesco Maidalchini. + June 10, 1700.
(19) 7. Antonio de Aragón, member of the Council of the Military Orders, royal councilor of King Felipe IV of Spain, member of the Supreme Council of the Tribunal of the Spanish Inquisition. + October 7, 1650. (1)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of March 14, 1650.

September 19, 1650 (V)
(20) 1. Camillo Astalli-Pamphilj, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber and president delle Carceri. + December 21, 1663.

February 19, 1652 (VI)
(21) 1. Jean-François-Paul de Gondi de Retz, titular archbishop of Corinto, archbishop coadjutor of Paris, France. + August 24, 1679.
(22) 2. Domingo Pimentel Zúñiga, O.P., archbishop of Sevilla, Spain. + December 2, 1653.
(23) 3. Fabio Chigi, bishop of Nardò. (1)
(24) 4. Giovanni Girolamo Lomellini, treasurer general of His Holiness. + April 4, 1659.
(25) 5. Luigi Omodei, protonotary apostolic, dean of the Apostolic Chamber. + April 26, 1685.
(26) 6. Pietro Vito Ottoboni, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. (2)
(27) 7. Giacomo Corradi, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota + January 17, 1666.
(28) 8. Marcello Santacroce, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + December 19, 1674.
(29) 9. Baccio Aldobrandini, privy chamberlain of His Holiness. + January 21, 1665.
(30) 10. Friedrich von Hessen-Darmstadt, grand prior in Germany of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. + February 19, 1682.
(31) 11. Lorenzo Imperiali, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber and governor of Rome and vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. + September 21, 1673. (3)
(32) 12. Giberto Borromeo, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + January 6, 1672. (3)

(1) Elected Pope Alexander VII on April 7, 1655. Died on May 22, 1667.
(2) Elected Pope Alexander VIII on October 6, 1689. Died on February 1, 1691.
(3) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of March 2, 1654.

June 23, 1653 (VII)
(33) 1. Carlo Barberini, prefect of Rome. + October 2, 1704.

March 2, 1654 (VIII)
(34) 1. Giambattista Spada, titular patriarch of Constantinople. + January 23, 1675.
(35) 2. Prospero Caffarelli, auditor general of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 14, 1659.
(36) 3. Francesco Albizzi, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace and assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition. + October 5, 1684.
(37) 4. Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona, iuniore, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + September 26, 1674.
(38) 5. Carlo Pio, iuniore, treasurer general of His Holiness. + February 13, 1689.
(39) 6. Carlo Gualterio, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace and advocate of the poor. + January 1, 1673.
(40) 7. Decio Azzolini, iuniore, secretary of Briefs to the Princes and secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals. + June 7 to 8, 1689.

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Alexander VII (1655-1667)

April 9, 1657 (I)
(1) 1. Flavio Chigi, seniore, nephew of His Holiness, protonotary apostolic. + September 13, 1693.
(2) 2. Camillo Melzi, archbishop of Capua. + January 21, 1659.
(3) 3. Giulio Rospigliosi, titular archbishop of Tarso. (1)
(4) 4. Nicola Guidi di Bagno, titular archbishop of Athenae. + August 27, 1663.
(5) 5. Girolamo Buonvisi, titular archbishop of Laodicea, prefect of the Cubiculi of His Holiness. + February 21, 1677.
(6) 6. Francesco Paolucci, referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + July 9, 1661.
(7) 7. Scipione Pannocchieschi d'Elci, archbishop of Pisa. + April 12, 1670. (2)
(8) 8. Girolamo Farnese, titular archbishop of Patra, prefect of the Apostolic Palace and governor of Castelgandolfo. + February 18, 1668. (2)
(9) 9. Antonio Bichi, bishop of Osimo. + February 21, 1691. (3)
(10) 10. Francesco Maria Sforza Pallavicino, S.J. + June 5, 1667. (2)

(1) Elected Pope Clement IX on June 20, 1667. Died on December 9, 1669.
(2) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of April 29, 1658.
(3) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of November 10, 1659.

April 29, 1658 (II)
(11) 1. Volumnio Bandinelli, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + June 5, 1667. (1)
(12) 2. Odoardo Vecchiarelli, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + July 31, 1667. (1)
(13) 3. Giacomo Franzoni, general treasurer of the Apostolic Chamber. + December 19, 1697. (1)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of April 5, 1660.

