(18) 1. SUBURRA, Can. Reg. Lat., Corrado di (ca. 1073-1154)

Birth. Ca. 1073, regio della Suburra, Rome. Of a bourgeois family. Son of Benedetto di Suburra. He probably was a nephew of Pope Honorius II, on his mother's side. Uncle of Cardinal Guido della Suburra (1153). His first name is also listed as Chunradus; and his last name as della Suburra.

Education. Joined the Augustinian Canons Regular Lateranense. Abbot of the monastery of Saint-Ruf in Avignon.

Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). In 1125, on behalf of Pope Honorius II, he intervened in the controversial selection of the abbot of the monastery of S. Maria di Farfa. Prior of the monastery of S. Anastasia, Rome. Abbot of the monastery of Saint-Ruf, Valence. In 1127, also in the name of the pope, he settled the succession to the abbot of Monte Cassino.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Sabina in the consistory of December 1127 (1). Consecrated (no information found). Subscribed papal bulls issued between May 7, 1128 and April 19, 1129; April 3, 1130 and May 16, 1143; October 19, 1143 and March 6, 1144; March 15, 1144 and February 14, 1145; March 10, 1145 and June 16, 1153. Participated in the papal election of 1130, in which Pope Innocent II was elected. Vicar of Rome when Pope Innocent II had to go into exile, 1130 to 1137 and 1139. Participated in the papal election of 1143, in which Pope Celestine II was elected. Participated in the papal election of 1144, in which Pope Lucius II was elected. Participated in the papal election of 1145, in which Pope Eugenius III was elected. Vicar of Rome for Pope Eugenius III in the summer of 1145; from the beginning of 1147 to November 1149; and from the summer of 1150 to December 1152. Participated in the papal election of 1153 and was elected pope.

Papacy. Elected pope on July 8, 1153, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Took the name Anastasius IV. Crowned, July 12, 1153, in the patriarchal Lateran archbasilica, by Cardinal Odone Fattiboni, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro. He created three cardinals in one consistory.

Death. December 3, 1154, Rome. Buried in the patriarchal Lateran archbasilica in the porphyry sarcophagus of St. Helena.

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 36, no. 26; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 279-280; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 965-966; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 123-124, no. 4; Ilari, Annibale. "Anastasio IV." Del Re, Niccolò. Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p. 57-58; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 173-174; Manselli, Raoul. "Anastasio IV." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 285-286; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 823, 840; and II, 1,7 and 20.

Webgraphy. Biography by Raoul Manselli, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 3 (1961), Treccani; brief biographical entry, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; engraving and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his portrait and biography, in Italian, Cronologia Leonardo; his engraving; his engraving, Araldica Vaticana; his engraving; his effigy on a medal; five engravings, Bildarchiv Austria, Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek; his engraving, Biblioteca comunale dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna.

(1) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928, p. 124, no. 4. Brixius, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181, p. 36, no. 26, says that as cardinal priest of (S. Pudenziana (S. Pastoris), he susbcribed papal bull issued between February 25, 1114 and July 21, 1126); and that Pope Honorius II promoted him to cardinal bishop of Sabina, and as such subscribed papal bulls issued between May 7, 1128 and June 16, 1153. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 270; and Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, col. 966, say that he was created cardinal in December 1126. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, p. 173, says that he was created cardinal priest of S. Pudenziana by Pope Paschal II between 1111 and 1114; and cardinal bishop of Sabina in the second half of 1126. Ilari, "Anastasio IV." Del Re, Niccolò. Mondo vaticano, p. 57; and Manselli, "Anastasio IV." Enciclopedia dei papi, p. 285, say that he probably was cardinal of the title of S. Pastore (S. Pudenziana) by 1121.

(19) 2. COCLITI, Bennone de' (?-ca. 1141)

Webgraphy. Elenco dei vescovi di Cesena, frwiki.

(1) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 1, 288: "man of vast literature, and diligent investigator of the truth".
(2) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928, p. 124, no. 13. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 1, 288, says that he was elected in 1126 and created cardinal in December of that same year.