April 5, 1660 (III)
(14) 1. Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg, bishop of Ratisbon. + December 1, 1661.
(15) 2. Pietro Vidoni, seniore, bishop of Lodi. + January 1681.
(16) 3. Gregorio Barbarigo, bishop of Bergamo. + June 18, 1697 (1).
(17) 4. Pascual de Aragón, archdeacon of Talavera, Spain. + September 28, 1677.
(18) 5. Francesco Maria Mancini, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + June 29, 1672.

(1) Beatified by Pope Clement XIV on July 6, 1771. Canonized by Pope Bl. John XXIII on May 26, 1960.

January 14, 1664 (IV)
(19) 1. Girolamo Boncompagni, archbishop of Bologna. + January 24, 1684.
(20) 2. Celio Piccolomini, titular archbishop of Cesarea. + May 1681.
(21) 3. Carlo Bonelli, titular archbishop of Corinto. + August 27, 1676.
(22) 4. Carlo Carafa della Spina, bishop of Aversa. + October 19, 1680.
(23) 5. Alfonso Litta, archbishop of Milan + August 28, 1679. (1)
(24) 6. Neri Corsini, titular archbishop of Damietta. + September 19, 1678. (1)
(25) 7. Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni, auditor general of the Apostolic Chamber. + June 29, 1698. (1)
(26) 8. Giacomo Filippo Nini, titular archbishop of Corinto, prefect of the Apostolic Palace. + August 11, 1680. (1)
(27) 9. Cesare Maria Antonio Rasponi, secretary of the Sacred Consulta. + November 21, 1675. (1)
(28) 10. Giannicolò Conti, prefect of Rome. + January 20, 1698. (1)
(29) 11. Angelo Celsi, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + November 6, 1671.
(30) 12. Paolo Savelli, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + September 11, 1685.

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of February 15, 1666.

February 15, 1666 (V)
(31) 1. Giulio Spinola, titular archbishop of Laodicea, nuncio in Austria. + March 11, 1691. (1)
(32) 2. Carlo Roberti, titular archbishop of Tarso, nuncio in France. + February 14, 1673. (1)
(33) 3. Vitaliano Visconti, titular archbishop of Efesso, nuncio in Spain. + September 7, 1671. (1)
(34) 4. Innico Caracciolo, seniore, dean of the clerics of the Apostolic Chamber. + January 30, 1685. (1)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of March 7, 1667.

March 7, 1667 (VI)
(35) 1. Giovanni Delfino, patriarch of Aquileia. + July 19, 1699.
(36) 2. Guidobald von Thun, archbishop of Salzburg, Austria. + June 1, 1668.
(37) 3. Louis de Vendôme. + August 12, 1669.
(38) 4. Luis Guillermo de Moncada Aragón, duke of Bivona, Spain. + May 4, 1672.

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Clement IX (1667-1669)

December 12, 1667 (I)
(1) 1. Giacomo Rospigliosi, protonotary apostolic, nephew of His Holiness.+ February 2, 1684.
(2) 2. Leopoldo de' Medici. + November 10, 1675.
(3) 3. Sigismondo Chigi. + April 30, 1678.

August 5, 1669 (II)
(4) 1. Emmanuel Théodose de la Tour d'Auvergne de Bouillon. + March 2, 1715.
(5) 2. Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, dean of the cathedral chapter of Toledo, Spain. + September 14, 1709. (1)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of November 29, 1669.

November 29, 1669 (III)
(6) 1. Francesco Nerli, seniore, archbishop of Florence. + November 6, 1670.
(7) 2. Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, former bishop of Camerino, prefect of the Pontifical Household. (1)
(8) 3. Carlo Cerri, dean of the Sacred Roman Rota. + May 14, 1690.
(9) 4. Lazzaro Pallavicino. + April 21, 1680.
(10) 5. Giovanni Bona, O.Cist., abbot. + October 28, 1674.
(11) 6. Nicolò Acciaioli, auditor general of the Apostolic Chamber. + February 23, 1719.
(12) 7. Buonaccorso Buonaccorsi, general treasurer. + April 18, 1678.

(1) Elected Pope Clement X on April 29, 1670. Died on July 22, 1676.

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Clement X (1670-1676)

December 22, 1670 (I)
(1) 1. Federico Borromeo, iuniore, titular patriarch of Alexandria. + February 18, 1673.
(2) 2. Camillo Massimi, titular patriarch of Jerusalem. + September 12, 1677.
(3) 3. Gasparo Carpegna, titular archbishop of Nicea. + April 6, 1714.

August 24, 1671 (II)
(4) 1. Bernhard Gustave von Baden-Durlach, O.S.B., abbot of Fulda. + December 26, 1677. (1)
(5) 2. César d'Estrées, former bishop of Laon, France. + December 18, 1714. (2)
(6) 3. Johann Eberhard Nidhard, S.J., titular archbishop of Edessa in Osrhoëne, general Inquisitor in Spain, confessor of the queen of Spain and state counselor. + February 1, 1681. (2)

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of February 22, 1672.
(2) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of May 16, 1672.

February 22, 1672 (III)
(7) 1. Pierre de Bonzi, archbishop of Toulouse, France. + July 11, 1703.
(8) 2. Vincenzo Maria Orsini, O.P. (1)

(1) Elected Pope Benedict XIII on May 29, 1724. Died on February 21, 1730.

January 16, 1673 (IV)
(9) 1. Felice Rospigliosi. + May 9, 1688.

June 12, 1673 (V)
(10) 1. Francesco Nerli, iuniore, archbishop of Florence. + April 8, 1708.
(11) 2. Girolamo Gastaldi, general treasurer. + April 8, 1685.
(12) 3. Girolamo Casanate, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace and secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars. + March 3, 1700.
(13) 4. Federico Baldeschi Colonna, titular archbishop of Cesarea. + October 4, 1691. (1)
(14) 5. Pietro Basadonna, former ambassador of Venice to the Holy See. + October 6, 1684.

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of December 17, 1674.

May 27, 1675 (VI)
(15) 1. Galeazzo Marescotti, titular archbishop of Corinto, nuncio in Spain. + July 3, 1726.
(16) 2. Alessandro Crescenzi, C.R.S., titular patriarch of Alexandria, prefect of the Household of His Holiness. + May 8, 1688.
(17) 3. Bernardino Rocci, titular archbishop of Damasco, prefect of the Pontifical Palace. + November 2, 1680.
(18) 4. Fabrizio Spada, titular archbishop of Patras, nuncio in France. + June 15, 1717.
(19) 5. Mario Alberizzi, titular archbishop of Neocesarea, nuncio in Austria. + September 29, 1680.
(20) 6. Philip Thomas Howard of Norfolk, O.P. + June 17, 1694.

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Innocent XI (1676-1689)

September 1, 1681 (I)
(1) 1. Giambattista Spinola, seniore, former archbishop of Genoa, governor general of Rome. + January 4, 1704.
(2) 2. Antonio Pignatelli, archbishop-bishop of Lecce, prefect of the papal household. (1)
(3) 3. Stefano Brancaccio, bishop of Viterbo. + September 8, 1682.
(4) 4. Stefano Agostini, titular archbishop of Eraclea, datary of His Holiness. + March 21, 1683.
(5) 5. Francesco Buonvisi, titular archbishop of Tessalonica, nuncio in Austria. + August 25, 1700.
(6) 6. Savo Millini, titular archbishop of Cesarea, nuncio in Spain. + February 10, 1701.
(7) 7. Federico Visconti, archbishop-elect of Milan. + January 7, 1693.
(8) 8. Marco Galli, bishop of Rimini. + July 24, 1683.
(9) 9. Flaminio Taja, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + October 5, 1682.
(10) 10. Raimondo Capizucchi, O.P., master of the Apostolic Palace. + April 22, 1691.
(11) 11. Giovanni Battista De Luca, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, auditor of His Holiness. + February 5, 1683.
(12) 12. Lorenzo Brancati, O.F.M. Conv. + November 30, 1693.
(13) 13. Urbano Sacchetti, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + April 6, 1705.
(14) 14. Gianfrancesco Ginetti, treasurer general of the Apostolic Chamber. + September 18, 1691.
(15) 15. Benedetto Pamphilj, O.S.Io.Hieros., grand prior in Rome of the Order of S. John of Jerusalem. + March 22, 1730.
(16) 16. Michelangelo Ricci, secretary of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics. + March 12, 1682.

(1) Elected Pope Innocent XII on July 12, 1691. Died on September 27, 1700.