(20) 3. CASTELLO, Guido di (?-1144)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata in the consistory of December 1127 (1). Participated in the papal election of 1130, in which Pope Innocent II was elected. Subscribed papal bulls issued between April 3, 1130 and December 21, 1133. Legate in Cologne and Aachen, 1131-1132. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Marco in December 1133. In November 1137, he presented the case of the legitimacy of Pope Innocent II before King Roggiero II of Sicily. In 1138, he was part of a papal legation formed by Cardinals Aymery de la Châtre, chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, Gerardo Caccianemici dell'Orso, Can. Reg. of S. Maria di Reno, and Badouin, O.Cist., of S. Maria in Trastevere, supporting the pope in the dispute over the legitimacy of the election of Abbot Rainaldo and over the relations of the abbey with the papacy and the empire; Cardinal Aymery deposed the abbot for supporting Antipope Anacletus II. Rector (governor) of Benevento in 1139. Legate in France, 1139-1140. Bernard de Clairvaux, future saint, wrote to Cardinal Guido asking him not to let his sympathy and affection for Abélard support his old teacher's doctrine. Participated in the papal election of 1143 and was elected pope. Legate in France.

Papacy. Elected pope on September 26, 1143 at the Lateran palace. Took the name Celestine II (2). Consecrated bishop of Rome, October 3, 1143, by Cardinal Albéric, O.S.B.Clun., bishop of Ostia; he was crowned on that same day by Gregorio Tarquini, protodeacon of Ss. Sergio e Bacco. He created thirteen cardinals in three consistories.

Death. March 8, 1144, apud Palladium, Rome. Buried in the patriarchal Lateran archbasilica.

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 34-35, no. 19; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 282-284; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 967-968; Coccoli, Carlo. "Celestino II." Del Re, Niccolò. Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p. 249; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 125, no. 23; Girgensohn, Dieter. "Celestino II." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 272-276; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 170-171; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 841.

Webgraphy. Biography by Dieter Girgensohn, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 23 (1979), Treccani; brief biographical entry, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; his image and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; biography, in English; biography, in German; his image and biography, in Italian, Cronologia Leonardo; his engraving, Getty Images; his engraving, Biblioteca comunale dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna; five engravings, , Bildarchiv Austria, Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek.

(1) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928, p. 125, no. 23. Brixius, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181, p. 34-35, no. 19, says that he was promoted to the cardinalate on March 28, 1126 .
(2) There had been a pope by the same name, Celestine II (1124), Teobaldo Boccapecora, who resigned the papacy to avoid a schism. He is not considered a pope and, therefore, does not count in the papal chronology.

(21) 4. PIERRE (?-1130)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Adriano of in the consistory of December 1127 (2). Legate in France. He became friend of Bernard de Clairvaux, future saint, who wrote him three letters. Participated in the election of Antipope Anacletus II in February 1130. Named pseudocardinal priest of S. Eusebio by the antipope. Subscribed a bull issued on April 24, 1130. Died shortly after without having made his submission to the legitimate pope.

Death. Shortly after April 24, 1130, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 1, 284; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 967; Du Chesne, François. Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois : de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat par l'expresse recommandation de nos roys, pour les grands services qu'ils ont rendus a leur estat, et a leur couronne. Comprenant commairement leurs legations, ambassades & voyages par eux faits en divers pays & royaumes, vers les papes, empereurs, roys, potentats, republiques, communautex & universitez, pour affaires importantes à l'église universelle, & à l'auguste majesté de nos souuerains. Enrichie de leurs armes et de leurs portraits. Divisée en deux tomes, et justifiée par tiltres et chartres du thresor de sa majesté, arrests des parlemens de France, registres des Chambres des comptes; donations, fondations, epitaphes, testamens, manuscripts, ancients monumens, chroniques & chartulaires d'abbayes, & autres histoires publiques & particlieres. 2 vols. A Paris : Aux despens de l'autheur, & se vendent chez luy ..., 1660, I, 108-109; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 125, no. 24; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, I, 911.

Webgraphy. His arms and biography in Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois de naissance, ou qui ont esté promeus au cardinalat. [Volume 1] / by François Duchesne (1616-1693). Auteur du texte, in French, p. 108-109, Gallica.

(1) "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928, p. 125, no. 24, says that he belonged to the family of the counts of Tusculum.Some sources say that he was an uncle of Antipope Victor IV.
(2) This is according to "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928, p. 125. His biography in French, linked above, says that he was created cardinal in 1128.

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