September 2, 1686 (II)
(17) 1. Giacomo de Angelis, former archbishop of Urbino, vicegerent of Rome. + September 15, 1695.
(18) 2. Opizio Pallavicini, titular archbishop of Efeso, nuncio in Poland. + February 11, 1700.
(19) 3. Angelo Maria Ranuzzi, bishop of Fano. + September 27, 1689.
(20) 4. Maximilian Gandolph von Künburg, archbishop of Salzburg, Austria. + May 3, 1687.
(21) 5. Veríssimo de Lencastre, former archbishop of Braga, Portugal. + December 12, 1692.
(22) 6. Marcello Durazzo, titular archbishop of Calcedonia, nuncio in Spain. + April 27, 1710.
(23) 7. Orazio Mattei, titular archbishop of Damasco, prefect of the Sacred Apostolic Palace. + January 18, 1688.
(24) 8. Marcantonio Barbarigo, archbishop of Corfù. + May 26, 1706.
(25) 9. Carlo Stefano Anastasio Ciceri, bishop of Como. + January 24, 1694.
(26) 10. Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch, bishop of Wiener Neustadt, Austria, + January 20, 1707.
(27) 11. Étienne Le Camus, bishop of Grenoble, France. + September 12, 1707.
(28) 12. Johannes von Goes, bishop of Gurk, Austria. + October 19, 1696.
(29) 13. Augustyn Michał Stefan Radziejowski, bishop of Ermland, Poland. + October 11, 1705.
(30) 14. Pier Matteo Petrucci, Orat., bishop of Iesi. + July 5, 1701.
(31) 15. Pedro de Salazar Gutiérrez de Toledo, O. de M., obispo de Salamanca, Spain. + August 15, 1706.
(32) 16. Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, bishop of Strassburg, Alsace. + April 19, 1704.
(33) 17. Jan Kazimierz Denhoff, preceptor of the Hospital S. Spirito in Sassia of Rome. + June 20, 1697.
(34) 18. José Sáenz de Aguirre, O.S.B. + August 19, 1699.
(35) 19. Leandro Colloredo, Orat., + January 11, 1709.
(36) 20. Fortunato Ilario Carafa della Spina. + January 16, 1697.
(37) 21. Domenico Maria Corsi, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + November 6, 1697.
(38) 22. Giafrancesco Negroni, treasurer of His Holiness. + January 1, 1713.
(39) 23. Fulvio Astalli, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + January 14, 1721.
(40) 24. Gasparo Cavalieri, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 17, 1690.
(41) 25. Johannes Walter Sluse, secretary of Apostolic Briefs. + July 7, 1687.
(42) 26. Francesco Maria de' Medici. (1)
(43) 27. Rinaldo d'Este. (2)

(1) Resigned cardinalate on June 19, 1709. Married Eleonore Luisa Gonzaga on July 14, 1709. Died on February 3, 1711.
(2) On March 21, 1695 Pope Innocent XI accepted his resignation from the cardinalate to preserve the d'Este family. In 1694 the Pope had granted him dispensation to succeed his nephew Francis II, who had died without issue, as duke of Modena. On November 18, 1695 he married Carlotta Felicita of Brunswick.

Note. Various sources indicate that Pope Innocent XI, to whom he was confessor, would have made Father Ludovico Marracci, O.M.D., a cardinal but his humility induced him to decline the promotion.

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Alexander VIII (1689-1691)

November 7, 1689 (I)
(1) 1. Pietro Ottoboni, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. + February 29, 1740.

February 13, 1690 (II)
(2) 1. Bandino Panciatici, titular patriarch of Jerusalem, datary of His Holiness. + April 21, 1718.
(3) 2. Giacomo Cantelmo, titular archbishop of Cesarea, nuncio extraordinary in Austria. + December 11, 1702.
(4) 3. Ferdinando d'Adda, titular archbishop of Amasea. + January 27, 1719.
(5) 4. Toussaint de Forbin de Janson, bishop of Beauvais, France. + March 24, 1713.
(6) 5. Giambattista Rubini, bishop of Vicenza. + February 17, 1707.
(7) 6. Francesco del Giudice, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + October 10, 1725.
(8) 7. Giambattista Costaguti, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + March 8, 1704.
(9) 8. Carlo Bichi, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + November 7, 1718.
(10) 9. Giuseppe Renato Imperiali, general treasurer of the Apostolic Chamber. + January 15, 1737.
(11) 10. Luigi Omodei, iuniore, cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 18, 1706.
(12) 11. Gianfrancesco Albani, secretary of Apostolic Briefs. (1)

(1) Elected Pope Clement XI on November 23, 1700. Died on March 19, 1721.

November 13, 1690 (III)
(13) 1. Francesco Barberini, iuniore, auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. + August 17, 1738.
(14) 2. Lorenzo Altieri, protonotary apostolic. + August 3, 1741.

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Innocent XII (1691-1700)

December 12, 1695 (I)
(1) 1. Giacomo Antonio Morigia, C.R.S.P., archbishop of Florence. + October 8, 1708. (1)
(2) 2. Sebastiano Antonio Tanara, titular archbishop of Damasco, nuncio in Austria. + May 5, 1724.
(3) 3. Giacomo Boncompagni, archbishop of Bologna. + March 24, 1731.
(4) 4. Giovanni Giacomo Cavallerini, titular archbishop of Nicea, nuncio in France. + February 18, 1699.
(5) 5. Federico Caccia, archbishop of Milan, nuncio in Spain. + January 14, 1699.
(6) 6. Taddeo Luigi dal Verme, bishop of Fano. + January 12, 1717.
(7) 7. Baldassare Cenci, seniore, archbishop of Larissa, prefect of the Pontifical Household. + May 26, 1709. (2)
(8) 8. Tommaso Maria Ferrari, O.P., master of the Apostolic Palace. + August 20, 1716.
(9) 9. Giuseppe Sacripante, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature. + January 4, 1727.
(10) 10. Celestino Sfondrati, O.S.B. + September 4, 1696.
(11) 11. Enrico Noris, O.E.S.A., curator of the Vatican Library. + February 23, 1704.
(11) 11. Giambattista Spinola, iuniore, governor of Rome and vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. + March 19, 1719.
(13) 13. Domenico Tarugi, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + December 27, 1696.
(14) 14. Henri Albert de la Grange d'Arquien. + March 23 (or May 24), 1707.

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of December 19, 1698.
(2) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of November 11, 1697.

July 22, 1697 (II)
(15) 1. Luiz de Sousa, archbishop of Lisbon, Portugal. + January 3, 1702.
(16) 2. Giorgio Cornaro, titular archbishop of Rodi, nuncio in Portugal. + August 10, 1722.
(17) 3. Pierre de Cambout, bishop of Orléans, France. + February 5, 1706.
(18) 4. Fabrizio Paolucci, bishop of Ferrara. + June 12, 1726. (1)
(19) 5. Alfonso Aguilar Fernández de Córdoba. + September 19, 1699.
(20) 6. Vincenzo Grimani. + September 26, 1710.

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of December 19, 1698.

November 14, 1699 (III)
(21) 1. Niccolò Radulovich, archbishop of Chieti, secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars. + October 27, 1702. (1)
(22) 2. Giuseppe Archinto, archbishop of Milan. + April 9, 1712.
(23) 3. Andrea Santacroce, titular archbishop of Seleucia, nuncio in Austria. + May 10, 1712.
(24) 4. Marcello d'Aste, titular archbishop of Athenae, president of Urbino. + June 11, 1709.
(25) 5. Daniello Marco Delfino, bishop of Brescia, nuncio in France. + August 5, 1704.
(26) 6. Sperello Sperelli, former bishop of Terni, assessor of the Holy Inquisition. + March 22, 1710. (1)
(27) 7. Giovanni Maria Gabrielli, O.Cist., abbot general of his order. + September 17, 1711.

(1) Reserved in pectore and published in the consistory of November 24, 1699.

Note. Two cardinals were created and reserved in pectore in this consistory but their names were never published.

June 21, 1700 (IV)
(28) 1. Louis-Antoine de Noailles, archbishop of Paris, France. + May 4, 1729.
(29) 2. Johannes Philipp von Lamberg, bishop of Passau. + October 20, 1712.
(30) 3. Francisco Antonio de Borja-Centelles y Ponce de León, archdeacon of Calatrava and canon prebendary of Toledo, Spain. + April 3, 1702.

Note. According to the official site of the Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel (Carmelites), Father Angelo Paoli, O.Carm., future blessed, twice declined the cardinalate offered to him by Popes Innocent XII and Clement XI, because - as he said - "it would have been hurtful to the poor, whom I would not have been able to help".

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SUMMARY
Leo XI (1605) - did not create any cardinals
Paul V (1605-1621) - created 60 cardinals
Gregory XV (1621-1623) - created 11 cardinals
Urban VIII (1623-1644) - created 74 cardinals
Innocent X (1644-1655) - created 40 cardinals
Alexander VII (1655-1667) - created 38 cardinals
Clement IX (1667-1669) - created 12 cardinals
Clement X (1670-1676) - created 20 cardinals
Innocent XI (1676-1689) - created 43 cardinals
Alexander VIII (1689-1691) - created 14 cardinals
Innocent XII (1691-1700) - created 30 cardinals
Total - 342 cardinals

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